Student's Book Answer Key

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Student’s Book Answer Key

Note: In communicative exercises where several answers are possible, this answer key
contains some examples of correct answers, not all possible answers. Any valid answer in this
type of exercise should be considered acceptable.
UNIT 1
PREVIEW
E Understand idioms and expressions

1. b 2. a 3. a 4. a 5. a 6. a
F Compare and contrast
1. Leo is more of a pessimist. Nora is more of a realist.
2. Answers will vary.
LESSON 1: Describe your personality

B Classify the vocabulary
Are always positive: polite, punctual, friendly, nice, interesting, intelligent, easygoing,
outgoing, considerate, modest, trustworthy
Can be either: liberal, conservative, hardworking, independent, serious, talkative
Are always negative: impolite, rude, unfriendly
D Listen to activate grammar
1. to paint the bedroom
2. telling . . . keyboard
3. to watch a movie
4. working . . . an office
5. being rude
6. having to . . . Friday
E Pair work
Answers will vary but may include the following:
1. staying up late
2. to paint your house
3. working late
4. working on the weekend
5. working on Saturday
6. to tell a joke
7. watching movies
8. cleaning in the house
Summit 1, Third Edition

Copyright © 2017 by Pearson Education, Inc. Duplication for classroom use is permitted.
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LESSON 2: Discuss someone’s behavior

C Listen to classify
1. a workaholic, a team player
2. a tyrant, a pain in the neck
3. a pain in the neck
E Understand the grammar
2. Hotel security guards told drivers to stop at the entrance to the hotel.
3. The rules required employees to return from lunch at 2:00.
4. Our manager encouraged us to tweet our questions to the speaker.
5. The invitation advised them to be at the restaurant before 8:00 p.m.
F Grammar practice
2. them . . . re-schedule the game
3. Heather . . . study for the test
4. people . . . leave their bags outside
5. someone . . . walk your dog
6. us . . . buy a new car
G Pair work
2. asked Kevin to speak
3. would like you to be
4. want Kathy to write
5. want my assistant to speak
LESSON 3: Compare perspectives on world problems

B Listen for main ideas
Conversation 1: crime
Conversation 2: a virus
Conversation 3: terrorism
C Listen for details
1. a. F
b. F
2. a. ND
b. ND
3. a. T
b. ND
D Understand meaning from context
1. a 2. b 3. a 4. a 5. a 6. a 7. a 8. b 9. b 10. a
E Group work
Conversation 1
1. Provide more money for local police. Not tempt criminals.
2. Because he presents specific examples of how to fight crime.

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Conversation 2
1. It’s even more contagious than Ebola.
2. The woman. She gives some good news.
Conversation 3
1. Nothing. She said people just have to keep living normally. They should hope for the best.
2. The woman
LESSON 4: Discuss creative ways to achieve a goal

B Reading
He left the family’s camera on top of his car and drove away. All the vacation photos were
gone.
C Determine the main idea
2
– absent-minded – hopeless – meaningless + useful
+ affectionate + purposeful + powerful
E Summarize
The article is about a creative approach to solving a problem. A family on vacation lost a
camera. When a man found it on the side of the road, he posted a picture from the camera
on Facebook with a note. After hundreds of shares, the photo found its way to the family.
The camera was returned to them, thus illustrating how powerful and useful social media
can be.
F Word study
I was careless on my exam and made a lot of mistakes!
She was hopeful she would get a good job when she graduated.
Ted thought teaching was a very meaningful profession.
My dental visit was painless!
The president of the company is a very powerful person.
The meeting was purposeless and a waste of time.
I learned many useful things in the computer class.
G Word study practice
restful: something that makes you feel relaxed
restless: unable to relax or sit still
helpful: giving help
helpless: needing help from other people
pitiful: causing you to feel sadness or pity
pitiless: having or showing no pity for other people’s suffering

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WRITING
B Practice
1. S3
2. S1
3. T
4. S2
5. C
6. S4
C Practice
Paragraph 1
Topic sentence: Terrorist acts take many forms, but all have one thing in common: the
senseless targeting of innocent people to achieve maximum pain, fear, and disruption.
Concluding sentence: In conclusion, although I generally have a positive outlook, I think it is
just a matter of time until terrorists harm me or people I know and love.
Paragraph 2
Topic sentence: The things that worry many people don’t worry me.
Concluding sentence: “Better safe than sorry,” as they say, but in most cases it’s best just to
try to roll with the punches.
REVIEW
A 1. pessimist
2. realist
3. optimist
B 1. Susan
2. John
3. Matt
C Answers will vary but may include the following:
1. is relaxed and doesn’t worry about things too much.
2. is interested in other people and new experiences.
3. does what they say they will do.
4. gives other people help when they need it.
D 1. tyrant
2. team player
3. workaholic
4. people person
E 1. painless
2. hopeless
3. useful
4. hopeful
5. powerful

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UNIT 2
PREVIEW
B Vocabulary
A beat is the rhythm of a piece of music; a melody is the order of notes in a musical piece;
lyrics are the words of a song; sound refers to the particular style or quality of an artist’s
or group’s music; voice is the quality of sound produced when one sings; a performance is
entertaining an audience for example, by playing music or acting a play.
1. f 2. e 3. g 4. d 5. b 6. a 7. c
F Think and explain
1. Sandy has seen the movie The Phantom of the Opera, but she would like to see it live;
Amalia has seen it on stage, but she wouldn’t mind seeing it again; Paul saw it ten years
ago, but he isn’t interested in seeing it again.
2. Sandy thinks the art exhibit might be just right for Paul because he had suggested that
maybe there’s a museum that stays open late.
LESSON 1: Describe how you’ve been enjoying the arts

D Notice the grammar
Hasn’t that thing been playing for like twenty years now? [an action that may continue in the
future.]
1. He’s been playing with their band for almost ten years.
3. She’s been looking online this morning for a good deal on show tickets.
4. Since he got promoted to stage manager, Mark’s been arriving early at the theater every
day.
5. We’ve been going to a lot of concerts lately.
8. Lately, audiences have been asking them to play more songs from their new album.
F Grammar practice
1. Have you been watching
2. Has Max seen
3. What have you been doing?
4. Has Vickie been working
5. Has Jerry ever gone
6. How long have you been waiting
LESSON 2: Express a negative opinion politely

B Listen to activate vocabulary
1. sentimental
2. commercial
3. dated
4. repetitive
5. serious

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E Notice the grammar

And what I really love is the location.
F Grammar practice
2. What I didn’t care for was Adele’s overly sentimental lyrics.
3. What Jessica doesn’t particularly like is Bono’s voice.
4. What I’d really enjoy seeing is a live Lady Gaga performance.
5. What really makes me want to dance is the song “I Gotta Feeling” by the Back Eyed
Peas.
G Pair work
1. What always puts me to sleep is jazz.
2. What I can’t stand in techno-pop is the loud beat.
3. What can make even bad lyrics seem acceptable is a good melody.
4. What drives me crazy is listening to my brother try to sing.
5. What helps me unwind is dancing to the music of a great salsa band.
6. What I love is downloading songs by unknown new artists.
LESSON 3: Describe a creative personality

C Reading
His strong personality made him an unpleasant person who often lost his temper and
behaved selfishly. But it was also his strong personality that enabled him to fight the
obstacles and keep working when he lost his hearing.
D Infer information
1. 1786
2. 56
3. He was moved by the roaring applause even though he couldn’t hear it.
4. 1827
E Identify supporting details
1. He composed his first piece of music by age 12.
2. He continued to write many pieces of music.
3. He wrote many unique compositions.
4. He asked several women to marry him.
5. He rarely bathed.
6. He dumped a plate of food on a waiter’s head.
7. He would walk through the streets talking to himself.
8. If anyone talked during a concert he would stop playing and leave.
F Express and support an opinion
1. Women rejected Beethoven because he was egotistical, eccentric, and difficult to get
along with. They probably made the right decision; the marriage probably would not have
lasted.
2. Beethoven didn’t need to hear to create extraordinary music. His music was in his heart
and mind.

