1.

0 Objective
a) To determine the shear force and bending moment at different sections.
b) To study the relationship between shear force and bending moment at different
sections.
c) To study how bending moment varies with increasing point load.

2.0 Materials and Apparatus

Figure 2.1 Special beam with Figure 2.2 Loads

cut section

Figure 2.3 Digital Indicator Figure 2.4 Load hangers

Figure 2.5 Hangers

3.0 Procedures

1. The load cell is connected to the digital indicator.

2. The indicator is switched on. The indicator must be switch on 10 minutes before taking
readings for stability of the reading.
3. The two simple supports to the aluminium base is fixed at a distance equal to the span of
the beam to be tested.
4. The load hanger is hung to the beam.
5. The beam is placed on the supports.
6. The load hanger is placed at the desired location.
7. The indicator reading is noted. The tare button on the indicator is pressed if it is not zero.
8. A load (10N) is placed on the load hanger.
9. The indicator reading is recorded. This represented the force at the cut section,
10. Load (at an increment of 10N for a maximum total load of 50N) is added to the load
hanger and the indicator reading is recorded.
11. Step 10 is repeated for another 4 sets of readings giving a total of 5 sets of readings.
4.0 Data Collection

Load (N) Load Cell Reading, F (N)

First reading Second reading Average reading
10
20
30
40
50
Table 4.1 Readings recorded when load distance 300mm from left support

Load (N) Load Cell Reading, F (N)

First reading Second reading Average reading
10 8.10 8.37 8.24
20 16.43 16.48 16.46
30 24.58 24.87 24.73
40 33.26 33.48 33.37
50 41.56 41.60 41.58
Table 4.2 Readings recorded when load distance 500mm from left support
5.0 Result and Calculation
Load (N) Load Cell Reading, Bending Moment at Section X-X
Experimental= Theory (N-mm)
F (N)
F*195 (N-mm)
10 999.00
20 2001.00
30 3000.00
40 3999.00
50 5001.00
Table 5.1 Results of experiment when load distance is 300mm from left support

Load (N) Load Cell Reading, Bending Moment at Section X-X

Experimental= Theory (N-mm)
F (N)
F*195 (N-mm)
10 8.24 1606.80 2780.00
20 16.46 3209.70 5555.00
30 24.73 4822.35 8335.00
40 33.37 6507.15 11110.00
50 41.58 8108.10 13980.00
Table 5.1 Results of experiment when load distance is 500mm from left support
6.0 Individual Background, Discussion, Conclusion and References

6.1 Aw Tjia Tjie (19WVD04390)

6.1.1 Individual Background

6.1.2 Discussion
a) What actually happens when a load is applied to the beam and why does this condition
occur?
When the resisting force is more than the load, the beam would not bend when the load is
applied to it. However, when the load is more than the resisting force, the beam will
physically bend downwards, this is called bending moment. This is due to the load
applied at a distance away from a point of reference and cause bending effect. The stress
from the load is countered by an equal and opposite from the beam. The beam needs
some internal forces to counter this.

b) Will the readings of the load cell differ from the above if the load is placed 100mm to the
left from the center of the cross-section? If your answer is yes, then by how much. If your
answer is no, then why?
Yes. The load cell reading is higher than the above reading. The differences of the
reading can be differed by 67.14%. This is because the load applied is not at the center of
the cross-section.
Load (N) Load Cell Reading, F (N) Load Cell Reading, F (N)
300mm 500mm
10 8.24
20 16.46
30 24.73
40 33.37
50 41.58

c) Comment on the accuracy of the experiment.

In my opinion, the experiment is not really accurate. There are many factors will affect
the accuracy of the experiment such as human being and environment. The table might be
shaking because of our hands on the table. This might contribute some variables to the
result of the experiment.
 d) State the probable factors that affect the accuracy of the experiment.
The probable factors that affect the accuracy of the experiment are the hanger and room. The
mass of the hanger might increase the force of the load. However, this can be avoided through
not calculating the mass of hanger when measuring the shear force. Disturbance from
surrounding might affect the accuracy too. Make sure the beam is stable when taking the
readings. Students are advised not putting their hands on the table when taking the readings to
avoid any variables occur to the result.

6.1.3 Conclusion
6.1.4 References
6.2 Ee Jun Qing (19WVD00384)
6.2.1 Individual Background
6.2.2 Discussion
6.2.3 Conclusion
6.2.4 References

6.3 Gee Siew Kei (19WVD00008)

6.3.1 Individual Background
6.3.2 Discussion
6.3.3 Conclusion
6.3.4 References

6.4 Hebron Nicholas Nevil (19WVD00246)

6.4.1 Individual Background
6.4.2 Discussion
6.4.3 Conclusion
6.4.4 References