Microelectronics II

Chapter 8
考古題 Part II
劉昱賢 Yu-Sian Liu
主動負載差動對 - 2013 考古題
 The active-loaded amplifier of Fig. 1. All transistors are characterized
by k’W/L= 3.2mA/V2, and |VA| = 20 V. Find the bias current I for which
the gain vo/vid =100 V/V. (18%)
 ANS
ro I /2 VA
Av  g m     100
2 VOV / 2 2  ( I / 2)
1 20
  100  VOV  0.2 (V )
VOV / 2 2
1 'W I
k  (VOV ) 2 
2 L 2
3.2m  (0.2)  I
2

I  128 ( A)
Fig. 1
2 4/19/2016
主動負載差動對 - 2014 考古題(1/2)
 In an active-loaded differential amplifier with the gain vo / vid = 100
V/V shown in Fig. 2, all transistors are characterized by k’ W/L = 3.2
V
mA/V2, and |VA| = 20 V. (13%) DD

 Find the overdrive voltage VOV1 (VOV of Q1). (4%)

Q3 Q4
 Find the bias current I. (5%)
 Calculate ro2 (ro of Q2). (2%) vo

 Calculate gm1 (gm of Q1). (2%)

Q1 Q2
 ANS vid
r I /2 VA
 VOV1 = 0.2 V Av  g m  o    100
2 VOV 1 / 2 2  ( I / 2) I
1 20
  100  VOV 1  0.2 (V )
VOV 1 / 2 2 -VSS Fig. 2
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主動負載差動對 - 2014 考古題(2/2)
 I = 128 μA
1 'W I
k  (VOV 1 ) 2 
2 L 2
3.2m  (0.2) 2  I
I  128 ( A)

 ro2 = 312.5 kΩ
VA 20
ro 2    312.5 (k)
( I / 2) 64

 gm1 = 0.64 mA/V

I /2 128
g m1    0.64 (mA / V )
VOV 1 / 2 0.2

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主動負載差動對 - 2015 考古題(1/3)
 An active-loaded differential amplifier shown in Fig. 3 is specified as
follows: (W/L)n = 100, (W/L)p = 200, μnCox = 2 μpCox = 0.2 mA/V2, VAn
= | VAp | = 20 V, I = 0.8 mA, and operate from ± 2.5 V supplies.
 Find the short circuit transconductance Gm of the circuit. (4%)
 Determine the output resistance Ro. (4%)
 Determine the differential gain Ad. (4%)
 If I is delivered by a simple NMOS current source operated at the same
VOV as the other two NMOS transistors, determine the allowable range of
vO. (4%)

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主動負載差動對 - 2015 考古題(2/3)
 ANS  Ro
1
Ro  ro 2 // ro 4 
 Gm V An 1 | V Ap | 1
( ) ( )
1 W I I /2 I /2
 n Cox  ( ) n  (VOV )1, 2 
2

2 L 2 1
  25k ()
1 20 1 20 1
0.2m  100  (VOV )1, 2  0.4m
2
( ) ( ) VDD
2 0.4m 0.4m
1
 (VOV )1, 2  Q3 Q4
5
I vO
Gm  g m1  g m 2  2  4m( A / V )
(VOV )1, 2 vG1 Q1 Q2 vG2
2

Fig. 3
-VSS

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主動負載差動對 - 2015 考古題(3/3)
 ANS  vo
 Ad vo (max)  VDD  VOV  2.5  0.2  2.3(V )

Ad  Gm Ro  4m  25k  100(V / V ) vo (min)  VSS  2  VOV  2.5  2  0.2  2.1(V )

7 4/19/2016
補充習題
 [6/e] Exercise 7.16 - 7.18  [7/e] Exercise 8.17 - 8.21
 [6/e] Problem 7.72, 7.73  [7/e] Problem 8.81, 8.95
 [6/e] Problem 7.78 - 7.80  [7/e] Problem 7.85, 8.100

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CMOS 兩級放大器 - 2013 考古題(1/7)
 Fig. 4 shows the CMOS amp circuit. Assume μnCOX=3 μpCOX =90
μA/V2., and VDD=VSS=2.5V, |Vt|=0.7V, I=100
μA,(W/L)1=(W/L)2=(W/L)5=200, and (W/L)3=(W/L)4=150 (37%)
 Find (W/L)6 and (W/L)7 the so that I6=100 μA. (4%)
 Find the overdrive voltage |VOV1|, |VOV2|, and |VOV6|. (6%)
 Find the gm1, gm2, and gm6. (6%)
 If |VA|=10V, find ro2, ro4, ro6, and ro7. (8%)
 Find the overall gain (5%)
 Find the input common mode range. (4%)

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CMOS 兩級放大器 - 2013 考古題(2/7)

Fig. 4
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CMOS 兩級放大器 - 2013 考古題(3/7)
 ANS
 I5 = I6 = I7
(W / L) 5  (W / L) 7  200