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LESSON 4: Discuss the benefits of the arts

1. music
2. drama
3. art
C Listen for supporting information
1. b 2. a 3. b
D Listen to take notes
1. a disability that causes a person to learn more slowly than most people, and affects a
person’s ability to communicate and interact socially
2. teenagers that are depressed because of difficult life experiences
3. someone who is elderly
1. relaxed
2. depressed
3. soothing
4. surprising
5. amazed
6. pleased
7. entertaining
WRITING
B Error correction
Answers will vary but may include the following. Corrections are underlined.
Some people think I am moody, pessimistic, and cautious because I sometimes worry about
the future. However, this is very surprising to me. What I think is that I have always been
passionate, positive, and optimistic. The fact that I love traveling, meeting new people, and
learning about new places proves that I don’t have a pessimistic outlook. Most of my friends
find me to be energetic and imaginative.
C Practice
1. I like reading, listening to music, and going to movies.
2. I’ve been a teacher, a stay-at-home mom, and an office manager.
3. I enjoy hiking, skiing, and swimming in the ocean.
4. Seeing new places, having new experiences, and making new friends are all reasons I
like to travel.
5. Last year I joined the volleyball team, played in ten games, and won an award.
6. What energizes and relaxes me is painting portraits, cooking great meals, and playing
my guitar.
REVIEW
A 1. The man / Their music is too sentimental.
2. The woman / Her music is too serious.
3. The man / Music is too commercial.

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4. The man / Her performances are too eccentric.

5. The woman / His music is out-of-date.
B 1. gifted
2. eccentric
3. egotistical
4. moody
5. energetic
6. passionate
C 1. I’ve already written two reports for my boss this month.
2. Correct
3. They’ve never heard about art therapy before.
4. Most likely, Lance has been studying late. His bedroom light is still on.
5. We haven’t made reservations for our flight yet.
6. I’ll bet you’ve been doing the laundry. I can hear the washing machine.
D 1. What wouldn’t be much fun is life without the arts.
2. What I don’t like is a band whose music is really commercial.
3. What the beat did was make everyone feel like dancing.
4. What I like to listen to is music that has fun lyrics and a great melody.
5. What they should go see is anything that’s playing on Broadway.
UNIT 3
PREVIEW
1. c 2. b 3. e 4. f 5. g 6. i 7. j 8. a 9. d 10. h
SPEAKING Group work
1. never needs charging
2. makes wrinkles disappear
3. increases your speed
4. a diet pill: makes you lose weight quickly
LESSON 1: Express buyer’s remorse

B Listen for details
1. a juicer
2. a digital camera
3. an exercise bike
4. a sound system
5. a car
C Activate vocabulary
2. It’s too hard to operate.
3. It just sits around collecting dust.
4. It’s too hard to put together.
5. It costs too much to maintain.

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E Notice the grammar

I shouldn’t have said that.
F Understand the grammar
2. Should you have read the owner’s manual before you tried to use the espresso maker?
3. We ought to have gone to a discount store instead of this fancy department store.
4. I should not have been in such a hurry to sell my house.
5. Shouldn’t he have taken the tutorial for his new computer?
6. I should not have bought these gimmicky basketball shoes.
G Pair work
2. She wishes she hadn’t tried to repair the air-conditioner herself.
3. He wishes she had bought a convertible.
4. Clark wishes his dad had returned the defective tires as soon as he read about the
problem in the news.
5. The teacher wishes the children had taken the school bus this morning.
LESSON 2: Talk about financial goals and plans

But, Dad, by the time I have enough money to buy a smart bike myself, all my friends will
have already gotten theirs!
E Grammar practice
1. By the end of this month I will have put half my paycheck in the bank.
2. By next summer Stan will have saved enough to make a down payment on an apartment.
3. Do you think you will have lowered your credit card debt by December?
4. When will they have started spending less than they earn?
F Grammar practice
1. intends to have created
2. is hoping to have made
3. plans to have begun
4. expects to have paid back
G Error correction
1. I expect to have earned enough money to buy a car by the end of the year.
2. Before they come back home, they will have spent all the money they took with them.
3. We hope to have completed our driver training by the end of the week.
4. By the time I’m thirty I will have been married for five years.
LESSON 3: Discuss good and bad money management

B Vocabulary practice
2. lives beyond his means.
3. live paycheck to paycheck.
4. pays her credit card bills in full.
5. doesn’t know where his money goes.
6. is drowning in debt.
7. live within their means.
8. keeps track of her expenses.

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C Listen to confirm content

Caller 1: 1, 3
Caller 2: 1, 2, 3
Caller 3: 1, 2, 4
D Listen to summarize
Caller 1: He can’t save any money and finds it hard to keep track of expenses.
Caller 2: Parents give her money for things she needs, but she wants an allowance so she
can decide how to spend her money.
Caller 3: She is drowning in debt and needs advice on her credit cards.
E Listen to evaluate
In Conversation 1, the caller gets advice on saving a little bit of money by collecting loose
change in a jar. The financial advisor doesn’t give the man advice about tracking expenses.
The caller could probably use some tips about budgeting his money so that it lasts longer.
LESSON 4: Explain reasons for charitable giving

B Reading
A charity is an organization that gives money, goods, or help to people who are poor, sick,
etc.
C Word study
adjective: charitable
verb: contribute
noun: volunteer
noun: donation
noun: assistant
verb: pollute
verb: threaten
adjective: extinct
1. threat
2. Donations
3. extinction
4. assistance
5. pollution
6. contributions
E Draw conclusions
1. b 2. a 3. a
F Express and support an opinion
In my opinion Doctors Without Borders does more important work. This charity is dedicated
to saving human lives. There is no more important cause than this.

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WRITING
B Practice
First,
Secondly,
Finally,
REVIEW
A Conversation 1: c
Conversation 2: b
Conversation 3: a
B 1. lives paycheck to paycheck
2. drowning in debt
3. lives beyond her means
4. doesn’t know where the money goes
C Answers will vary but may include the following.
1. I will have cleaned my apartment
2. to have finished this project
3. I will have saved enough money to travel
4. to have finished my degree
5. to have perfected my accent
D Answers will vary but may include the following:
I wish I had stayed in school.
I should have spent more time with my family.
E 1. able to support oneself with no help from anyone
2. a plan for managing one’s income and expenses
3. something someone plans to do in the near future that doesn’t take much time or
planning
4. something someone plans to do in the future that takes a lot of time and planning
5. very high priced
6. money one borrows and pays back
UNIT 4
PREVIEW
A Frame your ideas
(left to right) 5, 4, 1, 6, 2, 3
C Discussion
(left to right)
The man’s outfit is wild and loud.
The woman is wearing an elegant and formal outfit

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The woman’s outfit is casual and conservative.

