S e u e n c e s

q
A set
of
numbers that
follows a
definite pattern is called a

sequence You can continue sequence how the terms

a
if you
know are
.

related .

For example :

a) For the
sequence : 5
,
2
,
-

l
,
-4 ,
. . .
subtract 3

b) i 288 144 72 36 divide

by
i, I,
i,
,
, , ,
. . . 2

Exauepeet
For questions t 5 write down the terms
first of the
-

four
,

sequence
1
starting
. with -

t ,
keep adding 1.5
2.
starting with 3 , keep subtracting 1.25
3.
starting with 1 , keep multiplying by 2.5

4.
starting with 3
, keep dividing by 3 -

Answer
-

I .
-
l 0.5 E 3.5
, , ,

2 . 3
,
1.75 0.5 -

0.75
, ,

3 . 1
,
2.5
,
6.25
,
15.625

4 .
3
,
-

I ,
-13 ,
-

Ig .

It to the nth term

very useful
is a
know
of sequence .

Then we can
find any term of the sequence we want
by substituting
with
n an
appropriate number
Exampled
Find the first three terms
of a
sequence with nth term Ents
2b -
I

Answers

first term
For me : =

2£f =

f- =3

For n = 2 second term 2×2+1

'S
:
=
=

For n third term

22,3¥ ¥
-

-
s :
=
=
 Exauepee3_
The nth term of a
sequence is 7h -19 .

Which term the sequence has value 65 ?

of a
of

Answertfy
+9=65 7h = 56 n =8

term of the
So ,
the
eighth sequence is 65 .

Iarithmeticseguencel
When the
difference between two
consecutive terms in a
sequence
any
is the same the is called an arithmetic
, sequence sequence .

The difference between the terms is called the common

difference .

The be positive
common difference can or
negative
2 5 8 14 is arithmetic
sequence with
le
difference
an

of 3
a common

I 2 3 4 5 is arithmetic
sequence with difference
an
a common 1
of
5 3 l t 3 is arithmetic
sequence with
-

difference
-

an

of -2
a common

2 3 5 7 11 is not an arithmetic
sequence

Notation
=

For arithmetic used term

any sequence ,
the letter a is
for
the
first
and the letter d is used the
for common
difference .

1st term 2nd term 3rd term 4th term . . . nth term
a octal a -12dL at 3rd
at Ch -

t ) d
②

|atCn-s)/
The arithmetic sequence with first term a and common
difference
d has nth term given by the formula :
Exauepeei
a) Find the nth term of the sequence :
5,8 ,
l l 14 17
, , ,
. . .

b) Use
your
answer to part a to
find the tooth term .

c) Is 243 a term
of the sequence ?

Answers

a) 0=5 and d =3
,
so the nth term = at (n -
1) d = 5 t Ch -
e) 3=5+3 n -

3 =

3h -12

b) The tooth term is 3×100+2 = 302

c) 3h +2=243 ⇐ 3h = 241 h = is not a whole number .

So 243 is not a term the

,
of sequence .

Exauepeets
The 3rd term an arithmetic sequence is 13 and the 6th term is 28
of
Find the first term and the common
difference .

Answerer
3rd term = at 2nd so at 2nd =
13
,

G th term = at-bat , so at 5d = 28

{ II.d. II. Li: :* Lassie :3:

'

la
a =3
⇐ ⇐
a .
..
.
.

The sum
of the first n terms ari thetic secure rice is called
of an

arithmetic series

we do note the the first terms with Sn

sum
of n

|Sn=#atCn-Dd
InariarithmeticsequenceSnisgivenbytheform
Exampled
Given 32+28+24+20 t . . .
, find the sum
of the first 100 terms .

Answers
The numbers 32,28 24 20 arithmetic sequence with
, , ,
- . .

form an

a = 32 and D= -

So ,
the sum
of
the first 100 terms is
10oz [2×321-(100-1) C- at ] = -
16600

Exawpeett
Find 2+5+8 tht t . . .
t 119

Answers
The numbers 2 5 8 it leg arithmetic sequence with
, , , ,
. . . .

, form an

first term a = 2 and common difference d =3

We 'll have to the number 119 which term

of the sequence is
find ,
to
find the number terms the sequence
of of .

The nth term of the arithmetic sequence is at Ch -

Dd = Itch 1) -
3 =

It 3h -3 = 3h -

119 =3 n -

I 120 =
3h n =
40

4oz [ 2×2 ( 40 1) 3 ]
So 2 t 5 -18 t -1119 540 2420
- - -
= =
, =
t -
 Questions
from past papers

1 . The nth term

of
a
sequence is
given by 5h22 .
Find the first
three terms the sequence
of .

2 Here terms
.
are the first 4
of a
sequence .

4096 -

1024 256 -

64

ca ) Write down the next 2 terms the sequence

of
.

(b) Explain how you found your answer .

33 Here are the first five terms arithmetic

of
an
sequence
.

7 10 13 16 19

Find the sum

of
the first 100 terms
of this sequence .

4 .
The 25 th term
of an arithmetic series is 44.5
The the this arithmetic
sum
of first 30 terms
of
series is 765 .

Find the Koth term arithmetic

of the series .

Show
your working clearly

5 Here
.
is a
sequence of patterns made
from sticks

# EET EE.Et
a .
Draw Pattern number 4

b How sticks needed to Pattern number 7 ?

.

many are
make

c. Work out the Pattern number the Patter

of made
from exactly
62 sticks .

d Pedro "
There will be
.

sticks
says
Is Pedro
a pattern in the
sequence with exactly
.
correct ?
6 . The table gives information about the
first six terms
of
a

sequence of
numbers .

¥meme¥¥¥¥¥
Termnuwber/l/2/3/4/t
Prove algebraically that the sum
of any
two consecutive terms of this
sequence is
always a
square number .

7 (2×+23) ( 8×+27 (20×-52) are three qonsequtive terms

.
,
,
of an

arithmetic Prove that the

sequence .
common
difference of the
sequence is 12 .

8 Here terms
.
are the first four of a
sequence of fractions

÷ e. ÷ ¥
whole
The numerators
of
the fractions form the sequence of numbers

I 2 3 4 . o .

The denominators the fractions odd numbers

of form the sequence of

I 3 5 7 . . .

(a) Write down expression in terms of the nth term

of this
n
an
, for
sequence of fractions .

(b)
Using algebra , prove that when the square of any
odd number is

divided the remainder is I

by 4 .

9 .
Here are the first five terms
of an arithmetic sequence :

7 11 15 19 23

Write down an
expression in terms of n
for the nth term the
of
sequence .
 10 Here are the first five terms of S
a
sequence : to 16 22 28 34
.

(a) Find expression in terms of

for the nth term the
an
,
n .

of sequence .

'
The nth term of a
sequence
T is
given by n -3 .

There are numbers that are terms in both the sequence S and T .

(b) Find one

of these numbers .

11 Here terms
. are the first four of an arithmetic sequence

6 10 14 18

(a) Find an
expression in terms the nth term
of n ,
for .

(b) Write down an

expression in terms the 4th th term
of n
for .

12 The sum the first 48 terms of an arithmetic series is 4 times the

.

of
sum
of the first 36 terms
of
the same series .

Find the sum

of
the first 30 terms
of
this series .