 For circuit symmetric

(V gs ) 3  (V gs ) 4  (V gs ) 6
 2  (W / L) 3, 4  (W / L) 6  200

 From drain current of Q1, Q2, Q6

1 1
 200  30  (VOV )12, 2  50  (VOV )1, 2   0.129099449  0.13 (V )
2 60
1 1
 200  90  (VOV 6 ) 2  100  VOV 6   0.1054092553  0.11 (V )
2 90

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CMOS 兩級放大器 - 2013 考古題(4/7)
 gm of Q1, Q2, Q6
I /2 100 / 2
g m1  g m 2    0.774596669  0.77 (mA / V )
(Vov )1, 2 / 2 1
/2
60
I 100
g m6    1.897366596  1.90 (mA / V )
Vov 6 / 2 1
/2
90

 ro of Q1, Q2, Q6 , Q7
VA 10
ro 2  ro 4    200 (k)
I / 2 100 / 2
V 10
ro 6  ro 7  A   100 (k)
I 100

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CMOS 兩級放大器 - 2013 考古題(5/7)
 The overall gain
1 1 I /2 V
| A1 | g m  ( ro2 // ro 4 )  g m (1, 2 ) ro(1, 2 )   A
2 2 (Vov ) 1, 2 / 2 I / 2
10
  20 15  77.45966692  77.46 (V / V )
1
60
1 1 I V
| A2 | g m 6  ( ro6 // ro 7 )  g m 6 ro( 6, 7 )   A
2 2 (Vov ) 6 / 2 I
10
  30 10  94.86832981  94.87 (V / V )
1
90
| A || A1 |  | A2 | 12 15  30 10
 7348.469228  7348.47 (V / V )

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CMOS 兩級放大器 - 2013 考古題(6/7)
 The input common mode range
 Vcm(max)
1 1
 200  90  (VOV 5 ) 2  100  VOV 5 
2 90
 0.1054092553  0.11 (V )
1 1
(VOV ) 1, 2   VGS 1   0.7
60 60
1 1
V DD  VOV 5  VGS 1  2.5  (  0.7)  1.5654913 (V )
90 60

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CMOS 兩級放大器 - 2013 考古題(7/7)
 Vcm(min)
1 1
 150  30  (VOV ) 12, 2  50  VOV 3 
2 45
1
 V SS  VOV 3  Vt1  2.5   0.7  3.05 (V )
45

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CMOS 兩級放大器 - 2014 考古題(1/5)
 Consider the CMOS op amp of Fig. 5 when fabricated in a 0.8-μm
CMOS technology μnCox = 3μpCox = 90 μA/V2, |Vt| = 0.8 V, and VDD =
VSS = 2.5 V. For a particular design, I = 100 μA, (W/L)1 = (W/L)2 =
(W/L)5 = 200, and (W/L)3 = (W/L)4 = 100. [Hint: VGS3 = VGS4 = VGS6.]
(40%)
 Find (W/L)6 and (W/L)7 the so that I6 = I7 = 100 μA. (4%)
 Find the overdrive voltage |VOV1|, |VOV2|, and |VOV6|. (9%)
 Find the gm1, gm2, and gm6. (6%)
 If |VA| = 10 V, find ro2, ro4, ro6, and ro7. (8%)
 Find the voltage gain of the first stage | A1 | = | vo1 / vid |. (6%)
 Find the voltage gain of the second stage | A2 | = | vo / vo1 |. (6%)
 Find the overall voltage gain | A |. (4%)

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CMOS 兩級放大器 - 2014 考古題(2/5)
+VDD

Q5

Q8 Q7

I
I7

- Q1 Q2 + vo
vid

vo1 I6

IREF Q3 Q4 Q6

-VSS Fig. 5
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CMOS 兩級放大器 - 2014 考古題(3/5)
 ANS
 (W/L)6 = (W/L)7 = 200
 For I6 = 2 I2 and VOV3 = VOV4 = VOV6  2 (W/L)3,4 = (W/L)6 = 200
 |VOV1| = |VOV2| = 0.13 V, |VOV1| = 0.11 V
1 1
 200  30  (VOV )12, 2  50  (VOV )1, 2   0.129099449  0.13 (V )
2 60
1 1
 200  90  (VOV 6 ) 2  100  VOV 6   0.1054092553  0.11 (V )
2 90