The man is wearing a stylish and classic outfit.
The man’s outfit is informal and casual.
The woman is wearing a trendy and funky outfit.
2. It’s still acceptable.
3. No girl would want to be seen wearing that.
4. People wouldn’t notice.
5. I agree with you.
F Think and explain
1. Roya is much more conservative than Karen. She finds the pants to be in bad taste
whereas Karen thinks they are funky and cute.
2. Karen’s opinion is similar to that of most people in the United States. The pants wouldn’t
be considered in bad taste by most people.
SPEAKING
A Pair work
(left to right)
While fashions come and go, style never goes away.
The minute everyone starts wearing a fashion, it is no longer stylish.
Fashion designers tell people what is fashionable.
Don’t just wear what other people wear. Express your own self through your clothes.
It’s not true that money can’t buy happiness. It can—you just need to know where to shop.
LESSON 1: Describe clothing details and formality

B Listen for details
1. a 2. b 3. a 4. b
LESSON 2: Talk about changes in clothing customs

B Examine cultural expectations
1. In my opinion, when people dress too informally at work, this affects the seriousness
of the workplace. There needs to be some level of formality to ensure that people are
productive and that clients take them seriously.
2. I am in favor of business casual. I don’t think suits and ties are necessary in the
workplace, but jeans and T-shirts are too informal, in my opinion.
D Understand the grammar
1. Most
2. A number of
3. Every
4. fewer
5. a few

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Explanations:
1. Much can’t be used with count nouns.
2. A great deal of can’t be used with count nouns.
3. Every is used with singular, count nouns.
4. Less can’t be used with count nouns.
5. A little can’t be used with count nouns.
E Grammar practice
1. a, b, c
2. a, d
3. b, c
4. a, b, c
5. a, b
Explanations:
1. A great deal of can only be used with non-count nouns.
2. A great deal of can only be used with non-count nouns; every can only be used with
singular count nouns.
3. Some and most are used with plural nouns.
4. A little can only be used with non-count nouns.
5. Every is used with singular count nouns; less is used with non-count nouns.
LESSON 3: Examine questionable and cosmetic procedures

B Reading
It’s impossible to clean the tubs between clients, which can expose clients to bacteria and
infection.
C Understand meaning from context
1. exfoliate
2. bans
3. Bacteria
4. disinfect
5. mislabel
6. predator
D Identify supporting details
1. a – from paragraph 1
2. b – from paragraph 2
LESSON 4: Discuss appearance and self-esteem

B Word study practice
1. self-confidence
2. self-conscious
3. self-esteem

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4. self-image
5. self-centered
6. self-critical
7. self-pity
8. Self-confident
C Listen for main ideas
1
D Listen for details
1. Extremely thin
2. They have gotten thinner and thinner.
3. It can lead to low self-esteem and eating disorders.
4. Realize that they are being targeted as consumers
5. Instill a positive message about her value and attractiveness; praise people who don’t
conform to the thin body type; build up their self-esteem
WRITING
Practice
1. similarly
2. However
3. In contrast,
4. unlike
5. whereas
6. similarly
7. However
REVIEW
A 1. b 2. c 3. b 4. a 5. b
B 1. solid
2. plaid
3. loud
4. classic
5. stylish
6. formal
7. in bad taste
8. overdressed
9. low cut
10. long-sleeved
C 1. (Every / A few / Most) older people find flashy clothes in bad taste.
2. The company where I work says that it will permit us to come to the office in jeans (one /
a couple of / a few) days a month.
3. (Most / Many / Every) young girls aren’t worried about the way they look.
4. (Much / A majority of / A number of) parents are concerned about the effect the media
has on young boys as well.

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5. When my great-grandparents were young, (many / most / much) women wore only
dresses.
6. I’d say your friends could use (some / a little / a few) fashion advice.
7. There are (several / most / many) reasons so many young women have eating disorders.
8. A new study says that (most / many / every) children who watch TV for more than six
hours a day may have problems with self-esteem as teenagers.
I have several great ideas.
He is late a majority of the time.
Few people came to the concert.
There is little hope for nice weather tomorrow.
More and more young girls try to stay thin.
UNIT 5
PREVIEW
B Vocabulary
An urban area has a lot of buildings, roads, and bridges; it is densely populated.
A rural area has few homes, buildings, and not many people.
The suburbs refer to an area on the outskirts of a major city where people live
1. look on the bright side
2. look out for each other
3. a mixed blessing
4. mind their own business
5. takes some getting used to
6. mean well
7. got a lot to offer
F Think and explain
1. It’s crowded and there’s lots of traffic, but there’s a lot to do.
2. It’s safe and well-maintained, but he has nosy neighbors on his floor.
LESSON 1: Politely ask someone not to do something

1. inappropriate
2. discourteous
3. inexcusable
4. unimaginable
5. dishonest
6. unpleasant
7. irrational
8. immature

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C Activate word study

1. It’s impolite to talk while you’re chewing.
2. It’s inappropriate to talk loudly in a movie.
3. It’s inexcusable to throw garbage on the street.
4. It’s discourteous to put your feet up on the seats of a train.
5. It’s dishonest to enter the subway without paying.
F Understand the grammar
1. “Do you mind my eating lunch at my desk?”
2. “Your brother’s not saying hello to her was disrespectful.”
3. “Kevin’s not agreeing to remove his shoes in my house was kind of impolite.”
4. “Isn’t Paula’s honking her car horn early in the morning inexcusable?”
5. Correct
G Grammar practice
2. I didn’t appreciate his texting his friends during the concert.
3. Does your mother object to their eating fast food in the car?
4. We don’t mind her talking on her cell phone.
5. I’m really annoyed by my brother not apologizing.
LESSON 2: Complain about public conduct

Well, for one thing, not only do we have to deal with bumper-to-bumper traffic every day, but
it’s almost impossible to find on-the-street parking.
E Grammar practice
1. People should either speak up about what bothers them, or just learn to live with other
people’s habits.
2. It’s not only rude when people talk on their phones in theaters, but also when they talk on
them on busses.
3. Not only do I hate the smell of cigarette smoke, but I also worry about the danger to my
health.
4. Neither my uncle nor my grandparents are willing to give up smoking.
LESSON 3: Suggest ways to avoid being a victim of urban crime

B Reading
Answers will vary.
C Classify
1. a purse snatcher
2. a burglar
3. a pickpocket
4. muggers
1. e 2. a 3. b 4. d 5. c

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E Critical thinking
1. While traveling, tourists might carry many bags and appear disoriented. They could be
easily distracted and pickpocketed.
2. A visitor shouldn’t appear lost. It’s a good idea to be alert and walk confidently.
LESSON 4: Discuss the meaning of community

C Listen to summarize
The Ice Bucket Challenge was a charity initiative to raise awareness and money for the fight
against ALS.
1. $100
2. $100 million
3. 21%
E Listen to confirm content
2, 3, 6
WRITING
B Practice
1. Dear Professor Smith:
2. Dear Sir or Madam:
3. Dear Ms. Costa:
4. Dear Mr. Takata:
5. Dear Dr. Grimond:
REVIEW
A 1. pickpocket . . . wallet . . . bus
2. mugger . . . money . . . friend
3. boy . . . purse
4. burglar . . . hotel room . . . laptop
B Answers will vary but may include the following:
1. Oh, sorry, I’ll stop.
2. I apologize.
3. It’s very crowded.
4. My sister
C 2. irresponsible
3. improper
4. inappropriate
5. disrespectful
6. unpleasant
7. dishonest
8. discourteous

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D 1. Neither restaurants nor theaters should allow smoking.

