PD 521

Distance Protection Device

Version -302 -401 -602

Version -303 -402 -602

Update Documentation for

Version -303 -402 -502
 ! Warning
When electrical equipment is in operation, dangerous voltage will be present in certain parts of the
equipment. Failure to observe warning notices, incorrect use or improper use may endanger
personnel and equipment and cause personal injury or physical damage.

Before working in the terminal strip area, the device must be isolated. Where stranded conductors
are used as connecting leads, wire end ferrules must be employed.

Proper and safe operation of this device depends on appropriate shipping and handling, proper
storage, installation and commissioning, and on careful operation, maintenance and servicing.

For this reason only qualified personnel may work on or operate this device.

Qualified Personnel
are individuals who

o are familiar with the installation, commissioning and operation of the device and of the system to which it is being
connected;

o are able to perform switching operations in accordance with safety engineering standards and are authorized to
energize and de-energize equipment and to isolate, ground and label it;

o are trained in the care and use of safety apparatus in accordance with safety engineering standards;

o are trained in emergency procedures (first aid).

Note
The operating manual for this device gives instructions for its installation, commissioning and operation. However, the
manual cannot cover all conceivable circumstances or include detailed information on all topics. In the event of
questions or specific problems, do not take any action without proper authorization. Contact the appropriate ALSTOM
technical sales office and request the necessary information.

Any agreements, commitments, and legal relationships and any obligations on the part of ALSTOM, including settlement
of warranties, result solely from the applicable purchase contract, which is not affected by the contents of the operating
manual.

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Modifications After Going to Press

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4 89521-302/-303-401/-402-602/-502 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
2 Table of Contents

1 Application and Scope 7 4 Design 82

2 Technical Data 8 5 Installation and Connection 84

2.1 Conformity Statement 8 5.1 Unpacking and Packing 84
2.2 General Data 8 5.2 Checking Nominal Data and Design Type 84
2.3 Tests 8 5.3 Location Requirements 84
2.3.1 Type Tests 8 5.4 Installation 85
2.3.2 Routine Tests 9 5.5 Protective and System Grounding 87
2.4 Environmental Conditions 9 5.6 Connection 87
2.5 Inputs and Outputs 10 5.6.1 Measuring and Auxiliary Circuits 87
2.6 Interfaces 10 5.6.2 Binary Control Inputs 93
2.7 Information Output 11 5.6.3 Tripping and Signaling Circuits 93
2.8 Settings 11 5.6.4 PC Interface 93
2.9 Typical Characteristics 11 5.6.5 ILSA Interface 93
2.10 Deviations 11
2.11 Power Supply 12 6 Control 94
6.1 Display and Keyboard 94
3 Operation 13 6.2 Address Selection 95
3.1 Modular Structure 13 6.3 Change-Enabling Function 95
3.2 Man-Machine Communication 13 6.4 Changing Settings 96
3.3 Distance Protection 14 6.5 Memory Readout 97
3.3.1 Starting 16 6.5.1 Signal Memory Readout 97
3.3.2 Selection of Measured Variables 24 6.5.2 Monitoring Signal Memory Readout 99
3.3.3 Distance and Directional Measurement 25 6.6 Resetting 100
3.3.4 Impedance-Time Characteristics 34 6.7 Password-Protected Control Operations 101
3.4 Measuring Circuit Monitoring 42 6.8 Keyboard Lock 102
3.5 Backup Overcurrent-Time Protection 46
(BUOC or Backup DTOC) 7 Settings 103
3.6 Switch on to Fault Protection 47 7.1 Device Identification 103
3.7 Protective Signaling 48 7.1.1 Ordering Information 103
3.8 Circuit Breaker Failure Protection 56 7.1.2 Design Version 104
3.9 Ground Fault Direction Determination 56 7.2 Configuration Parameters 104
Using Steady-State Values 7.2.1 Control Interfaces 104
3.9.1 GFD Evaluation (Ground Fault Direction) 57 7.2.2 Binary Inputs 106
3.9.2 GF Evaluation (Ground Fault) 61 7.2.3 Binary Outputs 106
3.9.3 Ground Fault Data Acquisition 62 7.2.4 LED Indicators 107
3.10 Starting Signals and Tripping Logic 65 7.3 Function Parameters 107
3.11 Overcurrent Signal 67 7.3.1 Global 107
3.12 Operating Data Measurement 68 7.3.2 Main Functions 108
3.13 Fault Recording 71 7.3.3 Supplementary Functions 111
3.13.1 Fault Logging 73
3.13.2 Measured Fault Data 73 8 Information and Control Functions 116
3.13.3 Fault Data Acquisition 77 8.1 Measured Values 116
3.14 Self-Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis 78 8.2 State Signals 118
3.15 Serial Interfaces 79 8.3 Counters 119
3.15.1 PC Interface 80 8.4 Control and Testing 120
3.15.2 ILSA Interface 81

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1 Table of Contents
(continued)

9 Commissioning 122

10 Troubleshooting 137

11 Maintenance 140

12 Storage 143

13 Accessories and Spare Parts 144

14 Ordering Information 145

Appendix 147

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1 Application and Scope
PD 521 distance protection devices are used for selective
short-circuit protection in high-voltage systems.
The systems can be operated with impedance grounding,
with ground fault compensation or with isolated neutral.
The PD 521, a single-system distance protection device,
has the following protective functions:
¨ Overcurrent fault detection logic with optional
undervoltage fault detection logic
¨ Underimpedance fault detection logic with load blinding
¨ Distance measurement with selection of polygonal or
circular characteristic
¨ Four distance stages, including one that can be used
as a special stage
¨ Six timer stages, including two that act as backup timer
stages
¨ Direction voltage memory
¨ Circuit breaker failure protection
¨ Switch on to fault protection
¨ Backup overcurrent time protection (Backup DTOC)
¨ Protective signaling (teleprotection)
¨ Ground fault direction determination using steady-state
values
Fehler! Textmarke nicht definiert.
Besides the functions listed above, as well as measuring
circuit monitoring and comprehensive self-monitoring, the
following functions are always available in the PD 521 for
optimum fault evaluation and system management:
¨ Measuring circuit monitoring
¨ Operating data measurement
¨ Event counting
¨ Ground fault data acquisition
¨ Time-tagged fault logging
¨ Fault data acquisition (including fault localization)
¨ Fault recording
The PD 521 has a multifunctional case design that is
equally well suited to either wall surface mounting or flush
panel mounting due to the reversible terminal blocks and
adjustable mounting brackets. The auxiliary voltage for
the power supply can be switched internally from
110-250 V DC or 100-230V AC to 24-60 V DC.
The PD 521 has the following inputs and outputs:
o 4 current-measuring and 3 voltage-measuring inputs
o 2 binary signal inputs (optical couplers) with freely
configurable function assignment
o 8 output relays with freely configurable function
assignment
Control and display:
o Local control panel
o 12 LED indicators, 9 of which allow freely configurable
function assignment
o PC interface
o Optional ILSA interface
Information is exchanged either through the integrated
local control panel, the integrated PC interface or the
optional ILSA interface.
The optional ILSA interface provides a system interface
for serial link-up of the numerical protection device to a
central protection control unit or to a central substation
control system.
7
2 Technical Data

2.1 Conformity Statement 2.3 Tests

Applicable to the PD 521, version 2.3.1 Type Tests

302-402/403/404-604
§
All tests according to EN 60255-6 and
Article 10 of EC Directive 72/73/EC. DIN 57 435 Part 303

The product designated as "PD 521 Distance Protection Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
Device" has been developed and manufactured in
conformity with the international standard EN 60255-6 and Interference suppression
in accordance with the EMC Directive and the Low According to EN 55022 and DIN VDE 0878 Part 3,
Voltage Directive issued by the European Community. class B

1 MHz burst disturbance test

§
2.2 General Data According to IEC 255 Part 22-1, class III
Common mode test voltage: 2.5 kV
Design Differential test voltage: 1.0 kV
Case suitable for surface or flush mounting Test duration: >2s
Source impedance: 200 W
Installation position
Vertical ± 30° Immunity to electrostatic discharge
§
According to EN 60801 Part 2, severity level 3
Degree of device protection Contact discharge,
IP 51 according to DIN VDE 0470 and EN 60529 or Single discharges: > 10
IEC 529 Holding time: >5s
Test voltage: 6 kV
Weight Test generator: 50 to 100 MW, 150 pF/330 W
Approx. 4.0 kg
Immunity to radiated electromagnetic energy
§
Dimensions and connections According to ENV 50140 , level 3
See Dimensional Drawings and Terminal Connection Antenna distance to tested device: > 1 m on all sides
Diagrams Test field strength, frequ. band 80 to 1000 MHz: 10 V/m
Test using AM: 1 kHz / 80 %
PC interface Single test at 900 MHz: AM 200 Hz / 100 %
Connector DIN 41 652, type D-Sub, 9-pin
A special connecting cable is required for electrical Electrical fast transient / burst requirements
isolation. According to IEC 801-4, test severity level 3
Rise time of one pulse: 5 ns
ILSA Interface (optional) Impulse duration (50% value): 50 ns
Optical fibers (-X7 and -X8): optical fiber interface F-SMA. Amplitude: 2 kV / 1 kV
Leads (-X9): Mini Combicon MC 1.5/5-STF-3.81 for wire Burst duration: 15 ms
cross-sections up to 1.5 mm2 flexible. Burst period: 300 ms
Source impedance: 50 W
Connections
Threaded terminal ends M4,
self-centering with wire protection for conductor cross-
sections from 0.5 mm² to 6 mm² or 2 ´ 2.5 mm²

Creepage distances and clearances

§
Per EN 61010-1 or IEC 664-1
Pollution degree 3, working voltage 300 V
overvoltage category III, impulse test voltage 5 kV

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2 Technical Data
(continued)

Surge immunity test Mechanical Robustness

According to IEC 1000-4-5, test level 3
Testing of power supply circuits, Vibration test
§
unsymmetrically / symmetrically operated lines According to IEC 255-21-1 , test severity class 1
Open-circuit voltage front time / Frequency range, in operation:
/ time to half-value: 1.2 / 50 ms 10 to 60 Hz, 0.035 mm,
Short-circuit current front time / 60 to 150 Hz, 0.5 g
/ time to half-value: 8 / 20 ms Frequency range, during transport:
Amplitude: 1 / 2 kV 10 to 150 Hz, 1 g
Pulse frequency: > 5 / min
Source impedance: 12 / 42 W Shock response and withstand test, bump test
§
According to IEC 255-21-2 , test severity class 1
Immunity to conducted disturbances induced by radio Acceleration: 5 g/15 g
frequency fields Pulse duration: 11 ms
According to IEC 65A/77B (Sec) 145/110, test level 2
Disturbing test voltage: 3 V Seismic test
§
According to EN 60255-21-3 , test procedure A, class 1
Power frequency magnetic field immunity 5 to 8 Hz, 3.5/1.5 mm,
§ 2
According to EN 61000-4-8 , level 4 8 to 35 Hz, 10/5 m/s
Frequency: 50 Hz 3 ´ 1 cycle
Test field strength: 30 A/m

Interruptions to and alternating component (ripple) in 2.3.2 Routine Tests

d.c. auxiliary energizing quantity of measuring relays
§
According to IEC 255-11 All tests according to EN 60255-6 and
12% / 50 ms DIN 57 435 Part 303

Insulation Additional thermal test

100 % controlled thermal endurance test, inputs loaded
Voltage test
According to IEC 255-5
2 kV AC, 60 s 2.4 Environmental Conditions
For the voltage test of the power supply inputs, direct
voltage (2.8 kV DC) must be used. Allowable ambient temperatures
The PC interface must not be subjected to the voltage Operating temp.:
test. - 5 °C to + 55 °C (+ 23 °F to + 131 °F)
Storage temp.:
Impulse voltage withstand test - 25 °C to + 55 °C (- 13 °F to + 131 °F)
According to IEC 255-5 Shipping temp.:
Front time: 1.2 µs - 25 °C to + 70 °C (- 13 °F to + 158 °F)
Time to half-value: 50 µs
Peak value: 5 kV Ambient humidity range
Source impedance: 500 W Relative humidity to preclude any condensation;
45 to 75 % (annual mean),
up to 56 days at £ 95% and 40°C (104 °F)

____________________________________________
Key:
§
For this EN, ENV or IEC standard, the DIN EN, DINV
ENV or DIN IEC edition, respectively, was used in the test.

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2 Technical Data
(continued)
2.5 Inputs and Outputs
Measurement Inputs
Current
Connection to current transformers
Nominal current Inom (per order): 1 A AC or 5 A AC
Load rating, continuous: 4 Inom
for 10 s: 30 Inom
for 1 s: 100 Inom
Rated surge current: 250 Inom
Nominal consumption: < 0.3 VA per phase at Inom
Voltage
Connection to voltage transformers
Nominal voltage Vnom: 100 V AC
Suitable for connection to transformers with
Vnom = 100 to 130 V AC
Load rating, continuous: 1.5 Vnom
Nominal consumption: < 0.3 VA per phase at Vnom
Frequency
Nominal frequency fnom: 50 Hz or 60 Hz (settable)
Operating range: 0.95 to 1.05 fnom
Dynamic range
For the three phase currents at 1 A or 5 A: 100 Inom
For the residual current at 1 A or 5 A: 10 Inom
Binary Inputs (Optical Couplers)
Function assignment and connections:
see address list (Appendix C) and terminal connection
diagrams (Appendix E)
Fitted: 2 optical couplers, both freely configurable
Nominal input voltage Vin,nom: 24 to 250 V DC
Operating range: 0.8 to 1.1 Vin,nom
with residual ripple of up to 12% of Vin,nom
Current consumption per input:
Vin = 19…110 V DC: 0.5 W ± 30%
Vin > 110 V DC: 5 mA ± 30%
10
Binary Outputs (Output Relays)
Number, function assignment and connections:
see address list (Appendix C) and terminal connection
diagrams (Appendix E)
Fitted: 8 output relays, all freely configurable
Contact load rating:
- Rated voltage: 250 V DC, 250 V AC
- Continuous current: 5 A
- Short-time current: 30 A for 0.5 s
- Making capacity: 1000 W (VA) at L/R = 40 ms
- Breaking capacity: 0.2 A at 220 V DC, L/R = 40 ms,
4 A at 220 V AC, cos j = 0.4
2.6 Interfaces
Local control panel
Input and output of protection data:
via six keys and two four-digit displays
State and fault indications:
12 LED indicators
(3 permanently assigned, 9 freely configurable)
Function assignment:
see address list (Appendix C)
PC interface
Transmission rate:
300 to 9600 Baud (adjustable)
For connection to a PC, a special connection cable is
required (see Accessories).
ILSA interface (optional)
Per IEC 60870-5-103
Transmission rate:
50 to 19,200 Baud (adjustable)
Plastic fiber connection
optical wave length: typ. 655 nm
distance to be bridged: max. 45 m
Glass fiber connection G 50/125 or G 62.5/125
optical wave length: typ. 820 nm
distance to be bridged: max. 2000 m
Wire leads
per RS 485, 2kV-isolation
distance to be bridged: max. 1200 m
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2 Technical Data
(continued)

2.7 Information Output 2.9 Typical Characteristics

Counters, measured data and indications: Min. starting time: 25 ms

see address list (Appendix C)
Starting reset time: 30 ms ± 10 ms
Time-Tagged Fault Logging
Directional sensitivity up to 2 s after general start: ¥
Up to 5 faults are stored, then the oldest fault is erased.
beginning 2 s after general start and with switch on to
Up to 64 signals per fault can be stored, subsequent fault: 200 mV ± 20%
signals trigger the overflow indication.
Shortest command time: 35 ms
Fault counting: 0 to 9999.
Minimum trip command output time: 100 ms
Time-tagging: Date and time are assigned via an internal
clock. Reset ratio for starting and measurement: 0.95

Fault Data Acquisition 2.10 Deviations

Phase currents IA, IB, IC: to 100 Inom Deviations relative to the set value with sinusoidal
(IN is calculated at output) measured variables, total harmonic distortion £ 2%,
Phase-to-ground voltages VA-G, VB-G, VC-G: to 1 Vnom ambient temperature 20°C and nominal auxiliary voltage
(VN-G is calculated at output) VA,nom.

Resolution for sampled values ó 6% dynamic range: Distance Protection

for Inom = 1 A : 6.1 mA (r.m.s.)
for Inom = 5 A, : 30.5 mA or 6.1 mV (r.m.s.)
Resolution for sampled values > 6% dynamic range
for Inom = 1 A : 97.6 mA (r.m.s.)
for Inom = 5 A, : 488 mA or 97.6 mV (r.m.s.)
Time resolution: 2 ms
Fault logging period
Pre-fault period: 10 to 100 ms
Post-fault period: 10 to 250 ms
For a single fault, recording ceases after 4.35 s / 3.33 s
(including the pre- and post-fault periods) at a nominal
frequency of 50 Hz / 60 Hz.
The maximum recording period of 4.35 s / 3.33 s can be
divided between up to 5 faults.
For a recording period in excess of 4.35 s / 3.33 s, the
analog data of the oldest fault are erased; for a number of
faults in excess of five, all data of the oldest fault are
erased.
Fault detector I>, IN>
Setting <0,2 Inom: Deviation: ± 5%
Setting >0,2 Inom: Deviation: ± 3%
Influence at 20°C ± 20 K: ± 0.5%
Influence at fnom ± 5%: ± 0.5%
Fault detector I>>
Deviation: ± 3%
Influence at 20°C ± 20 K: ± 0.5%
Influence at fnom ± 5%: ± 0.5%
Fault detector V<, VN-G>, VN-G>>
Deviation: ± 3%
Influence at 20°C ± 20 K: ± 0.5%
Influence at fnom ± 5%: ± 2.0%
Impedance measurement Z<
Deviation at jsh = 0°, 90°: ± 3%
Deviation at jsh = 30°, 60°: ± 5%

Self-monitoring Direction determination

Up to 30 monitoring signals can be stored. Deviation: ± 3°
Influence at 20°C ± 20 K: ± 1°
2.8 Settings Influence at fnom ± 5%: ± 8°

Settings, ranges and increments:

see address list (Appendix C)

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2 Technical Data
(continued)

Backup Overcurrent Time Protection (Backup DTOC) Fault Localization

Threshold operate value I> Deviation: ± 5%

Deviation: ± 3%
Influence at 20°C ± 20 K: ± 1% Internal Clock
Influence at fnom ± 5%: ± 0.2%
With free-running internal clock
Ground Fault Direction Determination Deviation: < 1 min/month
Using Steady-State Values
With synchronization via DCF77 clock
Threshold operate values and sector angles Deviation: < 10 ms
Deviation: ± 3% or 1 °
Influence at 20°C ± 20 K: ± 1% or 1° 2.11 Power Supply
Influence at fnom ± 5%: ± 5% or 2°
Nominal auxiliary voltage VA,nom
1
Measuring Circuit Monitoring 24 to 60 V DC / 110 to 250 V DC, 100 to 230 V AC
(selectable using internal plug-in jumper)
Threshold operate values Ineg, Vneg
Deviation: ± 3% Operating range: 0.8 to 1.1 VA,nom
Influence at 20°C ± 20 K: ± 1% with residual ripple of up to 12% VA,nom
2
Timer stages fnom: 50 Hz / 60 Hz

Deviation: ± 10 ms or 3% Nominal consumption at VA,nom = 220 V DC:

Influence at 20°C ± 20 K: ± 1% 8 / 10 W (VA) (initial condition / operated condition)

Operating Data Measurement Start-up peak current for a duration of 0.25 ms: < 13 A

Deviations relative to the relevant nominal value with

sinusoidal measured variables, total harmonic distortion £
2%, ambient temperature 20°C and nominal auxiliary
voltage VA,nom.

Current, voltage
Deviation: ± 3%
Influence at 20°C ± 20 K: ± 1%
Influence at fnom ± 5%: ± 0.2%

Active and reactive power

Deviation: ± 11%
Influence at 20°C ± 20 K: ± 7%
Influence at fnom ± 5%: ± 6%

Load angle j
Deviation: ± 2°

1
Factory setting underlined
2
For AC voltage supply

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3 Operation
3.1 Modular Structure
The PD 521, a numerical protection device, is one of the
pieces of instrumentation in Subsystem P of the Integrated
Protection and Control System for Substations (ILS). The
devices that are part of this system are built from identical
uniform hardware modules. Figure 1 shows the basic
hardware structure of the PD 521 distance protection
device.
1 Basic hardware structure
The input transformers and optical couplers convert the
external analog and binary variables - electrically isolated -
to the internal processing levels. Commands and signals
generated within the device are accessible via floating
contacts. The external auxiliary voltage is applied to the
power supply module which provides the voltages required
internally.
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3.2 Man-Machine Communication
The following interfaces are available for the exchange of
information between operator and device:
¨ Integrated local control panel
¨ PC interface
¨ ILSA interface
Each piece of information and each parameter is coded
with an ‘address’ consisting of two two-digit decimal
numbers x and y. Changing x or y allows selection of any
desired address for display or where necessary
modification of the information stored at that address.
(Please refer to Chapter 6.)
The addresses are standardized for all systems with the
advantage that the same information is coded with the
same address in each device type. The entire address
range is divided into the following three groups:
¨ Parameters:
This group contains all set values including the device
identification data, the configuration parameters for
adapting the device interfaces to the system and the
function parameters for adapting the protective function
to the process. All values of this group are stored in a
non-volatile memory, that is the values will be
preserved even if the power supply fails.
¨ Operation:
This group includes all information relevant for
operation, such as measured operating values and
binary signal states. This information is updated
periodically and consequently is not stored. In addition,
various control parameters are grouped here, for
example those for resetting counters, memories and
displays.
¨ Events:
The third group is reserved for the recording of events.
Hence all information contained in this group is stored.
In particular the start/end signals during a fault, the
measured fault data as well as sampled fault records
are stored here and can be read out at a later time.
The appendix, section C, documents the addresses of the
numerical protection device PD 521. This address list is
complete and thus contains all addresses used with the
PD 521.
13
3 Operation
(continued)
3.3 Distance Protection
The secondary phase currents and voltages of the system
transformer are fed to the PD 521 and – electrically
isolated – are converted to normalized electronics levels.
The analog quantities are digitized and are thus available
for further processing.
Settings that do not refer to nominal quantities are
converted by the PD 521 to nominal quantities. The
nominal current of the PD 521 must be set for this
purpose.
The connection arrangement of the distance protection
measuring circuit on the PD 521 must be set. (Figure 2
shows the standard connection.) The phase of the
digitized phase current is rotated 180° by this setting.
14
From these currents (IA, IB and IC) the phase-to-phase
currents IA-B, IB-C and IC-A are formed.
The current with the highest magnitude (IP,max) and the
current with the intermediate magnitude (IP,med) are
determined from the phase currents.
The ground current 1IN is calculated by summation of IA, IB
and IC.
The phase-to-phase voltages 1VA-B, 1VB-C and 1VC-A are
formed from the digitized phase-to-ground voltages
1VA-G, 1VB-G and 1VC-G and the neutral displacement
voltage 1VN-G.
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3 Operation
(continued)

2 Conditioning the measured data

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3 Operation
(continued)
3.3.1 Fault Detection Logic
The purpose of distance protection fault detection logic is
phase-selective short-circuit detection. Fault detection
logic is divided into the following areas:
¨ Overcurrent detection
¨ Ground fault detection
¨ Undervoltage detection
¨ Underimpedance detection
The fault detection decisions of the individual areas are
linked by fault detection logic.
Short-circuit currents that are greater than the maximum
operating load currents can be detected by overcurrent
detection logic. Undervoltage detection logic is provided
for short circuits that cannot be detected by overcurrent
detection logic. Ground fault detection logic distinguishes
between grounded and ungrounded faults.
3 Fault detection blocking
16
The fault detection logic function starts the timer stages of
the trigger levels and – as a function of the phase-
selective fault detection decision – selects the measuring
loop in which the fault impedance is determined. Fault
detection logic is blocked in the following cases:
¨ if protection is disabled from the local control panel or
through appropriately configured binary signal inputs;
¨ if measuring-circuit monitoring detects a fault in the
voltage-measuring circuit.
Protection can only be deactivated or activated through
binary signal inputs if the M A I N : D e a c t i v a t e p r o t .
E X T and M A I N : A c t i v a t e p r o t . E X T functions
are both configured. When only one or neither of the two
functions is configured, this is interpreted as “Protection
externally activated.” If the triggering signals of the binary
signal inputs are implausible, as for example when they
both have a logic value of “1,” then the last plausible state
remains stored in memory.
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3 Operation
(continued)
Overcurrent Detection Logic
Overcurrent detection logic monitors the phase currents
for values in excess of the threshold values I>> and I>>>.
The I>> threshold can be set. I>>> is 2 × I >> . The
thresholds are identical for all three phases.
The output signals of the I>> trigger assume a logic value
of "1" if the threshold is exceeded in two consecutive half-
waves. Overcurrent detection is delayed by the set time
tI>> if the current is below 5 × I>>. Thereby, false fault
detection decisions caused by inrush currents on
switching can be suppressed for lines with connected
transformers. In the case of the I>>> trigger only one half-
wave must exceed the threshold for the output signals to
assume a logic value of "1."
4 Overcurrent detection logic
Ground Fault Detection Logic
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If I>> is exceeded in one phase, then it is sufficient for
overcurrent detection if I>>> is exceeded in the other
phases. In this case the fault detection time is shortened
since there is no longer any need to wait for the second
half-wave.
Evaluation of the trigger decisions is a function of the type
of neutral-point treatment set in the PD 521. If isolated-
neutral/resonant-grounded or short-time grounding is
set, then I>> overcurrent detection occurs in the phase(s)
in which the I>> threshold is exceeded. With the setting
impedance-grounded the following condition must also be
satisfied:
2
I³ × IP,max
3
17
3 Operation
(continued)

Ground fault detection logic monitors the average 5% of the current maximum phase current is added to the
magnitude of the ground current 1IN and the neutral-point set threshold IN>, which means that the operate value of
displacement voltage 1VN-G for values exceeding set the ground current function increases with an increasing
thresholds. phase current level as a form of stabilization.

5 Monitoring the ground current 1IN and the neutral-point displacement voltage 1VN-G

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3 Operation
(continued)
The ground fault detection mode is a function of the
neutral-point treatment set in the PD 521.
¨ MAIN: Neutral-point treat(ment)
Low impedance-grounding
Ground fault starting SG occurs with this setting when
the threshold of the IN> or VN-G> trigger is exceeded.
¨ MAIN: Neutral-point treat(ment)
Isolated neutral/resonant-grounding
If the setting isolated neutral/resonant-grounding is
selected, instantaneous starting SG occurs when there
is multiple phase-to-ground fault detection if the
threshold value of the IN> or VN-G> trigger is exceeded.
6 Evaluation of trigger signals
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Even in the case of a single-phase fault, that is, in the
event that only one base point is detected, ground fault
starting will occur, but not until tIN> has elapsed.
¨ MAIN: Neutral-point treat(ment)
Short-duration grounding
Operation in this mode corresponds to operation with
the setting isolated neutral/resonant-grounding except
that timer stage tIN> is started when the IN> or VN-G>
trigger operates. In the case of a sustained ground
fault the timer stage tIN> remains in the elapsed state
due to the operating trigger VN-G>>. If the ground fault
changes to a phase-to-ground fault then ground fault
starting operates without delay when the threshold of
the IN> or VN-G> trigger is exceeded.
19
3 Operation
(continued)

Ground Fault Starting Signals Enabling Undervoltage and Underimpedance

Detection Logic
Signals are derived from ground fault detection trigger
decisions. If neutral-point treatment is set for Low
impedance-grounding, then the following signals are Undervoltage and underimpedance detection logic are
issued: enabled by I>(Imin) in the corresponding measuring
systems. In order to control contention problems when
current and voltage appear at the same time (branch
¨ When VN-G>> is exceeded,
voltage transformers), enabling of the measuring systems
S T A R T : V N - G > > t r i g g e r e d is signaled.
is delayed by 15 ms.
¨ By selecting the appropriate setting the user can
In isolated-neutral systems or resonant-grounded
specify whether a “trip” should occur after the timer
systems, one of the two phases may carry just a small
stage tVN-G>> has elapsed.
load current falling below the base point current I>(Imin).
In this case, the undervoltage decisions are enabled if the
With the settings Isolated neutral/resonant-grounding or
V< condition is met in two phases whereas the I>
Short-duration grounding the M A I N : G r o u n d f a u l t
condition is satisfied in one phase only. This extended
signal is issued after tVN-G>> elapses (see Figure 6) if there
enabling logic will operate only for the neutral-point
is no multi-phase starting.
treatment settings Isol./reson. w. start. P-G and Short-
duration grounding.

7 Ground fault starting signals

20 89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
3 Operation
(continued)

8 Enabling undervoltage and underimpedance detection logic

89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN 21
3 Operation
(continued)
Undervoltage Detection Logic
Undervoltage detection logic monitors the phase-to-
ground voltages or the phase-to-phase voltages to
determine whether they fall below the set threshold V<.
Operation of undervoltage detection can be determined
through selection of the operating mode. The following
modes are possible:
¨ Undervoltage detection logic is deactivated.
¨ Undervoltage detection logic evaluates only the
decisions of the phase-to-ground loops, once these
functions have been enabled by ground fault detection.
9 Undervoltage detection logic
22
¨ Ground fault detection brings about a switch from
phase-to-phase to phase-to-ground loops.
If the following – contradictory – setting combination has
been selected, namely
¨ MAIN: Neutral-point treat(ment)
Isol./reson. w/o start P-G and
¨ START: Operat(ing) mode
With V</Z< starting P-G,
then when ground starting SG occurs, the phase-to-phase
loops are always enabled. If no ground starting occurs,
then the undervoltage detection function is blocked.
89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
3 Operation
(continued)

Underimpedance Detection Logic The following values must be set in order to determine the
underimpedance detection characteristic:
Underimpedance detection logic determines the
impedances of the phase-to-ground or phase-to-phase ¨ Reactance in the forward direction: Xfw
loops.
¨ Load angle >
Operation of underimpedance detection logic – as well as
undervoltage detection logic – can be controlled through ¨ Ratio Zbw/Zfw
selection of the operating mode. The following modes are
(Impedance in backward direction: Zbw
possible:
Impedance in forward direction: Zfw)
¨ Both the underimpedance and undervoltage detection
logic are disabled. ¨ Phase-to-ground resistance in forward direction:
Rfw P-G
¨ The underimpedance and undervoltage detection
functions evaluate only the decisions of the phase-to- ¨ Phase-to-phase resistance in forward direction:
ground loops, once these functions have been enabled Rfw P-P
by ground fault detection logic.
If, on the basis of the settings, the reach in the backward
¨ Ground fault detection brings about a switch from
direction is greater than 3 × Z nom , then the range is limited
phase-to-phase to phase-to-ground loops.
to 3 × Z nom ( Z nom = Vnom / I nom ).
If, as a special case, the following – contradictory –setting
combination has been selected, namely

¨ MAIN: Neutral-point treat(ment)

"Isol./reson. w/o start P-G" and

¨ START: Operat(ing) mode

“With V</Z< starting P-G",

then when ground starting SG occurs, the phase-to-phase

loops are always enabled. If no ground starting occurs,
then the undervoltage and underimpedance detection
functions are blocked.

All underimpedance detection measuring loops are

blocked when the trigger I>>> operates (see ‘Overcurrent
detection logic’). When overcurrent or undervoltage
detection logic operates, the corresponding measuring
loops are blocked phase-selectively.

If measurement is enabled, the loop impedance is

determined and compared to ascertain that it is within the
set impedance range. The loop impedance of the phase-
to-ground loops is determined, depending on the setting,
by using the ground current corrected by the set ground
factor kG or by using twice the phase current.

10 Characteristic of the underimpedance detection function

89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN 23
3 Operation
(continued)

11 Enabling underimpedance detection logic

12 Underimpedance detection logic

24 89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
3 Operation
(continued)
Fault Detection Logic
The fault detection logic links the phase-selective output
signals from
¨ Overcurrent detection logic (I>>)
¨ Ground fault detection logic
¨ Undervoltage detection logic (V<)
¨ Underimpedance detection logic (Z<)
to form common phase-selective starting decisions SA, SB,
SC and SN1. The decisions SA, SB and SC are combined to
form "distance protection starting" – and thus the
S T A R T : G e n e r a l s t a r t i n g signal. Ground starting
alone does not bring about general starting.
In the case of starting via overcurrent detection logic,
single-phase starting without ground may occur. In order
for the measured values for distance and directional
measurement to be properly selected even in this case,
either SN1 starting or starting in another phase must be
triggered as well. It is possible to specify whether in the
case of single-phase starting, SN1 starting will always be
tripped or whether – depending on the magnitude of the
phase currents – SN1 or starting in one phase shall be
transfer-tripped.
89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
¨ MAIN: Transfer for 1p
Ground
With single-phase overcurrent detection logic, SN1 is
started and transfer-tripped after the timer stage tIN>
has elapsed (see "ground fault detection logic" for
setting).
If starting changes from single-phase overcurrent
starting without ground to multi-phase starting or
single-phase-to-ground starting, starting occurs
instantaneously.
¨ MAIN: Transfer for 1p
P or G = f(IP,med , IP,max)
The decision as to whether starting in one phase or
SN1 starting will be tripped is derived from the ratio
IP,med / IP,max . The magnitude of the medium phase
current must be more than 2/3 the magnitude of the
maximum current so that the phase is transfer-tripped.
If the current with the medium-sized magnitude is
smaller, SN1 will be tripped after the timer stage tIN>
has elapsed.
If starting switches from single-phase overcurrent
starting without ground to multi-phase starting or
single-phase-to-ground starting, starting will be
instantaneous.
25
3 Operation
(continued)

13 Fault detection logic

26 89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
3 Operation
(continued)
3.3.2 Selection of Measured Variables
The PD 521 selects a measuring loop based on the
phase-selective fault detection decision and the selected
phase priority. The short-circuit impedance and fault
direction are determined from this measuring loop’s
voltage and current.
14 Selection of measured variables
89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
In the case of three-phase fault detection, either grounded
or ungrounded, the minimum voltage of the phase-to-
phase voltages and the associated phase-to-phase
current are selected as measured variables. In the case
of double-phase-to-ground fault detection, the set phase
priority is the determining factor for selecting the
measured variables.
27
3 Operation
(continued)

3.3.3 Distance and Directional Measurement If the condition is satisfied, the voltage memory is enabled.
The frequency condition is checked in cycles at intervals
The PD 521 determines the fault impedance and the fault of approximately 10 ms. As soon as the condition is no
direction on the basis of the selected measured variables. longer satisfied, the enable is canceled.
A voltage memory is available so that measurement will
function correctly, even with very low fault voltages. If the magnitude of the reference voltage drops below
0.65 Vnom or if “distance protection starting” occurs,
Voltage Memory synchronization of the voltage memory is terminated. The
voltage memory is then free-running and remains enabled
The voltage 1VA-B is the reference voltage for the voltage for 2 s.
memory. If the voltage exceeds the default value of
0.65 Vnom and if there is no "distance protection starting,"
then the voltage memory is synchronized.
Synchronization requires approximately 100 ms. Then a
check is carried out to determine whether the frequency
satisfies the following condition:

0.99 × fnom < f < 101

. × fnom .

