Dr. M.

Varaprasad Rao
varam78@gmail.com

CLOUD COMPUTING
 Cloud Computing
Unit II
Foundations (Part – I)
T1: Ch1, Ch2, Ch3, Ch4
Course Objective: Outline Cloud Architecture and its
models
Course Outcome: Understand Cloud architecture and
its models
Common Terminology

2
 Definition of Cloud

• Cloud computing is using the internet to access

someone else's software running on someone
else's hardware in someone else's data center.
Lewis Cunningham

3
 Definition of Cloud…

• Cloud computing is a style of computing where

massively scalable IT-related capabilities are
provided ‘as a service’ across the Internet to
multiple external customers.

Gartner

4
 Definition of Cloud…

• A large-scale distributed computing paradigm that

is driven by economies of scale, in which a pool of
abstracted, virtualized, dynamically scalable,
managed computing power, storage, platforms,
and services are delivered on demand to external
customers over the Internet.
Ian Foster

5
 Definition of Cloud…
• A Cloud is a type of parallel and distributed system
consisting of a collection of interconnected and
virtualized computers that are dynamically
provisioned and presented as one or more unified
computing resources based on service-level
agreements established through negotiation
between the service provider and consumers.
Rajkumar Buyya

6
 Definition of Cloud…
• Berkeley summarized the key characteristics of
cloud computing as:
(1) the illusion of infinite computing resources;
(2) the elimination of an up-front commitment
by cloud users; and
(3) the ability to pay for use . . as needed . .

7
 Definition of Cloud…
• NIST characterizes cloud computing as
pay-per-use model for enabling
available,
convenient,
on-demand network access
to a shared pool of configurable computing
resources

8
Roots of Cloud Computing
Cloud
Computing

Distributed Hardwar
Computing e

Systems Internet
Manageme Technologie
nt s

9
 Roots of Cloud Computing…
• SOA
• Web Services
• Web 2.0
• Grid Computing
• Utility Computing
• Autonomic Computing

10
 Layers/Services of Cloud
●
Web Browser (Access Management Tool)

SaaS ●

●
Cloud Applications
Ex: Social Networks, Office suites, CRM

●
Cloud Development Environment (Access Management Tool)

PaaS ●

●
Cloud Platform
Ex: Programming Languages, Frameworks, Structured Data, Mashups editors

●
Virtual Infrastructure Manager (Access Management Tool)

IaaS ●

●
Cloud Infrastructure
Ex: Compute Servers, Data Storage, Firewall, Load Balancer

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Deployment Models

12
Deployment Models…

13
Deployment Models…

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 Desired Features of a Cloud
• Self-Service
• Per-Usage Metering and Billing
• Elasticity
• Customization

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 Cloud Infrastructure Management
Features
• Virtualization Support
• Self-Service, On-Demand Resource Provisioning
• Multiple Backend Hypervisors, Storage Virtualization
• Interface to Public Clouds, Virtual Networking
• Dynamic Resource Allocation, Virtual Clusters
• Reservation and Negotiation Mechanism
• High Availability and Data Recovery

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 Cloud Infrastructure Management…
Case Studies
• Apache VCL is Virtual Computing Lab
• AppLogicfor VI and OS
• Citrix Essentials is complete VI
• Enomaly ECP for EC2
• Eucalyptus for IaaS
• Nimbus3 is EC2 and VI
• OpenNebula is VI and pluggable components

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 Cloud Infrastructure Management…
Case Studies…
• OpenPEX (Open Provisioning and eXecution Environment)
for allocating VM instances
• oVirt is VI manager
• PlatformISF (Infrastructure Sharing Facility) is VI manager
• VMWare vSphere andvCloud

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Virtual Managers pg no 22

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 IaaS Features
Features
• Geographic Presence
• User Interface and Access to Servers
• Advance Reservation of Capacity
• Automatic Scaling and Load Balancing
• Service Level Agreement
• Hypervisor and OS Choice

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 IaaS Case Studies
• Amazon Web Services
• Flexiscale
• Joyent
• GoGrid
• Rackspace Cloud Servers