2. Smoking should be either banned or restricted.
3. Neither littering nor spitting offends me.
4. Not only loud music but loud people are rude.
UNIT 6
PREVIEW

1. b 2. b 3. b 4. a 5. b
LESSON 1: Exchange opinions about the treatment of animals

I just don’t think animals should be cooped up in small cages.
1. should treat
2. shouldn’t be kept
3. have to be trained
4. can teach
5. shouldn’t be forced
6. have to be killed
F Grammar practice
1. People shouldn’t be allowed to hunt elephants.
2. New medicines might be discovered through animal research.
3. Monkeys shouldn’t be kept as pets.
4. A lot could be done to improve conditions for cattle on factory farms.
5. The treatment of research animals must be improved.
6. Can’t zoos be used for performing scientific research to protect animals?
7. Why do chickens have to be raised in such crowded conditions?
LESSON 2: Discuss the pros and cons of certain pets

Pet Possible pros Possible cons
1 cat easy to take care of shedding
2 rabbit not dangerous; good with children easily frightened
3 parrot friendly; love attention can damage things by chewing
4 dog would bark and scare away burglars; might hurt kids
reliable and attentive to owners

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LESSON 3: Compare animal and human behavior

B Apply new vocabulary
Animals with claws Animals with hooves Animals with horns

lions horses deer
cats donkeys sheep
Birds with powerful beaks Animals that travel in Animals that gather in
packs herds
parrots wolves sheep
owls dogs cattle
C Listen to define terms

Predators are animals that hunt other animals for food; prey are animals hunted by
predators.
D Listen for examples
1. They can confuse predators; predators may choose an animal outside the group.
2. They can use their combined intelligence to single out their prey; they can kill larger prey.
3. To lead the others in a group
4. The prey either defends itself or runs.
E Listen for details
1. Instinct is behavior that animals are born with. Learned behavior comes through
experience.
2. learning which hunting techniques work; a dog obeying commands
F Think and explain
A: This is instinct; they don’t have to learn how to do this.
B: This is learned behavior; the baby rabbits learn from the mother what to do in danger.
C: T
his is instinct; an animal isn’t taught fight or flight. This behavior is programmed into
animals at birth.
G Apply ideas
1. Lions are predators; they eat small elephants, crocodiles, birds, rabbits. Crocodiles are
prey, but they are also predators; they eat fish, birds, and frogs. Fish, birds, and frogs eat
worms; worms are prey.
2. Large groups of spectators at a ball game or concert might behave like a herd of
animals; groups of humans, like packs of animals, have a leader they follow.
LESSON 4: Debate the value of animal conservation

B Reading
The survival of the buffalo was ensured by conservation efforts.
1. b 2. b 3. c 4. a 5. c

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D Recognize cause and effect

1. The passenger pigeon became extinct because (1) there was a large-scale commercial
enterprise in the mid-1800s supplying east coast cities with a steady supply of birds; (2)
their habitat and food sources were shrinking as forests were cut down for farming and
construction; (3) approximately 250,000 birds were killed simply for sport each year;
(4) female passenger pigeons laid only one egg each year. Conservation efforts were
started too late, and thus failed.
2. Settlers hunted buffalo often just for sport, but also because they were an obstacle to
growing crops and raising cattle. The buffalo came so close to extinction because entire
herds were slaughtered in the 1800s as new settlers moved from the East to settle in the
West.
WRITING
B Practice
1. For one thing,
2. Many people think
3. However,
4. According to
5. For example,
6. To sum up,
REVIEW
A 1. c 2. a
B 1. b 2. c 3. b
C 1. gentle / good-natured
2. aggressive
3. loyal / devoted
4. destructive
5. low-maintenance
6. high strung
7. costly
8. playful
D 1. flocks
2. amphibian
3. packs
4. claws
5. antlers
6. reptile
7. herd
8. hooves
9. beak

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UNIT 7
PREVIEW
D Understand idioms and expressions

1. Tell you what.
2. We’ll call it even.
3. You’re comparing apples and oranges.
4. That’s debatable.
5. I could kick myself.
6. There are no two ways about it.
7. Don’t fall for that.
8. That’s just wishful thinking.
9. I owe you one.
E Think and explain
1. The course was half off until yesterday.
2. She doesn’t think it works. She said that learning a language takes time.
3. He hates learning grammar.
LESSON 1: Evaluate ways and places to shop

1. bargain hunting
2. window shopping
3. comparison shopping
4. browsing
LESSON 2: Discuss your reactions to ads

B Understand meaning from context
1. c 2. b 3. d 4. a
D Grammar practice
1 A: being informed
B: to be treated
2 A: to be shown / being shown
B: to be asked / being asked; to be shown
3 A: to be given / being given
B: being forced
4 A: to be told
B: to be treated
5 A: to be advertised
B: being charged
E Grammar practice
1. I can’t stand being forced to watch ads over and over again.
2. I resent being told what I should and shouldn’t buy.
3. We can’t tolerate being called while eating dinner.

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LESSON 3: Discuss problem shopping behavior

B Reading
Compulsive shopping is a problem because it can lead to neglect of family, work, and other
responsibilities. It can cause financial ruin. It is an addiction not unlike alcohol, making it a
difficult habit to kick.
1. an addiction: an activity that causes physical effects of a high
Smoking cigarettes is a dangerous addiction.
2. get something under control: to prevent an activity from getting out of hand
I used to eat too much sugar, but I got my diet under control.
3. a high: when brain chemicals such as endorphins and dopamine are released
I get a high when I go running.
4. hard to kick: difficult to stop doing something
Excessive internet use is another habit that is hard to kick.
5. a shopaholic: a person who is addicted to buying things
I am not a shopaholic—I make all my purchases responsibly.
6. chronic: a continuous problem repeating itself over and over
Daniel has a chronic illness; there is no cure.
7. splurge: buy things on impulse from time to time.
I don’t splurge often, but I just had to get those shoes.
8. go overboard: to go to an extreme
The family always goes overboard for birthdays; the kids get too many presents.
9. on the spot: right away
I can never make a decision on the spot; I spend a lot of time thinking about it.
1. The person can’t stop doing it even if he or she wants to or if it’s causing problems in his
or her lives.
2. The activity causes the brain to release chemicals that make the person feel good.
3. High amounts of debt, marriage problems, anxiety
4. They are trying to avoid their problems.
5. A true shopping addiction is done more frequently; the amount of items purchased is
usually excessive.
LESSON 4: Persuade someone to buy a product

A Listening warm up
1. d 2. f 3. h 4. g 5. e 6. c 7. a 8. b
B Vocabulary
1. endorse
2. prove
3. imply
4. promote

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C Listen to infer
Ad 1
Techniques used: Play on people’s hidden fears
Provide facts and figures
Supporting details: The ad implies that the wife might get fired if she has bad breath.
Ninety percent of dentists surveyed say regular use of the product
works.
Ad 2
Techniques used: Provide snob appeal
Provide testimonials
Supporting details: The person is in a very expensive setting.
James Bond is chatting with the person.
Ad 3
Techniques used: Manipulate people’s feelings
Provide snob appeal
Supporting details: The ad implies that if you have an ‘old’ car, you’re not successful.
The ad says that only a few people can drive this car.
WRITING
B Practice
1. Compulsive shopping is similar to other addictions because your brain releases
chemicals that make you feel good.
2. For some people, the shopping gets more and more extreme, and more out of their control.
C Practice
First, the writer points out that a shopaholic often lies about the amount of money spent.
Second, the writer points out that compulsive shopping is a chronic behavior.
Third, the article states that while many people sometimes splurge and buy a single item on
impulse, a shopaholic will buy many items.
Fourth, the article argues that a shopping problem exists when there are consequences like
going into debt and neglecting family and work responsibilities.
REVIEW
A 1. b 2. a 3. a 4. a 5. a
C 1. being sent
2. to be given
3. to be taken
4. to be told
5. being fired
6. to be invited
E 1. endorsed
2. promoting
3. prove . . . imply

