Kepler's laws of planetary motion:

1. every planet's orbit is an ellipse with the Sun at a focus;

2. a line joining the Sun and a planet sweeps out equal areas in equal times
3. Kepler's Third Law, or The Law of Harmony — The time required for a planet to orbit the
sun, called its period, is proportional to half the long axis of the ellipse raised to the 3/2
power. The constant of proportionality is the same for all the planets.
What is the formula for Kepler's third law?
Kepler's 3rd Law: P2 = a
Windows Original. Kepler's 3rd law is a mathematical formula. It means that if you know the
period of a planet's orbit (P = how long it takes the planet to go around the Sun), then you can
determine that planet's distance from the Sun (a = the semimajor axis of the planet's orbit)
If the size of the orbit (a) is expressed in astronomical units
(1 AU equals the average distance between the Earth and Sun)
and the period (P) is measured in years,
then Kepler's Third Law says P2 = a3. where P is in Earth years,
a is in AU and M is the mass of the central object in units of the mass of the Sun.