FARO® Technologies, Inc.

GD&T Webinar

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Meet the Presenter

Renaud Gaboriault Bédard

 Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering degree

 Application Engineer at FARO
 Integrates FARO hardware and software with external systems
 Implemented customized automated solutions for some of the largest industrial
manufacturing clients around the world

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Webinar Agenda

 FARO at a Glance
 Crash Course in GD&T
 Revolutionizing with Hardware & Software
 Using Laser Trackers in QA
 Measurement Arms & Probes
 Review
 Questions?

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FARO at a Glance

The world's most

trusted source for
3D measurement
and imaging
solutions

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Trusted to Deliver on Our Promises
Unique knowledge and understanding High Profile Customers
of our customers’ business goals

Lower overall costs

Simplify processes

Reduce on-site measuring time

Decrease scrap and rework

Drive the innovation necessary

to remain competitive

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Creating Value for Our Customers
Part & Assembly Inspection
• Inspect on Arrival
• Verify to Specs
• Mold Inspection
• Reverse Engineering
Results!
• Quality Control
• Reduced Reject Rate
• Continuous Quality Improvement
• ISO Compliance
Manufacturing
Alignment Manufacturing Process
• Fixtures • Weld Placement
• Jigs • Rivet Placement
• Tool • Foreign Object Identification
• Machinery • Missing Part Inspection
• Body Panels • Layering (fiber, sheet metal)
• Large Part Alignment and
Joining (Fuselage)
Eliminate margin impacting
scrap and rework costs
Results! Results!
• Quality Control • Faster Processing Time
• Reduced Scrap Rate • Increase Productivity
• Eliminate Fixtures/Jigs • Reduce Reject/Rework Rate
• Increase Machinery Efficiency • ISO Compliance
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Bringing Value to Life With Solutions
Application-Specific
Complete Portfolio of 3D Measurement and Imaging Hardware
Software

Quality Control and Inspection

8-Axis FaroArm® and ScanArm® 6 DOF Laser Tracker

Laser-Guided Placement and FOD

Laser Imaging & Projection Visual Inspect 3D Imager

3D Point Cloud Registration

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Pushing the Boundaries

Early access to new innovative products

before they become generally available

Be a part of the FARO family!

Drive and influence the next generation of
3D Measurement and imaging!

Improve your current productivity

Address current workflow challenges in new,
creative ways

Gain a competitive edge

Be the first to adopt productivity enhancing
innovations before they become broadly available

Apply at: www.faro.com/early_adopter

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A CRASH Course in GD&T
What is GD&T?

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What is GD&T

Provides a Clear & Standardized Language

 Helps reduce and eliminate scraps and rework

 Enables complex QA
 With power comes challenges:
– Easy to misinterpret results
– Implementing shortcuts in the process can have pitfalls
 Knowledge is power

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Traditional Tolerancing vs GD&T

10 ± 1

Linear dimensions

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Traditional Tolerancing vs GD&T

a
b

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Traditional Tolerancing vs GD&T

Profile of a Surface

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Traditional Tolerancing vs GD&T

Profile of a Surface

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Traditional Tolerancing vs GD&T

Parallelism

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Traditional Tolerancing vs GD&T

Combining Parallelism and

Profile or a Surface

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Risks of Incorrect GD&T Interpretation

False Scrap

Negatives
Rework

Damaged Reputation
False
Positives Lost Money!

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Sources of Error

Components

Software Device
Environment

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Common Symbols

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Common Applications

APPLICATION TOLERANCE DESIGN METRIC

Gears Profile of a surface Efficiency
Ball Bearings Circularity Transmission Error
Press-fit Bearings Wear
Vibration
Noise
Piston-Cylinder Circularity Efficiency
Cylindricity Seal force
Brakes Flatness Pressure, Force,
Profile of a surface Vibration
Airfoil Profile of a surface Lift, Drag, Noise
Pump, Valve Regulator Circularity Flow Rate
Cylindricity
Ball Point Pen Profile of a surface Line Uniformity
Coaxiality

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Defining Flatness

“Specifies a tolerance
zone defined by two
parallel planes within
which the surface must
lie.”
– ASME Y14.5-2009

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Defining Flatness

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Example Application – Engine Deck

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Defining Flatness
Using a Height Gauge

False
Negative

False
Positive

Parallelism: Sub-optimal Adjusting columns: Not easy!

Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing, Gary K. Griffith

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Using a Granite Table and a Gauge

Granite table

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Using a Granite Table and a Gauge

Granite table

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Using a Granite Table and a Gauge

Granite table

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Evaluating Flatness the Right Way

Granite table

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DRF Alignment

Profile of a Surface Tolerance with Datum Reference Frame

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DRF Alignment

6 degrees of freedom: 3 translations and 3 rotations

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DRF Alignment

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DRF Alignment

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DRF Alignment (animation)

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Shortcuts – Beware!

Best-fit
False
Negative

Datums, features… False

Positive

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Profile of a Surface with DRF

Profile of a Surface Tolerance with Datum Reference Frame

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Profile of a Surface with DRF (Cont.)

FAIL (2.5)
PASS (1.5)

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Profile of a Surface with NO DRF

1.25 + 0.25 = 1.5

False
Negative

False
Positive
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Profile of a Surface with NO DRF (Cont.)

Optimal Alignment for Evaluating a

Profile of a Surface with no DRF

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Profile of a Surface

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Diameter – Feature of Size

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Diameter

GO / NO GO Pin

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 Diameter

Vernier Caliper

False
Fast, but not reliable Negative

False
Positive
How to take inside measurements using a vernier caliper, wonkeedonkeetools.co.uk/

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Diameter

Limitations with Go / No Go and calipers

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Position

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Position

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Perpendicularity

2 mm wide
tolerance zone

Datum plane A

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Perpendicularity

0.1 mm diameter
tolerance zone

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Conclusion

Avoiding Common
Pitfalls of GD&T
Evaluation
Shortcuts
Knowing when to take shortcuts

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Hardware & Software Revolutionize GD&T
Making QA Easy

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FARO® BuildIT Metrology

• Real-Time Inspection, Assembly & Alignment for

Manufacturing Professionals
• Powerful Established Platform
• Configurable Automated Workflows
• Single Software Ecosystem

Applications: Measurement, Alignment, Part Inspection, Tool/ Jig Building, Assembly, Meshing. In-line, Next-to-line

Industries: Aerospace & Defense | Automotive | Steel/Paper Mill | Heavy Machinery | Shipbuilding |
Energy | Space/Satellite

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Importing MBD from CAD file

Design software

BuildIT

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Defining the GD&T Directly in BuildIT

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Laser Trackers in GD&T
A Practical Application

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Laser Tracker Basics
 A laser beam is aimed at a retroreflective
spherical target held against the object to
be measured
– Laser beam is reflected from the center of the
target
– Laser retraces its path, re-entering the tracker
where it left
 Two encoders measure the elevation and
rotational angles
 A highly-accurate absolute distance meter
(ADM) determines the distance of the
retroreflector
 Distance and angular info are combined to
determine the 3D coordinates of the
retroreflector

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The Tracker in Action!

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Recap of the Workflow

• Step 1: Inspecting the Datums Features

• Step 2: Restoring the DRF Alignment used by the tolerances
• Step 3: Positioning and Inspecting the Controlled Features in the
proper DRF

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Measurement Arms & Laser Line Probes
A Practical Application

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The LLP Advantage: Faro ScanArm

1. Consists of a non-contact Laser Line Probe

(LLP) that attaches to the FaroArm
2. LLP projects a wide beam onto the surface of
the object, allowing for non-contact point
capturing
3. Light reflects back capturing up to 600K points
of measurement per second!
4. 3-D, full color models created in minutes
FaroBlu Laser
works great on
reflective & dark
surfaces!

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The ARM in Action!

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Recap of the Workflow

• Step 1: Scanning the Part

• Step 2: Performing an Alignment
• Step 3: Extracting the Features

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Key Takeaways
So Much Learning!

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Key Takeaways

• GD&T must to be evaluated the right way

• Using GD&T can help streamline the inspection workflow
• Using GD&T can help streamline the evaluation workflow

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Questions?

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