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UNIT 8
PREVIEW
1. a 2. a 3. a 4. b 5. a 6. a 7. b
LESSON 1: Describe family trends

B Pair work
1. The two key factors are education and employment of women.
2. Answers will vary but may include the following:
Populations are living longer due to medical advances. A larger elderly population can be
a problem because societies have to find ways to care for them.
And then the more they fought, the worse things got.
E Listen to activate grammar
1. The more, the better
2. The longer, the later
3. The longer, the longer
F Grammar pair work
1. The older, the fewer
2. The higher, the larger
3. The harder, the more successful
4. The better, the lower
5. The less developed, the lower
6. The younger, the less likely
G Grammar practice
1. More and more couples are having fewer and fewer children.
2. There are fewer and fewer divorces.
3. Children are growing up faster and faster.
H Grammar practice
1. The more I eat, the later I sleep.
2. The fewer grammar mistakes I make when I speak English, the better I communicate.
LESSON 2: Discuss parent-teen issues

B Vocabulary practice
1. too lenient
2. spoiled
3. overprotective
4. rebellious
5. too strict
6. disrespectful

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C Listen to activate vocabulary

1. too strict
2. spoiled
3. too lenient
4. disrespectful
5. overprotective
6. rebellious
LESSON 3: Compare generations

1. dependency, dependence
2. confidence
3. consideration
4. difference, differentiation
5. attraction, attractiveness
6. impatience
7. unfairness
8. closeness
9. happiness
C Listen for supporting information
1. He lived with his parents. His parents lived with extended families.
2. Because they don’t have so many family members involved in their lives.
1. a city, a village
2. seven
3. with her family, alone
E Listen to compare and contrast
How are they different?

Rima’s parents’ generation Rima’s generation
career choices limited choices many more choices
mobility no mobility a lot of mobility
influence from other there wasn’t much there’s a lot
cultures
age at marriage and young older
childbearing
work experience one job for entire life several jobs
closeness of family families were very close families not as close

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LESSON 4: Discuss caring for the elderly

B Reading
Some consequences of this demographic shift will be an increase in age-related diseases
such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and cancer; a need for more medical facilities to
address more illnesses; a higher prevalence of dementia, especially Alzheimer’s; a need
for treating or preventing dementia and having facilities to care for these people; a need for
long-term facilities for the elderly who have lost their ability to live independently; a rise in
costs to run those facilities.
C Summarize
As people are living longer, the larger number of elderly people is bringing about various
societal changes. There is a higher need to care for people with age-related disease
such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and cancer. As elderly people cannot care for
themselves, long-term care options must be made available.
1. The relative percentage of people in different generations is changing.
2. Nothing like this has ever happened before.
3. Soon there will be more seniors than children.
4. And the older people get, the more widespread dementia will become.
5. Many of the very old lose their ability to live by themselves.
6. Many require some type of care—either at home or in a care facility—over an extended
period of time.
7. Care for the elderly in nursing homes, assisted living facilities, or specialized hospitals
will bring about a major social change.
E Critical thinking
1. b 2. a
F Draw conclusions
Possible challenges include being unable to care for my family myself since I live far away.
In my culture it is traditional for family to care for elders. It will be a big adjustment to settle
my aging parents in a long-term facility. The cost may also be a problem.
WRITING
B Practice
1. C 2. R 3. R 4. C
C Practice
My husband and I don’t know what to do with our teenage daughter, Beth. Beth has
always been a bit rebellious. Lately, however, her behavior has really been going downhill.
Yesterday, Beth’s teacher told us that she was disrespectful in class. She hadn’t done her
homework. We’re at our wits’ end with her. At home Beth has developed a spoiled attitude.
She isn’t willing to help at all. She used to make her bed and clean up her room, but

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recently she has been leaving her things everywhere. My husband and I may have been too
lenient with Beth as she was growing up. Now that she’s a teenager, we have to get her to
shape up.
REVIEW
A 1. a 2. a 3. a 4. b
B 1. (too) strict
2. spoiled
3. overprotective
4. disrespectful
5. (too) lenient
6. rebellious
C 1. Correct
2. maturity
3. Correct
4. courtesy
5. independence
6. Correct
7. mobility
8. rebelliousness
UNIT 9
PREVIEW
1. It is not understandable or clear.
2. It disappears completely.
3. He or she makes the wrong assumption about something.
4. He or she has a very different opinion than other people about something or does
something very differently.
5. He or she doesn’t believe it’s true.
6. It’s unlikely or improbable.
LESSON 1: Speculate about everyday situations

1. she: not certain
he: not certain
2. she: very certain
he: almost certain
3. she: almost certain
he: very certain

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C Apply the vocabulary

1. b. I suppose this will be a short lunch.
c. Maybe it will open soon.
2. a. It’s obvious that she’s not coming.
b. I’ll bet she got stuck in traffic.
c. I wonder if she’s coming.
3. a. There’s no question that it’s open.
b. Most likely they forgot to unlock the door.
c. Maybe there’s a problem in the kitchen.
4. a. There’s no question that it’s not coming today.
b. I suppose it might still come today.
c. I wonder if it got lost.
LESSON 2: Present a theory

Active voice: must have laid . . . and rolled; had to have sailed
Passive voice: may have been used; could have been walked; could not have been
accomplished; might have been inhabited; must have been cut down
E Grammar practice
2. they might have come
3. the Rapa Nui islanders could not have moved
4. It’s possible someone may have forced the pilot
5. the Rapa Nui people must have written
6. Hunting had to have been
F Grammar practice
1. might have been built
2. had to have been killed
3. couldn’t have been killed
4. could have been attacked
LESSON 3: Discuss how believable a story is

B Reading
Answers will vary.
C Confirm point of view
1. C 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. B
D Infer information
1. a flying saucer or a UFO
2. that people made it up to fool people
3. It created earnings for the people involved.
4. They were probably both angry that the truth hadn’t been told and happy that they were
right after all.