15 Storage of reference voltage in memory

28 89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
3 Operation
(continued)
Angle Determination
When "distance protection starting" occurs, the angles jF
and jS are determined.
Angle jF is the fault angle that is determined using the
selected measuring voltage Vmeas and the selected
measuring current Imeas. In order for the fault angle jF to
also be reliably determined in the event of arcing faults,
only the fundamental wave of the measuring voltage is
used for angle measurement.
16 Angle determination
89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
Angle jS is determined on the basis of the voltage stored
in memory and the selected measuring current Imeas.
Since the frequency of the stored voltage can differ from
the nominal frequency, a phase correction must be made.
This correction is determined by the frequency deviation
and the time that has elapsed since synchronization was
terminated. Furthermore, an angle correction as a
function of the selected measuring loop and the M A I N :
R o t a r y f i e l d setting is necessary. The resulting
angle jX is used for further processing.
29
3 Operation
(continued)
For distance and directional measurement the following
angles are used – as a function of the magnitude of the
selected measuring voltage and the fault duration:
¨ the fault angle jF,
¨ the angle jX,
¨ the set angle a.
Directional Measurement
If the selected measuring voltage Vmeas is greater than
0.15 Vnom when the fault occurs, then the direction is
determined using the fault angle jF. In the case of a
measuring voltage of less than 0.15 Vnom, the
angle jX is used for directional determination. If the
voltage memory is not enabled, the angle jX cannot be
determined. In this case a check is made to determine
whether the measuring voltage Vmeas is in the range
200 mV < Vmeas < 0.15 Vnom. If this is not the case,
17 Directional measurement
30
direction is determined using the fault angle jF.
Directional determination using jX or jF is not possible if
the voltage memory is not enabled or if the measuring
voltage is less than 200 mV. In these cases the set
angle a is used for directional measurement, which means
that a decision is made in favor of the forward direction.
Angle for Directional Determination
V. memory 0.002 ×Vnom < V meas < 0.15 ×Vnom V meas < 0.002 ×Vnom
Enabled jX jX
Not enabled jF a
A decision is made for forward direction if the angle
selected for directional determination is in the range
-45 ° < j < +135 ° . In the case of angles outside this range
a decision is made for the backward direction.
89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
3 Operation
(continued)
Distance Measurement
For distance measurement, the user may select a
polygonal or circular characteristic by way of the setting
DIST : Char ac ter is tic .
18 Selecting the characteristic
19 Selecting the angle for the impedance calculation
89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
The angle that is used to calculate fault impedance is
selected according to the following criteria:
¨ If the measuring voltage Vmeas is greater than 0.15 Vnom
when the fault occurs, then fault angle jF is used to
calculate fault impedance.
¨ If the fault voltages are less than 0.15 Vnom and the
voltage memory is enabled, a check is made to
determine whether angles jF and jX are in the forward
direction (-45° < j < +135°).
n If both angles are in the same direction, either
forward or backward, then fault angle jF is selected
for distance measurement.
n If angle jF is in the forward direction and angle jX is
in the backward direction, then an angle of 180° + a
is specified for the calculation.
n If angle jX is in the forward direction and angle jF is
in the backward direction, the set angle a is used
for distance measurement.
31
3 Operation
(continued)

¨ If the voltage memory is not enabled, a check is made The impedance zones are determined by the following
to determine settings:

n whether the measuring voltage Vmeas is in the range ¨ Reactance X

200 mV < Vmeas < 0.15 Vnom. If so, fault angle jF is
selected for the impedance calculation; ¨ Resistance R, separately for phase-to-ground and
phase-to-phase loops
n whether the selected measuring voltage Vmeas is
less than 200 mV. If so, the set angle a is used for
¨ Angle a
the impedance calculation.
Using these settings in the R-X diagram we obtain the
The angle a can be set separately for the ‘polygon’
characteristic shown in Figure 21.
and ‘circle’ characteristics.

DIST : Charact erist ic “Polygon“

The fault impedance value ZF is determined using the

selected measuring quantities Vmeas and Imeas. By
multiplication by the cosine or sine of the angle selected
for distance measurement jZ, we then calculate the fault
resistance RF or fault reactance XF.

20 Impedance measurement with the polygonal characteristic

The calculated quantities RF and XF are compared with the

reference quantities Rref and Xref of the four impedance
zones. The reference quantities are determined using the 21 PD 521 impedance and directional characteristics
settings for determining the impedance zone(s). If both for the setting “Polygon“
quantities lie within the set impedance zone(s), a distance
decision is made for the corresponding zone(s). Example for: Xn = 6.5 9
Rn = 2.0 9
=n = 70°
n = 1 to 4

Dot-dash line: kze = 1.2

(adjustable in zone 1 only)

32 89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
3 Operation
(continued)
The resistances for phase-to-ground and phase-to-phase
loops can be set separately for each zone. The different
impedances are therefore compared with different
impedance characteristics.
In addition to the settings described above, the zone
extension factors kze can be set separately for phase-to-
ground (P-G) and phase-to-phase (P-P) loops for
impedance zone 1.
As a result of this setting, impedance zone 1 is extended
or reduced accordingly in the R and X directions. Thus
the R and X values modified by the zone extension
factor kze are calculated according to the following
formulas:
R1,kze = k ze × R1
X1,kze = kze × X1
22 Setting impedance zones 2 to 4 and distance measurement
89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
If, as a consequence of the settings kze, a wider reach
than 200 W at Inom = 1 A or 40 W at Inom = 5 A results in
R- or X-direction, then the reach is automatically limited to
200 W or 40 W, respectively.
The increase in reach by the zone extension factor
kze HSR is controlled by
¨ protective signaling (PSIG: Z o n e e x t . );
¨ switch on to fault protection
(S O T F : Z o n e e x t e n s i o n );
¨ an external signal
(D I S T : Z o n e e x t e n s i o n E X T ).
33
3 Operation
(continued)

23 Setting impedance zone 1 and distance measurement

34 89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
3 Operation
(continued)

DIST : Charact erist ic “Circle“

The fault impedance value ZF is determined using the

selected measuring quantities Vmeas and Imeas. If the setting
“Arc compensation: yes “ has been chosen then, for
angles of -45 ° < j Z < a and 135 ° < j Z < ( a + 180 ° ) , a
correction to the measured fault impedance is calculated
as follows:

ZF
Z F,corr =
1 + sin @

In the range -45 ° < j Z < a the following relation holds:

d = a - jZ

In the range 135 ° < j Z < ( a + 180 ° ) we have:

d = a - j Z + 180 °
24 PD 521 impedance and directional characteristics
for the setting “Circle“
The calculated impedance Z meas is compared with the
set impedance in the four impedance zones. If the Example for: n = 1 to 4
measured impedance is smaller than or equal to the set = = 60°
Nfw = forward direction
impedance, then a distance decision of the corresponding Nbw = backward direction
zone(s) is taken.
Dot-dash line: with arc compensation
In the R-X diagram, the characteristic shown in Figure 24 Dashed line: kze = 1.2 (adjustable in zone 1 only)
is obtained. If the characteristic were to be measured with
sine variables for the setting “Arc compensation: yes", the
dot-dashed line would be obtained.

25 Impedance measurement with the circular characteristic

89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN 35
3 Operation
(continued)

impedance zone 1. The impedances modified by the zone

extension factor kze are calculated as follows:

Z1,kze = kze × Z1

The increase in reach by the zone extension factor

kze HSR is controlled by

¨ protective signaling (PSIG: Z o n e e x t . );

¨ switch on to fault protection

26 Setting impedance zones 2 to 4 and distance measurement
(S O T F : Z o n e e x t e n s i o n );

¨ an external signal
(D I S T : Z o n e e x t e n s i o n E X T ).
In addition to the settings described above, the zone
extension factors kze can be set separately for phase-to-
ground (P-G) and phase-to-phase (P-P) loops for

27 Setting impedance zone 1 and distance measurement

36 89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
3 Operation
(continued)

3.3.4 Impedance-Time Characteristics
A maximum of four impedance zones and six timer stages
are available for impedance time grading. All impedance
zones can be operated in a forward direction, backward
direction, or non-directionally. The distance-independent
timer stage t5 can also operate forward-directionally,
backward-directionally or non-directionally. Timer stage t6
operates independently of distance and direction. All timer
stages are started by "distance protection starting." The
stage times are corrected by the inherent delay or operate
time of starting (approximately 30 ms).
Zone 4 can be utilized as a special zone by means of the
D I S T : Z o n e 4 setting. This makes it possible to
implement special characteristics for applications in cable
or line networks.
The "Distance trip" decision is reached for zones 1 to 4 if
the following criteria are satisfied simultaneously:
¨ A distance decision exists for the zone.
¨ The timer stage assigned to this impedance zone has
elapsed.
¨ The measured direction agrees with the directional
setting assigned to this impedance zone.
If several timer stages and directions are set to the same
values, a distance trip occurs in the zone with the highest
number.
The "Distance trip zone 5" decision is reached if the
following conditions are satisfied simultaneously:

When the D I S T : Z o n e 4 setting is "Normal", the ¨ Timer stage t5 has elapsed.

impedance zones, timer stages and directional settings
are assigned as follows: ¨ The measured direction agrees with the directional
setting for N5.
Impedance zone 1 Direction N1 t1
After timer stage t6 has elapsed, the "Distance trip zone 6"
decision is reached.
Impedance zone 2 Direction N2 t2
If protective signaling (PSIG) is used in the operating
Impedance zone 3 Direction N3 t3 modes Signal comparison blocking scheme or Signal
comparison pilot wire, a distance trip occurs instanta-
Impedance zone 4 Direction N4 t4 neously in zone 1 if the following conditions are satisfied
simultaneously:
Direction N5 t5
¨ There is a distance decision in zone 1.
t6
¨ The measured direction agrees with the directional
setting for N1.

89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN 37
3 Operation
(continued)

28 Time and directional settings

38 89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
3 Operation
(continued)

29 Formation of distance decisions, with zone 4 operating normally

89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN 39
3 Operation
(continued)

30 Examples of feasible impedance-time characteristics

40 89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
3 Operation
(continued)

Special Zones

¨ D I S T : Z o n e 4 "Section cable-line"
This setting is selected for a mixed cable-line section if
automatic reclosing will only be carried out if there is a
fault in the line area. In this case the cable must form
the front part of the transmission section and the line
the rear part.

Timer stage t1 and the N1 directional setting are

assigned to impedance zones 1 and 4. The setting for
timer stage t4 and the N4 directional setting are
inactive.

The "Distance trip Zone 1" or "Distance trip Zone 4"

decision is reached if the following conditions are
satisfied:

n A distance decision for zone 1 or zone 4 exists.

n The measured direction agrees with the direction 31 Example of a feasible impedance-time characteristic
set for N1.
n Timer stage t1 has elapsed.
In order for the PD 521 to determine the section in which
the fault is located, impedance zone 1 must be set for the
total length of the transmission section and impedance
zone 4 for the length of the cable. If a distance trip for
zones 1 and 4 occurs after t1 has elapsed, then the signal
DIST : Fault in c able r un is generated.

89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN 41
3 Operation
(continued)

32 Formation of distance decisions, impedance zone 4: cable

42 89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
3 Operation
(continued)

¨ D I S T : Z o n e 4 "Section line-cable"
This setting is selected in the case of a mixed line-
cable section if automatic reclosing will only be carried
out if there is a fault in the line area. In this case the
line must form the front part of the transmission section
and the cable the rear part.

Timer stage t1 and directional setting N1 are assigned

to impedance zones 1 and 4. The setting for timer
stage t4 and directional setting N4 are inactive.

The "Distance trip zone 1" or "Distance trip zone 4"

decision is reached if the following conditions are
satisfied:

n A distance decision for zone 1 or zone 4 exists.

n The measured direction agrees with the direction
set for N1.
n Timer stage t1 has elapsed.
33 Example of a feasible impedance-time characteristic
In order for the PD 521 to determine the section in which
the fault is located, impedance zone 1 must be set for the
total length of the transmission section and impedance
zone 4 for the length of the line. If a distance trip only
occurs in zone 1 after t1 has elapsed, then the signal
DIST : Fault in c able r un is generated.

89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN 43
3 Operation
(continued)

34 Formation of distance decisions, impedance zone 4: line

44 89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
3 Operation
(continued)
3.4 Measuring-Circuit Monitoring
The PD 521 monitors the phase currents and voltages for
balance during healthy system operation. If unbalance or
the lack of measuring voltage is detected, action is taken
to prevent the protection device from malfunctioning. The
monitoring signals issued in the event of a fault in the
measuring circuits are entered in the monitoring signal
35 Monitoring signals
89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
memory. If this is not desired, entry of the monitoring
signals in the monitoring signal memory can be disabled.
Ground starting results in a warning signal if at least one
phase-to-ground voltage is greater than 0.7 Vnom/Ö3.
Thereby, warnings for lines disconnected at both ends are
avoided in low-impedance-grounded systems where
capacitively coupled neutral-displacement voltages in
excess of VNG> may occur.
45
3 Operation
(continued)

Measuring circuit monitoring can be deactivated by the 1

appropriate setting. In the event of a fault, measuring I neg =
3
 IA + a 2 × IB + a × IC
circuit monitoring is blocked.
0

Monitoring the Current-Measuring Circuits a = e j 120

The current-measuring circuit monitoring function is
enabled when the current exceeds the value 0.125 × I nom in
at least one phase. Once monitoring is enabled, the
absolute value of the negative-sequence component of
the current system is determined in accordance with the
definition of the Symmetrical Components.
0
a 2 = e j 240
This value is divided by the maximum phase current
I P,max and compared to the set threshold operate value.
If the set threshold operate value is exceeded, a
monitoring signal is issued after 10.1 s. In addition, a
setting can be selected that will determine whether a trip
shall occur.

36 Monitoring the current-measuring circuits

46 89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
3 Operation
(continued)

Monitoring the Voltage-Measuring Circuits
The voltages used by distance protection as measured
variables are monitored by the voltage-measuring circuit
monitoring function for plausibility. However, this does not
replace the auxiliary contact of the voltage transformer
m.c.b., which is absolutely necessary in the case of
activated undervoltage and underimpedance starting.
Monitoring of the voltage-measuring circuits is based on
the following criteria:
If one of the monitoring functions described above
operates, then distance protection is blocked and the
device switches to backup overcurrent time protection – if
the appropriate setting was selected.
In addition, the monitoring signal “M O N : M e a s . v o l t .
O K ” is issued if all phase-to-phase voltages exceed the
default threshold of 0.65 × Vnom and negative-sequence
monitoring has not operated.
Monitoring Starting

¨ Monitoring the phase-to-phase voltages for voltages
that fall below the default threshold of 0.4 × Vnom . This
monitoring function is enabled when the phase current
is greater than 0.05 × I nom or for the “closed“ position of
the circuit breaker provided that MON: Meas . volt.
c irc uit is set to Vneg w. CB contact enabl.
If ground starting SG is present for more than 10 s without
phase starting, the following monitoring signal is issued:
M O N : M e a s u r i n g c i r c u i t s "Ground fault starting"
(see Figure 35).

¨ Monitoring the negative-sequence component of

phase-to-ground voltages in accordance with the
definition of the symmetrical components. Monitoring
is enabled when a phase-to-ground voltage exceeds
the default threshold of 0.7 × Vnom / 3 . In addition to
this criterion, a minimum current having the default
threshold setting of I > 0.05 × I nom or the closed position
of the circuit breaker can be used as enabling criteria.
If there is an enable, the absolute value of the
negative-sequence component of the voltage system is
determined in accordance with the definition of
symmetrical components.

Vneg =
1
3

× 1VA - G + a2 × 1VB - G + a × 1VC - G 
0
a = e j 120
0
a 2 = e j 240

This value is compared with the default threshold

operate value 0.2 × Vnom / 3 . If the threshold operate
value is exceeded, a monitoring signal is issued after
9.8 s.

89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN 47
3 Operation
(continued)

37 Monitoring the voltage-measuring circuit

48 89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
3 Operation
(continued)

3.5 Backup Overcurrent-Time Protection tI> is started. After the set time period has elapsed, a trip
(BUOC or Backup DTOC) signal is issued.

If there is a fault in the voltage-measuring circuit, distance
protection is blocked, since accurate impedance
measurement is not possible. Backup overcurrent time
protection is automatically activated – if set accordingly.
Backup overcurrent time protection is enabled if there is a
fault in the voltage-measuring circuit. It monitors the
phase currents for overcurrents exceeding the set values
I>. If a phase current exceeds the set value, timer stage
If the "Low impedance-grounding" setting has been
selected, the ground current 1IN is also monitored by the
settable trigger IN>, in addition to the phase currents. If
the ground current exceeds the set value, timer stage tIN>
is started. After the set time has elapsed, a trip signal is
issued.

38 Backup overcurrent time protection

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49
3 Operation
(continued)
3.6 Switch on to Fault Protection
When the circuit breaker is closed manually it is possible
to switch on to an existing fault. This is especially critical if
the line in the remote station is grounded since the
distance protection would not clear the fault until t2 had
elapsed. The fastest possible clearance is desirable in
this situation, however.
To guarantee rapid clearing with manual closing, the
manual close signal must be issued not only to the circuit
breaker but also to the PD 521. The manual close signal
39 Switch on to fault protection
50
is converted to an internal pulse. The pulse time can be
set. It is possible to specify whether the following shall
occur during operation of the timer stage:
¨ The appearance of general starting (see Section
“Tripping Logic” for a definition of general starting) shall
cause a trip (S O T F : T r i p a f t . m a n . c l o s e ).
or
¨ A zone extension of impedance zone 1 shall occur
(SOTF: Zone extension).
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3 Operation
(continued)
3.7 Protective Signaling
The reach of the first impedance zone of the distance
protection function is normally set for values less than
100%. Protective signaling is used to extend protection to
100% of the section. This is achieved by logical linking of
the signals that are transmitted by the remote station’s
protection device.
40 Protective signaling enable
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In order for protective signaling (PSIG) to function, the
following requirements must be satisfied:
¨ It must be activated.
¨ There must be no external block.
¨ There must be no transmission fault.
¨ The function PSIG : Rec eive EX T must be
configured to a binary signal input.
Protective signaling can be activated or deactivated from
the local control panel.
51
3 Operation
(continued)
Once protective signaling is ready, distance protection
timer stage t1 is blocked. A trip enable in distance
protection zone 1 is then issued after the protective
signaling tripping time has elapsed.
41 Protective signaling tripping time
A communication malfunction or failure leads to a
protective signaling block. If protective signaling is carried
out by a signal transmission or communication device, the
device’s fault signal can be connected. In the case of
protective signaling via pilot wires or in the operating mode
referred to as "reverse interlocking," an internal monitoring
function detects any fault in the communication channel.
Protective signaling can be operated in seven different
modes. The following operating modes require a signal
transmission device:
42 Transmission fault
52
¨ Direct transfer trip underreaching
¨ Permissive underreaching transfer tripping (PUTT)
¨ Zone extension
¨ Signal comparison release scheme
¨ Signal comparison blocking scheme
For operation in the mode referred to as "Signal compari-
son pilot wire," pilot wires are required for signal trans-
mission.
P S I G : O p e r a t i n g m o d e "Direct transfer trip
underreaching"
When there is a “Distance trip zone 1" a signal is sent to
the remote station’s protection device. Upon receipt of the
signal by the remote station, the remote station’s circuit
breaker is tripped.
P S I G : O p e r a t i n g m o d e "Permissive
underreaching transfer tripping (PUTT)”
With a "Distance trip zone 1" a signal is sent to the remote
station’s protection device. Upon receipt of the signal by
the remote station, the remote station’s circuit breaker is
transfer tripped as a function of starting.
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3 Operation
(continued)
P S I G : O p e r a t i n g m o d e "Zone extension"
With "Distance trip zone 1" a signal is sent to the remote
station’s protection device. Upon receipt of the
transmitted signal the measuring range of zone 1 in the
remote station is increased by the zone extension factor
kze HSR. If the fault lies within the extended zone, the
remote station’s protection device also decides in favor of
“Distance trip zone 1.”
43 Reaches with zone extension
(broken line: measuring range increased by the zone extension
factor kze HSR)
P S I G : O p e r a t i n g m o d e “Signal comparison
release scheme"
In the idle state the measuring range of zone 1 in both
protection devices is extended by the zone extension
factor kze HSR. The “Distance trip zone 1” of both
protection devices is blocked.
If distance protection starting begins and the fault lies in
the forward direction, a signal is sent to the remote station.
In the event of a fault, both protection devices measure by
using the normal measuring range and the range
extended by the zone extension factor kze HSR. A trip
enable is issued if one of the following conditions is
satisfied after the distance protection timer stage t1 has
elapsed:
¨ The fault lies within the non-extended measuring
range.
¨ The fault lies within the extended measuring range and
a transmitted signal is received by the remote station.
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44 Zone reaches with the release scheme
(broken line: measuring range extended by the zone extension
factor kze HSR)
If both zone extension factors (kze P-G HSR and
kze P-P HSR) are set at a value of "1.0," a trip enable is
issued only if the second of the conditions given above is
satisfied.
In the event of a change in direction the received signal is
ignored for 80 ms (“transient blocking”) so that false
tripping will not occur in double line protection.
P S I G : O p e r a t i n g m o d e "Signal comparison
blocking scheme"
In the idle state the measuring range of zone 1 in both
protection devices is extended by the zone extension
factor kze HSR. The “Distance trip zone 1” of both
protection devices is enabled.
If distance protection starting begins and the fault lies in
the backward direction, a signal is sent to the remote
station.
In the event of a fault, both protection devices measure by
using the normal measuring range and the range
extended by the zone extension factor kze HSR. A
“Distance trip zone 1” can be issued instantaneously (t0)
with the normal reach. The “Distance trip zone 1” is
blocked if the following conditions are satisfied
simultaneously after distance protection timer stage t1 has
elapsed:
¨ The fault lies within the extended measuring range.
¨ A transmitted signal is received by the remote station.
53
3 Operation
(continued)
45 Zone reaches with the blocking scheme
(broken line: measuring range extended by the zone extension
factor kze HSR)
If both zone extension factors (kze P-G HSR and
kze P-P HSR) are set at a value of "1.0," a trip is only
possible after t1 has elapsed.
P S I G : O p e r a t i n g m o d e "Signal comparison
pilot wire"
To form the communication link it is necessary to connect
either the break contact or the make contact of the
transmitting relay, depending on the transmitting relay
mode selected (Transm. relay make contact or Transm.
relay break contact), to the P S I G : R e c e i v e E X T
input of the remote station by means of pilot wires.
In the idle state there is a received signal in both
protection devices (DC loop closed), and the measuring
range of zone 1 is extended by the zone extension factor
46 Protective signaling via pilot wires
54
kze HSR. The “Distance trip zone 1” of both protection
devices is enabled.
If distance protection starting begins and a fault lies in the
backward direction or if the overcurrent starting originates
from the distance protection starting, then a signal is sent
to the remote station without delay.
In the event of a fault both protection devices measure by
using the normal measuring range and the measuring
range extended by the zone extension factor kze HSR. A
“Distance trip zone 1” can be issued instantaneously (t0)
with the normal reach. The “Distance trip zone 1” is
blocked if the following conditions are satisfied simultane-
ously after distance protection timer stage t1 has elapsed:
¨ The fault lies within the extended measuring range.
¨ A transmitted signal is received by the remote station.
If both zone extension factors (kze P-G HSR and
kze P-P HSR) are set at a value of "1.0," a trip is only
possible after t1 has elapsed.
The pilot wires are monitored for interruptions. If, during
fault-free operation, that is, when there is no distance
protection starting, no signal is received by the remote
station for a period longer than the set transmitted signal
reset time plus 600 ms, then a P S I G : T e l e c o m .
f a u l t y signal (see Figure 42) is issued, and protective
signaling is blocked.
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3 Operation
(continued)

P S I G : O p e r a t i n g m o d e "Reverse interlocking"

In radial networks with infeed from a single end it is

possible under certain conditions for busbar protection to
be configured by sampling the starting of feeder protection
devices. By means of appropriate interconnection, a send
signal is then formed when a feeder protection device
starts. The receipt of this signal by the PD 521 blocks the
“Distance trip zone 1.” The blocking signal reset is
delayed by approximately 80 ms.

The pilot wires are monitored. If a received signal is

48 Zone extension by protective signaling
present for more than 10 s without any distance protection
starting, then the distance trip zone 1 block is canceled. A
new block cannot occur until the received signal has
dropped out.

47 Reverse interlocking

49 P S I G : R e c e i v e & g e n e r a l s t a r t i n g signal

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3 Operation
(continued)

50 Trip enable by protective signaling

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3 Operation
(continued)

51 PSIG send

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3 Operation
(continued)
Echo Function
It is possible to select "without or with" echo on receive.
This setting is only active in the following modes:
¨ PUTT (permissive underreaching transfer trip)
¨ Zone extension
¨ Signal comparison release scheme
¨ Signal comparison blocking scheme
If the "with" echo setting is selected, a signal is sent to the
remote station if the received signal is present for more
than 50 ms and no “distance protection starting” is active.
52 Testing protective signaling and the echo function
58
The further transmission of a received signal as a send
signal is then blocked for 20 s. This prevents a
permanent signal from being transmitted.
Testing the Communication Channel
The communication link can be tested. For this purpose a
500 ms send signal is issued through a binary signal input
or the integrated local control panel. The remote station
receives this signal if the transmission section is OK.
In the mode referred to as "Direct transfer trip underreach"
no test is possible, since a received signal will immediately
lead to a “Trip” in the remote station. Likewise, testing is
not possible with the "Reverse interlocking" setting.
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3 Operation
(continued)
3.8 Circuit Breaker Failure Protection
Circuit breaker failure protection is activated by a general
trip command from the PD 521 or – when a general
starting state exists – through an appropriately configured
binary signal input. After the settable time period
C B F : t C B F has elapsed, the fault must be cleared.
Otherwise it can be assumed that the circuit breaker has
failed. In this case the C B F : C B f a i l u r e signal is
issued.
53 Circuit breaker failure protection
54 Switching from steady-state power to steady-state current evaluation
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3.9 Ground Fault Direction Determination Using
Steady-State Values
Ground fault direction determination using steady-state
values requires the neutral-point displacement voltage -
formed from the three phase-to-ground voltages - and the
ground current as measured variables. A special
transformer is provided in the PD 521 for the residual
current. The current transformer is designed specifically
for this application so that it has a low phase-angle error.
When there is a trip of the voltage transformer circuit
breaker, ground faults can be determined by steady-state
evaluation of the ground current. The user can specify
whether both ground current and displacement voltage will
be evaluated (steady-state power) or if only the ground
current will be evaluated (steady-state current). The
switch from steady-state power evaluation to steady-state
current evaluation can also be carried out through a binary
signal input – given appropriate configuration.
When switching from steady-state power to steady-state
current evaluation or vice versa, the outputs of the non-
active function are blocked.
If the system frequency is set to 60 Hz, ground fault
direction determination using steady-state values
(GFDSS) is blocked.
59
3 Operation
(continued)

3.9.1 Steady-State Power Evaluation requires the neutral-point displacement voltage 1VN-G and
the ground current 2IN.
In order to detect the ground fault direction, ground fault
direction determination by steady-state power evaluation

55 Connection of ground fault direction determination by steady-state power evaluation

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3 Operation
(continued)
The settable frequency f0 is filtered out from these
quantities using Fourier analysis. Three periods are used
for analysis if the setting selected for the timer stage
G F D S S : t V N - G > is greater than 60 ms. This means
that typical ripple control frequencies are suppressed in
addition to all integer-frequency harmonics. If the timer
stage has been set at values less than 60 ms, only one
period is used for filtering purposes.
56 Direction determination
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Measurement is enabled after timer stage t V N - G > has
elapsed; this module is started by the trigger VN-G>.
Depending on the operating mode selected – either
cos phi circuit or sin phi circuit – the sign of active power
(G F D S S : O p e r a t i n g m o d e cos phi circuit ) or
reactive power (G F D S S : O p e r a t i n g m o d e sin phi
circuit ) is used. Connection of the measuring circuits is
taken into account by the setting G F D S S : C o n n e c t .
m eas . c ir c . With the standard (forward) connection
(see Figure 55) a decision for "LS" is reached in the case
of a ground fault on the line side and "BS" in the case of a
ground fault on the busbar side.
61
3 Operation
(continued)

G F D S S : O p e r a t i n g m o d e "cos phi circuit" GFDSS: Operating mode "sin phi circuit“

The direction decision is not enabled until the following
additional conditions are satisfied: the active component
of the ground current 2IN exceeds the set value, and the
phase displacement between ground current 2IN and
neutral-point displacement current 1VN-G is smaller than
the set sector angle. The sector angle makes it possible
to extend the “dead zone” to take into account the
expected phase-angle errors of the measured variables.
With these settings the characteristic shown in Figure 57
can be realized.
The direction decision is enabled if the reactive
component of current 2IN has also exceeded the set
threshold operate value. With these settings the
characteristic shown in Fig 58 can be realized.
Output of the direction decisions is operate- and reset-
delayed.

Output of the direction decisions is operate- and reset-

delayed.

57 Characteristic of ground fault direction determination by steady- 58 Characteristic of ground fault direction determination by steady-
state power evaluation, operating mode cos j state power evaluation, operating mode sin j

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3 Operation
(continued)

59 Output of direction decisions

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3 Operation
(continued)

Counting the Ground Faults 3.9.2 Steady-State Current Evaluation

The number of ground faults and direction decisions is
counted. The counters can be reset at the address at
which they are displayed by pressing the enter key (E)
twice.
The settable frequency f0 is filtered out of the ground
current 2IN using Fourier analysis. Three periods are
used for steady-state current evaluation. If the current
exceeds the set threshold value, then a ground fault signal
is issued after the set operate delay has elapsed.

60 Counting the ground faults

61 Evaluation of ground current 2IN

GFD: Determination of ground fault direction by steady-state power evaluation
GF: Ground fault detection by steady-state current evaluation

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3 Operation
(continued)

Counting the Ground Faults 3.9.3 Ground Fault Data Acquisition

The number of ground faults is counted. The counter can The PD 521 stores the following measured ground fault
be reset at the address at which it is displayed by pressing data:
the enter key (E) twice.
¨ Ground fault duration

¨ Ground current IN

¨ With steady-state power evaluation:

n Active or reactive component of ground current

n Neutral-point displacement voltage VN-G

¨ With steady-state current evaluation:

n Filtered ground current

62 Counting the ground faults

Resetting the Counters

The counters can be reset both individually at the address

at which they are displayed and as a group.

63 General counter reset

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3 Operation
(continued)

Acquisition of Ground Fault Duration ¨ Steady-state current evaluation:

¨ Steady-state power evaluation:
Ground fault duration is defined as the time between
operation and dropout of the VN-G> trigger. However,
there is only a time output after the end of a ground
fault if the VN-G> trigger operated at least for the set
time tVN-G>. After tVN-G> has elapsed, the display of
the ground fault duration of the last ground fault is
automatically cleared and the symbol for “no value
measured” (....) is displayed. Once the VN-G> trigger
has dropped out, the newly measured value is
displayed.
Ground fault duration is defined as the time between
operation and dropout of the IN> trigger. However,
there is only a time output after the end of a ground
fault if the IN> trigger operated at least for the duration
of the set operate delay (G F D S S : O p e r a t e
d e l a y I N ). After the operate delay has elapsed, the
display of the ground fault duration of the last ground
fault is automatically cleared and the symbol for “no
value measured” (....) is displayed. Once the IN>
trigger has dropped out, the newly measured value is
displayed.

64 Measurement and storage of ground fault duration, steady-state power evaluation

65 Measurement and storage of ground fault duration, steady-state current evaluation

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3 Operation
(continued)

Acquisition of Ground Current

If the steady-state current evaluation function is active,

then the unfiltered and filtered ground currents at the point
when the operate delay elapses are stored. If the steady-
state power evaluation option of ground fault direction
determination has been activated, then the ground current
flowing at the point when timer stage tVN-G> elapses is
stored in memory. In addition, the active or reactive
component of the ground current at the time of the
direction decision output is also stored. All measured data
are output as per-unit quantities referred to the nominal
current Inom of the protection device.

Acquisition of Neutral-Point Displacement Voltage

The voltage 1VN-G is only acquired if the steady-state

power evaluation function of ground fault direction
determination has been activated. The voltage that is
present at the point when timer stage tVN-G> elapses is
stored in memory.

Resetting the Measured Data

The measured values are reset together as a group. It is 66 Storing the measured ground fault data
possible to specify whether resetting shall be done
together with the LED indicators. After resetting, the
symbol for “no value measured” (....) appears in the value
display.

67 Resetting the measured ground fault data

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3 Operation
(continued)

3.10 Starting Signals and Tripping Logic
The distance protection and backup overcurrent time
protection starting signals are linked to form common
starting signals. The number of general starting signals
(GS) is counted.
The following signals of the protection device are
combined to form common trip signals and trip
commands:
¨ Distance trips for zones 1 to 6
¨ START: Trip VN-G>>

¨ MON: Trip by Ineg

¨ BUOC: Tripping signal

¨ SOTF: Trip after manual close

If the PD 521 is operating with protective signaling, then a

zone 1 trip can be issued by protective signaling in the
"Direct transfer trip underreach" and "PUTT (Permissive
underreaching transfer tripping)" operating modes. In all
other protective signaling modes an enable must be
issued by protective signaling. If protective signaling is not
ready, then the zone 1 distance trip is automatically
enabled.

The trip signals are present only as long as the conditions

for the signal are satisfied.

If a general starting condition exists, then a non-delayed,

three-pole "starting trip" can occur by triggering an
appropriately configured binary signal input.

A trip command can be issued not only by the protection

function but also through a control parameter (address
03 40) or an appropriately configured binary signal input,
in which case it is issued for 100 ms.
68 Starting signals
The trip commands can be blocked by a control parameter
(address 21 12) or an appropriately configured binary
signal input. The trip signals are not affected by the block.
If trips are blocked this is indicated by a steady light at
yellow LED indicator H3 on the local control panel and by
output relay K8 if configured accordingly.

The phase-selective trip commands, the general trip

command and the final trip are counted. The counters
can be reset either individually or as a group.

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3 Operation
(continued)

69 Tripping logic

70 Counting the trip commands

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3 Operation
(continued)

3.11 Pass-Through Functions mode can be set. The user can choose between the
following modes:
The PD 521 distance protection device offers the
possibility of collecting external binary signals for the
purpose of indicating and recording them during a fault. ¨ Operate-delayed
The protection functions are not affected by these pass-
through functions. ¨ Passing make contact

Input 1 for the freely configurable pass-through functions ¨ Passing break contact
triggers a settable timer stage. The timer stage operating

71 Pass-through functions

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Operation
(continued)

3.12 Overcurrent Signal

The PD 521 offers the possibility of monitoring the phase

currents for values that exceed a settable value. If the set
value is exceeded in a phase, a signal will be issued after
the set time period has elapsed.

72 Overcurrent signal

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3 Operation
(continued)
3.13 Operating Data Measurement
The PD 521 displays the following measured operating
data:
¨ Phase currents for all three phases
¨ Ground current IN, which is either calculated from the
three phase currents or, if ground fault direction
determination using steady state values is active, is the
current measured by the PD 521’s T4 transformer.
¨ Active or reactive current, determined by steady-state
power evalution (see Section “Ground Fault Direction
Determination Using Steady-State Values”).
¨ Phase-to-ground and phase-to-phase voltages on the
line side
¨ Neutral-point displacement voltage
¨ Filtered ground current IN, determined by steady-state
current evaluation (see Section “GF Evaluation
(Ground Fault)“)
72
¨ Active and reactive power
¨ Active power factor
¨ Load angle j in all three phases
¨ Frequency
The measured values for current, voltage and power are
displayed both as referred to the nominal quantities of the
PD 521 and as primary quantities. In order for these
quantities to be displayed as primary values, the primary
nominal current of the current transformer or the nominal
transformation ratio multiplied by the nominal device
current and the primary nominal voltage of the voltage
transformer must be set in the PD 521.
The measured data are updated at 1 s intervals. Updating
is interrupted if a general starting state occurs.
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3 Operation
(continued)

73 Current and voltage operating data

89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN 73
3 Operation
(continued)

The active and reactive power and the active power factor
are determined when currents and voltages in all three
phases are within the acceptable measuring range.
Current measuring range: 0.05 × Inom < I < 5 × Inom
Voltage measuring range: 0.1 × Vnom < V < 2 × Vnom
The load angles are only determined when the associated
phase current and the associated phase-to-ground voltage
are within the acceptable measuring ranges (see the
ranges given above).
If the values are outside the measuring ranges, a symbol
for “overrange” (-..-) is displayed. If values cannot be
updated or determined, a symbol for “value not
determined” (....) appears.

74 Measured operating data: load angle, power and active power factor

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3 Operation
(continued)

3.14 Fault Recording

A fault exists and therefore fault recording begins if at

least one of the following signals is present:

¨ START: General starting (address 36 00)

¨ S T A R T : VN-G>> triggered, if the setting is yes for Trip

tVN-G>>

¨ MAIN: General trip signal (address 36 05)

¨ MAIN: General trip command

(address 36 71)

¨ PSIG: Receive & gen. start

(address 37 29)

¨ FREC: Trigger

The faults are counted (address 04 20) and identified by

serial number. In addition, the date of each fault is also
assigned by the internal clock and stored. The internal
clock also assigns the absolute time to a fault’s individual
start or end signals. The date and time assigned to a fault
when the fault begins can be read out from the signal
memory on the local control panel or through the PC and
ILSA interfaces. The time information assigned to the
signals can be called up only through the PC or ILSA
interfaces.

The fault recordings are stored in non-volatile memory. 75 Fault counting and time tagging

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3 Operation
(continued)
The fault records can be erased in different ways. The
following mechanisms are available:
¨ Automatic resetting of the fault signals indicated by
LED indicators and of the measured fault data
displayed at the appropriate addresses whenever a
new fault occurs.
¨ Resetting of LED indicators and measured fault data
on the local control panel by pressing the reset key (R)
on the panel.
76 Resetting
76
¨ Area-specific resetting, such as only the signal
memory, for example, through addresses on the local
control panel or appropriately configured binary signal
inputs.
¨ General reset.
In the first two cases listed above only the displays on the
local control panel are cleared but not internal memories
such as the signal memory.
In the event of a cold restart, for example by control via
address 00 85, all stored signals and values will be lost.
89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
3 Operation
(continued)

3.14.1 Fault Logging 3.14.2 Measured Fault Data

Protection signals during a fault, including the signals When there is a fault in the network the PD 521
during the settable pre-fault and post-fault times, are determines the following measured fault data:
logged in chronological order with reference to the specific
fault. A total of five faults, each involving a maximum of ¨ Operating time (duration)
64 start or end signals, can be stored in a non-volatile ring
memory -- the signal memory. After five faults have been ¨ Fault current
logged the oldest fault log will be overwritten, unless faults
have been erased in the interim. If more than 64 start or ¨ Fault voltage
end signals have occurred during a single fault, then
“Signal mem. overflow” (address 35 01) will be entered as ¨ Fault impedance
the last signal. If time and date are changed during the
pre-fault time, the signal FREC: F aulty tim e tag is ¨ Fault reactance in percent of line reactance and in W
generated.
¨ Fault angle
In addition to the fault signals, the measured fault data are
also entered in the signal memory. ¨ Fault distance
The fault logs can be read on the local control panel or ¨ Ground fault current
through the PC or ILSA interfaces.
¨ Ground fault angle

The operating time is defined as the time between the

starting and ending of the general starting state generated
in the PD 521.