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 PaaS
Features
• Programming Models, Languages, and Frameworks
• Persistence Options
Case Studies
• Aneka
• App Engine
• Microsoft Azure
• Force.com
• Heroku
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 Challenges and Risks
• Security, Privacy, and Trust
• Data Lock-In and Standardization
• Availability, Fault-Tolerance, and Disaster Recovery
• Resource Management and Energy-Efficiency

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 Review – 1
Definitions of Cloud
Roots of Cloud
Virtualization
Services of Cloud
Deployment models of Cloud
Features of Cloud
Cloud Infrastructure Management
Case Studies

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 Migrating into a Cloud
Migrating into a Cloud has some challenges
– Security
– Performance Monitoring
– Consistent & Robust Service Abstraction
– Meta Scheduling
– Energy Efficient load Balancing
– Scale Management
– SLA & QoS Architecture
– Interoperability
– Portability
– Green IT
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 Promise of the Cloud

Cloudon Pay per use – Lower cost Barriers

●

●
On Demand Resources – Auto scaling
●
No Capital Expenses Only Operational Expenses

omics
●
SLA driven Operations
●
Reliability, Availability

Technolo Infinite Elasticity Availability

●

●
Automatic Usage Monitoring and Metering
●
Virtualized and Temporarily moved

gy
●
Integrity and Interoperability
●
Encapsulated and Abstracted Services

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 Approaches to Migrate
• Migration can happen at one of the five levels
of
– Application
– Code
– Design
– Architecture
– Usage

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 Approaches to Migrate…
• With due simplification, the migration of an
enterprise application is best captured by the
following equation:
P  P’c + P’l  P’OFC + P’l
Where
• P’c is application part after migration either into a cloud
• P’l is application run in local data center
• P’OFC is application part Optimized For Cloud
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 A Seven Step Model
1. Conduct Cloud Migration Assessment

2. Isolate the Dependencies

3. Map the Messaging & Environment

4. Re-architect & Implement the lost Functionalities

5. Leverage Cloud Functionalities & Features

6. Test the Migration

7. Iterate & Optimize

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 A Seven Step Model…

Start Assess

End Optimize Isolate

Iterative
Model
Test Map

Re-
Augment
architect

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 Details of Iterative Model

Assess Isolate
●
Cloudonomics
●
Runtime Environment
●
Migration Costs
●
Licensing
●
Libraries Dependency
●
Recurring Costs ●
Application Dependency
●
Database data Segmentation ●
Latencies Bottlenecks
●
Database Migration ●
Performance Bottlenecks
●
Functionality Migration ●
Architectural Dependency
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 Details of Iterative Model…

Re-
Map architect
●
Message Mapping;
●
Approximate lost
marshalling & de- functionality
marshalling ●
New use cases
●
Environment ●
Analysis
●
Libraries & Runtime Approx ●
Design
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 Details of Iterative Model…

Augment Test Optimize

●
Auto scaling ●
Manual &
●
Optimize rework
and iterate
●
Storage Automation ●
Standards &
●
Bandwidth ●
Test Cases for
Governance
●
Security new Cloud ●
Develop new
●
Exploit ●
Test Migration strategies for new
augmentation ●
Production Loads Clouds
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 Review 2
Migration to Cloud
Why?
Risks
Benefits!
Seven step model
Steps
An Iterative model
Steps

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 Integration as a service
• Business-to-business (B2B)
• Enterprise-to-enterprise (E2E) How to Integrate?
What to Integrate?
• Enterprise-to-cloud (E2C) Benefits !
• Cloud-to-cloud (C2C)

35
 The Onset of Knowledge Era
Path-breaking and people-centric technologies
– Miniaturization (tiny devices in manufacturing)
– Virtualization, Federation
– Composition, Collaboration, etc
Novel computing paradigms
– Grid, On-demand service, Cloud, etc.
Ambient Intelligent (AmI)
– Ambient sensing, networking,
– Perception, decision-making
– Actuation technologies