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F Word study practice

1. questionable
2. believable
3. debatable
4. unprovable
LESSON 4: Evaluate the trustworthiness of news sources

1. A boy was drifting helplessly in a hot air balloon.
2. To help them get their son down
3. It landed after about two hours.
4. The boy was not inside the balloon when it landed.
C Listen to draw conclusions
1. b 2. a 3. b 4. b
WRITING
B Practice
When John Tyler did not appear at his wedding, his bride and the wedding guests
were worried. They called the police for help. The police used helicopters to search for
John’s car. An hour later, John called his bride by phone. She was shocked because John
told her that he had been carjacked. According to his story, the carjackers had locked him
in the trunk of his car. Meanwhile, the police had found John’s car in the parking lot of a
hotel. Furthermore, John was found in a hotel room speaking with his wife on the phone.
Apparently, he had been having doubts about getting married and had made up the whole
story about the carjacking. John had to repay the town the $3,000 spent trying to rescue
him during his carjacking hoax. He and his bride were married two weeks later.
REVIEW
A 1. a 2. b 3. b 4. b
B 1. The aliens’ bodies must have been moved by the military to a secret place.
2. Evidence of the event might have been seen by witnesses.
3. The first account of the Roswell conspiracy must have been written by Stanton Friedman.
4. The stones couldn’t have been moved without lots of help.
5. Falcon had to have been asked to lie to the authorities by Richard Heene.
6. The stone figures might not have been used by the islanders for religious purposes.
UNIT 10
PREVIEW
1. e 2. g 3. a 4. b 5. c 6. d 7. f

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LESSON 1: Suggest ways to reduce stress

4 “If I were you, I’d take a breather every few hours.”
5 “You should set aside some down time each week.”
3 “Slowdown a bit so you can do the job right.”
6 “If I were you, I’d try to set some limits.”
2 “Why don’t you try to laugh things off at work.”
1 “I think you should take up a hobby.”
2. students
3. Answers will vary but may include the following:
wait staff, restaurant management, society
E Error correction
1. You are not supposed to smoke cigarettes inside the office.
2. Wasn’t everyone supposed to turn off their phones during the talk?
3. Lena and Gil were supposed to finish their report before the meeting yesterday.
4. When is he supposed to let his boss know he’s taking time off?
5. What are we supposed to do for tomorrow’s class?
F Grammar practice
1. We are supposed to bring our homework with us tomorrow.
2. Sarah is supposed to call her mother after class.
3. Walter is supposed to pay his bill by Friday.
4. I’m not supposed to tell anyone about Tom’s surprise birthday party on Sunday.
5. You’re not supposed to tip people for their service when you’re traveling in Japan.
6. Our store clerks are supposed to be friendly, helpful, and courteous.
LESSON 2: Describe how you got interested in a hobby

Well, my previous boss was always calling me on the weekend.
Well, my previous boss used to call me on the weekend.
E Grammar practice
1, 4, 5
F Grammar practice
3. We would visit antique stores to look for beautiful old things.
6. When Jan first started her new job, she would immerse herself in her work.
7. When I was a teenager, I would seek excitement by taking risks.
G Grammar practice
My brother was always collecting soda cans when we were kids.
We were always visiting antique stores to look for beautiful old things.
When Jan first started her new job, she was always immersing herself in her work.
When I was a teenager, I was always seeking excitement by taking risks.

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LESSON 3: Discuss how mobile devices affect us

B Reading
The author argues that there are three main consequences to always being connected:
poor sleep, merging of work and private life, and reduction of face-to-face time.
1. f 2. b 3. a 4. d 5. c 6. g 7. e
1. When we are always on call, our time is never entire our own. We never fully relax.
2. If we check devices before going to sleep, we tend to spend time online thus cutting into
our sleep.
3. Social interaction online is more superficial and less satisfying.
E Infer point of view
1. The author would probably recommend activities that allow for face-to-face social
interaction like eating dinner or doing something outside.
2. The author’s opinion is more negative. He thinks technology interferes with sleep, leisure
time, and social interactions. He is in favor of remembering to switch off our devices to
improve our lives.
LESSON 4: Compare attitudes about taking risks

What is a “big T personality” What is a “small t” personality”

Someone who loves thrills, taking risks, and Someone who hates thrills and likes
doing new things certainty and routine
C Listen for supporting details

1. Most people take risks from time to time, even if they prefer things to be more
predictable.
2. Seeking an adrenaline rush can lead to dangerous behavior like drinking and driving.
3. Doing something that gives you an adrenaline rush from time to time isn’t the same as
doing these things all the time.
D Listen to understand meaning from context
1. small t
2. big T
3. big T
1. dangerously
2. fortunately
3. easily
4. nervously
5. Sadly

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6. extremely
7. beautifully
8. accidently
9. mysteriously
WRITING
B Practice
1. Since smart phones are so convenient, it seems like everyone needs to have one.
2. Because of online shopping, fewer people shop at the mall these days. / Fewer people
shop at the mall these days because of online shopping.
3. Murphy’s arguments are very strong, and that is why I agree with her opinions.
4. Due to the light from their devices, people aren’t getting enough sleep. / People aren’t
getting enough sleep due to the light from their devices.
C Practice
1. First of all,
2. In addition,
3. Since
4. Furthermore,
5. In addition,
6. Finally,
REVIEW
A 1. b 2. b 3. a 4. c
B 1. Are we supposed to read the article before class tomorrow?
2. Why am I supposed to contact the authorities tomorrow morning?
3. What are they supposed to bring to the party later tonight?
4. What time are we supposed to call the office next Friday?
5. How long is Daniel supposed to stay at the library this afternoon?
6. Where is Lisa supposed to go tomorrow?
1. Why? What did you do?
2. Well, frankly, I’m not surprised.
3. You’re probably right. I have too much on my plate.
D 1. angrily
2. busily
3. responsibly
4. appropriately
5. happily
6. preferably
7. respectfully
8. honestly
9. politely

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GRAMMAR BOOSTER
UNIT 1
A 1. Every new graduate’s wish is to be successful.
2. My chore for the evening is to cook dinner.
3. Every player’s dream is to win the game.
4. The responsibility of the park police is to rescue hikers lost in the woods.
5. Every candidate’s task is to win the election.
B 1. It’s difficult for an easygoing person to be disciplined about an exercise program.
2. It’s a good idea to get to work on time.
3. It’s helpful to be outgoing in new situations.
4. It’s always worthwhile to act friendly.
5. It can sometimes be a problem to be too talkative.
6. It’s not the easiest thing in the world to pass the examination.
7. It might be an exciting experience to live in an English-speaking country.
8. It’s pretty confusing to know when to use an infinitive and when to use a gerund.
2. It’s important for people to remember that some difficult things are just a part of life.
3. It’s smart for everyone to realize that it’s better to be safe than sorry.
4. It’s too late for us to make the early show.
5. It’s essential for you to use insect repellent when you camp in the woods.
6. It’s good for you to avoid being too outgoing when you’re starting a new job.
D 1. Celine said not to be late for the meeting.
2. Last night they told me to always take care when I go out in the evening.
3. My sister said not to call her before 7:00 A.M.
4. The tour guide told them to just roll with the punches.
E Corrections are underlined.
1. After she arrived in London, she began to write long letters home and to call her parents
at all hours of the night.
2. There are two things I really can’t stand doing: speaking in front of large audiences and
chatting with people I don’t know at parties.
3. Right before midnight, everyone began to sing, dance, and welcome in the new year.
4. There’s no question I prefer using all my vacation time taking a long vacation.
F 1. filling . . . making
2. to turn . . . to close . . . to lock
3. experiencing . . . meeting . . . being
4. taking . . . using
5. taking . . . showing
6. to take . . . to read . . . to respond
UNIT 2
A 1. have used
2. was
3. recorded
4. invited

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5. toured
6. appealed
7. have tried
8. has been
9. has risen
10. have become
11. has incorporated
B 1. b 2. b 3. a 4. b
C Some may have more than one possible answer.
1. that
2. how
3. which
4. The music that
5. that
6. if
7. what
8. how
9. where
10. when
D 1. where Mozart lived
2. what type of music our teacher likes
3. when the Black Eyed Peas recently performed in Chicago
4. if ballet tickets are really expensive
5. how long the musical Annie is
6. whether the movie will end before 6:00
E 1. It is extremely important that developing countries address the problems caused by
global warming.
2. It appears obvious to everyone that the president plans on resigning.
3. It seems quite clear that not providing disaster relief will only worsen the situation.
4. It is certainly possible that a cure for cancer will be discovered in the next twenty years.
5. It looks very likely that the governments of Argentina and Chile will reach an agreement.
6. It is not important that Max Bianchi won’t be participating in the Olympics next year.
F 1. The announcement that the Health Ministry will begin vaccinating all infants for measles
was greeted with criticism from the opposition party.
2. The possibility that the president would resign by the end of this year has taken everyone
by surprise, including the news media.
3. The report that Dr. Regina Blair of the Glasgow Medical Center has discovered a new
protein is attracting much interest in the world of science.
4. The claim that a ninety-five year old New Zealand man had broken the world record for
growing the longest beard has triggered similar claims across three continents.
UNIT 3
A 1. They would have lent her their car had she asked.
2. Had I not spent so much money on my vacation, I would have considered buying a
stationary bicycle.