78 Operating time

77 Signal memory

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3 Operation
(continued)
The fault must last for at least 60 ms so that the fault data
can be determined.
The fault data are determined using the measured
variables Imeas and Vmeas selected by the distance
protection function, if the fault is detected by distance
protection. A phase current is selected as the fault current
in accordance with the selected measuring loop. In the
case of multi-phase starting this is the current of the
leading phase in the cycle. If the measuring-circuit voltage
Vmeas < 200 mV, the set angle a is used to determine the
fault reactance. The set angle a is then also displayed as
the fault angle. The primary short-circuit reactance is
calculated from the per unit short-circuit reactance using
the set primary nominal current and voltage transformer
data.
The ground fault data are only determined if a phase-to-
ground loop has been selected for measurement by the
distance protection function. The geometric sum of the
three phase currents is displayed as the fault current. The
ground fault angle is the phase displacement between
ground fault current and selected measuring voltage.
If the fault is detected by the backup overcurrent time
protection function, then only the fault current can be
determined. The maximum phase current is displayed.
The F L O C : S t a r t d e t e r m i n a t i o n setting
determines the actual time during a fault when the fault
data are determined and whether output of fault location
shall take place. The following settings are possible:
78
¨ FLOC: Start determination
Fault end
Determination at the end of the fault. The measured
F L O C : F a u l t l o c a t i o n value is output.
¨ FLOC: Start determination
Fault end / trip during t1)
Determination at the end of the fault. Output of the
measured “F L O C : F a u l t l o c a t i o n ” value only
occurs if a trip occurred in distance protection zone 1.
¨ FLOC: Start determination
Trip or trigger
Determination when a trip starts or a correspondingly
configured signal input is triggered. Output of the
measured F L O C : F a u l t l o c a t i o n value only
occurs if a trip occurred or if the binary signal input was
triggered. If neither a trip was issued nor the binary
signal input was triggered, the fault values are stored at
the end of the general starting state. There is then no
output of fault location.
In order for the fault location to be determined in percent
of line length and in km, the value of the line reactance –
100% of which corresponds to the line section being
monitored – and the value of the corresponding line length
in km must be set in the PD 521.
Fault current and voltage are displayed as per-unit
quantities referred to Inom and Vnom. If the measured or
calculated values are outside the permissible measuring
range, the “overrange” indication (-..-) appears.
Permissible current measuring range: I £ 100 × Inom
Permissible voltage measuring range: V £ 2 × Vnom
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3 Operation
(continued)

79 Determination of fault data

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3 Operation
(continued)

In addition to the fault data, the following load data are
determined upon dropout of distance protection starting:
¨ Load impedance
¨ Load angle
¨ Ground current
The same measuring loop used to determine fault
impedance is used to determine load impedance and load
angle. The load current and the voltage must exceed the
thresholds 0.1 × Inom and 0.1 × Vnom , respectively, in order
for the load data to be determined. If the thresholds are
not reached or if distance protection starting does not last
as long as 60 ms, the symbol for “not measured” (....) is
displayed.
After the reset key (R) on the local control panel is
pressed, the symbol for “not measured” (....) is displayed
at the respective addresses. However, the values are not
erased and can continue to be read out through the PC
and ILSA interfaces.

80 Determination of load data

3.14.3 Fault Data Acquisition recording before and after the fault can be set. A
maximum time period of 4.35 s / 3.33 s (including the pre-
The phase currents and the phase-to-ground voltages are fault and post-fault recording times) is available for
recorded before, during and after a fault. The times for recording if the nominal frequency is 50 Hz / 60 Hz..

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3 Operation
(continued)

If the maximum recording time of 4.35 s (or 3.33 s) is
exceeded, the analog values for the oldest fault are
overwritten, but not the binary values. If more than five
faults have occurred since the last reset, then all data for
the oldest fault are overwritten.
The analog data of the fault record can only be read out
through the PC or ILSA interfaces. When the analog data
are sampled the neutral displacement voltage VN-G is
calculated from the phase-to-ground voltages and the
ground current IN is calculated from the phase currents.

Fault recording can also be started manually from the

When the supply voltage is interrupted or after a warm
local control panel or externally through a binary signal
restart, the values of the last fault remain stored.
input.

81 Fault recording

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3 Operation
(continued)

3.15 Self-Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis
Comprehensive monitoring routines in the PD 521
distance protection device ensure that internal faults are
detected and do not lead to malfunctions of the protection
system.
If at least one entry is stored in the monitoring signal
memory, this fact is signaled by the red LED indicator H1
on the local control panel. Each new entry is indicated by
a flashing light. The combined signal for all warnings may
also be issued via an output relay. The output relay
responds as long as an internal fault is detected.

After the supply voltage has been turned on, various tests
are carried out to verify full operability of the PD 521. The
local control panel display shows which test is currently
being run. If the PD 521 detects a fault in one of the tests,
then startup is terminated. The display shows which test
was running when termination occurred. No control
actions may be carried out. A new attempt to start up the
PD 521 can only be initiated by turning the supply voltage
off and then on again.

After startup has been successfully completed, cyclic self-

monitoring tests will be run during operation. In the event
of a positive test result, a specified monitoring signal will
be issued and stored in a non-volatile memory – the
monitoring signal memory – along with the assigned date
and time. A listing of all possible entries in this monitoring
signal memory is given in the address list (see Appendix
C). The memory depth allows for a maximum of 30
entries. If more than 29 monitoring signals occur without
interim memory clearance, the M O N : M o n i t o r s i g .
m e m o r y signal “Overflow” (address 90 12, value 9) is
entered as the last entry.
82 “Warning” signal
The number of entries stored in the monitoring signal
memory can be determined by reading the M O N : N o .
o f m o n . s i g n a l s counter (address 04 19). The
monitoring signal memory can only be cleared manually
by a control action. Entries in the monitoring signal
memory are not cleared automatically even if the
corresponding test has a negative outcome in a new test
cycle. The contents of the monitoring signal memory can
be read from the local control panel or through the PC or
ILSA interface. The time information assigned to the
individual entries can be retrieved via the PC or ILSA
interface only.

83 Monitoring signal memory

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3 Operation
(continued)

The response of the PD 521 to monitoring signals takes

one of the following forms depending on the signal.

¨ Signaling Only
If there is no malfunction associated with the
monitoring signal, then only a signal is issued, and
there are no further consequences. This situation
exists, for example, when internal data acquisition
memories overflow.

¨ Selective Blocking
84 “Blocked/faulty” signal
If a fault is diagnosed solely in an area that does not
affect the protective function, then only the affected
area is blocked. This would apply, for example, to the
detection of a fault on the ILSA bus interface module or
in the area of the PC interface. 3.16 Serial Interfaces

¨ Warm Restart The PD 521 has a PC interface as standard component.

If the self-monitoring function detects a fault that might The ILSA interface is optional. Both interfaces allow
be eliminated by a system restart, for example a fault setting and readout.
in the hardware, then a procedure called a warm
restart is automatically initiated. During this procedure, When tests are run on the PD 521 it is advisable to
as with any startup, the computer system is reset to a activate the test mode (address 03 12 or binary signal
defined state. A warm restart is characterized by the input) so that the PC or the control system evaluates all
fact that no stored data and, in particular, no setting incoming signals accordingly.
parameters are affected by the procedure. A warm
restart can also be triggered manually by control
action. During a warm restart sequence the protective
function and communication through serial interfaces
will be blocked. If the same fault is detected after a
warm restart has been triggered by the self-monitoring
system, then the protective function remains blocked
but communication through the serial interfaces will
usually be possible again.

¨ Cold Restart
If a corrupted parameter subset is diagnosed in the
checksum test during self-monitoring, then a cold
restart is carried out. This is necessary because the 85 Setting the test mode
protection device cannot identify the corrupt parameter
within the set. A cold restart has the result that all
internal memories are returned to a defined state.
After a cold restart, this means that all settings of the
protection device have been discarded. The default
settings as found in the address list in the column
headed “Default” apply instead (see Appendix C). In
order to establish a safe initial state, the default values
have been selected so that the protective function is
blocked. Both the monitoring signal that triggered the
cold restart and the value indicating parameter loss
(address 90 28) are entered in the monitoring signal
memory.

If the protective function is blocked, the condition is

signaled with a steady light by the yellow LED indicator H3
on the local control panel or, if desired, via an output relay
configured accordingly.

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3 Operation
(continued)

3.16.1 PC Interface An FPC operating program is available as an accessory

for PD 521 control.
Communication with a PC is via the PC interface. In order
for data transfer between the PD 521 and the PC to
function, several settings must be made in the PD 521.

86 PC interface settings

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3 Operation
(continued)

3.16.2 ILSA Interface
Communication between the PD 521 and the control
station’s computer is via the ILSA interface. The interface
protocol complies with IEC 60870-5-103 ‘Transmission
Protocols - Companion Standard for the Informative
Interface of Protection Equipment, First edition, 1997-12’.
In order for data transfer to function properly, several
settings must be made at the PD 521.
The ILSA interface can be blocked through a binary signal
input. Moreover, a signal or measured-data blocking can
also be imposed via a binary signal input.

87 ILSA interface settings

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4 Design
The PD 521 is mounted in an aluminium case.
Connection is via threaded terminal ends. The case is
suitable for either wall surface or flush panel mounting.
The angle brackets and connector blocks are adjustable
for mounting in the chosen configuration.
Figures 88 and 89 show the case dimensions and fixture
positions. For flush mounting, a cover frame is available
(see Installation and Connection).
Regardless of the design version, the PD 521 – as the
other device types of the ILS-P system – is equipped with
a standard local control panel. In order to protect the
device according to the specified degree of protection, the
local control panel is covered with a tough film. In addition
to the essential control and indication elements, a parallel
display consisting of a total of 8 LED indicators is also
incorporated into the local control panel. The meaning of
the various displays is shown in plain text on a label strip.
88 Dimensional drawing of the PD 521 in wall surface mounting configuration, -X7 and -X8 or -X9 are optional (dimensions in mm)
86
The label strip is located in a pocket accessible from the
rear of the front panel. It can be replaced by user-specific
labels. A further label strip lists the addresses for
operation-related protection information and can also be
replaced by a strip with customized labeling. The
processor module with the local control module is
attached to the reverse side of the removable front plate
and connected to the I/O module via a ribbon cable.
The I/O module incorporates the power supply, the input
transformers and the power supply converters as well as
eight output relays and two optical couplers for binary
signals.
The serial interface -X6 for parameter setting via a PC is
set into the front panel.
The optional ILSA interface -X7 and -X8 or -X9 (Order
extension number -302 and up) is located on the
underside of the case.
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4 Design
(continued)

89 Dimensional drawing of the PD 521 in flush panel mounting configuration, -X7 and -X8 or -X9 are optional (dimensions in mm)

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5 Installation and Connection
5.1 Unpacking and Packing
The PD 521 is packaged separately in its own carton and
shipped inside outer packaging. Use special care when
opening the cartons and unpacking the equipment, and do
not use force. In addition, make sure to remove from the
inside carton the Supporting Documents supplied with
each individual device.
The design revision level of each module included with the
device in its as-delivered condition can be determined
from the list of modules provided in the ‘Assembly List’
supplied with the device (see ‘Components/Modules’).
This list should be carefully saved.
After unpacking the equipment, inspect it visually for
sound mechanical condition after transportation.
If the PD 521 is to be shipped, both inner and outer
packaging must be used. If the original packaging is no
longer available, make sure that packaging conforms to
DIN ISO 2248 specifications for a drop height £ 0.8 m.
5.2 Checking Nominal Data and Design Type
The PD 521 nominal data and design type can be
determined by consulting the type identification label (see
Figure 90). The type label is located on the underside of
the unit and on the lower side face in front of the terminal
strip. The type label is also affixed to the outside of the PD
521 packaging.
PD 521 Schaltbild/diagram 89521.401
P 89521-0-XXXXXXX-302-401-602
Unom=100 V AC Inom=
UE,nom=24V..250VDC UH,nom=24 ... 60 V DC / 110 ... 250 V DC, 100 ... 230 V AC
F 6.XXXXXX.X AEG-Nr.
Vorschrift / specification DIN EN 60255-6 2kV (III)
90 PD 521 type identification label
The factory setting for the nominal auxiliary voltage VA,nom
(‘UH,nom ’) is underlined on the type identification label. The
nominal input voltage Vin,nom (‘UE,nom ’) is also shown on
the label.
From the Order No. (89521-0-...), the design version of
the PD 521 can be derived using the key given in
Chapter 14 and in the Supporting Documents.
With the auxiliary voltage on, identification via the built-in
display is also possible. After selecting the addresses
given in Section ‘Device Identification’ in the Appendix C
to this manual, the corresponding information is displayed.
88
5.3 Location Requirements
The PD 521 has been designed to conform to the
standard EN 60255-6. Therefore when choosing the
installation location it is important to make sure that it
provides the conditions specified in the Technical Data
(see Chapter 2). Several important conditions are listed
below.
Climatic Conditions
¨ Ambient temperature: - 5 to + 55°C
¨ Air pressure: 800 to 1100 hPa
¨ Relative humidity:
45 to 75 % (annual mean),
up to 56 days at £ 95% and 40°C.
The relative humidity must not result in the formation of
either condensed water or ice in the PD 521.
¨ Ambient air:
The ambient air must not be significantly polluted by
dust, smoke, gases or vapors, or salt.
Mechanical Conditions
¨ Vibration stress: 10 to 60 Hz, 0.035 mm
and 60 to 150 Hz, 0.5 g
¨ Earthquake resistance: 5 to 8 Hz, 3.5/1.5 mm and
2
8 to 35 Hz, 10/5 m/s
CE Electrical Conditions for Auxiliary DC Voltage for the
XX.XX Power Supply
fnom=50/60Hz
¨ Operating range:
0.8 to 1.1 VA,nom with a residual ripple of up to 12%
VA,nom
Made in Germany
Electromagnetic Conditions
Appropriate measures taken in substations must
correspond to the state of the art (see, for example, the
VDEW ring binder entitled "Schutztechnik" [Protective
Systems], Section 8: "Recommendations for Measures to
Reduce Transient Overvoltage in Secondary Lines in High
Voltage Substations,” June 1992 edition).
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5 Installation and Connection
(continued)

5.4 Installation
The case and mounting dimensions are given in
Chapter 4. The PD 521 is delivered in the wall surface
mounting or the flush panel mounting configuration
depending on the order specifications.
When the PD 521 is being installed in a cabinet door, for
example, special sealing steps must be followed in
accordance with the IP 51 protection required for the
cabinet.
Should the PD 521 mistakenly have been ordered for
surface instead of flush mounting, the connector blocks
and angle brackets can be adjusted as shown in
Figure 91.
¨ The two angle brackets D are now re-mounted using
bolts E with the longer leg of the angle bracket
mounted flat on the face surface.
¨ The upper sections of the two connector blocks B can
be pulled away after opening bolts A and remounted
after turning by 180 degrees (see Figure 91).
* Please make sure
that all bolts A are loosened before attempting to pull off
the upper sections of the connector blocks!
For flush panel mounting, a panel cutout as per Figure 92
is necessary.

¨ The two angle brackets D need to be removed after The panel thickness must not exceed 3 mm.
undoing bolts C (three each on the upper and lower
face). Subsequently, bolts C are repositioned and
tightened.

E A B C D

Front panel

Surface-mounting

Front panel

Flush-mounting
91 Reconfiguration for flush panel mounting

92 Panel cutout for the PD 521 (dimensions in mm)

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5 Installation and Connection
(continued)

For wall surface mounting, the leads to the PD 521 are
usually run along the front side of the mounting level. If
the wiring is to be behind, an opening can be provided
below or above the terminal strip (see Figure 93).
For flush mounting, the PD 521 must be fastened using
the four bolts provided within the packing carton.
The cutout edges and the bolt heads can be concealed
using a cover frame with a snap-on fixture to the bolt
heads (see Figure 94).

93 Opening for the connecting leads. Shown for the lower terminal strip
(dimensions in mm).

94 Fixing the cover frame (dimensions in mm)

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5 Installation and Connection
(continued)
5.5 Protective and System Grounding
The device case must be reliably grounded for reasons of
protective equipment grounding. This grounding step is
also absolutely essential for proper operation of the device
and is thus equivalent to system grounding. Potentials that
need to be grounded from an operational standpoint are
already properly connected to the equipment ground
inside the unit.
Holes for the grounding connection are located in the two
mounting brackets of the PD 521 and are labeled
accordingly.
A ground connection assembly kit is supplied with the unit.
The ground connection must be assembled as shown in
Figure 95.
Grounding must be low-inductance.
95 Ground connection assembly kit
89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
5.6 Connection
5.6.1 Measuring and Auxiliary Circuits
Connect the PD 521 in accordance with the terminal
connection diagram specified on the type identification
label. The terminal connection diagram is included in the
Supporting Documents supplied with the unit and is also
given in Appendix E of this manual.
Copper leads having a 2.5 mm2 cross-section are
generally suitable as connecting leads between the
current transformers and the PD 521. Under certain
conditions the connecting leads between the main current
transformers and the PD 521 must be short and have a
larger cross-section in order to handle the permissible
burden on the main current transformers. Copper leads
2
having a 1.5 mm cross-section are sufficient for the
binary signal inputs, voltage inputs, the signaling and
triggering circuits, and for the power supply input.
As a general principle, all connections run into the system
must have a defined potential. Pre-wired connections that
are not used must be grounded.
Connecting the Measuring Circuits of
Distance Protection
The current and voltage transformers must be connected
to the protection device in accordance with the standard
schematic diagram shown in Figure 96. The default and
factory setting of the protection device is based on this
current transformer connection scheme (“line-side
grounding“). Connection of the current transformers in
opposition (“busbar-side grounding“) can be taken into
account when making the settings (see Section 7).
The PD 521 is always equipped with four current inputs.
91
5 Installation and Connection
(continued)

Connecting Protective Signaling

Depending on the operating mode selected, either a signal

transmission device or pilot wires are required for signal
transmission. Transposed lines should be used for the
pilot wires. Two or four lines are required. If only two
lines are available, there must be an all-or-nothing relay in
each station for coupling received and transmitted signals.

The coils of the all-or-nothing relays must be designed for

half the loop voltage. Figure 97 shows the connection with
two lines and Figure 98 the connection with four lines.
The protective signaling transmitting relay can be set to
Transm. relay break contact or Transm. relay make
contact. In the first case the break contact must be wired
and in the second case the make contact. The figures
show the connection for the setting Transm. relay break
contact (K1 and K2 are shown in the de-energized state).

In addition, the PD 521 can also function together with the

SV 35A protective signaling system or the V 34
comparator relay if care is taken to ensure that at least a
pilot wire current of 10 mA is flowing.

96 Standard connection diagram for the PD 521

92 89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
5 Installation and Connection
(continued)

97 Connecting protective signaling with two lines 98 Connecting protective signaling with four lines

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5 Installation and Connection
(continued)
Connecting Steady-State Ground Fault Direction
Determination
If the PD 521 is to function using ground fault direction
determination by steady-state values, then the current
transformer T4 must be connected to a window-type
current transformer or a current transformer in Holmgreen
configuration. If the metal sheath of the cable is led
through the window-type transformer, then the overhead
ground wire must be led (insulated) through the core again
before it is connected to ground. The cable sealing end
must be attached so that it is insulated from ground. In
this way any currents flowing through the sheath will not
affect measurement.
94
For ground fault direction determination by steady-state
values, the neutral-point displacement voltage - formed
from the three phase-to-ground voltages - and the ground
current are required as measured variables. Figure 99
shows the standard connection of ground fault direction
determination by steady-state values. For this connection
“forward/LS“ is displayed if a ground fault occurs on the
line side. A different connection scheme for the current
transformer can be allowed for by making the appropriate
setting (see Chapter 7).
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5 Installation and Connection
(continued)

99 Connecting steady-state ground fault direction determination devices to Holmgreen-configuration and window-type transformers

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5 Installation and Connection
(continued)

Connecting the Auxiliary Voltage
Before connecting the auxiliary voltage VA for the
PD 521 power supply, make sure that the nominal value of
the auxiliary device voltage agrees with the nominal value
of the auxiliary system voltage.
In the upper portion of the I / O module, between output
relay and current input transformers, are plug-in jumpers,
which are plugged in as shown as follows, depending on
the desired auxiliary voltage range.

Polarity reversal protection is provided in the form of a

rectifier bridge. To preserve uniformity with other
protection devices (L+ on terminal with smaller number),
L+ should therefore be connected to terminal 13. The
PD 521 has an auxiliary voltage supply that can be
switched between ranges and is factory-set for the voltage
range of VA,nom = 110 to 250 V DC or 100 to 230 V AC.
100 Plug-in jumpers positioned for an auxiliary voltage of 110 to 250 V
Before changing the auxiliary voltage DC or 100 to 230 V AC (view from component side)
range, turn off any connected auxiliary
! voltage. The components located
behind the front panel are energized!

The voltage range is switched by repositioning plug-in

jumpers on the I / O (input / output) module. After
loosening four bolts on the front side of the front panel, the
local control module (front panel and processor module)
can be removed once the following plugs have been
removed first: 101 Plug-in jumpers positioned for an auxiliary voltage of 24 to 60 V
DC (view from component side)
¨ The tab connector on the case
¨ The tab connector on the lower circuit board
(I/O module)
¨ The ribbon cable connecting the local control module
(front panel and processor module) with the I/O module
¨ The ribbon cable connecting the local control module
with the optional ILSA interface (to fiber optics or to
wire)

Where possible, disconnection of the

ribbon cable between the processor
! module and the I/O module should be
avoided. Should disconnection have
occurred, however, then the device
needs to be re-initialized by way of a
cold restart.

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5 Installation and Connection
(continued)
5.6.2 Binary Control Inputs
Before connecting the control voltage Vin,nom for the binary
inputs in the PD 521, check to see whether the control
voltage Vin,nom is within the operating range of 24 V DC to
250 V DC. Polarity reversal protection is provided in the
form of a rectifier bridge.
5.6.3 Tripping and Signaling Circuits
The freely configurable output relays and their connections
are shown in the terminal connection diagram. The output
relays are suitable both for tripping and signaling
purposes.
89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
5.6.4 PC Interface
The PC interface is provided so that PS 441 parameters
can be assigned from a personal computer (PC). The
special connection cable available as an accessory is the
only type of PC connection that may be used.
The PC interface is not intended for permanent
! connection. Consequently the socket does not
have the extra insulation from circuits
connected to the system that is required per
VDE 0106 Part 101. Therefore when
connecting the connection cable make sure
that you do not touch the socket contacts.
After completing device control (parameter setting) via the
PC, disconnect the PC connection cable on the interface
socket to restore the specified degree of device
protection.
5.6.5 ILSA Interface
The ILSA interface is provided for stationary linking of the
protection device to a control system for substations or to
a central substation unit. Connection is - dependeing on
the design of the ILSA interface - via a special connector
with a fiber-optic conductor or via an RS 485 interface with
twisted copper wires.
The selection and assembly of an appropriately cut optical
fiber connecting cable requires special knowledge and
expertise and is therefore not covered by this operating
manual.
Before connecting or removing the fiber-optic
! interface, the supply voltage of the protection
device must be switched off.
Connection of the RS 485 interface to other devices is via
a 2-pole twisted conductor cable. For further guidelines
on connecting the ILSA interface, please see the manual
Bus Technology in Integrated Protection and Control
Systems for Substations (ILS).
97
6 Control
All data required for operation of the protection device are
entered from the local control panel, and the data
important for system management are read out there as
well. The local control panel permits the following specific
functions:
¨ Readout and modification of settings
¨ Readout of updated measured operating data and
state signals as well as stored monitoring signals
¨ Readout and resetting of counters
¨ Resetting of the parallel display (LEDs) and other
control functions for testing and startup
Control is also possible from the PC interface. In that case
the FPC control program is required, along with a special
connection cable (see chapter 13 “Accessories and Spare
Parts”) and a suitable PC.
6.1 Display and Keyboard
The local control panel consists of two 4-digit, 7-segment
displays, six function keys and 12 LED indicators.
F through a value range, which is defined separa- tely
Value
0 for each address together with the incrementation
Address
03 10
x y
"Up" Key
"Down" Key
Enter Key
E R
Reset Key
102 View of the local control panel
The settings, signals and measured values are numerical-
ly coded. This code is called the address and is displayed
in the lower of the two 7-segment displays on the local
control panel. The value associated with the address is
displayed in the upper 7-segment display.
98
¨ Value
The value of the information or parameter just selected
is displayed.
¨ Address
The address of the information or parameter just
selected is displayed.
¨ “Up” and “Down” Keys
Addresses can be selected, parameter values
changed and event records read out by pressing the
“up” and “down” keys.
Address Selection:
In the normal addressing mode, the two pairs of keys
are decoupled from one another and affect the
address display. The x coordinate of the address
being selected can be set using the left pair of keys,
and the y coordinate can be set using the right pair of
keys. The respective coordinate can be incremented
by pressing the “up” key and decremented by pressing
the “down” key.
Changing Parameter Values:
Parameter values can only be changed in the input
mode, which is signaled by the red LED indicator on
the enter key (E). In the input mode the two pairs of
“up” and “down” keys are generally coupled and have
the same effect on the value display. The system runs
(see “Address List” in the appendix). The next higher
value is obtained by pressing the “up” key, and the
next lower value by pressing the “down” key.
Event Record Readout:
Readout of event records is possible after the
appropriate memory has been accessed; this is
signaled by the red LED indicator on the enter key (E).
In this control mode the two pairs of “up” and “down”
keys have different functions.
¨ Enter
To enter the input mode, press enter key (E). Press a
second time to leave the input mode. Activation of the
input mode is signaled by the red LED indicator on the
enter key (E).
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6 Control
(continued)

¨ Reset 6.3 Change-Enabling Function

The LED indicators can be reset by pressing the reset
key (R). The event records are not affected and remain
in the event memories. Other functions of the reset key
include deactivation of the input mode (with no further
consequences) and keyboard locking.
The following diagrams of the individual control steps
indicate which specific display can be changed by
pressing the “up” or “down” keys. A solid black dot in the
upper left corner of the enter key indicates that the red
LED indicator is lit up. The addresses used in the
examples below are not necessarily valid for the PD 521;
they serve to illustrate the principles of local control.
Although it is possible to select any address and read the
associated value by pressing the “up” and “down” keys, it
is not possible to switch directly to the input mode. This
safeguard prevents unwanted changes in the protective
setting. If the protective setting is to be changed, the
change-enabling function (address 03 10) must first be
activated. The change-enabling function is naturally the
only parameter that can be changed when the change-
enabling function itself is not activated.
Control Step or Action Display
Description

0 Select the address for the change- F

6.2 Address Selection enabling function by pressing the “up” 0

and “down” keys.
03 10
Addresses are selected by pressing the two pairs of “up” x y
and “down” keys. As long as the keys are being pressed,
the value display remains dark. Approximately 1 second
after the keys are released the value associated with the
selected address will appear in the value display. In E R
principle, any address in the entire address range from
00 00 to 99 99 can be selected. If, however, an address is
selected that is not used in the PD 521, the value display 1 Press the enter key (E). The red E
F

will remain dark. The existence of entries in the signal or LED indicator on the enter key will 0
monitoring signal memories is indicated during operation. light up. The value can now be
changed by pressing the “up” or 03 10
This is indicated by the fact that while the “up” and “down”
“down” keys. x y
keys are being pressed the value display does not remain
dark; instead, the following messages are displayed:

¨ "L..." if there is information in the signal memory E R

¨ "...E" if there is information in the monitoring signal

memory
2 Set the value to “1” by pressing F

one of the two “up” keys. 1

If “L” and/or “E” still remain in the value display 1 second
after the “up” and “down” keys have been released, then 03 10
there is no information stored for that particular address. x y

Example:
E R
Information in Information in Information in
Signal Memory Monitoring Signal Signal and
Memory Monitoring Signal
Memories 3 Press the enter key (E). The red E
F

LED indicator on the enter key will go 1

F F F out. The change-enabling function is
active. 03 10
L E L E x y

47 11 47 11 47 11
x y x y x y

E R

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6 Control
(continued)

To prevent the change-enabling function from accidentally

remaining active after a protective setting has been 1 Select the desired address F

(address 03 13, for example) by 03 10

changed, the enabling function is automatically canceled pressing the “up” or “down” keys.
100 sec after the last key has been pressed (or once the 03 13
return time set at address 03 14 has elapsed). The x y

address display immediately jumps to the settable return

address (set at address 03 13). The factory-set return
address is the address for the change-enabling function.
The return time is restarted when any of the six control E R

keys is pressed.

Even when the change-enabling function is activated, not 2 Press the enter key (E). The red E
F

LED indicator on the enter key will 03 10

all parameters can be changed. For many settings it is light up. The value can now be
also necessary to deactivate the protective function changed by pressing the “up” or 03 13
(address 03 30). Such settings include, for example, the “down” keys. x y

configuration parameters by means of which the device

interfaces can be adapted to the system. The following
entries in the “Change” column of the address list (see
Appendix C) indicate whether values can be changed or E R

not:

¨ "on": The value can be changed even when the

3 Set the new value (04 20, for F

example) by pressing an “up” or 04 20

protective function is enabled. “down” key. During this process the
device continues to operate with the 03 13
¨ "off": The value can be changed provided that the old value. x y

protective function has been disabled.

¨ "-": The value cannot be modified by control

E R
action.

When the change-enabling function is activated, the

protective function can be deactivated from address 03 30 4 Press the enter key (E). The red E
F

by setting the value to “0.” The protection device is factory- LED indicator on the enter key will go 04 20
out, and the device will now operate
set so that the protective function is deactivated. with the new value. Another address 03 13
can be selected for value changing x y

6.4 Changing Settings by pressing the “up” and “down” keys.

If all the conditions given above for a value change are

satisfied, the desired setting can be entered. E R

Control Step or
Description
Action Display 5 If the intended value change is R
F

rejected during the setting process 03 10

0 Example of a display. The F

change-enabling function is activated
and the protective function, if
applicable, is deactivated.
(red LED indicator on enter key is lit
up), then press the reset key (R). 03 13
1
The red LED indicator on the enter x y
key will go out, and the device will
03 10
continue to operate unchanged with
x y
the old value. Another address can
be selected for value changing by
E R
pressing the "up" or "down" keys.

E R

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6 Control
(continued)

6.5 Memory Readout Control Step or Action Display

Description
Memories can be read out after they are accessed via the 2 Press the enter key (E). The ad- E
F

appropriate entry address. For this purpose it is not dress display changes from 03 00 to 2
necessary to activate the change-enabling function or 04 20. A period is displayed after
each digit in the address. This 0.4. 2.0.
even to deactivate the protective function. Accidental
indicates that a special memory x y
clearance of a memory via its entry address is not mode is now active. The fault
possible. number of the most recent fault (e.g.
number 2) appears in the value
6.5.1 Signal Memory Readout display for address 04 20. In every
E R
fault record the fault number is placed
at the beginning of the related fault
Control Step or Action Display log for identification purposes. Since
Description for each new fault record the actual
0 Example of a display. F
value of address 04 20 is increased
by the value of "1" in order to count
0 faults, the fault number of the most
recent fault also corresponds to the
03 10 number of recorded faults since the
x y
signal memory was last reset. If,
after entry into the signal memory,
the address 04 20 and the value "0"
are indicated, then no fault is stored
in the signal memory.
E R

3 When the “up” key is pressed F

1 Select the address for entering the F there is no response. 2

signal memory (03 00) by pressing -- - L 0.4. 2.0.
the “up” or “down” keys. x y
03 00
x y

E R

E R

4 When the “down” key for y is F

pressed repeatedly, the date and 19 9 3

time at fault inception appear.
0.3. 9. 8.
¨ Year Address 03 98 x y

¨ Day/Month Address 03 97
¨ Hour/Minute Address 03 96
¨ Seconds Address 03 94 E R

¨ Milliseconds Address 03 93

5 When the “down” key for y is F

pressed again, the oldest signal that 1

appeared during the pre-fault period
is displayed. Here the value “1” in 0.3. 8.6.
the value display means that the x y

signal has started. The end of the

signal is indicated by the value “0” in
the value display.
E R

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6 Control
(continued)

Control Step or Action Display Control Step or Action Display

Description Description

6 If the “down” key for y continues F 10 If the display does not change F

to be pressed, the fault signal log is L 1 when the “down” key for y is pressed, 0
read in chronological order, i.e., in the then the end of the record for the
direction of more recent signals. 4.1. 0.1. oldest stored fault has been reached. 4.1. 0.1.
Signals that have appeared during x y x y

the fault are marked with an extra “L”

in the value display. After the signals
that appeared during the post-fault
period, the measured fault data are
E R E R
displayed. If a fault value was not
measured, the display will show the
symbol “....” If the measured fault
value is outside the acceptable
range, the symbol “-..-” will appear in
11 When the x "down" key is F

pressed, the display jumps to the 1

the display. beginning of the next older fault. If
the display already showed the oldest 0.4. 2.0.
7 The next oldest signal is F fault, nothing changes when the x
“down” key is pressed.
x y

displayed by pressing the “up” key for 1

y.
0.3. 8.6.
x y
E R

E R
12 When the x “up” key is pressed F

the display jumps to the beginning of 2

the fault.
0.4. 2.0.
8 After the last entry in a fault log F x y

has been reached by repeatedly 1

pressing the “down” key for y, then
the next time the “down” key for y is 0.4. 2.0.
pressed the display switches to the x y
E R
beginning of the next oldest fault.
The beginning of this fault log is
indicated again by the respective fault
number, which appears first in the top
E R
13 The signal memory is exited by
R
F

display (number 1 in this example).
9 When the “up” key for y is
pressing the reset key at any location - - - L
in the signal memory. The periods
displayed after each digit disappear, 03 00
F and the address for entry into the
signal memory is displayed (03 00).
x y

pressed the display does not jump 2

again to the last entry for the next Any address can then be selected by
most recent fault log but rather back 0.4. 2.0. pressing the “up” or “down” keys.
to address 04 20 x y
E R
(= fault number) and thus back to the
beginning of the record for the next
most recent fault.
E R

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6 Control
(continued)

6.5.2 Monitoring Signal Memory Readout

5 The next most recent signal is
displayed by pressing the “down”
Control Step or Action Display
keys.
Description

0 Example of a display. F
6 If the display no longer changes F
0
when the “up” keys are pressed, then 1
the oldest stored monitoring signal
03 10
has been reached. 9.0. 2.8.
x y x y

E R E R

1 Select the address for entry into F

7 The monitoring signal memory is R
F

the monitoring signal memory (03 01) E- -- exited by pressing the reset key (R) E- --
by pressing the “up” or “down” keys. at any location in the monitoring
03 01 03 01
signal memory. The periods
x y
displayed after each digit in the x y

address display disappear, and the

address for entry into the monitoring
signal memory (03 01) is displayed.
E R
Any address can then be selected by
E R
pressing the “up” or “down” keys.

2 Press the enter key (E). The E

F

most recent monitoring signal 1

appears in the address and value
displays (address 90 28 and the 9.0. 2.8.
value 1, for example). A period is x y

displayed after each digit in the

address. This indicates that a special
memory mode is now activated. If,
after entry into the monitoring signal
E R
memory, the address 00 00 and the
value "0" are displayed, then no
monitoring signals are stored in the
monitoring signal memory.

3 When the two “down” keys are F

pressed there is no response. 1

9.0. 2.8.
x y

E R

4 The next oldest monitoring signal

is displayed by pressing one of the
two “up” keys. All monitoring signals
can be read in reverse chronological
order, i.e., in the direction of older
signals, by repeatedly pressing one
of the two “up” keys.