36
 The Onset of Knowledge Era…
• Anytime anywhere computing tends towards
everywhere, every time and everything computing
• Ambient intelligence (AmI) is the newest buzzword
today with ambient sensing, networking, perception,
decision-making and actuation technologies
• Dynamic, virtualized and autonomic infrastructures,
flexible, integrated and lean processes, constructive
and contributive building-blocks (service, model,
composite, agent, aspect etc)
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 The Evolution of SaaS
Newer resources and activities are being consistently readied to
be delivered as a service
– IT as a Service (ITaaS)
– Integration as a Service (IaaS)
– Database as a Service
– Network as a Service
– IoE as a Service, etc
• Clouds, being the Web-based infrastructures are the best fit
for hosting scores of unified and utility-like platforms

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 Challenges of SaaS
1. Controllability
2. Visibility & flexibility (APIs are Insufficient)
3. Security and Privacy (Data Transmission Security)
4. High Performance and Availability
5. Integration and Composition
6. Standards (The Impacts of Clouds)

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 Approaches of SaaS Integration
• Enterprise application integration (EAI) hub
• Service integration, it is enterprise service bus (ESB)
• Data integration, it is enterprise data bus (EDB)
• Message oriented middleware (MOM)
• Complex event processing (CEP) engines

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 Constraining Attributes of SaaS
• Dynamic nature of the SaaS interfaces that constantly change
• Dynamic nature of the metadata native to a SaaS provider
such as Salesforce.com
• Managing assets that exist outside of the firewall
• Massive amounts of information that need to move between
SaaS
• On-premise systems daily and the need to maintain data
quality and integrity

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 Most Probable Reasons are
• New integration scenarios
• Access to the cloud may be limited
• Dynamic resources
• Performance

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 New Integration Scenario
Within a Public Cloud

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 New Integration Scenario…
Homogeneous Clouds

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 New Integration Scenario…
Heterogeneous Clouds

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 The Integration Methodologies
Three types for cloud integration
• Traditional Enterprise Integration Tools can be
empowered with special connectors to access Cloud-
located Applications
• Traditional Enterprise Integration Tools are hosted in
the Cloud
• Integration-as-a-Service (IaaS) or On-Demand
Integration Offerings
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 Methods and Middleware Products
The integration requirements can be realized using any one of
the following methods and middleware products
1. Hosted and extended ESB (Internet service bus / cloud
integration bus)
2. Online Message Queues, Brokers and Hubs
3. Wizard and configuration-based integration platforms (Niche
integration solutions)
4. Integration Service Portfolio Approach
5. Appliance-based Integration (Standalone or Hosted)

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Characteristics of Integration Solutions and Products
• Connectivity
• Semantic Mediation
• Data Mediation
• Data Migration
• Data Security
• Data Integrity
• Governance

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 Data Integration Engineering Lifecycle
As per Mr. David Linthicum, a world-renowned
integration expert, are
– Understanding
– Definition
– Design
– Implementation
– Testing

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SaaS Integration Products And Platforms

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 SaaS Integration Products And Platforms…
Jitterbit (Linkage of On-Premise with Online and On-Demand
Applications)

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SaaS Integration Products And Platforms…
• Boomi Software
• Bungee Connect
• OpSource Connect
• SnapLogic
• Bluewolf
• Online MQ
• CloudMQ
• Linxter
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 SaaS Integration Products And Platforms…
The Pervasive DataCloud

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 SaaS Integration Products And Platforms…
The Pervasive DataCloud provides
– Multi-tenant,
– Multi-application and
– Multicustomer deployment
Pervasive DataCloud is a platform to deploy applications
– Scalable
– Flexible
– Easy to Access and Configure
– Robust
– Secure
– Affordable

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 SaaS Integration Services
To support spatially separated and heterogeneous systems
• Informatica On-Demand
– Rapid development and deployment with zero maintenance
– Automatically upgraded and continuously enhanced by vendor
– Proven SaaS integration solutions e.g., Salesforce.com
– Proven data transfer and translation technology
 SaaS Integration Services…
To support spatially separated and heterogeneous systems…