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3. Had the Carsons not moved into such a small apartment, they would have bought a
treadmill.
4. Could you have gotten the car had they not raised the price?
B 1. Had I known it would be so hard to operate,
2. Had we known it would just sit around collecting dust,
3. Had I known it would be so hard to put together,
4. Had we known it would cost so much to maintain,
5. Had I known it would be so hard to operate,
C Corrections are underlined.
1. She’ll be staying at the Newton Hotel when she’s attending the meeting.
2. We won’t be spending much time sightseeing while we’re visiting London.
3. When he’s staying in town, he’s going to be meeting with some friends.
4. She’ll be correcting homework while the students are taking the test.
5. While Michelle is serving dessert, Randy will be washing the dishes.
6. Won’t they be going to sleep in New York when you’re getting up in Taipei?
D 1. will look
2. will be photographing
3. won’t remember
4. Will . . . be waiting
5. won’t be sleeping
E 1. will be strolling
2. will be taking
3. will be enjoying
4. will have been eating
5. will have been practicing
6. will be lounging
7. will have been traveling
UNIT 4
A 2. little
3. a few
4. few
5. little
6. a few
B 2. a. Most of the companies in the world are fairly formal.
b. Correct
3. a. All of the hot appetizers were delicious.
b. Correct
4. a. Correct
b. There are a lot of places I’d like to see.
5. a. Correct
b. A few novels by Steinbeck take place in Mexico.
6. a. Several managers were interviewed, and many of them liked the new policy.
b. Correct

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C 1. sounds
2. was
3. is
4. wants
5. was
6. is coming
7. don’t
UNIT 5
A New York is one of the most famous cities in the world, and so is London. While these
two cities differ in many ways, they also share a number of characteristics. Here’s a quick
comparison:
• If you’re looking for peace and quiet, New York is not the place to be, and neither is
London. They are both exciting and noisy places. If you’re not used to it, New York’s
traffic can be deafening at times, and so can London’s.
• The best way to get around in both cities is the subway (or the Tube in London). New
York’s subway system is quite old and elaborate, and London’s is, too.
• If you’re looking for first-rate entertainment, New York is filled with theaters, and so is
London.
• Hungry? London’s restaurants feature exciting dishes from around the world, and New
York’s do, too.
• Both cities offer a huge choice of museums to visit. The museums in New York can’t
possibly be seen in a day, and London’s can’t either.
• New York offers some of the world’s most famous tourist sites – for example, the Statue
of Liberty and the Empire State Building – and so does London, with Buckingham Palace
and the Millennium Wheel.
It’s clear that New York shouldn’t be missed, and neither should London.
B 1. Bangkok faces many problems caused by too much traffic, and so does São Paulo.
2. Beijing has hosted the Olympic Games in the past, and London has, too.
3. Vancouver doesn’t ever get very cold, and neither does Taipei.
4. Seoul won’t experience a decrease in its population any time soon, and Jakarta won’t
either.
5. Hong Kong is famous for its physical beauty, and so is Rio de Janeiro.
6. Prague attracts people who like old historic architecture, and Krakow does, too.
7. The Prado Museum in Madrid shouldn’t be missed, and neither should the Louvre in
Paris.
8. Tokyo hasn’t lost its place among the world’s largest cities yet, and Mexico City hasn’t
either.
C 1. I haven’t either. / Neither have I. / Me neither.
2. I can’t either. / Neither can I. / Me neither.
3. I did, too! / So did I! / Me, too!
4. I do, too. / So do I. / Me, too.
5. I am, too. / So am I. / Me, too.
6. I did, too. / So did I. / Me, too.
7. I will, too. / So will I. / Me, too.
8. I won’t either. / Neither will I. / Me neither.

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UNIT 6
A 1. May
2. shouldn’t
3. can
4. Ought to
5. have to
6. must not
7. could
8. would rather
B 1. had to
2. should
3. ‘d better not have
4. could
5. ‘d rather have
6. won’t be able to
7. must not have
UNIT 7
A 1, 4, 6
B 2. Very short dresses are being worn by models this season.
3. A new restaurant downtown is being opened by my parents.
4. French is spoken in Quebec.
7. The complete story about defective products is never told by advertisers.
C 1. This book was written by Joan Saslow and Allen Ascher.
2. English is practiced online by students in most language schools today.
3. People can be persuaded by ads to buy products.
4. People’s emotions have been manipulated by some ads.
5. The car was being driven by my friend when the accident occurred.
D 1. Was this book written by Joan Saslow and Allen Ascher?
2. Is English practiced online by students at most language schools today?
3. Can people be persuaded by ads to buy products?
4. Have people’s emotions been manipulated by some ads?
5. Was the car being driven by your friend when the accident occurred?
E 1. When was that new shampoo endorsed by Larissa La Rue?
2. Where are those beauty products being manufactured?
3. For how long can the car be bought at the sale price?
4. What time will the winner of the election be known?
5. In what year was the new school being built?
UNIT 8
A 1. as good as
2. is the least expensive / the cheapest
3. more than

Page 38 of 45
4. less experience than

5. as heavy as
6. less Japanese than
7. as much as
B 1. less than
2. as many as thirty
3. the best
4. more beautiful
5. better than
6. more talkative
7. one of the best
UNIT 9
1. They must have been.
2. They may have been.
3. They couldn’t have.
4. They must not have.
5. They had to have.
6. It can’t have been.
UNIT 10
A 1. Our new manager is supposed to be really nice.
2. Acupuncture is supposed to be an effective treatment for pain.
3. Ashley Morgan is supposed to have a beautiful voice.
4. Ethiopian food is supposed to be delicious.
5. Paulo Coelho’s latest novel is supposed to be his best yet.
6. Myanmar is supposed to be a fascinating place to visit.
7. Corruption is supposed to be one of the biggest problems in our city right now.
B 2, 4, 6, 8, 11
C 1. When the game was over, he quickly left the court. /
When the game was over, he left the court quickly.
2. Correct
3. Correct
4. They noisily washed the dishes after dinner. /
They washed the dishes noisily after dinner.
5. Correct
6. They quietly entered the room and sat in the corner. /
They entered the room quietly and sat in the corner.
1. I nervously watched the snake until it moved.
2. We quietly chatted until the sun came up the next morning.
3. She speaks Italian fluently, but she doesn’t really understand it.
4. He wrote quickly about his experiences living in Cambodia.
5. A cow walked slowly onto the road, and the bus stopped.