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6 Control
(continued)

6.6 Resetting
2 Press the enter key (E). The E
F

red LED indicator on the enter 2

All information memories – particularly the signal and key will light up. When the “up”
monitoring signal memories – and LED indicators can be and “down” keys are pressed 03 06
reset manually. In addition, the LED indicators are there is no response. x y

automatically cleared and reset at the start of a new fault

so that they always display the last fault.
E R
The user can also reset the LED indicators manually by
pressing the reset key; this is always possible when the
device is in the normal control mode. It always triggers an
LED indicator test. The signal memory is not affected by
this process so that accidental erasing of the fault record 3 Press the enter key (E). This E
F

associated with the reset signal pattern is reliably triggers an LED indicator test. 0
prevented. After it is completed the red LED
indicator on the entry key will go 03 06
out, and all fault records will be x y
Because of the signal memory’s ring structure the erased. Any address can then
information in this memory is automatically updated for be selected by pressing the “up”
five consecutive events, so that in principle a manual reset and “down” keys.
would not be necessary. However, if the signal memory E R

should need to be cleared completely – after function

tests, for example – this can be done via the
corresponding reset address.
4 If, after exiting the normal R
F

Control Step or Action Display control mode (red LED indicator 2

Description is lit up), the request to erase
03 06
fault records is rejected, press
0 Example of a display. F the reset key (R). The red LED x y

0 indicator on the enter key will go

out, and the fault records
03 10 continue to be stored in the
x y device unchanged. Then any
E R
address can be selected by
pressing the “up” and “down”
keys.
E R

1 Press the “up” or “down” F

keys to select the address for 2

resetting the signal memory
(03 06). The number of faults 03 06
recorded since the signal x y

memory was last reset will

appear in the value display (the
number 2, for example).
E R

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6 Control
(continued)

6.7 Password-Protected Control Operations

4 Press the “down” key for y. F

0
Certain actions from the local control panel, such as a
manual trip command for testing purposes, have a special 03 40
access lock to prevent accidental output. This special x y

lock, called a password, consists of a specifically defined

sequential combination of keys pressed within a certain
time period. The following example shows the password-
E R
protected output of a manual trip command:

Control Step or Action Display

Description 5 Press the “up” key for y. F

0
0 Example of a display. The F
03 40
change enabling command has been 1
issued (03 10=1). x y
03 10
x y

E R

E R

6 Press the “down” key for x. The F

value display will change from 0 to 1. 1

1 Select the address for the manual F
03 40
trip command (03 40) by pressing the 0
“up” and “down” keys. A zero will x y

appear in the value display. 03 40

x y

E R

E R

7 Press the enter key (E) to issue E

F

the trip command. The value display 0

2 After the enter key (E) is pressed E
F will drop back to zero. If the reset
03 40
the red LED on the enter key will light 0 key (R) is pressed instead of the
up. Although the change mode is enter key, no trip command will be x y

active, the value cannot be changed 03 40 issued (value display returns to 0).
by pressing the “up” and “down” keys. x y

A “change of value” is only possible

in this case by means of a specified E R
sequential key combination (control
steps 3 to 6) within a specific time
E R
period. The following control steps,
steps 3 to 6, must therefore be
carried out within 4 seconds.

3 Press the “up” key for x. F

03 40
x y

E R

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6 Control
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6.8 Keyboard Lock Control Step or Action Display

Description
After all settings have been made, the keyboard can be 0 Example of the display when the F

locked. This means that unauthorized or unintentional keyboard is locked. The reset key 0
changes are no longer possible. To lock the keyboard the (R) is enabled for resetting the LED
indicators. 03 10
value “1” must be set at address 03 11 (password). When
x y
the keyboard is locked the only key still functionally active
is the reset key. When the “up” or “down” keys are
pressed there is no response from the device.
E R

Control Step or Action Display

Description
1 Press the “up” key for x. F

0 Example of a display. The F 0

keyboard is unlocked. Note: for this 0 03 10
procedure the value “1” must be set
at address 03 11 (password). 03 10 x y

x y

E R

E R

2 Press the “down” key for y. F

1 Press the reset key (R) at any R

0
address. All LEDs will light up.
03 10
x y

2 Wait until the LEDs go out. Press R

F

the reset key (R) again. After this 0

nothing will happen when the x or y
“up” and “down” keys are pressed. 03 10 E R
After the automatic return time has x y

elapsed the address display will show

the return address, and the
associated value will appear in the 3 Press the “up” key for y. F

0
value display. The return address in
E R
this example is 03 10.
03 10
x y

If there is no response when the “up” and “down” keys or

the enter key are pressed (but the R key is active and
causes the LED indicators to be reset), then the keyboard E R

is locked. The lock can be released by carrying out the

following operations. However, the four keys must be
pressed within 4 seconds. 4 Press the “down” key for x. F

Now the “up” and “down” keys for x 0

and y are enabled for selection of a
new address. 03 10
x y

E R

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7 Settings

The PD 521 distance protection device must be adjusted 7.1 Device Identification
to the system and to the protected equipment by means of
appropriate settings. This section gives instructions for The device identification settings are used to record the
determining the proper settings. ordering information and the design version of the
protection device. They have no effect on the protective
The address list in the Appendix lists all parameters with function. These settings should only be changed if the
their setting ranges and incrementation or selection tables. design version of the protection device is modified.
The Set Value Record Sheets in the Appendix make it
possible to keep a complete and well-organized record of 7.1.1 Ordering Information
all settings.
00 00 IDENT: Device type
The units are supplied with a factory-set configuration of The type designation numbers are displayed,
settings that in most cases correspond to the “default for example, “521” for PD 521. The display
setting” given in the address list. If the factory settings cannot be altered.
differ from the default settings, then this is indicated below
at the appropriate points. 00 48 IDENT: Device password 1
00 49 IDENT: Device password 2
The default settings given in the address list are activated This setting is used by the FPC software for
after a cold restart. All settings must be re-entered after a identification. For further details regarding
cold restart. these settings see the description of the FPC
operating program.
00 50 IDENT: Auxiliary voltage
Setting of the auxiliary voltage employed,
for example, “220” for 220 V DC.
00 51 IDENT: Nominal voltage
Nominal voltage setting, for example, “100”
for Vnom = 100 V.
00 52 IDENT: Nominal current
The nominal current setting of the phase
current transformers, for example, “1.0” for
Inom = 1 A.
00 53 IDENT: Nominal frequency
The nominal frequency setting of the
measuring circuits, for example, “50” for
50 Hz.
00 54 IDENT: Nominal current IN
The nominal current setting of the residual
current transformer, for example, “1.0” for
Inom = 1 A.
00 80 IDENT: Add. HW modules
The hardware expansion setting for the
protection device. The PD 521 automatically
carries out a warm restart in accordance with
this setting. The value can be increased but
not decreased. If a lower value is to be set,
a cold restart must be carried out.
This setting can only be made from the
integrated local control panel.

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7 Settings
(continued)
7.1.2 Design Version
The software version of the modules used in the PD 521
can be read out at the addresses in this group.
02 00 IDENT: Data model
The value displayed provides information
about the data model that must be installed in
the PC so that the PD 521 can be operated
using the FPC operating program. This
display cannot be altered.
02 20 IDENT: SW version
The software version installed in the hardware
is displayed. This display cannot be changed.
108
7.2 Configuration Parameters
The interfaces are adapted to the system conditions by
setting the configuration parameters.
7.2.1 Control Interfaces
03 11 LOC: Access lock active
Since the local control panel is always
accessible, measures have been taken to
allow the local control panel to be locked. A
“0” setting means “Locking not possible,” and
a setting of “1” means “Locking possible”. The
keyboard is then locked by pressing the R key
twice at any address.
03 12 PC/ILSA: Test mode USER Fig. 85
When the test mode is activated signals or
measured data for PC and ILSA are identified
as “test mode”. One of the procedures that
demand activation of the test mode is the
testing of the output relays via the integrated
local control panel.
03 13 LOC: Autom. return addr.
The address to which the display will return
after the automatic return time has elapsed is
set here. Thus the units will display well-
defined information during operation.
03 14 LOC: Autom. return time
If no key on the local control panel is pressed
during this set time, the following will occur
automatically:
¨ The display returns to the address defined
under 03 13
¨ The change-enabling function is canceled.
This ensures that the change-enabling
function will not remain inadvertently activated
over a long period of time. The keyboard is
not automatically locked.
03 50 ILSA: Delta V Fig. 87
A measured voltage value is transmitted via
the ILSA interface if it differs by the set delta
quantity from the last measured value
transmitted.
03 51 ILSA: Delta I Fig. 87
A measured current value is transmitted via
the ILSA interface if it differs by the set delta
quantity from the last measured value
transmitted.
03 52 ILSA: Delta f Fig. 87
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7 Settings
(continued)

The measured frequency is transmitted via 03 70 ILSA: Command enable USER Fig. 87
the ILSA interface if it differs by the set delta ILSA interface communication enabling
quantity from the last measured value function.
transmitted.
Note: If the ILSA interface has been
03 53 ILSA: Delta t Fig. 87 activated from address 00 80 and
All measured data are transmitted again there is no ILSA connection or it is
through the ILSA interface after this time inactive, then the command enable
period has elapsed. should be set at "0". For this setting,
the commands are rejected and the
03 54 ILSA: Delta P Fig. 87
time synchronization signal is
The active power is transmitted through the received and reset; cyclic measured
ILSA interface if it differs by the set delta data are not transmitted.
quantity from the last measured value
transmitted. 03 71 ILSA: Baud rate Fig. 87
The ILSA interface baud rate setting.
03 55 PC: Delta V Fig. 86
A measured voltage value is transmitted via 03 74 ILSA: Transm. cycl. data Fig. 87
the PC interface if it differs by the set delta The measured data that are to be
quantity from the last measured value transmitted cyclically through the ILSA
transmitted. interface are selected.
03 56 PC: Delta I Fig. 86 03 76 ILSA: Sig./meas.blck. USER Fig. 87
A measured current value is transmitted via When the signal and measured data block is
the PC interface if it differs by the set delta activated, no signals or measured data are
quantity from the last measured value transmitted through the ILSA interface.
transmitted. Commands to the ILSA interface are
rejected.
03 57 PC: Delta f Fig. 86
The measured frequency is transmitted via Note: When the ILSA interface is activated
the PC interface if it differs by the set delta via address 00 80 and there is no
quantity from the last measured value ILSA connection or it is not active,
transmitted. the signal and measured value
blocking should be set to“1”.
03 58 PC: Delta t Fig. 86
All measured data are transmitted again 03 77 ILSA: Contin. general scan Fig. 87
through the PC interface after this time period A continuous or background general scan
has elapsed. means that the PD 521 transmits all settings,
signals and monitoring signals through the
03 59 PC: Delta P Fig. 86
ILSA interface during slow periods when
The active power is transmitted through the there is not much activity. This ensures that
PC interface if it differs by the set delta there will be data consistency with a
quantity from the last measured value connected control system. The time to be
transmitted. set defines the minimum time difference
03 68 PC/ILSA: Device addr. (CU) Fig. 86 between two telegrams.
03 69 PC/ILSA: Device addr. (PU) Fig. 86 03 80 PC: Command enabling Fig. 86
The device address is used for device PC interface communication enabling
identification when communication is being function.
carried out through the serial interfaces. The
device address of the communication unit 03 81 PC: Baud rate Fig. 86
(CU) and the device address of the process Baud rate setting for the PC interface.
unit (PU) must have the identical setting.
03 84 PC: Transm. cycl. data Fig. 86
The measured data that are to be
transmitted cyclically through the PC
interface are selected.

03 86 PC: Sig./meas. val.block. Fig. 86

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7 Settings
(continued)

When the signal and measured value

blocking is activated, no signals or measured Configurable Functions
data are transmitted through the ILSA Value Description Min. trigger- Fig.
interface. Commands to the ILSA interface ing time
are rejected. 03 26 MAIN: Deactivate prot. EXT 20 ms 3
03 27 MAIN: Activate prot. EXT 20 ms 3
04 61 MAIN: M.c.b. trip VLS EXT 20 ms 35
7.2.2 Binary Inputs
04 64 PSIG: Telecom. faulty EXT 20 ms 42
36 34 CBF: Input EXT 20 ms 54
The PD 521 has two optical coupler inputs for processing
binary signals from the system. The connection scheme 36 38 PSIG: Test telecom. EXT 20 ms 52
for the binary inputs is shown in the terminal connection 36 45 MAIN: Trip cmd. block EXT 20 ms 69
diagrams. The address list gives information about the 36 46 DIST: Zone extension EXT 20 ms 23
configuration options for all binary inputs (see 36 47 SOTF: Manual close EXT 20 ms 39
Appendix C). 36 48 PSIG: Receive EXT 20 ms 50
36 49 PSIG: Blocking EXT 20 ms 40
When configuring binary inputs it is essential to ensure 36 51 MAIN: CB closed sig. EXT 20 ms 37
that the same information cannot be processed by two 36 88 FLOC: Trigger EXT 20 ms 79
binary signal inputs. This means that a given function can 36 89 FREC: Trigger EXT 20 ms 81
only be assigned to one binary signal input and not to 37 18 MAIN: Man. trip cmd. EXT 20 ms 69
both. 37 70 PC/ILSA: Test mode EXT 20 ms 85
37 72 ILSA: Command enable EXT 20 ms 87
A standard setting that differs from the “default setting” 37 74 ILSA: Sig./meas.block EXT 20 ms 87
given in the address list has been factory-set. The factory 38 16 MAIN: Starting trig. EXT 20 ms 69
setting is given in the terminal connection diagrams in the 38 20 GFDSS: GF evaluation EXT 20 ms 54
Supporting Documents supplied with each device and also 40 16 PASS. Input 1 EXT 20 ms 71
in Appendix E of this manual. 40 17 PASS. Input 2 EXT 20 ms 71
65 01 MAIN: Reset indicat. EXT 20 ms 76
In order to ensure that the protection device will recognize
the input signals, the triggering signals must persist for at
least as long as the time periods given in the following
table.

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7 Settings
(continued)

The operating mode of every binary signal input can be 7.2.4 LED Indicators
selected. It is possible to specify whether the presence or
absence of a voltage (mode active “high” or active “low,” The PD 521 has a total of 12 LED indicators for parallel
respectively) shall be interpreted as the logic “1” signal. display of binary signals. The address list gives
information about the configuration options for all LED
54 01 INP: Fct. assignm. U 1 indicators (see Appendix C).
54 04 INP: Fct. assignm. U 2
Assign functions to binary signal inputs. A standard setting that differs from the “default setting”
given in the address list has been factory-set for some of
54 02 INP: Operating mode U 1 the freely configurable LED indicators. The factory setting
54 05 INP: Operating mode U 2 is given in the terminal connection diagrams of the
Specify operating mode of binary signal Supporting Documents supplied with the device and in
inputs. Appendix E of this manual.

7.2.3 Binary Outputs 57 01 LED: Fct. assignm. H 1

57 03 LED: Fct. assignm. H 2
The PD 521 has output relays for outputting binary 57 05 LED: Fct. assignm. H 3
signals. The number and connection scheme of the 57 07 LED: Fct. assignm. H 4
available output relays are given in the terminal 57 09 LED: Fct. assignm. H 5
connection diagrams. The address list gives information 57 11 LED: Fct. assignm. H 6
about the configuration options for all binary outputs (see 57 13 LED: Fct. assignm. H 7
Appendix C). 57 15 LED: Fct. assignm. H 8
57 17 LED: Fct. assignm. H 9
The contact data for the all-or-nothing relays permits them 57 19 LED: Fct. assignm. H 10
to be used either as command relays or as signal relays. 57 21 LED: Fct. assignm. H 11
One signal can also be assigned to several output relays 57 23 LED: Fct. assignm. H 12
simultaneously for the purpose of contact multiplication. Assign functions to LED indicators. LED
indicators H 1, H 2 and H 3 have
A standard setting that differs from the “default setting” permanently assigned functions.
given in the address list has been factory-set for some of
the freely configurable output relays. The factory setting is
given in the terminal connection in the Supporting
Documents supplied with each device and also in
Appendix E of this manual.

51 01 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 1

51 03 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 2
51 05 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 3
51 07 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 4
51 09 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 5
51 11 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 6
51 13 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 7
51 15 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 8
Assign functions to output relays.

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7 Settings
(continued)

7.3 Function Parameters The neutral-point treatment for the network

must be set.
7.3.1 Global
10 49 MAIN: Rotary field Fig. 16
The rotary field direction, either clockwise or
The PD 521 can be adjusted to the network and system
counterclockwise, must be set.
conditions by means of a few global settings.
21 12 MAIN: Trip cmd. block USER Fig. 69
03 30 MAIN: Protection active Fig. 3 The trip command is blocked from the local
Deactivation or activation of the protective control panel. On delivery, the trip command
function. The parameters indicated by “off” in is not blocked.
the address list can only be changed when
protection is deactivated. The devices are
shipped with the protection functions 7.3.2 Main Functions
disabled.
10 36 START: tI>> Fig. 4
10 03 MAIN: Nominal current Fig. 2 Setting for the operate delay of overcurrent
Distance protection includes this setting when starting.
calculating all settings and measured data
in 9. Therefore for proper operation of 10 50 START: Xfw Fig. 12
distance protection, the PD 521’s nominal Setting for the reactance limit of
current, 1 A or 5 A, must be entered. underimpedance starting.

10 04 MAIN: Connect. meas. circ. Fig. 2 10 51 START: Rfw P-G Fig. 12

Connection of the measuring voltage circuits
determines directional measurement of the
distance protection function. If the connection
is made as described in Chapter 5, then the 10 52
“Forward” setting (1) should be selected if the
PD 521’s “forward” decision will be in the
direction of the outgoing feeder. If the
connection direction is reversed or, given the
connection direction according to Chapter 5, if 10 53
the decision for “forward” is to be in the
busbar direction, then the setting must be “2.”
10 30 MAIN: System frequency 10 54
The nominal frequency of the network must
be set. If the chosen setting is “60“ = 60 Hz,
the ground fault direction determination by
steady-state values cannot be enabled. 10 55
10 40 MAIN: Transfer for 1p Fig. 13
For single-phase overcurrent starting without
ground starting either ground starting or 10 56
another phase starting needs to be transfer-
tripped. The user may choose to always trip
the ground starting function or, depending on
current magnitude, ground or phase starting.
See the section on “Starting Logic” in Chapter
3 for more information.
10 41 MAIN: Phase priority 2pN Fig. 14
The selection of measured variables in the
event of two-phase grounded faults is a
function of the set phase priority.
Setting for the resistance limit of
underimpedance starting for phase-to-ground
loops.
START: Rfw P-P Fig. 12
Setting for the resistance limit of
underimpedance starting for phase-to-phase
loops.
START: Zbw/Zfw Fig. 12
Setting for the limit of underimpedance
starting in the backward direction.
START: I>> Fig. 4
Setting for the threshold operate value for
overcurrent starting.
START: IN> Fig. 5
Setting for the threshold operate value of the
ground current stage for ground starting.
START: VN-G> Fig. 5
Setting for the threshold operate value of the
voltage trigger VN-G> for ground starting. If
the nominal voltage of the station transformer
differs from 100 V, the setting must always be
referred to the nominal voltage of the PD 521
(see type identification label) and not to the
nominal voltage of the station transformer.

10 57 START: tIN> Fig. 5

10 48 MAIN: Neutral-point treat. Fig. 4

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7 Settings
(continued)

In systems with isolated/resonant neutral- Operating mode setting for underimpedance

point grounding, the operate delay tIN>
should be set so that the ground currents IN
that flow as the result of phase-to-ground
capacitance reversals do not lead to
erroneous ground starting.
Note: Starting does not occur in the
case of ungrounded single-phase
faults until tIN> has elapsed.tIN>
should never be set less than 20 ms
so that starting
transfer will not anticipate starting
in another phase.
10 60 START: Trip tVN-G>> Fig. 7
Using this setting it is possible to
specify whether, for operation of the
S T A R T : V N - G > > trigger, a trip command
shall be issued after the
S T A R T : t V N - G > > timer stage
has elapsed.
Note: A trip command is issued only if
MAIN: Neutral-point treat.
is set to Low-impedance grounding.
10 61 START: tVN-G>> Fig. 5
The operate delay time setting for the
S T A R T : V N - G > > trigger.
10 62 START: VN-G>> Fig. 5
Setting for the threshold operate value of the
VN-G>> trigger for ground starting. If the
nominal voltage of the station transformer
differs from 100 V, the setting must always be
referred to the nominal voltage of the
PD 521 (see type identification label) and not
to the nominal voltage of the station
transformer.
10 63 START: > Fig. 12
Angle setting for load masking during
underimpedance starting.
and undervoltage starting. The following
settings are possible:
o Without V< starting.
Undervoltage starting is deactivated.
o With V< starting, P-G.
Undervoltage starting evaluate decisions
of phase-to-ground loops only.
o With V< start. P-G, P-P.
Undervoltage starting measurement
systems are switched by ground starting
from phase-to-phase to phase-to-ground
systems.
10 68 START: I> (Imin) Fig. 8
Base current setting above which under-
voltage and underimpedance starting is
enabled.
10 69 START: V< Fig. 9
Threshold operate value setting for
undervoltage starting.
Note:
The undervoltage fault detection logic can be
disabled with the setting “0“. This is
permitted only if a starting by the overcurrent
fault detection logic is assured for near faults
(Vsh < 2% Vnom).
25 93 START: Z evaluation Fig. 12
This setting determines whether the PD 521
will carry out the impedance calculation of
the phase-to-ground loops using the phase
current corrected by the set ground factor or
using twice the phase current.

10 67 START: Operating mode Fig. 9

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7 Settings
(continued)

12 00 DIST: Zone 4 Fig. 28 12 08 DIST: R2 P-P (polygon) Fig. 22

Zone 4 can be used as a special zone. This 12 10 DIST: R3 P-P (polygon) Fig. 22
setting determines the way in which zone 4 12 12 DIST: R4 P-P (polygon) Fig. 22
will be utilized. The following settings are Resistance limit setting for impedance zones
possible: 1 to 4 in secondary values for the phase-to-
phase loops.
o Normal
A directional and timer stage is assigned
Note: Zone 4 can be used as a special
to each impedance zone.
zone (see D I S T : Z o n e 4
o Section cable - line setting). This must be taken into
With this setting the impedance setting of account when setting R4.
impedance zone 4 is assigned to timer
stage t1 and directional setting N1. 12 13 DIST: = (polygon) Fig. 22
The settings t4 and N4 are inactive. If a The inclination of the trip polygon in the R
trip occurs in impedance zones 1 and 4 direction for the polygonal impedance
after t1 has elapsed, an external ARC can characteristic is determined using this setting.
be blocked. 12 23 DIST: Direction N1 Fig. 28
o Section line - cable 12 24 DIST: Direction N2 Fig. 28
With this setting the impedance setting of 12 25 DIST: Direction N3 Fig. 28
impedance zone 4 is assigned to timer 12 26 DIST: Direction N4 Fig. 28
stage t1 and directional setting N1. The 12 27 DIST: Direction N5 Fig. 28
settings t4 and N4 are inactive. If a The directional setting specifies in what
tripoccurs in impedance zone 1 only, after direction the respective impedance stage
t1 has elapsed, an external ARC can be measures – referred to the basic measuring
blocked. direction determined by the connection
direction of the measuring circuits and setting
12 01 DIST: X1 (polygon) Fig. 23
10 04. The following settings are possible:
12 02 DIST: X2 (polygon) Fig. 22
12 03 DIST: X3 (polygon) Fig. 22 o Forward directional
12 04 DIST: X4 (polygon) Fig. 22 o Backward directional
Reactance limit setting for impedance zones o Non-directional
1 to 4 in secondary values. 12 28 DIST: t1 Fig. 28
12 29 DIST: t2 Fig. 28
Note: Zone 4 can be used as a special 12 30 DIST: t3 Fig. 28
zone (see D I S T : Z o n e 4 12 31 DIST: t4 Fig. 28
setting). This must be taken into Fig. 28
12 32 DIST: t5
account when setting X4. Fig. 28
12 33 DIST: t6
12 05 DIST: R1 P-G (polygon) Fig. 23 Settings for the impedance zone stage times
12 07 DIST: R2 P-G (polygon) Fig. 22 and the backup times.
12 09 DIST: R3 P-G (polygon) Fig. 22
Note: Zone 4 can be used as a special
12 11 DIST: R4 P-G (polygon) Fig. 22
zone (see D I S T : Z o n e 4
Resistance limit setting for impedance zones setting). This must be taken into
1 to 4 in secondary values for the phase-to- account when setting t4.
ground loops. If the PD 521 is operating with
protective signaling or auto-
Note: Zone 4 can be used as a special reclosing control, timer stage t1 is
zone (see D I S T : Z o n e 4 deactivated. It is replaced by the
setting). This must be taken into starting time for protective
account when setting R4. signaling.

12 06 DIST: R1 P-P (polygon) Fig. 23

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7 Settings
(continued)

12 34 DIST: kze P-G HSR Fig. 23 12 36 DIST: kG angle Fig. 2

12 35 DIST: kze P-P HSR Fig. 23 Angle setting for the complex ground
The zone extension factors kze HSR can be factor kG.
set separately for phase-to-ground and for
phase-to-phase loops. When the polygon Z 0 - Z pos
characteristic has been selected, the zone kG =
3 × Z pos
extension factor setting changes the
reactance and resistance limits for
impedance zone 1. The following applies to Z0: zero-sequence impedance
the measurement: Z pos : positive-sequence impedance
X1,ze HSR = (kze HSR) × X1 X 0 - X pos X pos
R1,ze HSR = (kze HSR) × R1 k G angle = arc tan - arc tan
R0 - Rpos Rpos
X1,ze HSR: reactance changed by the
zone extension factor. R0 : zero-sequence impedance resistance
R1,ze HSR: resistance changed by the Rpos : positive-sequ. impedance resistance
zone extension factor. X0 : zero-sequence impedance reactance
When the circular characteristic has been X pos : positive-sequ. impedance reactance
selected, the The following applies to the
measurement: If the calculated value cannot be set exactly,
then the next smaller value should be set.
Z1,ze HSR = (kze HSR) × Z1
12 37 DIST: kG abs. value Fig. 2
Z1,ze HSR: impedance changed by the Setting the absolute value for the complex
zone extension factor. ground factor kG.

Zone extension is controlled by the following Z 0 - Z pos

functions: kG =
3 × Z pos
o Protective signaling
o Switch on to fault protection Z0: zero-sequence impedance
o An appropriately configured binary signal Z pos : positive-sequence impedance
input.

kG =
 X 0 - X pos 2 + R0 - Rpos 2
3 × Rpos 2 + X pos 2

R0 : zero-sequ. impedance resistance

Rpos : positive-sequ. impedance resistance
X 0 : zero-sequ. impedance reactance
X pos : positive-sequ. impedance reactance

If the calculated value cannot be set exactly,

the next smaller value should be set.

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7 Settings
(continued)

12 38 DIST: Arc. comp. (circle) Fig. 25 7.3.3 Supplementary Functions

Enabling / disabling the arc compensation.
Operating Value Measurement
Note: This setting is active for the
setting DIST : Charac teris tic 10 01 OMEAS: Inom,prim. C.T. Fig. 73
“Circle“ only. Setting for the primary nominal current of the
main current transformer.
12 40 DIST: Characteristic Fig. 18 This setting rule only applies if the secondary
Selection of the characteristic for the distance nominal current of the main current
measurement. transformer and the nominal current of the
Fig. 26 protection device are identical. Generally
12 41 DIST: = (circle)
speaking, the setting must be in accordance
This setting is of significance with the circular
with the expression Tnom,CT × Inom,relay
characteristic only when the setting
(where T is the transmission ratio).
“With arc compensation“ is active. In this
case, the setting of = determines the point at
which arc compensation becomes active. 10 02 OMEAS: Vnom,prim. V.T. Fig. 73
Setting for the primary nominal voltage of the
12 42 DIST: Z1 (circle) Fig. 27 main voltage transformer.
12 43 DIST: Z2 (circle) Fig. 26 This setting rule only applies if the secondary
12 44 DIST: Z3 (circle) Fig. 26 nominal voltage of the main voltage
12 45 DIST: Z4 (circle) Fig. 26 transformer and the nominal voltage of the
Impedance limit setting for impedance zones protection device are identical. Generally
1 to 4 in secondary values. speaking, the setting must be in accordance
with the expression Tnom,VT × Vnom,relay
Note: Zone 4 can be used as a special (where T is the transmission ratio).
zone (see D I S T : Z o n e 4
setting). This must be taken into
account when setting Z4. Pass-Through Functions
17 21 PASS: tEM1 Fig. 71
Timer stage setting.
17 30 PASS: Op. mode tEM1 Fig. 71
Selection of timer stage operating mode.

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7 Settings
(continued)

Ground Fault Direction Determination Using Steady-State Operate delay setting for the direction
Values decision in the backward direction.
16 60 GFDSS: Enabled Fig. 54 16 70 GFDSS: Connect. meas.circ. Fig. 56
Deactivation or activation of steady-state Connection of the measuring circuits deter-
ground fault direction determination. The mines the directional measurement function
GFDSS function may be enabled only if the of steady-state ground fault direction deter-
nominal frequency is set to 50 Hz. mination. If the connection is as shown in
Chapter 5, then the setting must be Forward
16 61 GFDSS: tVN-G> Fig. 56
(value “1“) if the PD 521’s “forward” decision
Setting for the operate delay VN-G>. is to be in the direction of the outgoing
16 62 GFDSS: VN-G> Fig. 56 feeder. If the connection direction is
Setting for the neutral-point displacement reversed or – given the connection direction
voltage threshold value. according to Chapter 5 – if the “forward”
decision will be in the busbar direction, then
16 63 GFDSS: Operating mode Fig. 56 the setting must be “2.”
Setting for the operating mode of ground fault
direction determination using steady-state 16 71 GFDSS: Common reset Fig. 67
values. The following settings are possible: This setting determines whether the
¨ “cos phi circuit” for networks having measured data of steady-state ground fault
ground fault compensation, direction determination and the LED
¨ “sin phi circuit” for networks having an indicators shall be reset together.
isolated neutral. 16 72 GFDSS: Release delay LS Fig. 59
16 64 GFDSS: IN,act>/IN,reac> LS Fig. 59 Release delay setting for the direction
Setting for the threshold value of the active or decision in the forward direction.
reactive component of the ground current, the 16 73 GFDSS: Release delay BS Fig. 59
value that must be exceeded in order for the Release delay setting for the direction
LS (line side) direction decision to be decision in the backward direction.
enabled.
16 90 GFDSS: Select GFD/GF Fig. 54
16 65 GFDSS: Sector angle LS Fig. 59
This setting determines whether a steady-
Sector angle setting for measurement in the state power evaluation or a steady-state
direction of the line side. current evaluation shall be carried out.
Note: This setting is only active if the
16 91 GFDSS: f0 (GFD) Fig. 56
operating mode “cos phi circuit”
Frequency setting for the measured
has been selected.
variables that will be evaluated by steady-
16 66 GFDSS: Operate delay LS Fig. 59 state power evaluation.
Operate delay setting for the direction 16 92 GFDSS: f0 (GF) Fig. 61
decision in the forward direction.
Frequency setting for the measured
16 67 GFDSS: IN,act>/IN,reac> BS Fig. 59 variables that will be evaluated by steady-
Setting for the threshold value of the active or state current evaluation.
reactive component of the ground current, the 16 93 GFDSS: IN> Fig. 61
value that must be exceeded in order for the
Operate value setting for steady-state
BS (busbar side) direction decision to be
current evaluation.
enabled.
16 94 GFDSS: Operate delay IN Fig. 61
16 68 GFDSS: Sector angle BS Fig. 59
Operate delay setting for steady-state current
Sector angle setting for measurement in the
evaluation.
direction of the busbar side.
16 95 GFDSS: Release delay IN Fig. 61
Note: This setting is only active if the
Release delay setting for steady-state
operating mode “cos phi circuit”
current evaluation.
has been selected.

16 69 GFDSS: Operate delay BS Fig. 59 Fault Localization

10 05 FLOC: Line length Fig. 79

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7 Settings
(continued)

This setting defines in km the section that the Backup Overcurrent-Time Protection (Backup DTOC)
fault locator considers to be 100 % when
calculating the fault distance. 14 00 BUOC: Operating mode Fig. 38
The operating mode of backup overcurrent-
10 11 FLOC: Start determination Fig. 79 time protection is selected. The following
This setting determines at what point during a operating modes are possible:
fault the fault data shall be measured. Without backup DTOC
With backup DTOC
10 12 FLOC: Line reactance Fig. 79
This setting defines the reactance (X) that the 17 00 BUOC: I> Fig. 38
fault locator considers to be 100% when Threshold operate value for phase currents in
calculating the fault distance. backup overcurrent-time protection.
17 03 BUOC: IN> Fig. 38
Overcurrent (I>) Signal Threshold operate value for ground fault
current in backup overcurrent-time protection.
14 04 I>SIG: Threshold value Fig. 72
Threshold setting for the overcurrent signal. Note: A trip command is issued only if
MAIN: Neutral-point treat.
14 08 I>SIG: t Fig. 72 is set to Low-impedance
Operate delay setting. grounding.
17 04 BUOC: tI> Fig. 38
Circuit Breaker Failure Protection Operate delay for backup overcurrent-time
11 67 CBF: tCBF Fig. 53 protection.
Setting for the operate delay time after which 17 08 BUOC: tIN> Fig. 38
a “circuit breaker failure” signal shall be Operate delay for backup overcurrent-time
issued. protection.

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7 Settings
(continued)

Fault Recording Protective Signaling

03 78 FREC: Pre-fault time Fig. 81 15 00 PSIG: Operating mode Fig. 50
Setting for the period during which data are The protective signaling operating mode
recorded before the start of a fault. setting. The following settings are possible:
03 79 FREC: Post-fault time Fig. 81 Direct transfer trip underreaching
Setting for the period during which data are PUTT (Permissive underreaching
recorded after the end of a fault. transfer tripping)
03 95 FREC: Time-switching Fig. 75
Zone extension
Specification of standard time or daylight Signal comparison, releasing scheme
saving time. Signal comparison, blocking scheme
This setting is necessary so that the times Signal comparison, pilot wire
assigned to signals and fault data, which can Reverse interlocking
be read out from the PC or ILSA interfaces, 15 02 PSIG: Reset time send Fig. 51
will not be incorrectly interpreted. This setting determines the duration of the
03 96 FREC: Time of day Fig. 75 send signal.
Time of day setting for time tagging of 15 03 PSIG: Echo on receive Fig. 52
signals. This setting determines whether protective
03 97 FREC: Date Fig. 75 signaling shall operate with or without an
Day and month setting for dating faults and echo.
monitoring signals. 15 04 PSIG: Enabled USER Fig. 40
03 98 FREC: Year Fig. 75 Deactivation or activation of protective
Year setting for dating faults and monitoring signaling.
signals. 15 11 PSIG: Tripping time Fig. 41
The tripping time replaces distance
protection timer stage t1 when protective
signaling is ready.
15 12 PSIG: DC loop op. mode Fig. 51
This setting determines whether the
transmitting relay shall be operated in an
energize-on-signal or in a normally-energized
arrangement (‘open-circuit’ or ‘closed-circuit’
operation).
Note: This setting is only possible in the
operating mode referred to as
Signal comparison, pilot wire.

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7 Settings
(continued)

Self-Monitoring
03 15 MON: Peripheral fault Fig. 35
This setting determines whether monitoring
signals issued in the event of faults in the
measuring circuits are also entered into the
monitoring signal memory.
14 01 MON: Meas.circuit mon. Fig. 36
Deactivation or activation of measuring-circuit
monitoring.

Note: If measuring-circuit monitoring is

deactivated, backup overcurrent-
time protection will operate only
if the binary signal input
configured MAIN: M.c.b. trip
VLS EX T is triggered.
14 02 MON: Threshold value Ineg Fig. 36
The threshold value setting determines the
permissible unbalance in the current
measuring circuit.
14 03 MON: Trip by Ineg Fig. 36
This setting determines whether a “trip” shall
occur in the event of unbalance in the circuit.
14 07 MON: Meas. volt. circuit Fig. 37
One of the following monitoring mechanisms
is selected:
o Vneg
o Vneg with current enable
o Voltage monitoring with CB contact
enable

Switch on to Fault Protection

11 60 SOTF: Manual close timer Fig. 39
Setting for the timer stage that will be started
by a manual close.
11 61 SOTF: Operating mode Fig. 39
The operating mode setting determines
whether during elapsing of the timer stage a
general start will lead to a trip (“Trip with
starting”) or whether the measuring range of
impedance zone 1 will be extended by the
D I S T : k z e H S R zone extension factor
(“Zone extension”).

