a a

(Property 7) a
f (x ) dx  0
f (x )  f ( x ) dx .

 a

In special case :
a 
a 
f (x ) dx  2 0 f (x ) dx , if f (x ) is even function or f ( x )  f (x )

 0 , if f (x ) is odd is odd function or f ( x )   f (x )
This property is generally used when integrand is either even or odd function of x.

Proof:

Graphical Interpretation

 (1  x
2
Example: The value of ) sin x cos 2 xdx is

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3

Solution: (a) Let, f1 (x )  (1  x 2 ) , f2 (x )  sin x and f3 (x )  cos 2 x

Now, f1 (x )  f1 ( x ) , f2 (x )   f2 ( x ) and f3 (x )  f3 ( x )
  
 I
  
f (x )dx  [ f1 (x ). f2 (x ). f3 (x )]dx =  [ f1 ( x ). f2 ( x ). f3 ( x )] dx
 

 I0


1
Example: The value of the integral log x  x 2  1 dx is
1  
(a) 0 (b) log 2 (c) log 1/2 (d) None of these
Solution: (a) f (x )  log[x  x 2  1] is a odd function i.e. f ( x )   f (x )  f (x )  f ( x )  0  I = 0.

  1  x 

1/2
Example: The integral  [ x ]  ln   dx equal to
1 / 2   1  x 
1 1
(a) (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2 ln 
2 2

1  x 
Solution: (a) log  is an odd function of x as f ( x )   f (x )
1  x 
1
   
1/2 0 1/2 0
I [ x ]dx  0  I  [ x ]dx  [ x ]dx  I   1dx  0   [ x ]01 / 2  .
1 / 2 1 / 2 0 1 / 2 2


e
cos x
. sin x , | x |  2

3
Example: If f (x )   , then f (x )dx 

 2, otherwise 2

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3

Solution: (c) | x |  2  2  x  2 and f (x )  e cos x sin x is an odd function.

    2dx  [2 x ]  f (x )  0 if f(x) is odd and in (2, 3) f(x) is 2]

3 2 3 3 a
 I f (x )dx  f (x )dx  f (x )dx  I  0  3
2 2 [
2 2 2 2 a

Example
Example:

Example
Example
Example
 nT T
(Property 8) If f (x ) is a periodic function with period T, then 
0
f (x )dx  n 
0
f (x )dx
Proof:

Example
 Corollary :
aT
(i) If f (x ) is a periodic function with period T, then a
f (x ) is independent of a.
aT T
a
f(x)dx   f(x)dx,
0

aT a
(ii) T
f(x)dx   f(x)dx,
0

a nT a
(iii) nT
f (x )dx   0
f (x )dx

a  nT T
(iv)  a
f (x ) dx  n  0
f (x ) dx

nT T
(v) 
mT
f (x ) dx  (n  m ) 0
f (x ) dx , where n, m  I

b  nT b
(vi)  a  nT
f (x ) dx   a
f (x ) dx ,

3 
If I1 
 f (cos x ) dx and I 2 
 f (cos
2 2
Example: x ) dx then
0 0

(a) I1  I 2 (b) I1  2I 2 (c) I1  3I 2 (d) I1  4 I 2

Solution: (c) f (cos 2 x )  f (cos 2 (3  x ))




 I1  3 f (cos 2 x ) dx  I1  3I 2
0