NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND 2D/3D MODELLING

OF REINFORCED EMBANKMENT ON SOFT

BANGKOK CLAY
by Prof.
Prof DT Bergado
GTE Program, SET, AIT

References:

Bergado, D.T. and Teerawattanasuk, C. 2008. 2D and 3D Numerical Simulations of Reinforced Embankments on Soft Ground. Geotextiles
and Geomembranes, Vol. 26, pp. 39-55.

Tanchaisawat T., Bergado D.T., and Voottipruex, P. 2008. Numerical simulation and sensitivity analyses of full-scale test embankment with
reinforced lightweight geomaterials on soft Bangkok clay. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, Vol. 26, Issue 6, p. 498-551.
Subsoil p
profile and relevant parameters.
p
Completed
p full-scale test embankment construction.
Plan view of full-scale test embankment with instrumentation.
Section view of full-scale test embankment with instrumentation.
Observed and p
predicted surface settlements.
Applications
pp of MSE Structures
FIRST LAYER LAYOUT OF STEEL GRIDS REINFORCEMENT
FIRST LAYER LAYOUT OF STEEL GRIDS REINFORCEMENT
Full Scale Test Embankments
Schematic plan view indicating instrumentation points in steel
grid reinforced embankment
Schematic cross section indicating instrumentation points in steel
grid reinforced embankment
Schematic plan view and cross section indicating instrumentation
points in hexagonal wire mesh reinforced embankment
6.00 m 6.00 m 6.00 m
B
L1 Inclinometer
S1 to S6 Surface settlement plate
SS1 Subsurface settlement
plate at 3 m depth
SS2 Subsurface settlement
6.00 m
plate at 6 m depth
P1 Pore water pressure at
3 m depth
P2 Pore water pressure at
S6 S3 6 m depth
SS4 SS2
A P4 P2 A
S5 S2
6.00 m SS3 SS1
S4 S1
P3 P1
L1

6.00 m 6.00 m 6.00 m

1.00 m Additional Surcharge

Gabion Gabion
Facing Facing
Zinc PVC
6.00 m 1
Coated Coated
1 Reinforce Reinforce
ment
e t ment

SECTION A-A
Schematic plan view and cross section indicating instrumentation
points in hexagonal wire mesh reinforced embankment

0.80 m 1.00 m

4.20 m 6.00 m

Additional
Surcharge Hexagonal Wire
Reinforcement with a
vertical spacing of 0.5 m

6.00 m

1.0 m

S1 S2 S3
3 00 m
3.00

P1 SS1

3.00 m

P2 SS2

SECTION B-B
4 00 m
4.00

L1
General soil profile and properties of the subsoil at Asian Institute
of Technology (AIT) (Chai 1992; Bergado et alal. 1995)
2D finite difference grid discretization for steel grid reinforced
embankment with FLAC3D (Analysis No No. 1)

1m

5.70 m

12 m

0.2 m
z (+)

y (+) x (+)
2D finite difference grid discretization for steel grid reinforced
embankment with FLAC2D (Analysis No No. 2)

y (+)
5.70 m

x (+)
12 m

15 8 m
15.8 5m 7m 15 m
0.2 m

43 m
Construction sequence of AIT full-scale test reinforced
embankments
3D finite difference grid discretization for steel grid reinforced
embankment FLAC3D (Analysis No. No 5)

2.5 m
5m
5.70 m

6m

14.5 m
12 m

z (+)

y (+)
x (+)
3D finite difference grid discretization for hexagonal wire mesh
reinforced embankment with FLAC3D (Analysis No. No 6)

6m

z (+)

y ((+))
x (+)
Comparison of measured and predicted surface settlement of steel grid reinforced soil
embankment under 2D and 3D analyses at settlement plate S5 (0.45
(0 45 m depth at middle)
Comparison of measured and predicted subsurface settlement of steel grid reinforced
soil embankment under 2D and 3D analyses at settlement plate SS8 (3 m depth at middle)
Comparison of measured and predicted excess pore-water pressure of steel grid
reinforced soil embankment under 2D and 3D analyses
y at p
piezometric p
point HP5 ((under
lateritic section 7 m depth at middle)
Comparison of measured and predicted lateral displacement profiles of
steel grid reinforced soil embankment under 2D and 3D analyses
Comparison of
measured and
predicted tension
force in the
reinforcement
i f t off
steel grid
reinforced soil
embankment
under 2D and 3D
analyses
Comparison of measured and predicted surface settlement of hexagonal wire mesh
reinforced soil embankment under 2D and 3D analyses
y at settlement p
plate S2 ((0.45 m
depth at middle)
Comparison of measured and predicted subsurface settlement of hexagonal wire mesh
reinforced soil embankment under 2D and 3D analyses
y at settlement p
plate SS1 ((3 m depth
p
at middle)
Comparison of measured and predicted subsurface settlement of hexagonal wire mesh
reinforced soil embankment under 2D and 3D analyses
y at settlement p
plate SS2 ((6 m depth
p
at middle)
Comparison of measured and predicted excess pore-water pressure of hexagonal wire
mesh reinforced soil embankment under 2D and 3D analyses
y at p
piezometer p
point P1 ((3 m
depth at middle)
Comparison of measured and predicted lateral displacement profiles of
hexagonal wire mesh reinforced soil embankment under 2D and 3D analyses
Comparison of
measured and
predicted tension
force in the
reinforcement of
hexagonal wire
mesh reinforced
soil
il embankment
b k t
under 2D and 3D
analyses