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8 Information and Control Functions

The PD 521 generates a large number of signals, 04 55 OMEAS: Load angle phi A Fig. 74
processes binary input signals and acquires measured 04 56 OMEAS: Load angle phi B Fig. 74
data during fault-free operation of the protected object; it 04 57 OMEAS: Load angle phi C Fig. 74
also acquires measured fault-related data. For statistical Display of the updated load angle value in
purposes a number of counters is maintained. This phases A, B and C.
information can be read out from the integrated local
control panel. 05 40 OMEAS: Current A prim. Fig. 73
05 41 OMEAS: Current A p.u. Fig. 73
8.1 Measured Values Display of the updated phase current value in
A as a primary quantity or referred to Inom.
04 40 OMEAS: Frequency f Fig. 73 05 42 OMEAS: Voltage A-G prim. Fig. 73
Display of system frequency. 05 43 OMEAS: Voltage A-G p.u. Fig. 73
04 41 OMEAS: Volt. VN-G prim. Fig. 73 Display of the updated value for the phase-
04 42 OMEAS: Volt. VN-G p.u. Fig. 73
to-ground voltage A-G as a primary value or
Display of the updated value for the neutral- referred to Vnom.
point displacement voltage as a primary 05 44 OMEAS: Voltage A-B prim. Fig. 73
quantity or referred to Vnom. 05 45 OMEAS: Voltage A-B p.u. Fig. 73
04 43 OMEAS: Current IN prim. Fig. 73 Display of the updated value for the phase-
04 44 OMEAS: Current IN p.u. Fig. 73
to-phase voltage A-B as a primary value or
Display of the updated ground current value referred to Vnom.
as a primary quantity or referred to Inom. 06 40 OMEAS: Current B prim. Fig. 73
Either the current calculated by the PD 521 or 06 41 OMEAS: Current B p.u. Fig. 73
- if ground-fault direction determination using Display of the updated value for the phase
steady-state values is ready – the measured current in B as a primary quantity or referred
current is displayed. to Inom.
04 45 OMEAS: Curr. IN,act p.u. Fig. 59 06 42 OMEAS: Voltage B-G prim. Fig. 73
Display of the updated value of the active 06 43 OMEAS: Voltage B-G p.u. Fig. 73
ground current component referred to Inom. Display of the updated value for the phase-
04 46 OMEAS: Curr. IN,reac p.u. Fig. 59 to-ground voltage B-G as a primary quantity
Display of the updated value of the reactive or referred to Vnom.
ground current component referred to Inom. 06 44 OMEAS: Voltage B-C prim. Fig. 73
04 47 OMEAS: Current IN filt. p.u. Fig. 73 06 45 OMEAS: Voltage B-C p.u. Fig. 73
Display of the updated value for the harmonic Display of the updated value for the phase-
content of the ground current, referred to to-phase voltage B-C as a primary quantity
Inom. This is only displayed if steady-state or referred to Vnom.
current evaluation is enabled. 07 40 OMEAS: Current C prim. Fig. 73
04 50 OMEAS: Act. power P prim. Fig. 74 07 41 OMEAS: Current C p.u. Fig. 73
04 51 OMEAS: Act. power P p.u. Fig. 74 Display of the updated phase current value in
Display of the updated value of active power C as a primary quantity or referred to Inom.
as a primary quantity or referred to Snom. 07 42 OMEAS: Voltage C-G prim. Fig. 73
04 52 OMEAS: Reac. power Q prim. Fig. 74 07 43 OMEAS: Voltage C-G p.u. Fig. 73
04 53 OMEAS: Reac. power Q p.u. Fig. 74 Display of the updated value for the phase-
Display of the updated value of reactive to-ground voltage C-G as a primary quantity
power as a primary quantity or referred to or referred to Vnom.
Snom. 07 44 OMEAS: Voltage C-A prim. Fig. 73
04 54 OMEAS: Power factor Fig. 74 07 45 OMEAS: Voltage C-A p.u. Fig. 73
Display of the updated power factor value. Display of the updated value for the phase-
to-phase voltage C-A as a primary quantity
or referred to Vnom.

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8 Information and Control Functions
(continued)

04 21 FMEAS: Operating time Fig. 78 04 28 FMEAS: Fault reactance Fig. 79

Display of the operating time of the last fault. Display of the fault reactance of the last fault
in 9 as secondary quantity.
The operating time is defined as the time
This value is only displayed if the fault has
between starting and ending of PD 521
been detected by the PD 521’s distance
general starting.
protection function.
04 22 FLOC: Fault location Fig. 79
04 29 FMEAS: Fault react. prim. Fig. 79
The fault location of the last fault is displayed
Display of the fault reactance of the last fault
in km.
in 9 as primary quantity.
This value is only displayed if the fault has This value is only displayed if the fault has
been detected by the PD 521’s distance been detected by the PD 521‘s distance
protection function. protection function.
04 23 FMEAS: Fault impedance Fig. 79 04 37 FMEAS: Load impedance Fig. 80
The fault impedance of the last fault is Display of load impedance in 9 when
displayed in 9. distance protection starting ends.
This value is only displayed if the fault has This value is only displayed if the fault has
been detected by the PD 521’s distance been detected by the PD 521’s distance
protection function. protection function.
04 24 FMEAS: Fault loop angle Fig. 79 04 38 FMEAS: Load angle Fig. 80
The fault angle of the last fault is displayed in Display of the load angle in degrees when
degrees. distance protection starting ends.
This value is only displayed if the fault has This value is only displayed if the fault has
been detected by the PD 521’s distance been detected by the PD 521‘s distance
protection function. If fault voltages are lower protection function.
than 2 V, the set angle = is displayed.
04 39 FMEAS: Residual current Fig. 80
04 25 FMEAS: Fault current p.u. Fig. 79 Display of the ground current of the last fault
The fault current of the last fault is displayed referred to Inom.
referred to Inom.. If the fault was detected by This value is only displayed if the fault has
the PD 521’s distance protection function, a been detected by the PD 521‘s distance
phase current is displayed depending on the protection function.
measuring loop selected. If the fault was
detected by the backup overcurrent-time 04 48 FMEAS: GF angle Fig. 79
protection function, then the maximum phase Display of the ground fault angle of the last
current is displayed. fault in degrees.
This value is only displayed if the PD 521’s
04 26 FMEAS: Fault voltage p.u. Fig. 79 distance protection function selects a phase-
The fault voltage of the last fault is displayed to-ground loop for measurement.
referred to Vnom.
This value is only displayed if the fault has 04 49 FMEAS: Fault IN p.u. Fig. 79
been detected by the PD 521’s distance Display of the ground fault current of the last
protection function. fault referred to Inom.
This value is only displayed if the PD 521’s
04 27 FLOC: Fault location % Fig. 79 distance protection function selects a phase-
The fault location of the last fault is displayed to-ground loop for measurement.
referred to the “F L O C : L i n e r e a c t a n c e ”
setting. 09 20 GFDSS: Voltage VN-G p.u. Fig. 66
This value is only displayed if the fault has Display of the neutral-point displacement
been detected by the PD 521’s distance voltage of the last ground fault referred to
protection function. Vnom.
This value is only displayed if the steady-state
power evaluation function of ground-fault
direction determination is activated.

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8 Information and Control Functions
(continued)

09 21 GMEAS: Current IN p.u. Fig. 66 8.2 State Signals

Display of the ground current of the last
ground fault referred to Inom. After the respective address is selected, the value display
This value is only displayed if the steady-state shows a value of "0" for "signal not transmitted" or "1" for
power evaluation function of ground fault "signal transmitted." The conditions that must be satisfied
direction determination is activated. for a signal to be transmitted are shown in the figures in
Chapter 3.
09 22 GMEAS: Curr. IN,act p.u. Fig. 66
Display of the active component of the ground
03 26 MAIN: Deactivate prot.EXT Fig.: 3
current of the last ground fault referred to
03 27 MAIN: Activate prot. EXT Fig.: 3
Inom.
03 28 MAIN: Prot. ext. activated Fig.: 3
This value is only displayed if the steady-state
power evaluation function of ground fault 04 60 MAIN: Protect. not ready Fig.: 84

direction determination is activated. 04 61 MAIN: M.c.b. trip VLS EXT Fig.: 35

04 62 I>SIG: Overcurrent Fig.: 72
09 23 GMEAS: Curr. IN,reac p.u. Fig. 66 04 63 MAIN: Ground fault Fig.: 6
Display of the reactive component of the 04 64 PSIG: Telecom. faulty EXT Fig.: 42
ground current of the last ground fault 04 65 MAIN: Blocked/faulty Fig.: 84
referred to Inom. 09 35 GFDSS: Direct. forw. /LS Fig.: 59
This value is only displayed if the steady-state 09 36 GFDSS: Direct. backw. /BS Fig.: 59
power evaluation function of ground-fault 09 37 GFDSS: tVN-G> elapsed Fig.: 56
direction determination is activated. 09 38 GFDSS: GF curr. meas. Fig.: 61
09 24 GMEAS: GF durat.steady-st Fig. 64 15 08 PSIG: Enabled Fig.: 40
Display of the ground fault duration of the last 21 13 MAIN: Trip cmd. blocked Fig.: 69
ground fault when steady-state power 35 00 FREC: Fault occurrence Fig.: 75
evaluation is being carried out by the ground 35 01 FREC: Signal mem.overflow Fig.: 77
fault direction determination function. 35 02 FREC: Faulty time tag
36 00 START: General starting Fig.: 68
09 25 GMEAS: IN filtered p.u. Fig. 66
36 01 START: Starting A Fig.: 68
Display of the ground current component of
36 02 START: Starting B Fig.: 68
the last ground fault with the set filter
frequency, referred to Inom. 36 03 START: Starting C Fig.: 68
36 04 START: Starting GF Fig.: 68
09 26 GMEAS: GF durat. curr.meas Fig. 65 36 05 MAIN: General trip signal Fig.: 69
Display of the ground fault duration of the last 36 09 DIST: Trip signal Fig.: 69
ground fault when steady-state current 36 13 BUOC: Starting Fig.: 38
evaluation is being carried out. 36 14 BUOC: Trip signal Fig.: 38
36 15 START: VN-G>> triggered Fig.: 7
36 16 START: tVN-G>> elapsed Fig.: 7
36 17 CBF: CB failure Fig.: 53
36 18 DIST: Fault forward/LS Fig.: 17
36 19 DIST: Fault backward/BS Fig.: 17
36 20 PSIG: t1 revers.interlock Fig.: 50
36 21 START: Zero sequ. start Fig.: 68
36 26 DIST: t1 elapsed Fig.: 28
36 27 DIST: t2 elapsed Fig.: 28
36 28 DIST: t3 elapsed Fig.: 28
36 29 DIST: t4 elapsed Fig.: 28
36 30 DIST: t5 elapsed Fig.: 28
36 31 DIST: t6 elapsed Fig.: 28
36 34 CBF: Input EXT Fig.: 53
36 35 PSIG: Send (signal) Fig.: 51
36 38 PSIG: Test telecom. EXT Fig.: 52
36 45 MAIN: Trip cmd. block EXT Fig.: 69
36 46 DIST: Zone extension EXT Fig.: 23
36 47 SOTF: Manual close EXT Fig.: 39
36 48 PSIG: Receive EXT Fig.: 50
36 49 PSIG: Blocking EXT Fig.: 40

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8 Information and Control Functions
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36 51 MAIN: CB closed sig. EXT Fig.: 37 The state of the binary inputs is displayed as
36 60 PSIG: Telecom. faulty Fig.: 42 follows:
36 63 SOTF: tManual-close runn. Fig.: 39
¨ Value of "0": not energized
36 64 SOTF: Trip aft. man.close Fig.: 39
36 65 DIST: Zone extension Fig.: 23 ¨ Value of "1": energized
36 66 CBF: tCBF running Fig.: 53
36 69 MON: Trip by Ineg Fig.: 36 This display appears regardless of the mode
36 70 MON: Warning Fig.: 82 setting for the binary signal inputs.
36 71 MAIN: General trip cmd. Fig.: 69
36 88 FLOC: Trigger EXT Fig.: 79
51 00 OUTP: State K 1
36 89 FREC: Trigger EXT Fig.: 81
51 02 OUTP: State K 2
37 18 MAIN: Man. trip cmd. EXT Fig.: 69
51 04 OUTP: State K 3
37 20 MON: Measuring circ.mon. Fig.: 35
51 06 OUTP: State K 4
37 21 BUOC: Backup DTOC mode Fig.: 38
51 08 OUTP: State K 5
37 24 PSIG: Send (transm. relay) Fig.: 51
51 10 OUTP: State K 6
37 27 PSIG: Ready Fig.: 40
51 12 OUTP: State K 7
37 28 PSIG: Not ready Fig.: 40
51 14 OUTP: State K 8
37 29 PSIG: Receive & gen.start Fig.: 49 The state of the output relays is displayed as
37 30 PASS: Output 1 (updating) Fig.: 71 follows:
37 31 PASS: Output 2 (updating) Fig.: 71
37 34 PASS: Output 1 (latching) Fig.: 71 ¨ Value of "0": output relay not activated
37 35 PASS: Output 2 (latching) Fig.: 71 ¨ Value of "1": output relay activated
37 70 PC/ILSA: Test mode EXT Fig.: 85
37 71 PC/ILSA: Test mode Fig.: 85
37 72 ILSA: Command enable EXT Fig.: 87 57 00 LED: State H 1
37 73 ILSA: Command enable Fig.: 87 57 02 LED: State H 2
37 74 ILSA: Sig./meas.block EXT Fig.: 87 57 04 LED: State H 3
37 75 ILSA: Sig./meas.block Fig.: 87 57 06 LED: State H 4
37 76 FREC: Trigger Fig.: 81 57 08 LED: State H 5
38 06 MAIN: Auxiliary address Fig.: 3 57 10 LED: State H 6
38 07 PSIG: Trip signal Fig.: 50 57 12 LED: State H 7
38 16 MAIN: Starting trig. EXT Fig.: 69 57 14 LED: State H 8
38 20 GFDSS: GF evaluation EXT Fig.: 54 57 16 LED: State H 9
38 23 MON: Volt. meas. circuits Fig.: 37 57 18 LED: State H 10
38 24 MON: Peripheral fault Fig.: 35 57 20 LED: State H 11
38 26 GFDSS: GFD ready Fig.: 54 57 22 LED: State H 12
38 27 GFDSS: GFD not ready Fig.: 54 The state of the LED indicators is displayed
38 28 GFDSS: GF ready Fig.: 54 as follows:
38 29 GFDSS: GF not ready Fig.: 54 ¨ Value of "0": LED indicator not activated
38 37 DIST: Fault in cable run Fig.: 32
38 46 MAIN: Prot. ext. disabled Fig.: 3 ¨ Value of "1": LED indicator activated
38 48 MON: Meas. volt. ok Fig.: 37
40 16 PASS: Input 1 EXT Fig.: 71
40 17 PASS: Input 2 EXT Fig.: 71
40 20 PASS: Output 1 (t) Fig.: 71

54 00 INP: State U 1
54 03 INP: State U 2

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8 Information and Control Functions
(continued)

8.3 Counters 09 01 GFDSS: No. GF backwd./BS Fig. 60

Number of ground faults in the backward
04 00 MAIN: No. general starts Fig. 68 direction.
Number of general startings. The counter is reset through the following
The counter is reset through address 03 02. addresses:
04 05 MAIN: No. def. trip cmds Fig. 70 03 02 MAIN: General reset
Number of final trip commands. 03 04 GFDSS: Reset counter
The counter is reset through address 03 02. 09 02 GFDSS: No. GF steady-st. Fig. 60
04 10 FREC: No. system disturb. Fig. 75 Number of ground faults detected by steady-
Number of system disturbances since the last state power evaluation.
signal memory reset. The counter is reset through the following
The counter is reset through the following addresses:
addresses: 03 02 MAIN: General reset
03 02 MAIN: General reset 03 04 GFDSS: Reset counter
03 06 MAIN: Res et s ig. m em ory 09 03 GFDSS: No. of GFs. (curr.) Fig. 62
04 19 MON: No. of mon.signals Fig. 83 Number of ground faults detected by steady-
Number of entries into the monitoring signal state current evaluation.
memory. The counter is reset through the following
The counter is reset through address 03 08. addresses:

04 20 FREC: No. of faults Fig. 75 03 02 MAIN: General reset

Number of faults since the signal memory 03 04 GFDSS: Reset counter
was last reset.
The counter is reset through the following
addresses:
03 02 MAIN: General reset
03 06 MAIN: Reset sig. memory
09 00 GFDSS: No. GF forwd./LS Fig. 60
Number of ground faults in the forward
direction.
The counter is reset through the following
addresses:
03 02 MAIN: General reset
03 04 GFDSS: Reset counter

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8 Information and Control Functions
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8.4 Control and Testing

03 06 FREC: Reset sig. memory Fig. 76
00 85 MAIN: Cold restart The following memories are reset:
A cold restart is executed. The setting is ¨ LED indicators
password-protected (see Section 6.7
“Password-Protected Control Operations”). ¨ Signal memory
A cold restart means that all settings are
¨ Fault counter
erased. The values that the protection device
operates with after a cold restart are given in ¨ Measured fault data
the address list in the “Default” column. They
¨ Fault records
are selected so that the protection device is
blocked after a cold restart. 03 08 MON: Reset mon. sig. mem. Fig. 83
A cold restart only needs to be carried out if The following memories are reset:
modules that are activated through address ¨ Monitoring signal memory
00 80 (IDENT: Add. HW modules) are to be
deactivated. ¨ Monitoring signal counter

03 02 MAIN: General reset Fig. 76 03 10 LOC: Param. change enabl.

The following memories are reset: This enabling function allows values to be
changed from the local control panel.
¨ All counters
03 39 MAIN: Warm restart
¨ LED indicators In a warm restart the protection device
¨ Signal memory functions as it does when the power supply
voltage is turned on.
¨ Fault counter
03 40 MAIN: Man. trip cmd. USER Fig. 69
¨ Measured fault data A trip command is issued from the local
¨ Measured ground fault data control panel for a period of 100 ms. The
setting is password-protected (see Section
¨ Fault records 6.7, "Password-Protected Control
The operation is password-protected (see Operations").
Sec. 6.7 "Password-Protected Control 03 41 FREC: Triggering USER Fig. 81
Operations"). Fault recording is enabled from the local
03 03 GFDSS: Reset meas. values Fig. 67 control panel for 500 ms.
All measured ground fault data are reset. 03 42 OUTP: Relay assign.f.test
03 04 GFDSS/TGFD: Reset counter Fig. 63 The relay that is to be tested is selected.
The counter for ground faults detected by 03 43 OUTP: Relay test
steady-state power evaluation is reset. The relay selected for testing is triggered for
the set time period (O U T P : H o l d - t i m e
f o r t e s t , address 03 44). The operation is
password-protected (see Section 6.7
"Password-Protected Control Operations").
Additionally, the test needs to be enabled by
activating the test mode (address 03 12 set to
“1“).
03 44 OUTP: Hold-time for test
Setting for the triggering time for the selected
output time during a function test.

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8 Information and Control Functions
(continued)

15 09 PSIG: Test telecom. USER Fig. 52

A send signal is transmitted for 500 ms. This
possibility does not exist if “P S I G :
O p e r a t i n g m o d e ” is set for "Direct
transfer trip underreaching."
21 10 MAIN: Reset indicat. USER Fig. 76
The following memories and storage devices
are reset:
¨ LED indicators
¨ Measured data for steady-state ground
fault direction determination, if
“G F D S S : C o m m o n r e s e t ” has been
set accordingly
¨ Measured fault data.

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9 Commissioning

Preparation If the protection device is to be set and fault records read

out through the PC or ILSA interface, then the following
After the PD 521 has been installed and connected in settings must first be made from the integrated local
accordance with Chapter 5, the commissioning procedure control panel. (These settings are only possible from the
can begin. local control panel.)
Before turning on the power supply voltage, the following ¨ PC: Baud rate (address 03 81)
items must be checked again:
¨ PC: Command enabling (address 03 80)
¨ Is the protection device connected to the protective
ground at the specified location?
¨ PC: Sig./meas.val.block (address 03 86)
¨ Does the nominal value of the auxiliary device voltage
¨ ILSA: Baud rate (address 03 71)
VA,nom agree with the nominal value of the auxiliary
system voltage?
¨ I L S A : C o m m a n d e n a b l e U S E R (address 03 70)
¨ Does the nominal value of the device control voltage
¨ I L S A : S i g . / m e a s . b l c k . U S E R (address 03 76)
Vin,nom agree with the nominal value of the system
control voltage?
¨ IDENT: Device password 1 (address 00 48)
¨ Are the current and voltage transformer connections,
grounding and phase sequence correct? ¨ IDENT: Device password 2 (address 00 49)

After the wiring work is completed, check the system to ¨ PC/ILSA: Device addr. (CU) (address 03 68)
make sure it is properly isolated. The conditions given in
VDE 0100 must be satisfied. ¨ PC/ILSA: Device addr. (PU) (address 03 69)

Once all checks have been made, the power supply ¨ FREC: Time-switching (address 03 95)
voltage may be turned on. After voltage has been applied,
the protection device starts up. During startup various ¨ FREC: Time of day (address 03 96)
startup tests are carried out (see Section 3.18, "Self-
Monitoring"). The LED indicators for "Operation" (H2) and ¨ FREC: Date (address 03 97)
"Blocked/Faulty" (H3) light up. After approximately 11 s
the PD 521 is ready for operation. This is indicated when ¨ FREC: Year (address 03 98)
the display changes from address 99 00 to the preset
address (factory-set default: 03 10). Further instructions regarding these settings are given in
Chapters 7 and 8.
In as-received condition the keyboard is not locked.
Therefore all settings can be made after the change
enabling command (address 03 10) has been issued. The
procedure for entering settings from the integrated local
control panel is described in Chapter 6.

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9 Commissioning
(continued)

After the settings have been made, the following checks
should be carried out once again:
¨ Does the function assignment of the binary signal
inputs agree with the terminal connection diagram?
¨ Has the correct operating mode been selected for the
binary signal inputs?
¨ Does the function assignment of the output relays
agree with the terminal connection plan?
¨ Have all settings been made correctly?
Now the blocks at the following addresses can be cleared:
¨ Address 03 30: M A I N : P r o t e c t i o n a c t i v e "on".
¨ Address 21 12: MAIN: T r i p c m d . b l o c k U S E R .
Testing
By using the signals and displays generated by the
PD 521 it is possible to determine whether the PD 521 is
correctly set and properly interconnected with the station.
Signals are signaled by output relays and LED indicators
and entered into the signal memory. In addition, the
signals can be checked by selecting the appropriate signal
addresses.
Checking the Binary Signal Inputs
When the binary signal inputs are configured for the
appropriate signals, then it is possible to determine from
the signals (see Section 8.2) whether the protection device
recognizes the binary signals correctly.
¨ Address 54 00: display of the current state of binary
signal input U1
¨ Address 54 03: display of the current state of binary
signal input U2
The displayed values have the following meanings:
¨ Value of "0": Not energized.
¨ Value of "1": Energized.
This display appears regardless of the binary signal input
mode selected.
Checking the Output Relays
It is possible to trigger the output relays for a settable time
period for test purposes (time setting at address 03 44).
First set value „1“ at address 03 12 ( PC/ILSA: T es t
m ode USER), then select the output relay to be tested
(address 03 42). Test triggering then occurs through
address 03 43. It is password-protected (see Chapter 6,
Section "Password-Protected Control Operations").

If the circuit breaker will not be operated during testing,

the trip command can be blocked through address 21 12
or an appropriately configured binary signal input. If a test
of the circuit breaker is desired, it is possible to issue a trip
command for 100 ms through address 03 40 or an
appropriately configured binary signal input. Selection of
the trip command from the integrated local control panel is
password-protected (see Section 6.7, "Password-
Protected Control Operations").

If the PD 521 is connected to a control station it is

advisable to activate the test mode via address 03 12 or
an appropriately configured binary signal input. The
messages are then identified accordingly (reason for
transmission: test mode).

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9 Commissioning
(continued)

Checking the Protective Function

Checking Distance Protection

When checking distance protection with a single-phase
test device, the measuring circuit monitoring function
should be deactivated (address 14 01) since it would
otherwise always operate and thus block distance
protection after approximately 10 s. If the signal M A I N :
M . c . b . t r i p V L S E X T is assigned to a binary signal
input then the latter must have a logic value of "0."

Checking the Fault Detection Logic

The fault detection settings can be illustrated in a V-I
diagram (see Figure 104). The slope of the impedance
line plotted in the V-I diagram is a function of the settings
for underimpedance fault detection logic and the phase
displacement between the measured variables (see
Figure 104).

104 Characteristic of underimpedance fault detection logic

When checking underimpedance fault detection logic

using single-phase test current we obtain the following
relation for the operate condition for a phase-to-phase
loop:

V test
= 2 × Z<
I test

V test × e jjtest
= 2 × Z < × e j jZ
I test × e j0 °

For absolute value (modulus) and angle this means:

V test
= 2 × Z< 0
103 Example of the fault detection settings in a V-I diagram I test

jtest = j Z
Checking I> (IN), V< and I>>:
The phase displacement between the measured variables
V and I should be selected so as to be smaller than the
set angle “START: b . ”

Checking Z<:
The phase displacement between the measured variables
V and I should be selected so as to be greater than the set
angle START: b .

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9 Commissioning
(continued)

where: When checking phase-to-ground startings, the setting

ST ART : Z evaluation must be taken into account. If
Z<: starting impedance "ZPG=VPG / 2*/P" is set then the equations set out for
phase-to-phase startings apply. If, on the other hand,
jZ : impedance angle "ZPG=VPG /(/P + kG*IN)" is set then the complex ground
factor kG that has been set must be taken into account if
the setting for D I S T : k G a b s . v a l u e is not equal to
Vtest: test voltage
one and/or the setting for D I S T : k G a n g l e is not
equal to 0°. When the test is carried out using single-
I test : test current
phase test current, the following relation for the operate
jtest: phase angle between test voltage and test condition is obtained:
current
V test
= 1 + kG  × Z <
The starting impedance is calculated in the range of the I test
reactance limit, that is, for impedance angle j Z in the
range jL < jz < 110° as follows:
V test × e jj test
Xfw I test × e j 0°  
= 1 + k G × e jj G × Z < × e jj Z
Z< =
sinj Z
For absolute value and angle this means:
Xfw : START: X f w setting

The limit angle jL is defined by the point of intersection of V test æ 2 ö

reactance and resistance limits and is calculated as = ç1 + k G + 2 × k G × cosjG ÷ × Z <
I test è ø
follows:

j L = arc tan
X fw sinjZ + k G × sin jZ + jG 
Rfw jtest = arc tan
cosjZ + k G × cos jZ + jG 
Rfw : START: Rfw P-G or
START: Rfw P-P setting or

If underimpedance fault detection logic is to be checked

sinj test + k G × sin j test - jG 
under all angle conditions, then the starting impedances j Z = arc tan
for the individual angle ranges are calculated according to cos j test + k G × cos j test - jG 
the following formulas:
where
Angle Range Starting Impedance
Z<: starting impedance
b £ jZ £ jL Rfw
Z< = jZ : impedance angle
cosj Z

(180°+ b ) £ j Z £ (180°+j L ) Rfw Z kG : “D I S T : k G a b s . v a l u e ” setting

Z< = × bw
cosj Z Z fw
jG : “D I S T : k G a n g l e ” setting
(180°+j L ) < j Z £ 290° X fw Z bw
Z< = × Vtest: test voltage
sinj Z Z fw
I test : test current

b: START: b setting jtest : phase angle between test voltage and test current

Zbw
: START: Zbw/Zfw setting
Zfw

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9 Commissioning
(continued)

From the input measured variables the PD 521 calculates Checking Distance and Directional Measurement
the residual current IN and the neutral-point displacement
When checking the impedance zones using single-phase
voltage VN-G, , which are used for ground starting. They
test current we obtain the following relation for the operate
are calculated according to the following formulas:
condition for a phase-to-phase loop:

I N = I A + I B + IC V test
= 2 × Z<
I test

1
V N -G = × V A -G + V B - G + V C - G V test × e jj test
3 = 2 × Z < × e jj Z
I test × e j 0 °
For a single-phase test where V A-G = V C -G = 0 , the
For absolute value and angle this means:
result of the calculation formula for VN-G just cited is that
the START: V N - G > or S T A R T : V N - G > > triggers
operate if the test voltage exceeds the following value: V test
= 2 × Z<
I test
Vnom
V test = 3 × VN-G > × j test = j Z
3

where
VN-G>: S T A R T : V N - G > or
START: VN-G>> setting Z<: tripping impedance

For a single-phase test where I B = I C = 0 , the following jZ : impedance angle

applies to currents:
Vtest: test voltage

I test = IN > ×Inom I test : test current

j test : phase angle between test voltage and test current

IN>: “S T A R T : I N > “ s e t t i n g
Operation of ground starting is only signaled by the LED
indicator if starting in a phase also operates. The
operation of ground starting independent of operation of
phase starting can be observed at address 36 21.
With the PD 521, the user may choose between a
polygonal and a circular tripping characteristic. This
selection of the tripping characteristic will then govern the
calculation of the tripping impedances.

The values determined by the PD 521 for the residual

current IN and the neutral-point displacement voltage VN-G
are displayed by the operating data displays at addresses
04 44 (current) and 04 42 (voltage).

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9 Commissioning
(continued)

DIST : Charact erist ic “Polygon“ Setting In the range of the resistance limits, that is, for impedance
angles in the range of 0° < jZ < jL, the tripping impedance
The tripping impedance is calculated in the range of the
is calculated according to the following formula:
reactance limits, that is, for impedance angle jZ in the
range jL < jZ < 90°, as follows:
R
Z< =
sin j Z
X cos j Z -
Z< = tan a
sinj Z
When checking phase-to-ground loops the complex
X: Settings D I S T : X1 to D I S T : X 4 ground factor kG that has been set must be taken into
account if the setting for D I S T : k G a b s . v a l u e is
The limit angle jL is defined by the point of intersection of not equal to one and/or the setting for D I S T : k G
reactance and resistance limits and is calculated as a n g l e is not equal to 0°. When the test is carried out
follows: using single-phase test current, the following relation for
the operate condition is obtained:
X
j L = arc tan V test
R+
X
tan a I test

= 1 + kG × Z<
R: Settings
V test × e jj test
DIST: R1 P-G to DIST: R4 P-G or
I test × e j 0°
 
= 1 + k G × e jj G × Z < × e jj Z
DIST: R1 P-P to DIST: R4 P-P
a: Settings DIST: a For absolute amount and angle this means:

V test æ 2 ö
= ç1 + k G + 2 × k G × cosjG ÷ × Z <
I test è ø

sinj Z + k G × sinj Z + j G 
j test = arc tan
cos j Z + k G × cosj Z + j G 

or

sinj test + k G × sinj test - j G 

j Z = arc tan
cos j test + k G × cosj test - j G 

where

Z<: tripping impedance

jZ : impedance angle

kG : DIST: kG abs. value setting

jG DIST: kG angle setting

105 Impedance characteristic for distance and directional
determination for the “Polygon“ setting Vtest: test voltage

I test : test current

j test : phase angle between test voltage and test current

89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN 133

9 Commissioning
(continued)

In impedance zone 1 the set zone extension factor kze DIST : Characteristic “Circle“ Setting
enters into the tripping impedance in all fault cases.
If a circular tripping characteristic has been selected, the
Rtrip = kze × R
tripping impedance is set on the PD 521. If, in addition, the
setting “Arc compensation: yes “ has been chosen then,
Xtrip = kze × X for the measurement of sine variables, the characteristic
shown in Figure 106 is obtained.
where

Rtrip: actual tripping resistance

Xtrip: actual tripping reactance
kze: Setting
DIST: kze P-G HSR or
DIST: kze P-P HSR
R: S etting D I S T : R 4 P - G to D I S T : R 4 P - G
or D I S T : R 4 P - P to D I S T : R 4 P - P

X: S etting DIST: X1 to DIST: X4

Whether the zone extension factor kze HSR is active or not

is controlled by the following protective functions:

¨ Switch on to fault protection

¨ An appropriately configured signal input

¨ Protective signaling (teleprotection)

106 Impedance characteristic for distance and directional
determination for the “Circle“ setting

The actual tripping impedance in the ranges

-45 ° < j Z < a and 135 ° < j Z < ( a + 180 ° ) is then
calculated as follows:

Z trip = Z × (1 + sin @ )

In the range -45 ° < j Z < a the following relation holds:

d = a - jZ

In the range 135 ° < j Z < ( a + 180 ° ) we have:

d = a - j Z + 180 °

134 89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN

9 Commissioning
(continued)

where: where

Z trip : actual tripping impedance Z<: tripping impedance

Z: setting D I S T : Z 1 to D I S T : Z 4 jZ : impedance angle

jZ : impedance angle kG : DIST: kG abs. value setting

a: setting D I S T : a jG DIST: kG angle setting

When checking phase-to-ground loops the complex Vtest: test voltage

ground factor kG that has been set must be taken into
account if the setting for D I S T : k G a b s . v a l u e is I test : test current
not equal to one and/or the setting for D I S T : k G
a n g l e is not equal to 0°. When the test is carried out
j test : phase angle between test voltage and test current
using single-phase test current, the following relation for
the operate condition is obtained:

V test In impedance zone 1 the set zone extension factor kze

I test

= 1 + kG × Z<  enters into the tripping impedance in all fault cases.

Ztrip = kze × Z1
V test × e jj test
I test × e j 0°  
= 1 + k G × e jj G × Z < × e jj Z where

Ztrip: actual tripping impedance

For absolute amount and angle this means:
kze: Setting
DIST: kze P-G HSR or
V test æ 2 ö DIST: kze P-P HSR
= ç1 + k G + 2 × kG × cosjG ÷ × Z <
I test è ø
Z1: S etting DIST: Z1

Whether the zone extension factor kze HSR is active or not

sinj Z + k G × sinj Z + j G  is controlled by the following protective functions:
j test = arc tan
cos j Z + k G × cosj Z + j G 
¨ Switch on to fault protection

or ¨ An appropriately configured signal input

sinj test + k G × sinj test - j G  ¨ Protective signaling (teleprotection)

j Z = arc tan
cos j test + k G × cosj test - j G 

89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN 135

9 Commissioning
(continued)

Checking the Voltage Memory Checking Measuring Circuit Monitoring

In certain cases the voltage stored by the voltage memory
is used for direction determination. If the voltage memory
is to be tested using a single-phase test device, checking
should only be done for an A-B fault.
The voltage memory is enabled if the following two
conditions are satisfied:
Both the current and voltage measuring circuits are
monitored. Operation of the monitoring functions can be
observed by selecting addresses 37 20 (operation of
current or voltage monitoring) or 38 23 (operation of
voltage monitoring). The monitoring signals can also be
entered into the monitoring signal memory and identified
by reading out the monitoring signal memory.

¨ Voltage V A- B > 0.65 × Vnom . Monitoring of current-measuring circuits functions only if

0.125 × Inom flows in at least one phase. The PD 521
determines from the three phase currents the absolute
¨ The frequency is in the range 0.99 × fnom < f < 101
. × fnom . value of the negative-sequence component, which is
calculated according to the following formula:
With starting the voltage memory is decoupled from the
synchronizing voltage (VA-B), and the stored voltage can
be used for directional measurement for 2 s maximum. I neg =
1
3
× I A + a2 × I B + a × IC 
The PD 521 determines, on the basis of the magnitude of 0

the fault voltage, whether the direction will be determined a = e j 120

0
using the fault voltage, the stored voltage or the set a 2 = e j 240
angle a (D I S T : a ). The following possibilities exist:
The operate condition for the current measuring circuits is
Angle for Direction Determination with:
I neg ³ (Ineg > ) × I P,max
Voltage 0.002 × Vnom < V meas < 0.15 × Vnom V meas < 0.002 × Vnom
memory
where
Enabled jX jX
Ineg >: M O N : T h r e s h o l d v a l u e I n e g setting
Not enabled jF a
With a single-phase test current we obtain

jX: angle determined using the stored voltage 1

I neg = ×I
3 test
jF: angle determined using the selected measured
variables
I P,max = I test
Vmeas: selected measuring voltage
The method by which jX is determined is described in For the operate conditions that means:
Chapter 3, Section "Distance and Directional
Measurement." 1
×I ³ (Ineg > ) × I test
3 test
Whether connection of the distance protection function to
the system’s current and voltage transformers involves the 0.333 ³ (Ineg >)
correct phase can be checked using the operating data
displays for load angle (addresses 04 55 to 04 57). The Therefore operation of current measuring circuit
load angles for all three phases must be approximately monitoring with single-phase test current is only possible if
equal. The load angles are only determined if at least 5% the threshold operate value is set smaller than 0.333.
of the nominal device current is flowing.

136 89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN

9 Commissioning
(continued)

For two-phase test current in phase opposition we obtain:
1 1
I neg = × I test + a 2 × ( - I test ) = × I test
3 3
If negative-sequence monitoring has been enabled, the
PD 521 determines the absolute value of negative-
sequence voltage according to the following formula:

IP,max = Itest V neg =

1
3

× V A - G + a 2 × V B - G + a × V C -G 
For the operate condition this means: 0
a = e j 120
0
1 a 2 = e j 240
× I test ³ (Ineg >) × I test
3
The trigger threshold of Vneg is set permanently at
0.577 ³ (Ineg> ) 0.2 × Vnom / 3 . In the case of a single-phase test using
V B-G = V C -G = 0 , the result of that and of the previously
Therefore operation of current measuring circuit
cited calculation formula for Vneg is that the trigger
monitoring with a two-phase test current in phase
operates when the test voltage exceeds the following
opposition is only possible if the threshold operate value is
value:
set smaller than 0.577.