Page 39 of 45
PRONUNCIATION BOOSTER
UNIT 1
B 1. Learn, live, present
2. reminded, call, mother
3. asked, work, faster
4. prefer, stick, closer, home
UNIT 2
B 1. dance
2. along
3. melody
4. finished
5. song
UNIT 3
B 1. By the end of this month, / I hope to have finished / paying off / my student loans.
2. In two months, / when we’ve finally paid off our house, / we’re going to have / a big party
to celebrate.
3. To be perfectly honest, / I couldn’t tell you / where the money goes.
4. By next year, / I will have completed my studies, / but I don’t think / I will have gotten
married.
UNIT 4
B 1. She wants Susan to dress up next time.
2. It’s fashionable and elegant.
3. It’s out of style.
4. I wish she preferred dressing down.
5. That blouse isn’t trendy enough for my taste.
6. I think Kyle has stylish taste.
UNIT 5
B 1. un ac cept a ble
2. in con si de rate
3. im po lite
4. un pleas ant
5. ir ra tion al
6. im ma ture
7. un i mag i na ble
8. dis re spect ful
9. in ap pro pri ate

Page 40 of 45
UNIT 6
B 1. Alternatives can be found for medical research on animals.
2. A lot can be done to make conditions better on factory farms.
3. Some animals are raised to be used for medical research.
4. Do we have to ban hunting and bullfighting?
UNIT 7
C 1. same
2. different
3. same
4. different
5. different
6. different
7. same
8. same
D 1. / i /
2. / ɪ /
3. / ɪ /
4. / ɪ /
5. / i /
6. / i /
7. / ɪ /
8. / i /
9. / ɪ /
10. / i /
11. / ɪ /
12. / ɪ /
13. / i /
14. / ɪ /
UNIT 8
C 1. fa mil iar i ty
2. e mo tion al ly
3. reg u la tion
4. ap pre cia tive ly
5. sym pa thet ic
6. hy po thet i cal
7. beau ti fy
8. his tor i cal
9. ma te ri al is tic
10. pol i ti cian

Page 41 of 45
E 1. A summer fishing permit permits you to fish all you want.

2. The protest was organized to protest government spending.
3. All the employees were surveyed so the results of the survey would be useful.
4. The contrast between them now is not great compared to how much they contrast at
other times of the year.
5. We strongly object to the decision to sell art objects outside the museum.
UNIT 9
B 1. may have been
2. could have been
3. couldn’t have been
4. must have been
5. must not have been
6. had to have been
7. might not have been
UNIT 10
B
/ eɪ / /ɛ/ /æ/ /ʌ/
age faint any health banned can’t love enough
face trait debt text flashy chance jump nothing
great way edge some just
C 1. man
2. Dan
3. rug
4. pen
5. mate
6. debt
7. bag
8. cut
TEST-TAKING SKILLS BOOSTER

UNIT 1
READING COMPLETION
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. D
LISTENING COMPLETION
1. control
2. newspaper
3. culture
4. do
5. police
6. wear

Page 42 of 45
UNIT 2
READING COMPLETION
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. A
A 1. composes music
2. ever heard
3. social media
4. Austrian orchestra
5. depressing
B 6. reggae
7. crazy about
8. feel good
9. hard to
10. beat
11. sounds the same
12. turn it off
UNIT 3
READING COMPLETION
1. C 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. B 11. C
A 1. to go out
2. to save money
3. celebrate
4. have the cash
5. pay for dinner
B 6. beautiful new
7. gorgeous
8. pretty expensive
9. saved up for it
10. a little bit
11. the end of the month
12. a good salary
13. the money
UNIT 4
READING COMPLETION
1. C 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. D 10. A
A 1. dress
2. sales meeting

Page 43 of 45
3. too informal
4. conservative
B 5. his father
6. solid
7. pale blue
8. short-sleeve
9. long-sleeve
10. nice
11. to choose
UNIT 5
READING COMPLETION
1. A 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. D
1. attacks
2. spread
3. contribute
4. make a video
5. their friends
6. themselves
7. ten million
8. talked
9. celebrities
10. politicians
UNIT 6
READING COMPLETION
1. A 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. D 7. B 8. D 9. A
1. categories
2. both roles
3. instinct
4. schools
5. organism
6. confuses
7. packs
8. survival
9. hunting
10. larger
UNIT 7
READING COMPLETION
1. B 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. A

Page 44 of 45
1. looking for
2. an air conditioner
3. bedroom
4. broken
5. cheap
6. kids’ bedroom
7. stove
8. gorgeous
9. expensive
10. go inside
11. something else
12. don’t need
UNIT 8
READING COMPLETION
1. A 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. D 7. B 8. B 9. D 10. C 11. D 12. A
1. boyfriend
2. a troublemaker
3. in trouble at school
4. respect
5. friends
6. an adult
7. she’s grounded
8. trips to the mall
UNIT 9
READING COMPLETION
1. C 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. C
1. establish
2. authority
3. power
4. across
5. walked
6. ropes
7. accompanied
8. inhabited
9. prove
10. confirmed

Page 45 of 45
UNIT 10
READING COMPLETION
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. A 9. B
1. a growing trend
2. inviting
3. private lives
4. imaginable
5. leisure
6. interaction
7. watching movies
8. shopping
9. superficial
10. decreasing


Student's Book Answer Key

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Page 1 of 45

Student’s Book Answer Key

E Understand idioms and expressions

LESSON 1: Describe your personality

Summit 1, Third Edition

LESSON 2: Discuss someone’s behavior

LESSON 3: Compare perspectives on world problems

Summit 1, Third Edition

LESSON 4: Discuss creative ways to achieve a goal

Summit 1, Third Edition

Summit 1, Third Edition

LESSON 1: Describe how you’ve been enjoying the arts

LESSON 2: Express a negative opinion politely

Summit 1, Third Edition

E Notice the grammar

LESSON 3: Describe a creative personality

Summit 1, Third Edition

LESSON 4: Discuss the benefits of the arts

Summit 1, Third Edition

4. The man / Her performances are too eccentric.

LESSON 1: Express buyer’s remorse

Summit 1, Third Edition

E Notice the grammar

LESSON 2: Talk about financial goals and plans

LESSON 3: Discuss good and bad money management

Summit 1, Third Edition

C Listen to confirm content

LESSON 4: Explain reasons for charitable giving

Summit 1, Third Edition

Summit 1, Third Edition

The woman’s outfit is casual and conservative.

LESSON 1: Describe clothing details and formality

LESSON 2: Talk about changes in clothing customs

Summit 1, Third Edition

LESSON 3: Examine questionable and cosmetic procedures

LESSON 4: Discuss appearance and self-esteem

Summit 1, Third Edition

Summit 1, Third Edition

LESSON 1: Politely ask someone not to do something

Summit 1, Third Edition

C Activate word study

LESSON 2: Complain about public conduct

LESSON 3: Suggest ways to avoid being a victim of urban crime

Summit 1, Third Edition

LESSON 4: Discuss the meaning of community

Summit 1, Third Edition

D 1. Neither restaurants nor theaters should allow smoking.

E Understand idioms and expressions

LESSON 1: Exchange opinions about the treatment of animals

LESSON 2: Discuss the pros and cons of certain pets

Summit 1, Third Edition

LESSON 3: Compare animal and human behavior

Animals with claws Animals with hooves Animals with horns

C Listen to define terms

LESSON 4: Debate the value of animal conservation

Summit 1, Third Edition

D Recognize cause and effect

Summit 1, Third Edition

D Understand idioms and expressions

LESSON 1: Evaluate ways and places to shop

LESSON 2: Discuss your reactions to ads

Summit 1, Third Edition

LESSON 3: Discuss problem shopping behavior