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CMOS 兩級放大器 - 2014 考古題(4/5)
 gm1 = gm2 = 0.77 mA/V, gm6 = 1.90 mA/V
I /2 100 / 2
g m1  g m 2    0.774596669  0.77 (mA / V )
(Vov )1, 2 / 2 1
/2
60
I 100
g m6    1.897366596  1.90 (mA / V )
Vov 6 / 2 1
/2
90

 ro2 = ro4 = 200 kΩ, ro6 = ro7 = 100 kΩ

VA 10
ro 2  ro 4    200 (k)
I / 2 100 / 2
V 10
ro 6  ro 7  A   100 (k)
I 100

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CMOS 兩級放大器 - 2014 考古題(5/5)
 | A1 | = 77.46 V/V
1
A1  g m  ( ro2 // ro 4 )  g m (1, 2 ) ro(1, 2 )
2
1 I /2 V 10
  A   20 15  77.45966692  77.46 (V / V )
2 (Vov ) 1, 2 / 2 I / 2 1
60

 | A2 | = 94.87 V/V
1 1 I /2 V 10
A1  g m  ( ro2 // ro 4 )  g m (1, 2 ) ro(1, 2 )   A 
2 2 (Vov )1, 2 / 2 I / 2 1
60
 20 15  77.45966692  77.46 (V / V )

 | A | = 7348.47 V/V
| A || A1 |  | A2 | 12 15  30 10  7348.469228  7348.47 (V / V )
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CMOS 兩級放大器 - 2015 考古題(1/4)
 The two-stage CMOS op amp in Fig. 6 is fabricated in a 0.18-μm
technology having kn' = 4 kp' = 400 μA/V2, Vtn = -Vtp = 0.4 V.
 With vG1 and vG2 grounded, perform a dc design that will result in each of
Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 conducting a drain current of 200 μA and Q6, Q7
conducting 400 μA. Design so that all transistors operate at |VOV| = 0.2 V.
Specify the W/L ratio required for each MOSFET.
 Find the maximum allowed input common-mode voltage vicm(max).
 Find the minimum allowed input common-mode voltage vicm(min).
 Find the allowable range of the output voltage vO.
 With vG1 = vid / 2 and vG2 = -vid / 2, find the voltage gain vo / vid. Assume an
Early voltage of 5 V.
 Find the CMRR.
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CMOS 兩級放大器 - 2015 考古題(2/4)
VDD = +1 V

Q3 Q4

IREF = 200 μA Q6

vG1 Q1 Q2 vG2
vO

Q5
Q8 Q7

-VSS = -1V
Fig. 6

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CMOS 兩級放大器 - 2015 考古題(3/4)
 ANS  vicm(max)
 W/L ratio vicm (max)  V DD  V SG 3  | Vtp1 |
1 W W 1  V DD  (VOV  | Vtn |)  | Vtp |
400u  ( )1, 2  0.2 2  200u  ( )1, 2   25
2 L L 0.04  1  (0.2  0.4)  0.4  0.8(V )
1 W W 4
100u  ( ) 3, 4  0.2 2  200u  ( ) 3, 4   100
2 L L 0.04  vicm(min)
1 W W
400u  ( ) 5  0.2 2  400u  ( ) 5  50 vicm (min)  V SS  VOV 5  VGS 1
2 L L
1 W W  1  0.2  0.2  0.4  0.2(V )
100u  ( ) 6  0.2 2  400u  ( ) 6  200
2 L L  vo
1 W W
400u  ( ) 7  0.2 2  400u  ( ) 7  50
2 L L vo (max)  VDD  VOV  1  0.2  0.8(V )
1 W W
400u  ( ) 8  0.2 2  200u  ( ) 8  25 vo (min)  VSS  VOV  1  0.2  0.8(V )
2 L L

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CMOS 兩級放大器 - 2015 考古題(4/4)
 Av
ro ( 2, 4 ) ro ( 6, 7 ) 1 1 1 I /2 V 1 I V
vo / vid  g m g m6  g m ro ( 2, 4 )  g m 6 ro ( 6, 7 )    A    A
2 2 2 2 2 VOV / 2 I / 2 2 VOV / 2 I
1 5 1 5
     625 (V / V )
2 0.1 2 0.1

 CMRR
 CMRR由第一級決定
 因為第二級共模與差模一起放大同樣的倍數
 I / 2  1 V A   I / 2 VA 
CMRR  g m1 ro 2 // ro 4 2 g m 3 ro 5       2   
 OV
V / 2  2 I / 2   VOV / 2 I 
100u  1 5   50u 5 
    2     1250
 0 .1  2 50 u   0. 1 100 u 

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補充習題
 [6/e] Example 7.5
 [6/e] Exercise 7.19
 [6/e] Problem 7.88 - 7.92
 [6/e] Problem 9.34
 [6/e] Concepts in 10.5, 10.7.1
 [6/e] Exercise 10.1 - 10.3
 [6/e] Problem 10.1 - 10.5
25
 [7/e] Example 8.6
 [7/e] Exercise 8.22
 [7/e] Problem 8.105 - 8.109
 [7/e] Problem 10.39
 [7/e] Concepts in 12.3.3, 12.4.1
 [7/e] Exercise 12.1 - 12.4
 [7/e] Problem 12.1 - 12.7
4/19/2016