If the threshold operate value satisfies the respective Vnom

condition, then current measuring circuit monitoring V test ³ 3 × 0.2 ×
3
operates with a test current greater than 0.125 Inom after
the operate delay of 10.1 s has elapsed.
A signal is not issued until the operate delay totaling 9.8 s
Negative-sequence monitoring of the voltage measuring has elapsed.
circuits is enabled if at least one phase-to-ground voltage
exceeds the value 0.7 × Vnom / 3 . Other enabling criteria
that can be activated on an optional basis are the following
(selection of enabling criteria at address 14 07):

¨ A phase current must exceed 0.05 × Inom.

¨ The signal at the binary signal input configured for

A R C : C B c l o s e d s i g . E X T must have a logic
value of "1."

89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN 137

9 Commissioning
(continued)
Checking Backup Overcurrent Time Protection
The switch to backup overcurrent time protection (BUOC)
— if it has been appropriately set — is brought about by
measuring circuit monitoring or the tripping of the voltage
transformer miniature circuit breaker on the line side.
If the current exceeds the set threshold operate value
BUOC: I > , then starting occurs in the corresponding
phase(s). After the set time delay B U O C : t I > has
elapsed, the PD 521 trips. If M A I N : N e u t r a l p o i n t
t r e a t ( m e n t ) is set to "Low-impedance-grounding“,
then an SN start occurs if the residual current IN
calculated by the PD 521 exceeds the set threshold
B U O C : I N > . After the set time delay B U O C : t I N >
has elapsed, the PD 521 trips.
The PD 521 calculates the residual current IN according to
the following formula:
I N = I A + I B + IC
From this we obtain in the case of a single-phase test (for
example, IB = IC = 0) a test current of
I test = IN > ×Inom
at which the operate threshold BUOC: I N > is reached.
If the PD 521 is operating with protective signaling or
ARC, tripping of the backup overcurrent time protection
proceeds after the corresponding tripping times have
elapsed.
138
Checking Protective Signaling
The protective signaling function can only be checked if
protective signaling is ready. This is displayed at address
37 27 (P S I G : R e a d y ).
If protective signaling is not ready, this may be caused by
the following reasons:
¨ Protective signaling is not activated. This can be
checked at address 15 04 P S I G : E n a b l e d
U S E R . (The address is set to "0".)
¨ Protective signaling has been blocked by triggering a
correspondingly configured binary signal input
(P S I G : B l o c k i n g E X T , address 36 49).
¨ A fault has been detected in the communications
channel. (This can be checked at address 36 60.)
If the conditions for testing are satisfied, it is possible to
generate a send signal for test purposes from the
integrated local control panel (address 15 09) or by
triggering a correspondingly configured binary signal input
(P S I G : T e s t t e l e c o m . E X T ). This pulse will be
present for 500 ms and is extended for the set reset time.
If the “with echo" setting has been selected in the
protection device at the remote station, then the received
signal is returned. The "with echo" setting is only active in
the following protective signaling operating modes:
¨ PUTT (permissive underreaching transfer tripping)
¨ Zone extension
¨ Signal comparison release scheme
¨ Signal comparison blocking scheme
The possibility for testing does not exist if
P S I G : O p e r a t i n g m o d e has been set for
Direct transfer trip underreaching.
89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
9 Commissioning
(continued)

Checking Steady-State Ground Fault Direction Auxiliary Circuit in Resonant-Grounded Systems

Determination
First the fuse in phase A of the voltage transformer is
If both the ground current and the neutral-point
removed and the associated secondary side is short-
displacement voltage formed from the three phase-to-
circuited (see Figures 107 and 108). As a result a
ground voltages are available as measured variables, the
displacement voltage VN-G is obtained whose magnitude
PD 521 determines the ground fault direction through
evaluation of the ground fault using steady-state values. is smaller by a factor of 3 than that of the displacement
Switching between steady-state power evaluation and voltage in the case of a dead fault to ground.
steady-state current evaluation is done from the integrated
local control panel or by triggering an appropriately If the current is measured in a Holmgreen group then the
configured binary signal input. current transformer in A on the secondary side must be
disconnected and short-circuited (see Figure 107).
If allowed by system operation, a ground fault can be
closed on the busbar side (BS) or the line side (LS). The
PD 521 must then transmit the corresponding signals.
However, a requirement is that the set thresholds for
ground current (G F D S S : I N , a c t > / I N , r e a c > B S or
L S ) and for the neutral-point displacement voltage
(G F D S S : V N - G > ) are exceeded.

Because of the danger of a double ground fault, a function

test involving the closing of a ground fault will not be
possible in most cases. In these cases the current and
voltage transformers in the system can be connected so
that a function test is possible without a ground fault.

The ground current measured by the PD 521 and the

neutral-point displacement voltage are displayed as
operating data in primary quantities and referred to the
nominal quantities of the protection device (see
Appendix C, "Measured Operating Data").

89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN 139

9 Commissioning

107 Auxiliary circuit in resonant-grounded systems with Holmgreen group, ground fault in BS direction

140 89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN

9 Commissioning
(continued)

A pilot wire is threaded into window-type current
transformers, and through it a current is taken from phase
B (see Figure 108). The vectorial assignment of currents
and voltages is shown in the phasor diagrams included
with the terminal connection diagrams.
In the example shown below a ground fault is simulated
on the line side. In order to check a ground fault on the
busbar side, the pilot wire must be threaded in the
opposite direction.

108 Auxiliary circuit in resonant-grounded systems with window-type current transformer, ground fault in BS direction

89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN 141

9 Commissioning
(continued)
Auxiliary Circuit in Systems with Isolated Neutral
First the fuse in phase A on the primary side of the voltage
transformer is removed and the corresponding secondary
side is short-circuited (see Figures 109 and 110). The
result is a displacement voltage VN-G whose magnitude is
109 Auxiliary circuit in systems with isolated neutral and Holmgreen group, ground fault in LS direction
142
smaller by a factor of 3 than that of the displacement
voltage in the case of a dead fault to ground.
If the current is measured in a Holmgreen group, then the
current transformers in A and B on the secondary side
must be disconnected and short-circuited (see Figure
109).
89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
9 Commissioning
(continued)

A pilot wire is threaded into window-type current
transformers, and through it a current is taken from
phases B and C (see Figure 110). The vectorial
assignment of currents and voltages is shown in the
phasor diagrams included with the terminal connection
diagrams.
In the example shown below a ground fault is simulated
on the line side. In order to check a ground fault on the
busbar side, the pilot wire must be threaded in the
opposite direction.

110 Auxiliary circuit in systems with isolated neutral and window-type current transformer, ground fault in LS direction

89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN 143

9 Commissioning
(continued)

Completion of Commissioning
Before the protection device is released for operation,
make sure that

¨ All memories are reset

(resetting at addresses 03 02 (password-protected)
and 03 08)

¨ The desired reset address is set

(setting at address 03 13)

¨ The block of the trip command is canceled

(address 21 12, value of "0")

¨ Protection is activated (on)

(address 03 30, value of "1")

¨ The password is active (only necessary if the keyboard

is to be locked)
(address 03 11, value of "1").

As the last step the keyboard may be locked, as described

in Chapter 6. When you leave the device, only the green
LED indicator signaling "Operation" (H2) should be lit up.

144 89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN

10 Troubleshooting

Listed below are several conceivable problems, their Checksum errors in the EPROM area.
causes, and possible methods for eliminating them. This Response: warm restart or blocking
section is intended as a general orientation only, and in Output relay: latching
cases of doubt it is better to return the PD 521 to the
manufacturer. In such cases the packaging instructions in 90 01 MON: RAM
the “Unpacking and Packing” section of Chapter 5 must Write or read error in the RAM area.
be followed. Response: warm restart or blocking
Output relay: latching
Malfunctioning after Connection to the System: 90 02 MON: Exception
Processor malfunction.
¨ The 7-segment displays do not light up. Response: warm restart or blocking
n Check to see whether there is supply voltage at the Output relay: latching
equipment connection points. 90 03 MON: Parameters
n Check to see whether the magnitude of the auxiliary Checksum error in settings area.
voltage is correct. The PD 521 is protected against Response: cold restart
damage resulting from polarity reversal. Output relay: latching
Turn off the power supply voltage before 90 08 MON: PC interface

! carrying out further checks. Components

behind the front panel are energized.
The PC interface is defective and
blocked. Protection continues to operate.
Response: PC interface blocking
n Check to see whether the ribbon cable between Output relay: updating
input-output module and processor board is
90 09 MON: ILSA interface
plugged in. (To do so, remove the front panel.)
The ILSA interface is defective and is
blocked. Protection continues to operate.
Where possible, disconnection of the ribbon Response: ILSA interface blocking
cable between the processor module and the Output relay: updating
! I/O module should be avoided. Should
disconnection have occurred, however, then 90 10 MON: Battery Common-RAM
the device needs to be re-initialized by way of The voltage of the built-in battery is too
a cold restart. low. Replace the battery. For additional
instructions see Chapter 11.
n Check to see whether fuse F1 (type M1C) on the Response: none
lower printed circuit board (I/O module) is OK. Output relay: updating
90 12 MON: Monitor sig. memory
If the fuse is defective it should not be replaced The number of monitoring signals that
without first determining the cause of failure. If a can be stored has been exceeded.
fuse is replaced without eliminating the problem, Response: No additional monitoring
there is danger that the damage will spread. signals are stored.
Output relay: latching
¨ The protection device signals “Warning” (LED H1).
Identify the specific problem by reading out the 90 13 MON: Signal memory
monitoring signal memory (see 6.5.2 “Monitoring Signal Checksum error(s) in fault signal area.
Memory Readout”). The following table lists the Response: warm restart or clearing of
possible monitoring signal entries, the faulty area, the signals for defective fault
PD 521 response and the mode of the output relay Output relay: latching
configured for the warning.
90 14 MON: Monitor sig. memory
Checksum error in the area of the
monitoring signal memory.
Response: warm restart or clearing of
monitoring signals
Output relay: latching

90 00 MON: EPROM

Fehler! Textmarke nicht definiert. 145

10 Troubleshooting
(continued)

90 16 MON: PC interface Memory overflow.

The PC interface is defective. Response: none
Response: none Output relay: latching
Output relay: latching
90 36 MON: ILSA/PC telegram
90 17 MON: PC interface Telegram error (message transmission
Fault in the PC communications area. error)
Response: no PC communication possible Response: none
Output relay: latching Output relay: latching
90 18 MON: PC interface 90 37 MON: ILSA interface
Fault in the PC communications area. Telegram error (message transmission
Response: no PC communication possible error)
Output relay: latching Response: none
Output relay: latching
90 21 MON: Operat. watchdog
Processor malfunction. 90 42 MON: Common-RAM
Response: warm restart or blocking Unknown fault.
Output relay: latching Response: none
Output relay: latching
90 25 MON: NMI
Processor malfunction. 90 43 MON: PC/ILSA interface
Response: warm restart or blocking Fault in area of PC/ILSA communication.
Output relay: latching Response: none
Output relay: latching
90 27 MON: Clock
Processor timer defective. 90 70 MON: Checksum
Response: warm restart or blocking Checksum error in the RAM area.
Output relay: latching Response: warm restart or blocking
Output relay: latching
90 28 MON: Cold restart
A cold restart was carried out. 94 02 MON: Clock
Response: none Hardware clock fault.
Output relay: latching Response: warm restart or blocking
Output relay: latching
90 31 MON: ILSA interface
Fault in the ILSA communication area. 98 00 MON: Voltage meas. VLS
Response: none The voltage transformer m.c.b. on the line
Output relay: latching side has tripped.
Response: blocking of distance protection
90 32 MON: ILSA interface Output relay: updating
General scan fault.
Response: none 98 01 MON: Volt.meas.circuits
Output relay: latching Negative-sequence monitoring has
operated.
90 33 MON: ILSA interface Response: blocking of distance
Background general scan fault. protection
Response: none Output relay: updating
Output relay: latching
98 02 MON: Backup DTOC
90 34 MON: Spontan. sig.buffer Distance protection has been blocked, but
Fault in spontaneous signal buffer area. there has been no switch to backup
Response: none overcurrent-time protection
Output relay: latching (BUOC or Backup DTOC).
Response: none
Output relay: updating

98 03 MON: Backup DTOC

90 35 MON: Spontan. sig.buffer

146 89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN

10 Troubleshooting
(continued)

The device has switched to backup ¨ The PD 521 signals "Block/faulty" (LED H3).
overcurrent-time protection.
n Check to see whether a “Warning” signal is present.
Response: none
If so, the warning must be identified more closely,
Output relay: updating
as described above.
98 05 MON: Curr. meas. circuits n Check to see whether the PD 521 is deactivated
Negative-sequence monitoring has (off). (This can be checked at address 03 30.)
operated.
Response: none n Check to see whether the trip command is being
Output relay: updating blocked from the local control panel (this can be
checked at address 21 12).
98 06 MON: Protect.sig.transm.
The protective signaling transmission n Check to see whether the trip command is being
channel is faulty. blocked via a binary input.
Response: blocking of protective signaling
Output relay: updating If none of the checks listed above are successful and the
problem is not eliminated, send the unit to the
98 07 MON: Measuring circuits manufacturer along with a detailed description of the
Ground starting has operated. problem.
Response: none
Output relay: updating
98 09 MON: Low voltage
A phase-to-phase voltage has fallen below
the 0.4 × Vnom threshold.
Response: none
Output relay: updating

89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN 147

11 Maintenance
The PD 521 is a low-maintenance device. The
components used in the units are selected so that they
meet exacting requirements. Recalibration is not
necessary.
The PD 521 is equipped with a lithium battery for non-
volatile storage of event data and for continued operation
of the internal clock in the event of a failure of auxiliary
voltage. Loss of capacity due to module-internal self-
discharging amounts to less than 1% per year over a
period of availability of 10 years. Since the terminal
voltage remains virtually constant until capacity is
exhausted, usefulness is maintained until a very low
residual capacity is reached. Given a nominal capacity of
800 mAh and discharge currents of only a few mA during
device storage and/or in the range of the self-discharge
current during device operation, a correspondingly long
service life results. It is therefore recommended that the
lithium battery only be replaced after a period of about ten
years.
The lithium battery can be replaced without soldering.
Maintenance work may only be carried out by trained
personnel with the auxiliary voltage turned off.
The lithium battery is located on the input-output module.
148
Components located behind the front panel are
! energized. Turn off the power supply voltage
before opening the unit.
After loosening four bolts on the front side of the front
panel, the local control module (front panel and processor
module) can be removed once the following plugs have
been removed first:
¨ The tab connector on the case
¨ The tab connector on the lower circuit board
(I/O module)
¨ The ribbon cable connecting the local control module
(front panel and processor module) with the I/O module
¨ The ribbon cable connecting the local control module
with the optional ILSA interface (-X7 and -X8 or -X9)
Check the position of the connector. Do not allow the
connecting cable to kink.
Where possible, disconnection of the ribbon
cable between the processor module and the
! I/O module should be avoided. Should
disconnection have occurred, however, then
the device needs to be re-initialized by way
of a cold restart.
The PD 521 is used as a safety device and must therefore
be routinely checked for proper operation. It is
recommended that the first functional test be carried out
after about 6 to 12 months. Additional functional tests
should be carried out at intervals of about 2 to 3 years –
4 years at the maximum.
Routine Functional Testing
The PD 521 digital protection device incorporates in its
system a very extensive self-monitoring function for
hardware and software. The internal structure
guarantees, for example, that communication within the
processor system will be checked on a continuing basis.
Nonetheless, there are a number of subfunctions that
cannot be checked by the self-monitoring feature without
running a test from the device terminals. The respective
device-specific properties and setting parameters must be
observed in such cases.
In particular, none of the control and signaling circuits run
to the device from the outside are checked by the self-
monitoring function.
89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
11 Maintenance
(continued)

Analog Input Circuits
Within the PD 521 an analog-digital converter is used to
convert analog measured variables. However, an
instrument transformer, filter, analog multiplexer and
1/16 amplifier are also incorporated in each single
measuring channel so that a test from the device
terminals is required in order to verify proper functioning.
The supply voltages are monitored continuously.
In conjunction with self-monitoring, moreover, the
measuring circuit monitoring feature integrated into the
protection function can in many cases exhibit a higher
sensitivity and thus detect additional deviations, depending
on the parameter assignment.
the basis of reliability analysis one can expect statistically
that in 10 years in 1000 devices only one component will
be outside the tolerance zone.
Additional testing in the analog area, such as for the
impedance or starting characteristics, is not necessary in
our opinion since complete digital processing of this
information is carried out on the basis of the measured
analog current and voltage values. Proper operation will
have been demonstrated in conjunction with the type test.
The function ‘ground fault direction determination using
steady-state values’ can be checked in a similar way, that
is by means of operating data measurement and a test
device.

A static test of the analog input circuits is best carried out

by operating data measurement of the primary measured
operating data or by using a suitable testing device. A
“small” measured value (in the current path the nominal
current, for example) and a “large” measured value (in the
voltage circuit the nominal voltage, for example) should be
used to check the effective range of the A/D converter. In
this way the total modulation range is checked, including
gain change-overs. The gain change-over occurs at a
modulation of 1/16 of full scale. In the distance protection
function this would be at approximately 6 × Inom in the
current path where full modulation is 100 × Inom , and in the
voltage path it would be at approximately 6 V phase-to-
ground voltage at the device terminals.

A check of the change-over point of gain change-over is

hardly possible since the latter is determined by the
hardware configuration. The only indication lies in a
change in the measurement resolution. In the current
path we obtain quantization levels of approximately
0.006 × Inom in the lower range and 0.1 × Inom in the upper
range.

The accuracy of operating data measurement is <3%. An

important factor in evaluating device performance is the
long-term performance as determined from comparison
with previous measurements.

In addition, a dynamic test can be used to check the

response and phase relation of the current transformers
and the anti-aliasing filter. This is best done by calibrating
the trigger point of the first zone for a two-phase
ungrounded fault. The fault current should be
dimensioned so that with the set impedance a loop
voltage of approximately 2 V results at the device
terminals. In addition, a suitable testing device should be
used that displays the two-phase ungrounded fault
correctly.

This dynamic test is not absolutely necessary since it only

checks the stability of a very few passive components. On

89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN 149

11 Maintenance
(continued)
Binary Inputs
The binary inputs are not checked in conjunction with self-
monitoring. Therefore a test function is integrated into the
device software so that the control state of the individual
input can be read out at a matrix point address (54 00 and
54 03), where "0" is “low” (not triggered) and "1" is “high”
(triggered). This check should be performed for each
input being used, and if necessary it can be done without
disconnecting the unit wiring.
Binary Outputs
There is no monitoring function for the external contact
circuit. In this case triggering of the all-or-nothing relays
must be initiated either by protection functions or by
integrated test functions. For these testing purposes,
control of the output circuits is integrated into the software
by way of a special control function (address 03 43).
Additionally, a test function is integrated into the unit
software so that the control state of the individual output
relay can be read out at a matrix point address (51 00 and
up): "0" means that the output relay is inactive and "1"
means that the output relay is active.
150
Serial Interface
The integrated self-monitoring function of the PC interface
includes the communications module (UART). The entire
communications system, including the interconnection and
any fiber-optic module, is always completely monitored as
long as a link has been created by the FPC program or
the ILSA protocol.
Other Internal Functions
o Timer Stages
All timer stages in the digital protection device are
derived from the precision clock pulse of the
microprocessor. The oscillators have a maximum
error of < ± 100 ppm. This means that a timer stage of
10 s has a maximum error of 1 ms. For this reason, it
is not possible to check the accuracy of the timer
stages by functional testing, since the scatter of the
starting and measuring times is greater than this error.
However, the processor clock frequency is checked in
connection with a rough monitoring routine during
startup of the protection device so that it is possible to
detect complete failures. In this check during system
start the clock frequency of the microprocessor module
is compared with the setpoint values specified for the
unit.
o Power Supply Unit
In the area of system monitoring there is a check for
the presence of internal voltages. The internal
operating voltages used in normal operation have
approximately 50% of their maximum operational load.
89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
12 Storage

The device must be stored in a dry and clean

environment. A temperature range of -25 °C to +55 °C
(see Chapter 2) must be maintained. The relative
humidity must not result in either condensation or ice
formation.

89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN 151

13 Accessories and Spare Parts

The PD 521 is supplied with standard labeling. User-

Label strips 89512-4-0345616
specific labeling can be written onto the reverse side of
(10 sets, blank)
the label strips or onto blank strips available as
accessories. The label strips can be accessed from the
rear of the front panel. Cover frame with accessories 89412-4-0338264

Turn off any auxiliary voltage before replacing the Battery and bracket 89512-4-0341946
! label strips. Components located behind the
front panel are energized. PC connection cable 255 002 096

After four bolts on the front panel face are loosened and FPCC parameter assignment 251 254 271
the tab connector (internal grounding) is detached from program
the rear of the front panel, it is possible to remove the
local control module (front panel and processor module), FPCF operating program 251 254 676
which is connected to the input-output module by a plug-in
ribbon cable. The label strip can be removed or inserted
from the bottom of the rear of the front panel.

Before mounting the front panel, the tab

! connector of the grounding cable must be
inserted on the rear of the front panel.

Where possible, disconnection of the ribbon

cable between the processor module and the
! I/O module should be avoided. Should
disconnection have occurred, however, then the
device needs to be re-initialized by way of a cold
restart.

Labeling can be applied to the label strips by one of the

following methods:

¨ Overhead projector pen, waterproof type, for example,

"Stabilo" brand pen, OH Pen 196 PS.

¨ Typewriter with a pure silk fabric ribbon, for example,

“Pelikan“ brand, type 58 A 371.

¨ Laser printer.

Description Order No.

152 89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN

14 Ordering Information

Designs Order-No.

Distance Protection Device PD 521 89521 -0 - ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ 0 0 ¨ -302 -401 ÀÄÄÄÙ

ÚÄÄÄ¿ ÚÄÄÄ¿
ÀÄÄÄÙ -602

³ ³ ³ ³ ³ ³ ³
³ ³ ³ ³ ³ -303 -402 ³ ³ -602
Design ³ ³ ³ ³ ³ ³ ³
Case (surface-mounting) 1 ³ ³ ³ ³ ³ ³
Case (flush-mounting) with cover frame 2 ³ ³ ³ ³ ³ ³
ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ ³ ³ ³ ³ ³ ³
ÄÄÄÄÄÄ
Variants ³ ³ ³ ³ ³ ³
³ ³ ³ ³ ³ ³
ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ ³ ³ ³ ³ ³ ³
ÄÄÄÄÄÄ
Nominal current I nom ³ ³ ³ ³ ³ ³
³ ³ ³ ³ ³ ³
Inom = 1A, 4-phase 1 ³ ³ ³ ³ ³
Inom = 5A, 4-phase 2 ³ ³ ³ ³ ³
Inom = 5A, 3-phase; Inom = 1A, 1-phase 3 ³ ³ ³ ³ ³
³ ³ ³ ³ ³
Nominal frequency fnom = 50/60 Hz 2 ³ ³ ³ ³
³ ³ ³ ³
Nominal auxiliary voltage VA,nom ³ ³ ³ ³
VA,nom = 24 to 60 V DC / 110 to 250 V DC, 100 to 230 V AC T 3 ³ ³ ³
³ ³ ³
without ILSA-communications module 0 ³ ³
with ILSA-communications module, to plastic fiber 1 ³ ³
with ILSA-communications module, to glass fiber 2 ³ ³
with ILSA-communications module, RS 422/485 3 ³ ³
³ ³
ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ ³ ³
ÄÄÄÄÄ
Labels & supp. documents Engl. <1> -598 ³
Acceptance test certificate B to DIN 50049 - 3.1B <2> -599

<1> Valid for ordering prior to device production. Available as accessory (separate position) for stock items.
<2> Must be ordered prior to device production. This order extension no. will not be printed on the name label of the device or shipping box.
T Settable range, delivery setting underlined.

89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN 153

154 89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
Appendix

A Glossary

B List of Signals

C Address List

D Set Value Record Sheets

E Terminal Connection Diagrams

89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN 155

Appendix

Appendix Table of Contents

A Glossary 157 D Set Value Record Sheets 195

A1 Function Groups 157 D1 Device Identification 196
A2 Symbols 158 D 1.1 Ordering Information 196
A3 Examples of Signal Names 162 D 1.2 Design Version 196
A4 Symbols Used 162 D2 Configuration Parameters 197
D 2.1 Control Interfaces 197
B List of Signals 163 D 2.2 Binary Inputs 198
D 2.3 Binary Outputs 198
B1 Internal Signal Names 163 D 2.4 LED Indicators 198
B2 Protection Communication Signals 165 D3 Function Parameters 199
B 2.1 Monitoring Direction 165 D 3.1 Global 199
B 2.1.1 State Signals 165 D 3.2 Main Functions 200
B 2.1.2 Monitoring Signals 165 D 3.3 Supplementary Functions 202
B 2.1.3 Ground Fault Signals 165
B 2.1.4 Fault Signals 166
E Terminal Connection Diagrams 206
B 2.1.5 Operating Value Measurement 166
B 2.2 Control Direction 167
B 2.2.1 General Commands 167
B 2.3 Fault Data Transmission Channels 167
B 2.4 System Function Coordination 167

C Address List 168

C1 Parameters 169
C 1.1 Device Identification 169
C 1.1.1 Ordering Information 169
C 1.1.2 Design Version 169
C 1.2 Configuration Parameters 170
C 1.2.1 Control Interfaces 170
C 1.2.2 Binary Inputs 172
C 1.2.3 Binary Outputs 173
C 1.2.4 LED Indicators 175
C 1.3 Function Parameters 177
C 1.3.1 Global 177
C 1.3.2 Main Functions 178
C 1.3.3 Supplementary Functions 181
C2 Operation 184
C 2.1 Measured Operating Data 184
C 2.2 State Signals 185
C 2.2.1 Functions 185
C 2.2.2 Binary Inputs 187
C 2.2.3 Binary Outputs 187
C 2.2.4 LED Indicators 187
C 2.3 Control and Testing 188
C 2.4 Monitoring Signals 189
C3 Events 191
C 3.1 Event Counters 191
C 3.2 Measured Fault Data 192
C 3.3 Fault Signals 193

A 1 Function Groups BUOC: Back-up overcurrent-time protection

CBF: Circuit breaker failure protection

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A Glossary

DIST: Distance and directional measurement

FREC: Fault recording
FMEAS: Fault data acquisition
FLOC: Fault localization
GMEAS: Ground fault measurement data
GFDSS: Ground fault direction determination using
steady-state values
I>SIG: Overcurrent (I>) signal
IDENT: Device identification
ILSA: ILSA communications link
INP: Binary input
LED: LED indicators
LOC: Local control panel
MAIN: Main function
MON: Self-monitoring
OMEAS: Operating value measurement
OUTP: Binary and analog output
PASS: Pass-through functions
PC: PC communications link
START: Starting
SOTF: Switch on to fault protection
PSIG: Protective signaling

89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN 157

A Glossary
(continued)

A 2 Symbols
Symbol Description
Graphic symbols for block diagrams
Binary elements Components of a symbol
according to DIN 40900 Part 12, September 1992, A symbol consists of a
IEC 617-12: amended 1991 contour or contour
combination and one or more
Analog information processing qualifiers.
according to DIN 40900 Part 13, January 1981

To document the linking of analog and binary signals,

additional symbols have been used, taken from several
DIN documents.

As a rule, direction of the signal flow is from left to right

Control block
and from top to bottom. Other flow directions are marked
A control block contains an
by an arrow. Input signals are listed on the left side of the
input function common to
signal flow, output signals on the right side.
several symbols. It is used
for the collective setting of
several trigger elements, for
Symbol Description example.

To obtain more space for

representing a group of
related elements, contours of
the elements may be joined or Output block
cascaded if the following rules An output block contains an
= are met: output function common to
several symbols.
There is no functional linkage
between elements whose
common contour line is
oriented in the signal flow
direction.

Note:
This rule does not necessarily Settable control block
apply to configurations with The four digits represent the
two or more signal flow address under which the
directions, such as for function shown in the text
symbols with a control block after the colon may be set via
and an output block. the local control panel.

There exists at least one Settable control block with

logical link between elements function blocks
whose common contour line The digits in the function
runs perpendicularly to the block show the settings that
signal flow direction. are possible at this address.
The text below the symbol
shows the setting and the
corresponding unit or
meaning.

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A Glossary
(continued)
Symbol Description
Static input
Only the state of the binary
input variable is effective.
Dynamic input
Only the transition from value
0 to value 1 is effective.
Negation of an output
The value up to the border
line is negated at the output.
Negation of an input
The input value is negated
before the border line.
Dynamic input with negation
Only the transition from value
1 to value 0 is effective.
AND element
The output variable will be 1
only if all input variables are 1.
OR element
The output variable will be 1
only if at least one input
variable is 1.
Threshold element
The output variable will be 1
only if at least two input
variables are 1. The number
in the symbol may be
replaced by any other
number.
89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
Symbol Description
(m out of n) element
The output variable will be 1
only if just one input variable
is 1.
The number in the symbol
may be replaced by any other
number if the number of
inputs is increased or
decreased accordingly.
Delay element
The transition from value 0 to
1 at the output occurs after a
time delay of t1 relative to the
corresponding transition at
the input.
The transition from value 1 to
0 at the output occurs after a
time delay of t2 relative to the
corresponding transition at
the input.
t1 and t2 may be replaced by
the actual delay values (in
seconds or strobe ticks).
Monostable flip-flop
The output variable will be 1
only if the input variable
changes to 1. The output
variable will remain 1 for
100 ms, independent of the
duration of the input value 1
(non-retriggerable).
Without a 1 in the function
block the monostable flip-flop
is retriggerable.
The time is 100 ms in this
example, but it may be
changed to any other
duration.
159
A Glossary
(continued)

Symbol Description Symbol Description

Analog-digital converter Amplifier

An analog input signal is The output variable is 1 only if
converted to a binary signal. the input variable is also 1.

Band pass filter

Subtractor
The output only transmits the
The output variable is the
50 Hz component of the input
difference between the two
signals. All other frequencies
input variables.
(above and below 50 Hz) are
A summing element is
attenuated.
obtained by changing the
minus sign to a plus sign at
the symbol input. Counter
At the + input the input
variable transitions from 0 to
Schmitt Trigger with binary
1 are counted and stored in
output signal
the function block.
The binary output variable will
At the R(eset) input a
be 1 if the input signal
transition of the input variable
exceeds a specific threshold.
from 0 to 1 resets the counter
The output variable remains 1
to 0.
until the input signal drops
below the threshold again.
Electromechanical drive
in general, here a relay, for
Memory, general
example.
Storage of a binary or analog
signal.

Signal level converter

Non-stable flip-flop with electrical isolation
When the input variable between input and output.
changes to 1, a pulse L+ = pos. voltage input
sequence is generated at the L- = neg. voltage input
output. U1 = device identifier

The ! to the left of the G

indicates that the pulse
sequence starts with the input
variable transition
(synchronized start).
If there is a ! to the right of the
G, the pulse sequence ends
with the ending of the 1 signal
at the input (synchronized
stop).

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A Glossary
(continued)

Symbol Description Symbol Description

Input transducer PC interface

with conductor and device with pin connections
identifiers
(according to DIN EN 60445)

Conductor identifiers for

current inputs:
for A: A1 and A2
for B: B1 and B2
for C: C1 and C2
for N: N1 and N2 Multiplier
The output variable is the
Conductor identifiers for result of the multiplication of
voltage inputs the two input variables.
via transformer 1:
for A: 1U
for B: 1V Divider
for C: 1W The output variable is the
for N: 1N result of the division of the
via transformer 2: two input variables.
for A: 2U
for B: 2V Comparator
The output variable becomes
Device identifiers for current 1 only if the input variable(s)
transformers: are equal to the function in
for A: T1 the function block.
for B: T2
for C: T3 Formula block
for N: T4 The output variable becomes
for voltage transformer 1: 1 only if the input variable(s)
for A: T5 satisfy the equation in the
for B: T6 function block.
for C: T7
for N: T8
for VG-N transformer: T90
for voltage transformer 2:
for A: T15

Change-over contact
with device identifier

Special symbol
Output relay in normally-
energized arrangement
(‘closed-circuit operation’).

89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN 161

A Glossary
(continued)

A 3 Examples of Signal Names A 4 Symbols Used

All settings and signals relevant for protection are shown

in the block diagrams of Chapter 3 as follows: Symbol Meaning

t Time, duration
Signal Name Description
V Voltage, potential difference
K FREC: Fault start Internal signal names are not
coded by an address. In the V Complex voltage
block diagrams they are
marked with a diamond. I Electrical current
The internal signal names
used and their origins are I Complex current
listed in Appendix B.
Z Complex impedance
DIST: Signal names coded by an
Z1' triggered address are referred to once Z Modulus of complex
[ 3904 ] by their address (in square impedance
brackets). The source is
documented in Chapters 7 f Frequency
and 8.
d Temperature in °C
DIST: Subsequent references use
Z1' triggered the signal name only.
S Sum, result

MAIN: Control ext. A specific setting to be used W Unit of electrical resistance

­ no (off) later on is shown with its
signal name and the setting
a Angle
with preceding setting arrow.
j Phase angle. With subscripts:
specific angle between a
defined current and a defined
voltage.

t Time constant

DT Temperature difference in K

162 89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN

B List of Signals

B 1 Internal Signal Names DIST: RF 20

Internal signal names are not coded by an address. They DIST: Selected meas.loop A-B 14
are indicated by a diamond in the block diagram. DIST: Selected meas.loop A-G 14
DIST: Selected meas.loop B-C 14
Internal Signal Names Figure
DIST: Selected meas.loop B-G 14
BUOC: Blocked by DTOC 38 DIST: Selected meas.loop C-A 14
BUOC: I N> trigd. 38 DIST: Selected meas.loop C-G 14
BUOC: IA triggered 38 DIST: Selected meas.loop P-G 14
BUOC: IB triggered 38 DIST: Selected meas.loop P-P 14
BUOC: IC triggered 38 DIST: t0 28
BUOC: SN 38 DIST: Trip zone 1 29,32,34
DIST: jcorr 15 DIST: Trip zone 2 29,32,34
DIST: jF 16 DIST: Trip zone 3 29,32,34
DIST: jX 16 DIST: Trip zone 4 29,32,34
DIST: Trip zone 5 29,32,34
DIST: jZ 19
DIST: Trip zone 6 29,32,34
DIST: 1VA-B (stored) 15
DIST: Vmeas 14
DIST: Dist. decision Z1 23,27
DIST: Voltage memory enabled 15
DIST: Dist. decision Z1E 23,27
DIST: XF 20
DIST: Dist. decision zone 1 23,27
DIST: Dist. decision zone 2 22,26 DIST: Zmeas 25

DIST: Dist. decision zone 3 22,26 FREC: Fault start 75

DIST: Dist. decision zone 4 22,26 FREC: Reset signal mem. 76

DIST: Imeas 14 GFDSS: 2IN filtered 61

DIST: kze HSR = 1.0 23,27 GFDSS: 2VN-G filtered 56

DIST: Meas. zone 1 28 GFDSS: Direction BS 56

DIST: N1bw 28 GFDSS: Direction LS 56

GFDSS: GF enabled 54
DIST: N1fw 28
GFDSS: GFD enabled 54
DIST: N2bw 28
GFDSS: IN> triggered 61
DIST: N2fw 28
GFDSS: Meas. reset 67
DIST: N3bw 28 GFDSS: Op. delay IN elapsed 61
DIST: N3fw 28 GFDSS: P 56
DIST: N4bw 28 GFDSS: Q 56

DIST: N4fw 28 GFDSS: VN-G> triggered 56

DIST: N5bw 28
Internal Signal Names Figure
DIST: N5fw 28
MAIN: Automatic reset 76
Internal Signal Names Figure MAIN: kInom 2

89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN 163

B List of Signals
(continued)

MAIN: Manual trip cmd. 69 START: Enable 2 8

MAIN: Manuel reset 76 START: Enable 3 8
MAIN: Protection active 3 START: Enable ZA-G 11
MAIN: Reset counter GFDSS 63 START: Enable ZB-G 11
MAIN: Time tag 75 START: Enable ZC-G 11
MAIN: Trip zone 1 69 START: Enable ZA-B 11
MON: Current 36 START: Enable ZB-C 11
MON: Vneg triggered 37 START: Enable ZC-A 11
PSIG: Send int. 52 START: IA>> triggered 4
PSIG: Telecom. faulty int. 50 START: IB>> triggered 4
PSIG: Trip 1 50 START: IC>> triggered 4
PSIG: Trip 2 50 START: IN> triggered 5
PSIG: Trip enable 50 START: P-G switching 6
PSIG: Tripping time elapsed 41 START: SA 13
PSIG: Zone ext. 48 START: SB 13
SOTF: Zone extension 39 START: SC 13
START: SG 6
START: SN0 13
START: SN1 13
START: tIN> elapsed 5
START: Trip VN-G>> 7
START: tVN-G>> elapsed 5
START: VA< triggered 9
START: VB< triggered 9
START: VC< triggered 9
START: VN-G> exceeded 5
START: VN-G>> exceeded 5
START: VPP< triggered 9
START: ZA< triggered 12
START: ZB< triggered 12
START: ZC< triggered 12
START: ZPP< triggered 12

Internal Signal Names Figure

START: Block 3
START: Dist. prot. starting 13
START: Enable 1 8

164 89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN

B List of Signals
(continued)

B 2 Protection Communication Signals B 2.1.2 Monitoring Signals

The interface protocol complies with IEC 60870-5-103,

Revision 1.5, February 3rd, 1995 ”Protection Commu- Inf. No. Address Description
nication Companion Standard 1“, compatibility level 2. Dec Hex

B 2.1 Monitoring Direction 32 20 98 05 MON: Curr.meas. circuits

B 2.1.1 State Signals
33 21 38 23 MON: Volt.meas. circuits

Inf. No. Address Description 35 23 98 01 MON: Volt.meas. circuits

Dec Hex 37 25 37 21 BUOC: Backup DTOC mode

17 11 15 08 PSIG: Enabled 38 26 04 61 MAIN: M.c.b. trip VLS EXT

18 12 03 30 MAIN: Protection active 39 27 36 60 PSIG: Telecom. faulty

19 13 21 10 MAIN: Reset indicat. USER 46 2E 36 70 MON: Warning

20 14 37 75 ILSA: Sig./meas.block 47 2F 04 65 MAIN: Blocked/faulty

21 15 37 71 PC/ILSA: Test mode

B 2.1.3 Ground Fault Signals
22 16 -- -- not supported
Inf. No. Address Description
27 1B 40 16 PASS: Input 1 EXT
Dec Hex
28 1C 40 17 PASS: Input 2 EXT
48 30 -- -- not supported
29 1D 40 18 PASS: Input 3 EXT
49 31 -- -- not supported
30 1E 40 19 PASS: Input 4 EXT
50 32 -- -- not supported

51 33 09 35 GFDSS: Direct. forw./LS

52 34 09 36 GFDSS: Direct. backw./BS

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B List of Signals
(continued)

B 2.1.4 Fault Signals B 2.1.5 Operating Value Measurement

Inf. No. Address Description Inf. No. Address Scal Description

Dec Hex Dec Hex

64 40 36 01 START: Starting A 144 90 06 41 2.4 OMEAS: Current B p.u.

