c



History:
The first artificial satellite was Sputnik 1, launched by the Soviet Union on October 4,
1957, and initiating the Soviet Sputnik program, with Sergei Korolev as chief
designer. This in turn triggered the Space Race between the Soviet Union and the
United States. Sputnik 1 helped to identify the density of high atmospheric layers
through measurement of its orbital change and provided data on radio-signal
distribution in the ionosphere. The unanticipated announcement of Sputnik 1's
success precipitated the Sputnik crisis in the United States and ignited the so-called
Space Race within the Cold War. Sputnik 2 was launched on November 3, 1957 and
carried the first living passenger into orbit, a dog named Laika. On May, 1946,
Project RAND had released the Preliminary Design of a Experimental World-Circling
Spaceship, which stated, "A satellite vehicle with appropriate instrumentation can be
expected to be one of the most potent scientific tools of the Twentieth Century. In
June 1961, three-and-a-half years after the launch of Sputnik 1, the Air Force used
resources of the United States Space Surveillance Network to catalog 115 Earth-
orbiting satellites. The largest artificial satellite currently orbiting the Earth is the
International Space Station.

Impact on Society and/or Environment:

Satellites are used for a large number of purposes. Common types include military
and civilian Earth observation satellites, communications satellites, navigation
satellites, weather satellites, and research satellites. Space stations and human
spacecraft in orbit are also satellites. Satellite orbits vary greatly, depending on the
purpose of the satellite, and are classified in a number of ways. Well-known
(overlapping) classes include low Earth orbit, polar orbit, and geostationary orbit.
Satellites have changed our world for the better. They have changed the way we
move, the way we can predict and the way we communicate and entertain ourselves.
We can now call people across the world on our satellite phones, we can watch any
.v sa
n, we can l en 
he rad
, we can pred c he weaher 
we kn
w wha 

wear ha day and we can ge ar
und n
w w h Gp, Saell e are amaz ng and have
changed
ur l ve n 
c e f
 eve.

Inee ng Fac:
Thee ae
ve 2500 aell e n
b  a
und he Eah . Thee ae al

ve 10 000
man made
bjec
b  ng a
und he Eah. Thee nclude a va e
f p ece
f
aell e deb  ang ng f
m panel 
d ued equ men. The f  aell e named
Spun k 1 wa launched b he S
v e Un
n
n 4h Oc
be 1957. I wa a f

ball
 zed gl
be ha anm ed a "beep beep" 
und a 
b ed he Eah. The w
d
Spun k mean aell e. I c
n nued anm  ng f
 ab
u 21 da. I wa f
ll
wed
f
u m
nh lae b he US aell e Expl
e 1 wh ch wa launched
n 31 Janua
1958. P
 bl
ne
f he be kn
wn aell e wa Tela 1. Bu l b AT&T  wa
launched
n Jul 10, 1962, and
n he ame da l ve elev 
n p cue
 g na ng n
he Un ed Sae wee ece ved n Fance. M
 c
mmun ca
n aell e ue wha
 emed a ge
a
na
b . Thee ae a an al ude
f, a
und 22,000 m le and
a a eul
f he  peed and he c cumfeence
f he
b  he avel 
und he
Eah ab
ve he equa
 n 24 h
u. A he avel a he ame ae ha he Eah

ae, he a ab
ve he ame p
n
n he Eah' uface all he  me. In
c
na, L
w Eah Ob  ae ju ab
ve he Eah' am
phee and ae p call
beween 100 and 800 m le n al ude. Ob  ng a h  al ude, an
bjec ma
nl
ake ab
u 90 m nue 
c
mpleel c cle he Eah, avell ng a a
und 17,000
m le pe h
u. L
w Eah Ob   ued b manned veh cle uch a he pace
hule and he Inena
nal Space Sa
n. I  al
ued f
 weahe and em
e
en ng aell e. On a clea n gh   uuall p
 ble 
ee w h he naked ee
eveal aell e n l
w eah
b  pa ng
vehea.

Ph c C
ncep:
Bu   be ng aced
n b gav , 
ndeed,  d
e a fall ng. I ha h 
h
 z
nal vel
c  and becaue
f gav   devel
p 
me ve cal vel
c  

- 

 pah bend. Remembe, he h
 z
nal vel
c   qu e lage and he Eah  a
ball. S
b he  me he aell e' pah ha ben awa f
m he a gh l ne I alked
ab
u ab
ve, he Eah' uface ha cuved awa n he ame d ec
n a he bend
n he aell e' pah. The pah
f he aell e  bend ng fuhe f
m ha a gh
l ne and he Eah' uface  cuv ng awa 

. A he pah bend, he gav  
alwa ac ng n a d ec
n pepend cula 
he cuve
f he
b . If he
 g nal
h
 z
nal vel
c   he  gh magn ude, he bend ng
f he aell e' pah and he
cuve
f he Eah' uface w ll be 

f paallel. I m gh eem w
ng 
c
n nue 

call ha
 g nal vel
c  h
 z
nal bu ha' wha  l

k l ke f
m d
wn hee. If 
u
dew a p cue
f wha  l

k l ke f
m he m

n, afe g
ng halfwa a
und he
w
ld  l

k l ke ' g
ng n he
pp
 e d ec
n bu '  ll f
ll
w he cuve
f
he Eah. The Eah  cl
e 
a pefec phee and
fen he aell e' pah  m
e

f an
val (ell pe  acuall a bee name f
 ), bu  ll, he Eah uface
manage 
cuve
u
f he wa a he aell e c
n nue 
c
mb ne '
 g nal
h
 z
nal vel
c  and fall ng due 
gav . C
mb n ng he h
 z
nal vel
c  and
he ac
n
f gav  d
en' nceae
 deceae he h
 z
nal vel
c  becaue he
gav   alwa pepend cula. (Th  n' pefecl ue when he
b   an ell pe,
bu  aveage
u 
eem ha wa.)

Refeence
Saell e Fac and Inf
ma
n :: Rad
-Elec
n c.C
m. (n.d.). Rad
-
Elec
n c.c
m: e
uce and anal  f
 elec
n c eng nee. Re eved
Oc
be 14, 2010, f
m hp://www.ad
-
elec
n c.c
m/ nf
/aell e/aell e_fac/aell e_fac.php
The Impac
f Saell e
n M
den S
c e - a kn
l b Seg
R Angele. (n.d.). Kn
l
- a un 
f kn
wledge: hae wha 
u kn
w, publ h 
u expe e..
Re eved Oc
be 14, 2010, f
m hp://kn
l.g

gle.c
m/k/eg
--
angele/he- mpac-
f-aell e-
n-m
den/hqz 9h33vh/7#
 mulane
u, a. f. (n.d.). The H 

f Saell e - Spun k I. Inven
. Re eved
 Oc
be 14, 2010, f
m
hp:// nven
.ab
u.c
m/l ba/ nven
/blaell e.hm

APA f
ma ng b B bMe.
.