Asia Lighterage and Shipping, Inc. v.

CA and Prudential Guarantee and Assurance,

Inc.

FACTS:

Shipper - Marubeni American Corporation of Oregon shipped Better Western White Wheat
Vessel – M/V Neo Cymbidium
Consignee – General Milling Corp. in Manila.
Shipment was insured by Prudential Guarantee and Assurance, Inc. against loss or damage

In Manila, the cargo was transferred to the custody of Petitioner, Asia Lighterage and Shipping,
Inc who was contracted by the consignee as carrier to deliver the cargo to the consignee’s
warehouse. The cargo did not reach its destination.

The ship took shelter from the approaching typhoon but developed a hole from a bump
underwater. The hole was patched with clay and cement. Before reaching the consignee’s
wharf, the barge ran a strong current and a portion of goods was transferred to three other
barges. The ship sank completely.

Consignee sent a claim letter to the petitioner and the respondent for the value of the lost
cargo. Respondent indemnified consignee and asked recovery from petitioner.

RTC Decision:
Petitioner is liable to Respondent Prudential Guarantee.

CA’s Decision:
Affirmed.

ISSUES:
1) WON Petitioner is a common carrier
2) WON, assuming the petitioner is a common carrier, exercised extraordinary diligence in
its care and custody of the consignee’s cargo.

RULING:
Petitioner is a common carrier.

Petitioner is engaged in the business of shipping and lighterage offering its barges to the public,
despite its limited clientele for carrying or transporting goods by water for compensation.

Common carrier is a persons, corporations, firms or associations engaged in the business of

carrying or transporting passengers or goods or both, by land, water, or air, for compensation,
offering their services to the public.

Common carrier makes no distinction between one

1) whose principal business activity is the carrying of persons or goods or both, and one
who does such carrying only as an ancillary activity;
2) offering transportation service on a regular or scheduled basis and one offering such
service on an occasional, episodic or unscheduled basis ;
3) offering its services to the general public, and one who offers services or solicits
business only from a narrow segment of the general population;
4) having fixed and publicly known routes;
5) maintaining terminals or issue tickets.

Petitioner have not overthrown the presumption of negligence

Common carriers are bound to observe extraordinary diligence. They are presumed to have
been at fault or to have acted negligently if the goods are lost, destroyed or deteriorated. To
overcome the presumption, common carriers must prove that it exercised extraordinary
diligence.
Art. 1734. Common carriers are responsible for the loss, destruction, or deterioration of the
goods, unless the same is due to any of the following causes only: NAWCO
1) Flood, storm, earthquake, lightning, or other natural disaster or calamity;
2) Act of the public enemy in war, whether international or civil;
3) Act or omission of the shipper or owner of the goods;
4) The character of the goods or defects in the packing or in the containers;
5) Order or act of competent public authority.

The proximate the cause of the loss of the cargo is the negligence, not the typhoon. The ship
has already suffered a hole, which was not solely attributed to the typhoon. It was refloated
and the hole was patched with clay and cement. Despite that, the petitioner proceeded with the
voyage, recklessly exposing the cargo to further damage, and the knowledge of the incoming
typhoon.

The petitioner cannot invoke the occurrence of the typhoon as force majeure to escape liability
for the loss sustained by the private respondent. Surely, meeting a typhoon head-on falls short
of due diligence required from a common carrier.

Petition is denied.