1

65 41 36 02 START: Starting B
145 91 06 41 2.4 OMEAS: Current B p.u.
2
66 42 36 03 START: Starting C 05 45 2.4 OMEAS: Voltage A-B p.u.

67 43 36 04 START: Starting GF 146 92 06 41 2.4 OMEAS: Current B p.u.

3
05 45 2.4 OMEAS: Voltage A-B p.u.
68 44 36 71 MAIN: General trip cmd. OMEAS: Act. power P
04 51 2.4 p.u.
72 48 36 14 BUOC: Tripping signal OMEAS: Reac. power Q
04 53 2.4 p.u.
73 49 04 29 FMEAS: Fault react. prim.
147 93 04 44 2.4 OMEAS: Current IN p.u.
4
04 42 2.4 OMEAS: Voltage VN-G,
74 4A 36 18 DIST: Fault forward/LS
p.u.
75 4B 36 19 DIST: Fault backward/BS
148 94 05 41 2.4 OMEAS: Current A p.u.
5
06 41 2.4 OMEAS: Current B p.u.
76 4C 36 35 PSIG: Send (signal) 07 41 2.4 OMEAS: Current C p.u.
05 43 2.4 OMEAS: Voltage A-G p.u.
77 4D 37 29 PSIG: Receive & gen.start OMEAS: Voltage B-G p.u.
06 43 2.4 OMEAS: Voltage C-G
78 4E 36 26 DIST: t1 elapsed p.u.
07 43 2.4 OMEAS: Act. power P
79 4F 36 27 DIST: t2 elapsed p.u.
04 51 2.4 OMEAS: Reac. power Q
80 50 36 28 DIST: t3 elapsed p.u.
04 53 2.4 OMEAS: Frequency f
81 51 36 29 DIST: t4 elapsed
04 40 2.4
82 52 36 30 DIST: t5 elapsed Scal: Scaling

83 53 36 31 DIST: t6 elapsed

84 54 36 00 START: General starting

85 55 36 17 CBF: CB failure

1
only if address 03 74 is set to the value “1“
2
only if address 03 74 is set to the value “2
3
only if address 03 74 is set to the value “3
4
only if address 03 74 is set to the value “4“
5
only if address 03 74 is set to the value “5“

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B List of Signals
(continued)

B 2.2 Control Direction B 2.4 System Function Coordination

B 2.2.1 General Commands Control Direction

Initiation of general supported

Inf. No. Address Description interrogation
Dec Hex
Time synchronization supported
17 11 15 08 PSIG: Enabled
Monitoring Direction
18 12 03 30 MAIN: Protection active
End of general interrogation supported
19 13 21 10 MAIN: Reset indicat. USER
Time synchronization supported
B 2.3 Fault Data Transmission Channels
Reset FCB supported

Channel Description Reset CU supported

Start / restart supported

1 Phase current IA
Identification not supported
2 Phase current IB

3 Phase current IC

4 Residual current IN

5 Phase-to-ground voltage VA-G

6 Phase-to-ground voltage VB-G

7 Phase-to-ground voltage VC-G

8 Neutral point displacement voltage VN-G

Note: The neutral point displacement voltage is
calculated from the phase voltages.

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C Address List

GLOSSARY Changing Values

Function Groups on: "on" (on-line) means that the value can be changed
even when the protective function is enabled.
BUOC: Back-up overcurrent-time protection off: "off" (off-line) means that the value can be changed
CBF: Circuit breaker failure protection provided that the protective function is disabled.
DIST: Distance and directional measurement -: "-" means that the value cannot be modified by
FLOC: Fault localization control action.
FMEAS: Fault data acquisition
FREC: Fault recording KEY
GFDSS: Ground fault direction determination using
steady-state values f): A change in value is possible without activating
GMEAS: Ground fault measurement data the value-change enabling function.
IDENT: Device identification n): Indication "..." is possible and means that no
ILSA: ILSA communications link value has been measured.
INP: Binary input o): Indication "-..-" is possible and means that the
I>SIG: Overcurrent (I>) signal value is out of range.
LED: LED indicators p): The value change is password-protected.
LOC: Local control panel u): The setting "¥" is represented by the "0--0"
MAIN: Main function display.
MON: Self-monitoring
OMEAS: Operating value measurement
OUTP: Binary and analog output
PASS: Pass-through functions
PC: PC communications link
PSIG: Protective signaling
SOTF: Switch on to fault protection
START: Starting

168 89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN

C Address List
(continued)

C 1 Parameters

C 1.1 Device Identification

C 1.1.1 Ordering Information

Address Description Change Default Range of Values Unit or Meaning Incre-

x y ment

00 00 IDENT: Device type - 521 PD 521

00 48 IDENT: Device password 1 off 0.00 0.00 ... 99.99 0.01

00 49 IDENT: Device password 2 off 0.00 0.00 ... 99.99 0.01

00 50 IDENT: Auxiliary voltage off 0 0 ... 999 V 1

00 51 IDENT: Nominal voltage off 0 0 ... 999 V 1
00 52 IDENT: Nominal current off 0.0 0.0 ... 9.9 A 0.1
00 53 IDENT: Nominal frequency off 0.0 0.0 ... 99.9 Hz 0.1
00 54 IDENT: Nominal current IN off 0.0 0.0 ... 99.9 A 0.1

00 80 IDENT: Add. HW modules off 4176 4176 Without

4432 ILSA interface

C 1.1.2 Design Version

Address Description Change Default Range of Values Unit or Meaning Incre-

x y ment

02 00 IDENT: Data model - 101 0 ... 9999 Version number 1

02 20 IDENT: SW version - 1.2x 0.00 ... 99.99 Version number 0.01
02 60 IDENT: Auxiliary address For internal use

89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN 169

C Address List
(continued)

C 1.2 Configuration Parameters

C 1.2.1 Control Interfaces

Address Description Change Default Range of Values Unit or Meaning Incre-

x y ment

03 11 LOC: Access lock active on 0 0 / 1 no / yes

03 12 PC/ILSA: Test mode USER on 0 0 / 1 no / yes

03 13 LOC: Autom. return addr. on 0310 0 ... 9999 xxyy 1

03 14 LOC: Autom. return time on 100 60 ... 1200 s 10

03 50 ILSA: Delta V on 3.0 0.0 ... 15.0 %Vnom 0.5

03 51 ILSA: Delta I on 3.0 0.0 ... 15.0 %Inom 0.5
03 52 ILSA: Delta f on 2.0 0.0 ... 2.0 %fnom 0.1
03 53 ILSA: Delta t on 1 0 ... 15 min 1
03 54 ILSA: Delta P on 15.0 0.0 ... 15.0 %Snom 0.5

03 55 PC: Delta V on 3.0 0.0 ... 15.0 %Vnom 0.5

03 56 PC: Delta I on 3.0 0.0 ... 15.0 %Inom 0.5
03 57 PC: Delta f on 2.0 0.0 ... 2.0 %fnom 0.1
03 58 PC: Delta t on 1 0 ... 15 min 1
03 59 PC: Delta P on 15.0 0.0 ... 15.0 %Snom 0.5

03 68 PC/ILSA: Device addr.(CU) off 1 0 ... 254 } must be set 1

03 69 PC/ILSA: Device addr.(PU) off 1 0 ... 255 } identical 1

03 70 ILSA: Command enable USER on 0 0 / 1 no / yes

03 71 ILSA: Baud rate off 19200 50 Baud

100 Baud
200 Baud
300 Baud
600 Baud
1200 Baud
2400 Baud
4800 Baud
9600 Baud
19.2 kBaud

03 74 ILSA: Transm. cycl. data on 0 0 Without

1 IB
2 IB, VA-B
3 IB, VA-B, P, Q
4 IN, VN-G
5 1+IA,IC,VAG,VBG,VCG,P,Q,f
6 IN,VN-G, IN,act, IN,reac
9 6+IN,fil
11 1+4
12 2+4
13 3+4
15 5+4
16 5+6
19 5+9

03 76 ILSA: Sig./meas.blck.USER on 0 0 / 1 no / yes

03 77 ILSA: Contin.general scan on ¥ 10 ... 9000/¥ s 10 u)

03 80 PC: Command enabling on 1 0 / 1 no / yes

03 81 PC: Baud rate off 9600 300 Baud

600 Baud
1200 Baud
2400 Baud
4800 Baud
9600 Baud

170 89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN

C Address List
(continued)

Address Description Change Default Range of Values Unit or Meaning Incre-

x y ment

03 84 PC: Transm. cycl. data on 0 0 Without

1 IB
2 IB, VA-B
3 IB, VA-B, P, Q
4 IN, VN-G
5 1+IA,IC,VAG,VBG,VCG,P,Q,f
6 IN,VN-G, IN,act, IN,reac
9 6+IN,fil
11 1+4
12 2+4
13 3+4
15 5+4
16 5+6
19 5+9

03 86 PC: Sig./meas. val.block. on 0 0 / 1 no / yes

89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN 171

C Address List
(continued)

C 1.2.2 Binary Inputs

Address Description Change Default Range of Values Unit or Meaning Incre-

x y ment

54 01 INP: Fct. assignm. U 1 off - - Without function

54 04 INP: Fct. assignm. U 2 off - 0326 MAIN: Deactivate prot.EXT
0327 MAIN: Activate prot. EXT
0461 MAIN: M.c.b. trip VLS EXT
0464 PSIG: Telecom. faulty EXT
3634 CBF: Input EXT
3638 PSIG: Test telecom. EXT
3645 MAIN: Trip cmd. block EXT
3646 DIST: Zone extension EXT
3647 SOTF: Manual close EXT
3648 PSIG: Receive EXT
3649 PSIG: Blocking EXT
3651 MAIN: CB closed sig. EXT
3688 FLOC: Trigger EXT
3689 FREC: Trigger EXT
3718 MAIN: Man. trip cmd. EXT
3770 PC/ILSA: Test mode EXT
3772 ILSA: Command enable EXT
3774 ILSA: Sig./meas.block EXT
3816 MAIN: Starting trig. EXT
3820 GFDSS: GF evaluation EXT
4016 PASS: Input 1 EXT
4017 PASS: Input 2 EXT
6501 MAIN: Reset indicat. EXT

54 02 INP: Operating mode U 1 off 1 0 / 1 active "low" / "high"

54 05 INP: Operating mode U 2 off 1 0 / 1 active "low" / "high"

172 89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN

C Address List
(continued)

C 1.2.3 Binary Outputs

Address Description Change Default Range of Values Unit or Meaning Incre-

x y ment

51 01 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 1 off - - Without function

51 03 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 2 off - 0328 MAIN: Prot. ext.activated
51 05 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 3 off - 0340 MAIN: Man. trip cmd. USER
51 07 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 4 off - 0461 MAIN: M.c.b. trip VLS EXT
51 09 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 5 off - 0462 I>SIG: Overcurrent
51 11 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 6 off - 0463 MAIN: Ground fault
51 13 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 7 off - 0465 MAIN: Blocked/faulty
51 15 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 8 off - 0935 GFDSS: Direct. forw./LS
0936 GFDSS: Direct. backw./BS
0937 GFDSS: tVN-G> elapsed
0938 GFDSS: GF curr. meas.
1508 PSIG: Enabled
1509 PSIG: Test telecom. USER
2113 MAIN: Trip cmd. blocked
3500 FREC: Fault occurence
3600 START: General starting
3601 START: Starting A
3602 START: Starting B
3603 START: Starting C
3604 START: Starting GF
3605 MAIN: General trip signal
3609 DIST: Trip signal
3613 BUOC: Starting
3614 BUOC: Trip signal
3615 START: VN-G>> triggered
3616 START: tVN-G>> elapsed
3617 CBF: CB failure
3618 DIST: Fault forward /LS
3619 DIST: Fault backward /BS
3620 PSIG: t1 revers.interlock
3621 START: Zero sequ. start.
3626 DIST: t1 elapsed
3627 DIST: t2 elapsed
3628 DIST: t3 elapsed
3629 DIST: t4 elapsed
3630 DIST: t5 elapsed
3631 DIST: t6 elapsed
3646 DIST: Zone extension EXT
3648 PSIG: Receive EXT
3649 PSIG: Blocking EXT
3651 MAIN: CB closed sig. EXT
3660 PSIG: Telecom. faulty
3663 SOTF: tManual-close runn.
3664 SOTF: Trip aft. man.close
3665 DIST: Zone extension
3666 CBF: tCBF running
3669 MON: Trip by Ineg
3670 MON: Warning
3671 MAIN: General trip cmd.
3688 FLOC: Trigger EXT
3720 MON: Measuring circ.mon.
3721 BUOC: Backup DTOC mode
3724 PSIG: Send (transm.relay)
3727 PSIG: Ready
3728 PSIG: Not ready
3729 PSIG: Receive & gen.start
3771 PC/ILSA: Test mode
3773 ILSA: Command enable
3775 ILSA: Sig./meas.block
3776 FREC: Trigger
3807 PSIG: Trip signal
3816 MAIN: Starting trig. EXT
3820 GFDSS: GF evaluation EXT
3823 MON: Volt. meas. circuits
3824 MON: Peripheral fault

89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN 173

C Address List
(continued)

Address Description Change Default Range of Values Unit or Meaning Incre-

x y ment

3826 GFDSS: GFD ready

3827 GFDSS: GFD not ready
3828 GFDSS: GF ready
3829 GFDSS: GF not ready
3837 DIST: Fault in cable run
3848 MON: Meas.volt. ok
4016 PASS: Input 1 EXT
4017 PASS: Input 2 EXT
4020 PASS: Output 1 (t)

174 89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN

C Address List
(continued)

C 1.2.4 LED Indicators

Address Description Change Default Range of Values Unit or Meaning Incre-

x y ment

57 01 LED: Fct. assignm. H 1 - 36.70 3670 MON: Warning

57 03 LED: Fct. assignm. H 2 - 03.31 0331 MAIN: Operation
57 05 LED: Fct. assignm. H 3 - 04.65 0465 MAIN: Blocked/faulty

57 07 LED: Fct. assignm. H 4 off - - Without function

57 09 LED: Fct. assignm. H 5 off - 0328 MAIN: Prot. ext.activated
57 11 LED: Fct. assignm. H 6 off - 0340 MAIN: Man. trip cmd. USER
57 13 LED: Fct. assignm. H 7 off - 0461 MAIN: M.c.b. trip VLS EXT
57 15 LED: Fct. assignm. H 8 off - 0462 I>SIG: Overcurrent
57 17 LED: Fct. assignm. H 9 off - 0463 MAIN: Ground fault
57 19 LED: Fct. assignm. H 10 off - 0935 GFDSS: Direct. forw./LS
57 21 LED: Fct. assignm. H 11 off - 0936 GFDSS: Direct. backw./BS
57 23 LED: Fct. assignm. H 12 off - 0937 GFDSS: tVN-G> elapsed
0938 GFDSS: GF curr. meas.
1508 PSIG: Enabled
1509 PSIG: Test telecom. USER
2113 MAIN: Trip cmd. blocked
3500 FREC: Fault occurence
3600 START: General starting
3601 START: Starting A
3602 START: Starting B
3603 START: Starting C
3604 START: Starting GF
3605 MAIN: General trip signal
3609 DIST: Trip signal
3613 BUOC: Starting
3614 BUOC: Trip signal
3615 START: VN-G>> triggered
3616 START: tVN-G>> elapsed
3617 CBF: CB failure
3618 DIST: Fault forward /LS
3619 DIST: Fault backward /BS
3620 PSIG: t1 revers.interlock
3621 START: Zero sequ. start.
3626 DIST: t1 elapsed
3627 DIST: t2 elapsed
3628 DIST: t3 elapsed
3629 DIST: t4 elapsed
3630 DIST: t5 elapsed
3631 DIST: t6 elapsed
3635 PSIG: Send (signal)
3646 DIST: Zone extension EXT
3649 PSIG: Blocking EXT
3651 MAIN: CB closed sig. EXT
3660 PSIG: Telecom. faulty
3663 SOTF: tManual-close runn.
3664 SOTF: Trip aft. man.close
3665 DIST: Zone extension
3666 CBF: tCBF running
3669 MON: Trip by Ineg
3671 MAIN: General trip cmd.
3688 FLOC: Trigger EXT
3720 MON: Measuring circ.mon.
3721 BUOC: Backup DTOC mode
3727 PSIG: Ready
3728 PSIG: Not ready
3729 PSIG: Receive & gen.start
3730 PASS: Output 1 (updating)
3731 PASS: Output 2 (updating)
3734 PASS: Output 1 (latching)
3735 PASS: Output 2 (latching)
3771 PC/ILSA: Test mode
3773 ILSA: Command enable
3775 ILSA: Sig./meas.block
3776 FREC: Trigger

89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN 175

C Address List
(continued)

Address Description Change Default Range of Values Unit or Meaning Incre-

x y ment

3807 PSIG: Trip signal

3816 MAIN: Starting trig. EXT
3820 GFDSS: GF evaluation EXT
3823 MON: Volt. meas. circuits
3824 MON: Peripheral fault
3826 GFDSS: GFD ready
3827 GFDSS: GFD not ready
3828 GFDSS: GF ready
3829 GFDSS: GF not ready
3837 DIST: Fault in cable run
3848 MON: Meas.volt. ok
4016 PASS: Input 1 EXT
4017 PASS: Input 2 EXT
4020 PASS: Output 1 (t)

176 89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN

C Address List
(continued)

C 1.3 Function Parameters

C 1.3.1 Global

Address Description Change Default Range of Values Unit or Meaning Incre-

x y ment

03 30 MAIN: Protection active on 0 0 / 1 no (=off) / yes (=on)

10 03 MAIN: Nominal current off 1 1 1 A

5 5 A

10 04 MAIN: Connect. meas.circ. on 1 1 Forward

2 Reverse

10 30 MAIN: System frequency off 50 50 50 Hz

60 60 Hz

10 40 MAIN: Transfer for 1p on 1 1 Ground

2 P or G =f(IP,med, IP,max)

10 41 MAIN: Phase priority 2pN on 1 1 Phase-to-phase loop

2 Phase-to-ground loop Vmin
3 C before A acyclic
4 A before B before C cycl.
5 A before C acyclic
6 C before B before A cycl.
7 B before A acyclic
8 A before B acyclic
9 C before B acyclic
10 B before C acyclic

10 48 MAIN: Neutral-point treat on 1 1 Low-impedance grounding

2 Isol./reson. w. start P-G
3 Isol./reson.w/o start P-G
4 Short-duration grounding

10 49 MAIN: Rotary field on 1 1 Clockwise rotation

2 Anti-clockwise rotation

21 12 MAIN: Trip cmd.block USER on 1 0 / 1 no / yes

89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN 177

C Address List
(continued)

C 1.3.2 Main Functions

Address Description Change Default Range of Values Unit or Meaning Incre-

x y ment

Starting

10 36 START: tI>> on 0.00 0.00 ... 0.50 s 0.01

10 50 START: Xfw on 10.0 0.10 ... 300.0 W at Inom = 1 A 0.10

0.020 ... 60.00 W at Inom = 5 A 0.020

10 51 START: Rfw P-G on 10.0 0.10 ... 300.0 W at Inom = 1 A 0.10

10 52 START: Rfw P-P on 10.0 0.020 ... 60.00 W at Inom = 5 A 0.020

10 53 START: Zbw/Zfw on 0.50 0.10 ... 4.00 0.01

10 54 START: I>> on 1.00 0.50 ... 8.00 Inom 0.05

10 55 START: IN> on 0.20 0.10 ... 2.00 Inom 0.05

10 56 START: VN-G> on 0.10 0.02 ... 1.00 Vnom/Ö3 0.01

10 57 START: tIN> on 0.10 0.00 ... 0.50 s 0.01

10 60 START: Trip tVN-G>> on 0 0 / 1 no / yes

10 61 START: tVN-G>> on 1.00 0.00 ... 60.00 s 0.01

10 62 START: VN-G>> on 0.50 0.20 ... 1.00 Vnom/Ö3 0.01

10 63 START: ß on 30 15 ... 65 ° 1

10 67 START: Operating mode on 0 0 W/o V</Z< starting

1 With V</Z< starting P-G
2 With V</Z< start.P-G, P-P

10 68 START: I> (Imin) on 0.20 0.10 ... 1.00 Inom 0.01

10 69 START: V< on 0.70 0.00 ... 0.90 Vnom or Vnom/Ö3 0.01

25 93 START: Z evaluation on 1 1 ZPG=VPG/(IP + kG*IN)

2 ZPG=VPG/2*IP

Distance and Directional

Measurement

12 00 DIST: Zone 4 on 1 1 Normal

2 Normal
3 Section cable - line
4 Section line - cable

12 01 DIST: X1 (polygon) on 10.0 0.10 ... 9.990 W at Inom = 1 A 0.01

12 02 DIST: X2 (polygon) on 20.0 10.00 ... 200.0 W at Inom = 1 A 0.10
12 03 DIST: X3 (polygon) on 30.0 0.020 ... 1.998 W at Inom = 5 A 0.002
12 04 DIST: X4 (polygon) on 40.0 2.00 ... 40.00 W at Inom = 5 A 0.020

12 05 DIST: R1 P-G (polygon) on 10.0 0.10 ... 9.990 W at Inom = 1 A 0.01

12 06 DIST: R1 P-P (polygon) on 10.0 10.00 ... 200.0 W at Inom = 1 A 0.10
12 07 DIST: R2 P-G (polygon) on 20.0 0.020 ... 1.998 W at Inom = 5 A 0.002
12 08 DIST: R2 P-P (polygon) on 20.0 2.00 ... 40.00 W at Inom = 5 A 0.020
12 09 DIST: R3 P-G (polygon) on 30.0
12 10 DIST: R3 P-P (polygon) on 30.0
12 11 DIST: R4 P-G (polygon) on 40.0
12 12 DIST: R4 P-P (polygon) on 40.0

12 13 DIST: a (polygon) on 75 40 ... 90 ° 1

178 89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN

C Address List
(continued)

Address Description Change Default Range of Values Unit or Meaning Incre-

x y ment

12 23 DIST: Direction N1 on 1 1 Forward directional

12 24 DIST: Direction N2 on 1 2 Backward directional
12 25 DIST: Direction N3 on 1 3 Non-directional
12 26 DIST: Direction N4 on 1
12 27 DIST: Direction N5 on 1

12 28 DIST: t1 on 0.00 0.00 ... 10.00/¥ s 0.01 u)

12 29 DIST: t2 on 1.00 0.00 ... 10.00/¥ s 0.01 u)
12 30 DIST: t3 on 2.00 0.00 ... 10.00/¥ s 0.01 u)
12 31 DIST: t4 on 3.00 0.00 ... 10.00/¥ s 0.01 u)
12 32 DIST: t5 on 4.00 0.00 ... 10.00/¥ s 0.01 u)
12 33 DIST: t6 on 5.00 0.00 ... 10.00/¥ s 0.01 u)

12 34 DIST: kze P-G HSR on 1.20 1.00 ... 99.95 0.05

100.0 ... 450.0 0.1

12 35 DIST: kze P-P HSR on 1.20 1.00 ... 99.95 0.05

100.0 ... 450.0 0.1

12 36 DIST: kG angle on 0 0 0°
4 4.5°
9 9°
13 13.5°
18 18°
22 22.5°
27 27°
31 31.5°
36 36°
40 40.5°
45 45
49 49.5°
54 54°
58 58.5°
63 63°
67 67.5°
72 72°
76 76.5°
81 81°
85 85.5°
90 90°
94 94.5°
99 99°
103 103.5°
108 108°
112 112.5°
117 117°
121 121.5°
126 126°
130 130.5°
135 135°
139 139.5°
144 144°
148 148.5°
153 153°
157 157.5°
162 162°
166 166.5°
171 171°
175 175.5°
180 180°
- 4 -4.5°
- 9 -9°
- 13 -13.5°
- 18 -18°

89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN 179

C Address List
(continued)

Address Description Change Default Range of Values Unit or Meaning Incre-

x y ment

- 22 -22.5°
- 27 -27°
- 31 -31.5°
- 36 -36°
- 40 -40.5°
- 45 -45°
- 49 -49.5°
- 54 -54°
- 58 -58.5°
- 63 -63°
- 67 -67.5°
- 72 -72°
- 76 -76.5°
- 81 -81°
- 85 -85.5°
- 90 -90°
- 94 -94.5°
- 99 -99°
-103 -103.5°
-108 -108°
-112 -112.5°
-117 -117°
-121 -121.5°
-126 -126°
-130 -130.5°
-135 -135°
-139 -139.5°
-144 -144°
-148 -148.5°
-153 -153°
-157 -157.5°
-162 -162°
-166 -166.5°
-171 -171°
-175 -175.5°
-180 -180°

12 37 DIST: kG abs. value on 1.00 0.00 ... 8.00 0.01

12 38 DIST: Arc comp. (circle) on 0 0 / 1 no / yes

12 40 DIST: Characteristic on 1 1 Polygon

2 Circle

12 41 DIST: a (circle) on 75 10 ... 90 ° 1

12 42 DIST: Z1 (circle) on 10.0 0.10 ... 9.990 W at Inom = 1 A 0.01

12 43 DIST: Z2 (circle) on 20.0 10.00 ... 200.0 W at Inom = 1 A 0.10
12 44 DIST: Z3 (circle) on 30.0 0.020 ... 1.998 W at Inom = 5 A 0.002
12 45 DIST: Z4 (circle) on 40.0 2.00 ... 40.00 W at Inom = 5 A 0.020

180 89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN

C Address List
(continued)

C 1.3.3 Supplementary Functions

Address Description Change Default Range of Values Unit or Meaning Incre-

x y ment

Back-Up Overcurrent-
Time Protection

14 00 BUOC: Operating mode on 0 0 w/o backup DTOC

1 With backup DTOC

17 00 BUOC: I> on 1.00 0.50 ... 8.00 Inom 0.05

17 03 BUOC: IN> on 0.20 0.10 ... 2.00 Inom 0.05
17 04 BUOC: tI> on 1.00 0.00 ... 10.00/¥ s 0.01 u)
17 08 BUOC: tIN> on 1.00 0.00 ... 10.00/¥ s 0.01 u)

Circuit Breaker Failure

Protection

11 67 CBF: tCBF on 0.30 0.00 ... 10.00 s 0.01

Fault Localization

10 05 FLOC: Line length on 10.0 0.01 ... 9.99 Refer. value (e.g. km) 0.01
10.0 ... 500.0 0.1

10 11 FLOC: Start determination on 1 1 Fault end

2 Fault end/ trip during t1
3 Trip or trigger

10 12 FLOC: Line reactance on 10.0 0.10 ... 9.990 W at Inom = 1 A 0.01

10.00 ... 200.0 W at Inom = 1 A 0.10
0.020 ... 1.998 W at Inom = 5 A 0.002
2.00 ... 40.00 W at Inom = 5 A 0.020

Fault Recording

03 78 FREC: Pre-fault time on 40 10 ... 100 ms 1

03 79 FREC: Post-fault time on 40 10 ... 250 ms 1

03 95 FREC: Time-switching on 0 0 Standard time

1 Daylight saving time

03 96 FREC: Time of day on 0.00 0.00 ... 23.59 hh:mm 0.01

03 97 FREC: Date on 1.01 1.01 ... 31.12 dd.mm 0.01
03 98 FREC: Year on 1989 1980 ... 2079 1

Ground Fault Direction

Determination Using
Steady-State Values

16 60 GFDSS: Enabled on 0 0 / 1 no / yes

16 61 GFDSS: tVN-G> on 1.00 0.02 ... 9.99 s 0.01
16 62 GFDSS: VN-G> on 0.25 0.02 ... 1.00 Vnom 0.01

16 63 GFDSS: Operating mode on 1 1 cos phi circuit

2 sin phi circuit

16 64 GFDSS: IN,act>/IN,reac LS on 0.050 0.003 ... 1.000 Inom 0.001

16 65 GFDSS: Sector angle LS on 86 80 ... 89 ° 1

16 66 GFDSS: Operate delay LS on 0.10 0.00 ... 9.99/¥ s 0.01 u)

10.0 ... 60.0 0.1

16 67 GFDSS: IN,act>/IN,reac BS on 0.050 0.003 ... 1.000 Inom 0.001

16 68 GFDSS: Sector angle BS on 86 80 ... 89 ° 1

89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN 181

C Address List
(continued)

Address Description Change Default Range of Values Unit or Meaning Incre-

x y ment

16 69 GFDSS: Operate delay BS on 0.10 0.00 ... 9.99/¥ s 0.01 u)

10.0 ... 60.0 0.1

16 70 GFDSS: Connect.meas.circ. on 1 1 Forward

2 Reverse

16 71 GFDSS: Common reset on 0 0 / 1 no / yes

16 72 GFDSS: Release delay LS on 0.00 0.00 ... 9.99 s 0.01

16 73 GFDSS: Release delay BS on 0.00 0.00 ... 9.99 s 0.01

16 90 GFDSS: Select GFD/GF on 1 1 Steady-state power

2 Steady-state current

16 91 GFDSS: f0 (GFD) on 50 50 / 250 Hz

16 92 GFDSS: f0 (GF) on 50 50 / 250 Hz

16 93 GFDSS: IN> on 0.050 0.003 ... 1.000 Inom 0.001

16 94 GFDSS: Operate delay IN on 0.10 0.00 ... 9.99/¥ s 0.01 u)

10.0 ... 60.0 0.1

16 95 GFDSS: Release delay IN on 0.00 0.00 ... 9.99 s 0.01

Overcurrent (I>) Signal

14 04 I>SIG: Threshold value on 1.10 0.20 ... 8.00 Inom 0.01

14 08 I>SIG: t on 5.00 0.00 ... 9.99/¥ s 0.01 u)

10.0 ... 60.0 0.1

Self-Monitoring

03 15 MON: Peripheral fault on 1 0 W/o mon.sig. memory entry

1 With mon.sig.memory entry

14 01 MON: Meas.circuit mon. on 1 0 / 1 no / yes

14 02 MON: Threshold value Ineg on 0.20 0.10 ... 1.00 IP,max 0.05
14 03 MON: Trip by Ineg on 0 0 / 1 no / yes

14 07 MON: Meas. volt. circuit on 1 1 Vneg

2 Vneg with current enable
3 Volt.mon.w.CB cont.enable

Operation Value
Measurement

10 01 OMEAS: Inom,prim. C.T. on 1000 1 ... 3000 A 1

10 02 OMEAS: Vnom,prim. V.T. on 100.0 0.1 ... 800.0 kV 0.1

Pass-Through Functions

17 21 PASS: tEM1 on 0.00 0.00 ... 10.00/¥ s 0.01 u)

17 30 PASS: Op. mode tEM1 on 1 1 Operate delayed

2 Passing make contact
3 Passing break contact

182 89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN

C Address List
(continued)

Address Description Change Default Range of Values Unit or Meaning Incre-

x y ment

Protective Signaling

15 00 PSIG: Operating mode on 3 1 Direct trans.trip underr.

2 PUTT
3 Zone extension
4 Signal comp.releas.scheme
5 Signal comp. block.scheme
6 Signal comp. pilot wire
7 Reverse interlocking

15 02 PSIG: Reset time send on 0.25 0.00 ... 10.00 s 0.01

15 03 PSIG: Echo on receive on 0 0 / 1 without / with

15 04 PSIG: Enabled USER on 0 0 / 1 no / yes

15 11 PSIG: Tripping time on 0.08 0.00 ... 10.00/¥ s 0.01 u)

15 12 PSIG: DC loop op. mode on 1 1 Transm.relay break cont.

2 Transm.relay make contact

Switch On To Fault
Protection

11 60 SOTF: Manual close timer on 1.00 0.00 ... 10.00 s 0.01

11 61 SOTF: Operating mode on 1 1 Trip with starting

2 Zone extension

89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN 183

C Address List
(continued)

C 2 Operation

C 2.1 Measured Operating Data

Address Description Change Default Range of Values Unit or Meaning Incre-

x y ment

04 40 OMEAS: Frequency f - 0.00 ... 99.99 Hz 0.01 n)

04 41 OMEAS: Volt. VN-G, prim. - 0.00 ... 99.99 kV 0.01 n)o)

04 42 OMEAS: Volt. VN-G, p.u. - 0.000 ... 1.500 Vnom/Ö3 0.001 n)o)

04 43 OMEAS: Current IN prim. - 0 ... 9999 A 1 n)o)

04 44 OMEAS: Current IN p.u. - 0.000 ... 9.999 Inom 0.001 n)o)
04 45 OMEAS: Curr. IN,act. p.u. - 0.000 ... 9.999 Inom 0.001 n)o)
04 46 OMEAS: Curr. IN,reac p.u. - 0.000 ... 9.999 Inom 0.001 n)o)
04 47 OMEAS: Curr. IN filt. p.u - 0.000 ... 9.999 Inom 0.001 n)o)

04 50 OMEAS: Act. power P prim. - -999 ... 999 MW 1 n)o)

04 51 OMEAS: Act. power P p.u. - -7.50 ... 7.50 Snom 0.01 n)o)
04 52 OMEAS: Reac. power Q prim - -999 ... 999 MVA 1 n)o)
04 53 OMEAS: Reac. power Q p.u. - -7.50 ... 7.50 Snom 0.01 n)o)

04 54 OMEAS: Power factor - -1.00 ... 1.00 0.01 n)

04 55 OMEAS: Load angle phi A - -180 ... 180 ° 1 n)

04 56 OMEAS: Load angle phi B - -180 ... 180 ° 1 n)
04 57 OMEAS: Load angle phi C - -180 ... 180 ° 1 n)

05 40 OMEAS: Current A prim. - 0 ... 9999 A 1 n)o)

05 41 OMEAS: Current A p.u. - 0.00 ... 30.00 Inom 0.01 n)o)

05 42 OMEAS: Voltage A-G prim. - 0.0 ... 999.9 kV 0.1 n)o)

05 43 OMEAS: Voltage A-G p.u. - 0.00 ... 1.00 Vnom 0.01 n)o)
05 44 OMEAS: Voltage A-B prim. - 0.0 ... 999.9 kV 0.1 n)o)
05 45 OMEAS: Voltage A-B p.u. - 0.00 ... 2.00 Vnom 0.01 n)o)

06 40 OMEAS: Current B prim. - 0 ... 9999 A 1 n)o)

06 41 OMEAS: Current B p.u. - 0.00 ... 30.00 Inom 0.01 n)o)

06 42 OMEAS: Voltage B-G prim. - 0.0 ... 999.9 kV 0.1 n)o)

06 43 OMEAS: Voltage B-G p.u. - 0.00 ... 1.00 Vnom 0.01 n)o)
06 44 OMEAS: Voltage B-C prim. - 0.0 ... 999.9 kV 0.1 n)o)
06 45 OMEAS: Voltage B-C p.u. - 0.00 ... 2.00 Vnom 0.01 n)o)

07 40 OMEAS: Current C prim. - 0 ... 9999 A 1 n)o)

07 41 OMEAS: Current C p.u. - 0.00 ... 30.00 Inom 0.01 n)o)

07 42 OMEAS: Voltage C-G prim. - 0.0 ... 999.9 kV 0.1 n)o)

07 43 OMEAS: Voltage C-G p.u. - 0.00 ... 1.00 Vnom 0.01 n)o)
07 44 OMEAS: Voltage C-A prim. - 0.0 ... 999.9 kV 0.1 n)o)
07 45 OMEAS: Voltage C-A p.u. - 0.00 ... 2.00 Vnom 0.01 n)o)

04 74 OMEAS: Auxiliary address For internal use 0.001 n)o)

04 93 MAIN: Auxiliary address For internal use

04 94 MAIN: Auxiliary address For internal use
04 95 MAIN: Auxiliary address For internal use
04 96 MAIN: Auxiliary address For internal use
04 97 MAIN: Auxiliary address For internal use
04 98 MAIN: Auxiliary address For internal use
04 99 MAIN: Auxiliary address For internal use
09 61 MAIN: Auxiliary address For internal use
09 62 MAIN: Auxiliary address For internal use
09 63 MAIN: Auxiliary address For internal use
09 99 MAIN: Auxiliary address For internal use

184 89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN

C Address List
(continued)

C 2.2 State Signals

C 2.2.1 Functions

Address Description Change Default Range of Values Unit or Meaning Incre-

x y ment

03 26 MAIN: Deactivate prot.EXT - 0 / 1 no / yes

03 27 MAIN: Activate prot. EXT - 0 / 1 no / yes
03 28 MAIN: Prot. ext.activated - 0 / 1 no / yes
04 60 MAIN: Protect. not ready - 0 / 1 no / yes
04 61 MAIN: M.c.b. trip VLS EXT - 0 / 1 no / yes
04 62 I>SIG: Overcurrent - 0 / 1 no / yes
04 63 MAIN: Ground fault - 0 / 1 no / yes
04 64 PSIG: Telecom. faulty EXT - 0 / 1 no / yes
04 65 MAIN: Blocked/faulty - 0 / 1 no / yes
09 35 GFDSS: Direct. forw./LS - 0 / 1 no / yes
09 36 GFDSS: Direct. backw./BS - 0 / 1 no / yes
09 37 GFDSS: tVN-G> elapsed - 0 / 1 no / yes
09 38 GFDSS: GF curr. meas. - 0 / 1 no / yes
15 08 PSIG: Enabled - 0 / 1 no / yes
21 13 MAIN: Trip cmd. blocked - 0 / 1 no / yes
35 00 FREC: Fault occurence - 0 / 1 no / yes
35 01 FREC: Signal mem.overflow - 0 / 1 no / yes
35 02 FREC: Faulty time tag - 0 / 1 no / yes
36 00 START: General starting - 0 / 1 no / yes
36 01 START: Starting A - 0 / 1 no / yes
36 02 START: Starting B - 0 / 1 no / yes
36 03 START: Starting C - 0 / 1 no / yes
36 04 START: Starting GF - 0 / 1 no / yes
36 05 MAIN: General trip signal - 0 / 1 no / yes
36 09 DIST: Trip signal - 0 / 1 no / yes
36 13 BUOC: Starting - 0 / 1 no / yes
36 14 BUOC: Trip signal - 0 / 1 no / yes
36 15 START: VN-G>> triggered - 0 / 1 no / yes
36 16 START: tVN-G>> elapsed - 0 / 1 no / yes
36 17 CBF: CB failure - 0 / 1 no / yes
36 18 DIST: Fault forward /LS - 0 / 1 no / yes
36 19 DIST: Fault backward /BS - 0 / 1 no / yes
36 20 PSIG: t1 revers.interlock - 0 / 1 no / yes
36 21 START: Zero sequ. start. - 0 / 1 no / yes
36 26 DIST: t1 elapsed - 0 / 1 no / yes
36 27 DIST: t2 elapsed - 0 / 1 no / yes
36 28 DIST: t3 elapsed - 0 / 1 no / yes
36 29 DIST: t4 elapsed - 0 / 1 no / yes
36 30 DIST: t5 elapsed - 0 / 1 no / yes
36 31 DIST: t6 elapsed - 0 / 1 no / yes
36 34 CBF: Input EXT - 0 / 1 no / yes
36 35 PSIG: Send (signal) - 0 / 1 no / yes
36 38 PSIG: Test telecom. EXT - 0 / 1 no / yes
36 45 MAIN: Trip cmd. block EXT - 0 / 1 no / yes
36 46 DIST: Zone extension EXT - 0 / 1 no / yes
36 47 SOTF: Manual close EXT - 0 / 1 no / yes
36 48 PSIG: Receive EXT - 0 / 1 no / yes
36 49 PSIG: Blocking EXT - 0 / 1 no / yes
36 51 MAIN: CB closed sig. EXT - 0 / 1 no / yes
36 60 PSIG: Telecom. faulty - 0 / 1 no / yes
36 63 SOTF: tManual-close runn. - 0 / 1 no / yes
36 64 SOTF: Trip aft. man.close - 0 / 1 no / yes
36 65 DIST: Zone extension - 0 / 1 no / yes
36 66 CBF: tCBF running - 0 / 1 no / yes
36 69 MON: Trip by Ineg - 0 / 1 no / yes
36 70 MON: Warning - 0 / 1 no / yes
36 71 MAIN: General trip cmd. - 0 / 1 no / yes
36 88 FLOC: Trigger EXT - 0 / 1 no / yes
36 89 FREC: Trigger EXT - 0 / 1 no / yes
37 18 MAIN: Man. trip cmd. EXT - 0 / 1 no / yes
37 20 MON: Measuring circ.mon. - 0 / 1 no / yes
37 21 BUOC: Backup DTOC mode - 0 / 1 no / yes
37 24 PSIG: Send (transm.relay) - 0 / 1 no / yes

89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN 185

C Address List
(continued)

Address Description Change Default Range of Values Unit or Meaning Incre-

x y ment

37 27 PSIG: Ready - 0 / 1 no / yes

37 28 PSIG: Not ready - 0 / 1 no / yes
37 29 PSIG: Receive & gen.start - 0 / 1 no / yes
37 30 PASS: Output 1 (updating) - 0 / 1 no / yes
37 31 PASS: Output 2 (updating) - 0 / 1 no / yes
37 34 PASS: Output 1 (latching) - 0 / 1 no / yes
37 35 PASS: Output 2 (latching) - 0 / 1 no / yes
37 70 PC/ILSA: Test mode EXT - 0 / 1 no / yes
37 71 PC/ILSA: Test mode - 0 / 1 no / yes
37 72 ILSA: Command enable EXT - 0 / 1 no / yes
37 73 ILSA: Command enable - 0 / 1 no / yes
37 74 ILSA: Sig./meas.block EXT - 0 / 1 no / yes
37 75 ILSA: Sig./meas.block - 0 / 1 no / yes
37 76 FREC: Trigger - 0 / 1 no / yes
38 06 MAIN: Auxiliary address For internal use
38 07 PSIG: Trip signal - 0 / 1 no / yes
38 16 MAIN: Starting trig. EXT - 0 / 1 no / yes
38 20 GFDSS: GF evaluation EXT - 0 / 1 no / yes
38 23 MON: Volt. meas. circuits - 0 / 1 no / yes
38 24 MON: Peripheral fault - 0 / 1 no / yes
38 26 GFDSS: GFD ready - 0 / 1 no / yes
38 27 GFDSS: GFD not ready - 0 / 1 no / yes
38 28 GFDSS: GF ready - 0 / 1 no / yes
38 29 GFDSS: GF not ready - 0 / 1 no / yes
38 37 DIST: Fault in cable run - 0 / 1 no / yes
38 46 MAIN: Prot. ext.disabled - 0 / 1 no / yes
38 48 MON: Meas.volt. ok - 0 / 1 no / yes
40 16 PASS: Input 1 EXT - 0 / 1 no / yes
40 17 PASS: Input 2 EXT - 0 / 1 no / yes
40 20 PASS: Output 1 (t) - 0 / 1 no / yes

186 89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN

C Address List
(continued)

C 2.2.2 Binary Inputs

Address Description Change Default Range of Values Unit or Meaning Incre-

x y ment

54 00 INP: State U 1 - 0 / 1 "low" / "high"

54 03 INP: State U 2 - 0 / 1 "low" / "high"

C 2.2.3 Binary Outputs

Address Description Change Default Range of Values Unit or Meaning Incre-

x y ment

51 00 OUTP: State K 1 - 0 / 1 inactive/active

51 02 OUTP: State K 2 - 0 / 1 inactive/active
51 04 OUTP: State K 3 - 0 / 1 inactive/active
51 06 OUTP: State K 4 - 0 / 1 inactive/active
51 08 OUTP: State K 5 - 0 / 1 inactive/active
51 10 OUTP: State K 6 - 0 / 1 inactive/active
51 12 OUTP: State K 7 - 0 / 1 inactive/active
51 14 OUTP: State K 8 - 0 / 1 inactive/active

C 2.2.4 LED Indicators

Address Description Change Default Range of Values Unit or Meaning Incre-

x y ment

57 00 LED: State H 1 - 0 / 1 inactive / active

57 02 LED: State H 2 - 0 / 1 inactive / active
57 04 LED: State H 3 - 0 / 1 inactive / active
57 06 LED: State H 4 - 0 / 1 inactive / active
57 08 LED: State H 5 - 0 / 1 inactive / active
57 10 LED: State H 6 - 0 / 1 inactive / active
57 12 LED: State H 7 - 0 / 1 inactive / active
57 14 LED: State H 8 - 0 / 1 inactive / active
57 16 LED: State H 9 - 0 / 1 inactive / active
57 18 LED: State H 10 - 0 / 1 inactive / active
57 20 LED: State H 11 - 0 / 1 inactive / active
57 22 LED: State H 12 - 0 / 1 inactive / active

89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN 187

C Address List
(continued)

C 2.3 Control and Testing

Address Description Change Default Range of Values Unit or Meaning Incre-

x y ment

00 85 MAIN: Cold restart off 0 0 / 1 no / yes p)

03 02 MAIN: General reset on 0 0 / 1 no / yes p)

03 03 GFDSS: Reset meas. values on 0 0 / 1 Reset: 2x E key

03 04 GFDSS: Reset counter on 0 0 / 1 Reset: 2x E Key
03 06 FREC: Reset sig. memory on 0 0 ... 9999 Reset: 2x E Key 1
03 08 MON: Reset mon. sig. mem. on 0 0 ... 30 Reset: 2x E Key 1

03 10 LOC: Param. change enabl. on 0 0 / 1 no / yes

03 39 MAIN: Warm restart off 0 0 / 1 no / yes
03 40 MAIN: Man. trip cmd. USER on 0 0 / 1 no / yes p)
03 41 FREC: Triggering USER on 0 0 / 1 no / yes

03 42 OUTP: Relay assign.f.test off - - without function

5101 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 1
5103 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 2
5105 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 3
5107 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 4
5109 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 5
5111 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 6
5113 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 7
5115 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 8

03 43 OUTP: Relay test off 0 0 / 1 no / yes p)

03 44 OUTP: Hold-time for test on 1 1 ... 10 s 1

09 60 MAIN: Auxiliary address For internal use

15 09 PSIG: Test telecom. USER on 0 0 / 1 no / yes

21 10 MAIN: Reset indicat. USER on 0 0 / 1 no / yes

188 89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN

C Address List
(continued)

C 2.4 Monitoring Signals

Address Description Change Default Range of Values Unit or Meaning Incre-

x y ment

03 01 MON: Mon. signal memory on E--- Entry into memory 1

Possible Entries

90 00 MON: EPROM - 12 R/W error segm. C000 hex

13 R/W error segm. D000 hex
14 R/W error segm. E000 hex
15 R/W error segm. F000 hex

90 01 MON: RAM - 0 R/W error segm. 0000 hex

1 R/W error segm. 1000 hex
2 R/W error segm. 2000 hex
3 R/W error segm. 3000 hex
4 R/W error NOVRAM

90 02 MON: Exception - 0 Undefined op-code

1 Division error
2 Undefined interrupt
3 RMX exception
4 Prot. NMI not active
5 Fault semaphore blocked

90 03 MON: Parameters - 1 Checksum error

90 08 MON: PC interface - 1 SCC error
90 09 MON: ILSA interface - 1 SCC error
90 10 MON: Battery Common-RAM - 8 Low voltage
90 12 MON: Monitor sig. memory - 9 Overflow

90 13 MON: Signal memory - 2 Checksum error

3 Fault record lost
4 Fault record lost

90 14 MON: Monitor sig. memory - 3 Checksum error

90 16 MON: PC interface - 2 Time-out
90 17 MON: PC interface - 0 Long telegram bef. norm.
90 18 MON: PC interface - 0 Unknown status telegram
90 21 MON: Operat. watchdog - 7 Reset
90 25 MON: NMI - 1 NMI late
90 27 MON: Clock - 3 Time control error

90 28 MON: Cold restart - 0 Parameter loss

1 EPROM exchange
2 RAM without battery

90 31 MON: ILSA interface - 0 Invalid telegram recept.

90 32 MON: ILSA interface - 0 Unknown addr. at scan
90 33 MON: ILSA interface - 0 Unknown addr.at cont.scan
90 34 MON: Spontan. sig.buffer - 0 Wrong data type
90 35 MON: Spontan. sig.buffer - 0 Buffer overflow
90 36 MON: ILSA/PC telegram - 0 Unknown data type field
90 37 MON: ILSA interface - 0 Unknown status telegram
90 42 MON: Common-RAM - 0 Unknown fault
90 43 MON: ILSA/PC interface - 0 Error for general reject.

90 70 MON: Checksum - 1 Local checksum

2 Local total checksum
3 Param. comp. local-global

94 02 MON: Clock - 1 Hardware failure

98 00 MON: Voltage meas. VLS - 1 M.c.b. tripped

98 01 MON: Volt.meas.circuits - 2 Voltage unbalance

98 02 MON: Backup DTOC - 3 Without DTOC

98 03 MON: Backup DTOC - 4 With DTOC

89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN 189

C Address List
(continued)

Address Description Change Default Range of Values Unit or Meaning Incre-

x y ment

98 05 MON: Curr. meas.circuits - 6 Current unbalance

98 06 MON: Protect.sig.transm. - 7 Telecom. faulty
98 07 MON: Measuring circuits - 8 Zero sequ. start.
98 09 MON: Low voltage - 1 Ext. error low voltage

Cold / Warm Start

99 00 MON: Initialization - 0 RAM segment 0000 hex

1 RAM segment 1000 hex
2 RAM segment 2000 hex
3 RAM segment 3000 hex
4 NOVRAM
8 EPROM segment C000 hex
9 EPROM segment D000 hex
10 EPROM segment E000 hex
11 EPROM segment F000 hex
12 Activate operating system
13 Init.test of oper. system
14 Power failure
30 Wrong SW version oper.sys
31 Wrong SW version
43 Wrong clock

190 89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN

C Address List
(continued)

C 3 Events

C 3.1 Event Counters

Address Description Change Default Range of Values Unit or Meaning Incre-

x y ment

04 00 MAIN: No. general start. on 0 0 ... 9999 Reset: 2x E Key 1 o)

04 05 MAIN: No. trip cmds on 0 0 ... 9999 Reset: 2x E Key 1 o)

04 10 FREC: No. system disturb. - 0 0 ... 9999 Reset via 03 06 1

04 19 MON: No. of mon.signals - 0 0 ... 30 Reset via 03 08 1 o)

04 20 FREC: No. of faults - 0 0 ... 9999 Reset via 03 06 1

09 00 GFDSS: No. GF forwd./LS on 0 0 ... 9999 Reset: 2 x E key 1 o)

09 01 GFDSS: No. GF backwd./BS on 0 0 ... 9999 Reset: 2 x E key 1 o)
09 02 GFDSS: No. GF steady-st. on 0 0 ... 9999 Reset: 2 x E key 1 o)
09 03 GFDSS: No. of GFs (curr.) on 0 0 ... 9999 Reset: 2 x E key 1 o)

89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN 191

C Address List
(continued)

C 3.2 Measured Fault Data

Address Description Change Default Range of Values Unit or Meaning Incre-

x y ment

04 21 FMEAS: Operating time - 0.00 ... 65.00 s 0.01 n)o)

04 22 FLOC: Fault location - 0.0 ... 500.0 Ref. unit line length 0.1 n)o)

04 23 FMEAS: Fault impedance - 0.00 ... 9.990 W at Inom = 1 A 0.01

10.00 ... 200.0 W at Inom = 1 A 0.10
0.000 ... 1.998 W at Inom = 5 A 0.002
2.00 ... 40.00 W at Inom = 5 A 0.020

04 24 FMEAS: Fault loop angle - -180 ... 180 ° 1 n)o)

04 25 FMEAS: Fault current p.u. - 0.00 ... 99.99 Inom 0.01 n)o)
04 26 FMEAS: Fault voltage p.u. - 0.000 ... 2.000 Vnom 0.001 n)o)

04 27 FLOC: Fault location % - 0.0 ... 200.0 % Refer.value / reactance 0.1 n)o)

04 28 FMEAS: Fault reactance - 0.00 ... 9.990 W at Inom = 1 A 0.01

- 10.00 ... 200.0 W at Inom = 1 A 0.10
0.000 ... 1.998 W at Inom = 5 A 0.002
2.00 ... 40.00 W at Inom = 5 A 0.020

04 29 FMEAS: Fault react. prim. - 0.00 ... 9.990 W at Inom = 1 A 0.01

10.00 ... 490.0 W at Inom = 1 A 0.10
0.000 ... 1.998 W at Inom = 5 A 0.002
2.00 ... 98.00 W at Inom = 5 A 0.020

04 37 FMEAS: Load impedance - 0.00 ... 9.990 W at Inom = 1 A 0.01

- 10.00 ... 200.0 W at Inom = 1 A 0.10
0.000 ... 1.998 W at Inom = 5 A 0.002
2.00 ... 40.00 W at Inom = 5 A 0.020

04 38 FMEAS: Load angle - -180 ... 180 ° 1 n)o)

04 39 FMEAS: Residual current - 0.00 ... 99.99 Inom 0.01 n)o)

04 48 FMEAS: GF angle - -180 ... 180 ° 1 n)o)

04 49 FMEAS: Fault IN p.u. - 0.00 ... 99.99 Inom 0.01 n)o)

09 20 GMEAS: Voltage VN-G p.u. - 0.000 ... 1.500 Vnom/Ö3 0.001 n)o)

09 21 GMEAS: Current IN p.u. - 0.000 ... 9.999 Inom 0.001 n)o)

09 22 GMEAS: Curr. IN,act p.u. - 0.000 ... 9.999 Inom 0.001 n)o)
09 23 GMEAS: Curr.IN,reac p.u. - 0.000 ... 9.999 Inom 0.001 n)o)

09 24 GMEAS: GF durat.steady-st - 0.0 ... 999.9 min 0.1 n)o)

09 25 GMEAS: IN filtered p.u. - 0.000 ... 9.999 Inom 0.001 n)o)

09 26 GMEAS: GF durat.curr.meas - 0.0 ... 999.9 min 0.1 n)o)

192 89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN

C Address List
(continued)

C 3.3 Fault Signals

Address Description Change Default Range of Values Unit or Meaning Incre-

x y ment

03 00 FREC: Signal memory on ---L Entry into memory

Possible Entries

03 28 MAIN: Prot. ext.activated - 0 / 1 end/start

03 40 MAIN: Man. trip cmd. USER - 0 / 1 end/start p)
03 41 FREC: Triggering USER - 0 / 1 end/start
03 80 PC: Command enabling - 0 / 1 end/start
03 86 PC: Sig./meas. val.block. - 0 / 1 end/start
03 93 FREC: Time (milliseconds) - ms 1
03 94 FREC: Time (seconds) - s 1
03 96 FREC: Time of day - hh:mm 0.01
03 97 FREC: Date - dd.mm 0.01
03 98 FREC: Year - 1
04 20 FREC: No. of faults - 1
04 21 FMEAS: Operating time - s 0.01 n)o)
04 22 FLOC: Fault location - Ref. unit line length 0.1 n)o)
04 23 FMEAS: Fault impedance W
04 24 FMEAS: Fault loop angle - ° 1 n)o)
04 25 FMEAS: Fault current p.u. - Inom 0.01 n)o)
04 26 FMEAS: Fault voltage p.u. - Vnom 0.001 n)o)
04 27 FLOC: Fault location % - % Refer.value / reactance 0.1 n)o)
04 28 FMEAS: Fault reactance W
04 29 FMEAS: Fault react. prim. W
04 60 MAIN: Protect. not ready - 0 / 1 end/start
04 61 MAIN: M.c.b. trip VLS EXT - 0 / 1 end/start
04 62 I>SIG: Overcurrent - 0 / 1 end/start
04 63 MAIN: Ground fault - 0 / 1 end/start
04 64 PSIG: Telecom. faulty EXT - 0 / 1 end/start
04 65 MAIN: Blocked/faulty - 0 / 1 end/start
09 35 GFDSS: Direct. forw./LS - 0 / 1 end/start
09 36 GFDSS: Direct. backw./BS - 0 / 1 end/start
09 37 GFDSS: tVN-G> elapsed - 0 / 1 end/start
09 38 GFDSS: GF curr. meas. - 0 / 1 end/start
15 08 PSIG: Enabled - 0 / 1 end/start
15 09 PSIG: Test telecom. USER - 0 / 1 end/start
21 12 MAIN: Trip cmd.block USER - 0 / 1 end/start
21 13 MAIN: Trip cmd. blocked - 0 / 1 end/start
35 00 FREC: Fault occurence - 0 / 1 end/start
35 01 FREC: Signal mem.overflow - 0 / 1 end/start
36 00 START: General starting - 0 / 1 end/start
36 01 START: Starting A - 0 / 1 end/start
36 02 START: Starting B - 0 / 1 end/start
36 03 START: Starting C - 0 / 1 end/start
36 04 START: Starting GF - 0 / 1 end/start
36 05 MAIN: General trip signal - 0 / 1 end/start
36 09 DIST: Trip signal - 0 / 1 end/start
36 13 BUOC: Starting - 0 / 1 end/start
36 14 BUOC: Trip signal - 0 / 1 end/start
36 15 START: VN-G>> triggered - 0 / 1 end/start
36 16 START: tVN-G>> elapsed - 0 / 1 end/start
36 17 CBF: CB failure - 0 / 1 end/start
36 18 DIST: Fault forward /LS - 0 / 1 end/start
36 19 DIST: Fault backward /BS - 0 / 1 end/start
36 20 PSIG: t1 revers.interlock - 0 / 1 end/start
36 21 START: Zero sequ. start. - 0 / 1 end/start
36 26 DIST: t1 elapsed - 0 / 1 end/start
36 27 DIST: t2 elapsed - 0 / 1 end/start
36 28 DIST: t3 elapsed - 0 / 1 end/start
36 29 DIST: t4 elapsed - 0 / 1 end/start
36 30 DIST: t5 elapsed - 0 / 1 end/start
36 31 DIST: t6 elapsed - 0 / 1 end/start
36 34 CBF: Input EXT - 0 / 1 end/start
36 35 PSIG: Send (signal) - 0 / 1 end/start
36 45 MAIN: Trip cmd. block EXT - 0 / 1 end/start
36 46 DIST: Zone extension EXT - 0 / 1 end/start
36 47 SOTF: Manual close EXT - 0 / 1 end/start

89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN 193

C Address List
(continued)

Address Description Change Default Range of Values Unit or Meaning Incre-

x y ment

36 48 PSIG: Receive EXT - 0 / 1 end/start

36 49 PSIG: Blocking EXT - 0 / 1 end/start
36 51 MAIN: CB closed sig. EXT - 0 / 1 end/start
36 60 PSIG: Telecom. faulty - 0 / 1 end/start
36 63 SOTF: tManual-close runn. - 0 / 1 end/start
36 64 SOTF: Trip aft. man.close - 0 / 1 end/start
36 65 DIST: Zone extension - 0 / 1 end/start
36 66 CBF: tCBF running - 0 / 1 end/start
36 69 MON: Trip by Ineg - 0 / 1 end/start
36 70 MON: Warning - 0 / 1 end/start
36 71 MAIN: General trip cmd. - 0 / 1 end/start
36 88 FLOC: Trigger EXT - 0 / 1 end/start
36 89 FREC: Trigger EXT - 0 / 1 end/start
37 18 MAIN: Man. trip cmd. EXT - 0 / 1 end/start
37 20 MON: Measuring circ.mon. - 0 / 1 end/start
37 21 BUOC: Backup DTOC mode - 0 / 1 end/start
37 28 PSIG: Not ready - 0 / 1 end/start
37 29 PSIG: Receive & gen.start - 0 / 1 end/start
37 70 PC/ILSA: Test mode EXT - 0 / 1 end/start
37 71 PC/ILSA: Test mode - 0 / 1 end/start
37 72 ILSA: Command enable EXT - 0 / 1 end/start
37 73 ILSA: Command enable - 0 / 1 end/start
37 74 ILSA: Sig./meas.block EXT - 0 / 1 end/start
37 75 ILSA: Sig./meas.block - 0 / 1 end/start
38 07 PSIG: Trip signal - 0 / 1 end/start
38 16 MAIN: Starting trig. EXT - 0 / 1 end/start
38 20 GFDSS: GF evaluation EXT - 0 / 1 end/start
38 23 MON: Volt. meas. circuits - 0 / 1 end/start
38 24 MON: Peripheral fault - 0 / 1 end/start
38 27 GFDSS: GFD not ready - 0 / 1 end/start
38 29 GFDSS: GF not ready - 0 / 1 end/start
38 37 DIST: Fault in cable run - 0 / 1 end/start
38 48 MON: Meas.volt. ok - 0 / 1 end/start
40 16 PASS: Input 1 EXT - 0 / 1 end/start
40 17 PASS: Input 2 EXT - 0 / 1 end/start
40 20 PASS: Output 1 (t) - 0 / 1 end/start

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D Set Value Record Sheets

Serial No. 6.

Order No. 89521-0-

Diagram No. 89521.

Nominal Device Data

Inom A AC

Vnom V AC

VA,nom V DC

fnom Hz

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D Set Value Record Sheets
(continued)

D 1 Device Identification

D 1.1 Ordering Information

Address Description Range of values Unit or Meaning

x y
00 80 IDENT: Add. HW modules
00 00 IDENT: Device type 521 PD 521
00 48 IDENT: Device password 1
00 49 IDENT: Device password 2
00 50 IDENT: Auxiliary voltage V
00 51 IDENT: Nominal voltage V
00 52 IDENT: Nominal current A
00 53 IDENT: Nominal frequency Hz
00 54 IDENT: Nominal current IN A

D 1.2 Design Version

Address Description Range of values Unit or Meaning

x y
02 00 IDENT: Data model 100 Version number
02 20 IDENT: SW version 1.0x Version number
02 60 IDENT: Auxiliary address For internal use

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D Set Value Record Sheets
(continued)

D 2 Configuration Parameters

D 2.1 Control Interfaces

Address Description Range of values Unit or Meaning

x y
03 11 LOC: Access lock active
03 12 PC/ILSA: Test mode USER
03 13 LOC: Autom. return addr. xxyy
03 14 LOC: Autom. return time s
03 50 ILSA: Delta V %Vnom
03 51 ILSA: Delta I %Inom
03 52 ILSA: Delta f %fnom
03 53 ILSA: Delta t min
03 54 ILSA: Delta P %Snom
03 55 PC: Delta V %Vnom
03 56 PC: Delta I %Inom
03 57 PC: Delta f %fnom
03 58 PC: Delta t min
03 59 PC: Delta P %Snom
03 68 PC/ILSA: Device addr.(CU) } must be set
03 69 PC/ILSA: Device addr.(PU) } identical
03 70 ILSA: Command enable USER
03 71 ILSA: Baud rate Baud
03 74 ILSA: Transm. cycl. data
03 76 ILSA: Sig./meas.blck.USER
03 77 ILSA: Contin.general scan s
03 80 PC: Command enabling
03 81 PC: Baud rate Baud
03 84 PC: Transm. cycl. data
03 86 PC: Sig./meas. val.block

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D Set Value Record Sheets
(continued)

D 2.2 Binary Inputs

Address Description Range of values Unit or Meaning

x y
54 01 INP: Fct. assignm. U 1
54 04 INP: Fct. assignm. U 2
54 02 INP: Operating mode U 1
54 05 INP: Operating mode U 2

D 2.3 Binary Outputs

Address Description Range of values Unit or Meaning

x y
51 01 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 1
51 03 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 2
51 05 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 3
51 07 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 4
51 09 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 5
51 11 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 6
51 13 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 7
51 15 OUTP: Fct. assignm. K 8

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D Set Value Record Sheets
(continued)

D 2.4 LED Indicators

Address Description Range of values Unit or Meaning

x y
57 01 LED: Fct. assignm. H 1 36.70 MON: Warning
57 03 LED: Fct. assignm. H 2 03.31 MAIN: Operation
57 05 LED: Fct. assignm. H 3 04.65 MAIN: Blocked/faulty
57 07 LED: Fct. assignm. H 4
57 09 LED: Fct. assignm. H 5
57 11 LED: Fct. assignm. H 6
57 13 LED: Fct. assignm. H 7
57 15 LED: Fct. assignm. H 8
57 17 LED: Fct. assignm. H 9
57 19 LED: Fct. assignm. H 10
57 21 LED: Fct. assignm. H 11
57 23 LED: Fct. assignm. H 12

D 3 Function Parameters

D 3.1 Global

Address Description Range of values Unit or Meaning

x y
03 30 MAIN: Protection active
10 03 MAIN: Nominal current
10 04 MAIN: Connect. meas.curr.
10 30 MAIN: System Frequency
10 40 MAIN: Transfer for 1p
10 41 MAIN: Phase priority 2pN
10 48 MAIN: Neutral-point treat
10 49 MAIN: Rotary field
21 12 MAIN: Trip cmd.block USER

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D Set Value Record Sheets
(continued)

D 3.2 Main Functions

Address Description Range of values Unit or Meaning

x y
Starting
10 36 START: tI>> s
10 50 START: Xfw W
10 51 START: Rfw P-G W
10 52 START: Rfw P-P W
10 53 START: Zbw/Zfw
10 54 START: I>> Inom
10 55 START: IN> Inom
10 56 START: VN-G> Vnom/Ö3
10 57 START: tIN> s
10 60 START: Trip tVN-G>>
10 61 START: tVN-G>> s
10 62 START: VN-G>> Vnom/Ö3
10 63 START: b °

10 67 START: Operating mode

10 68 START: I> (Imin) Inom
10 69 START: V< Vnom or Vnom/Ö3
25 93 START: Z evaluation

Distance measurement
12 00 DIST: Zone 4
12 01 DIST: X1 (polygon) W
12 02 DIST: X2 (polygon) W
12 03 DIST: X3 (polygon) W
12 04 DIST: X4 (polygon) W
12 05 DIST: R1 P-G (polygon) W
12 06 DIST: R1 P-P (polygon) W
12 07 DIST: R2 P-G (polygon) W
12 08 DIST: R2 P-P (polygon) W

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D Set Value Record Sheets
(continued)

Address Description Range of values Unit or Meaning

x y

12 09 DIST: R3 P-G (polygon) W

12 10 DIST: R3 P-P (polygon) W
12 11 DIST: R4 P-G (polygon) W
12 12 DIST: R4 P-P (polygon) W
12 13 DIST: a (polygon) °

12 23 DIST: Direction N1
12 24 DIST: Direction N2
12 25 DIST: Direction N3
12 26 DIST: Direction N4
12 27 DIST: Direction N5
12 28 DIST: t1 s
12 29 DIST: t2 s
12 30 DIST: t3 s
12 31 DIST: t4 s
12 32 DIST: t5 s
12 33 DIST: t6 s
12 34 DIST: kze P-G HSR
12 35 DIST: kze P-P HSR
12 36 DIST: kG angle
12 37 DIST: kG abs. value
12 38 DIST: Arc comp. (circle)
12 40 DIST: Characteristic
12 41 DIST: a (circle) °

12 42 DIST: Z1 (circle) W
12 43 DIST: Z2 (circle) W
12 44 DIST: Z3 (circle) W
12 45 DIST: Z4 (circle) W

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D Set Value Record Sheets
(continued)

D 3.3 Supplementary Functions

Operating Value Measurement

Address Description Range of values Unit or Meaning

x y
10 01 OMEAS: Inom,prim. C.T. A
10 02 OMEAS: Vnom,prim. V.T. kV

Pass-Through Functions

Address Description Range of values Unit or Meaning

x y
17 21 PASS: tEM1 s
17 30 PASS: Op. mode tEM1

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D Set Value Record Sheets
(continued)

Ground Fault Direction Determination

Address Description Range of values Unit or Meaning

x y
16 60 GFDSS: Enabled
16 61 GFDSS: tVN-G> s
16 62 GFDSS: VN-G> Vnom
16 63 GFDSS: Operating mode
16 64 GFDSS: IN,act>/IN,reac Inom
16 65 GFDSS: Sector angle LS °
16 66 GFDSS: Operate delay LS s
16 67 GFDSS: IN,act>/IN,reac Inom
16 68 GFDSS: Sector angle BS °
16 69 GFDSS: Operate delay BS s
16 70 GFDSS: Connect.meas.curr.
16 71 GFDSS: Common reset
16 72 GFDSS: Release delay LS s
16 73 GFDSS: Release delay BS s
16 90 GFDSS: Select GFD/GF
16 91 GFDSS: f0 (GFD) Hz
16 92 GFDSS: f0 (GF) Hz
16 93 GFDSS: IN> Inom
16 94 GFDSS: Operate delay IN s
16 95 GFDSS: Release delay IN s

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D Set Value Record Sheets
(continued)

Fault Localization

Address Description Range of values Unit or Meaning

x y
10 05 FLOC: Line length
10 11 FLOC: Start determination
10 12 FLOC: Line reactance W

Overcurrent (I>) Signal

Address Description Range of values Unit or Meaning

x y
14 04 I>SIG: Thresh. value DTOC Inom
14 08 I>SIG: t s

CB-Failure Protection

Address Description Range of values Unit or Meaning

x y
11 67 CBF: tCBF s

Back-up Protection

Address Description Range of values Unit or Meaning

x y
14 00 BUOC: Operating mode
17 00 BUOC: I> Inom
17 03 BUOC: IN> Inom
17 04 BUOC: tI> s
17 08 BUOC: tIN> s

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D Set Value Record Sheets
(continued)

Fault Recording

Address Description Range of values Unit or Meaning

x y
03 78 FREC: Pre-fault time ms
03 79 FREC: Post-fault time ms
03 95 FREC: Time-switching
03 96 FREC: Time of day hh:mm
03 97 FREC: Date dd.mm
03 98 FREC: Year
Protective Signaling

Address Description Range of values Unit or Meaning

x y
15 00 PSIG: Operating mode
15 02 PSIG: Reset time send s
15 03 PSIG: Echo on receive
15 04 PSIG: Enabled USER
15 11 PSIG: Tripping time s
15 12 PSIG: DC loop op. mode

Self-monitoring

Address Description Range of values Unit or Meaning

x y
03 15 MON: Peripheral fault
14 01 MON: Meas.circuit mon.
14 02 MON: Threshold value Ineg
14 03 MON: Trip by Ineg
14 07 MON: Meas. volt. circuit

Switch on to Fault Protection

Address Description Range of values Unit or Meaning

x y
11 60 SOTF: Manual close timer s
11 61 SOTF: Operating mode

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E Terminal Connection Diagrams

111 Terminal connection diagram for PD521 version -302 -401 -602, diagram 89521.401
part 1 of 2

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E Terminal Connection Diagrams
(continued)

112 Terminal connection diagram for PD521 version -302 -401 -602, diagram 89521.401
part 2 of 2

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E Terminal Connection Diagrams

113 Terminal connection diagram for PD521 version -303 -402 -602, diagram 89521.402
part 1 of 2

208 89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN

E Terminal Connection Diagrams
(continued)

114 Terminal connection diagram for PD521 version -303 -402 -602, diagram 89521.402
part 2 of 2

89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN 209

210 89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN
ALSTOM Energietechnik GmbH
Bereich Schutz- und Schaltanlagenleittechnik
System Protection
P. O. Box 71 01 07

D - 60491 Frankfurt

This operating manual is drafted according to our experience and is composed conscientiously. If nevertheless you
still find any mistakes in it, please tell us by this enclosed form. We are also grateful for your further hints and
improvement proposals.

Operating Manual "PD 521 Distance Protection Device"

Publication ID No. "89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN"

Hints:

Sender
Address: Phone:

Fax:

89521-302/-303-401/-402-602 / AFSV.12.06470 EN 211