ABB Shunt

Reactors Why Shunt Reactor ?

Presentation
DEWA 13-01-2010
© ABB BA Transformers - 1 -
1/13/2010
 AGENDA

•Short introduction

•Shunt Reactor applications

•Design Concept, low losses, low sound and full testing

•Cost Drivers

•Variable Shunt Reactor

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•Summary
 $ Value for money

For long-transmission high voltage power

lines or extended cable systems
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The most compact and economical alternative to absorb reactive

power in terms of:
- Losses
- Cost of installation
 What influences the voltage?

„ Loads/loading
„ Heavy/light loading (SIL)
„ Voltage dependency
„ Power factor
„ Active/Passive load
„ Voltage regulating devices
„ Synchronous generator
„ Regulating transformer (tap-changer)
„ Sources or sinks of reactive power
„ Shunt capacitors
„ Shunt Reactors
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„ Synchronous condensers
„ Static Var Compensators (SVC)
„ Series capacitors
 Voltage (U) and Reactive power (Q)

(R) + X
P2, Q2

U1 U2
Q

Voltage drop along the line ~ X*(+-)Q/ U2

•If more reactive power is absorbed than what is

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produced, the voltage U2 will decrease.

•If more reactive power is produced than what is
absorbed, the voltage U2 will increase.
 Voltage profiles and Shunt reactors

(R) + X
P2, Q2

U1 U2
Q

At natural loading, SIL; P2 = PSIL ( reactive power balance)

1,0 pu

U1 U2
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 Voltage profiles and Shunt reactors

(R) + X
P2, Q2

U1 U2
Q

At no or low load (P2), voltage profile, ”Ferranti effect”

1,0 pu

U1 U2
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 Voltage profiles and Shunt reactors

(R) + X
P2, Q2

U1 U2
Q

At no or low load (P2), voltage profile with connected SR

1,0 pu

U1 U2
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 Voltage profiles and Shunt reactors

(R) + X
P2, Q2

U1 U2
Q

Increased load (P2), voltage profile with connected SR

1,0 pu

U1 U2
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 Fine tuning of the voltage with a regulated SR (VSR)

(R) + X
P2, Q2

U1 U2
Reactor power less than
Q rated power.

Increased load (P2), voltage profile with connected VSR

1,0 pu

U1 U2
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 Reactive Power Generation in cables

”A power system with AC cables almost always need

shunt reactors to keep the voltage stability”

30

25

20
Mvar/km

Over Head Line

15
Cable
10

0
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115 230 345 500

System Voltage (kV)
 Reactive Power Generation in cables

AC power cable is never loaded with

its natural load (losses, heating and cooling)

Always more reactive power is

produced than what is absorbed

Need for shunt reactors.

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 Extinction of the secondary arc on single-pole switched EHV lines

Making reclosing of the transmission line possible

Zero sequence inductance = Rated inductance of the SR

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Achieved with a 5 limb design

 The gapped core concept
Advantages with the rigid ABB
design:
„ High reliability
„ Low losses, < 0,2%
„ Efficient material utilisation
„ Low sound and vibrations
„ Minimum maintenance
„ Long lifetime
„ No flux “pollution”
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 Low Environmental Impact - Sound

Rigid gapped core limb for low sound level

- non-flexible high quality steel sheet

- well proven stiff steatite cylinders/spacers

Spacers are machined

to exactly the same
height

- Small axial movements

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- Low vibrations & sound

 Three Phase Shunt Reactor

„ Low vibrations
„ Low sound level
„ Long life time
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 Shield type reactor

„ This reactor type has no iron

core legs inside the windings,
= the air gap has same height
than the winding
„ The frame around the coils is
like in gapped core reactors

With interphase shield Without interphase shielding

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 Low Environmental Impact - Sound

A continuing reduction of sound level:

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 ABB Shunt Reactors

• Full-scale test
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 Cost Drivers

„ Insulation levels
„ Linearity
„ Vibration and Noise
„ Temperature
„ Loss evaluation
„ Earthquake considerations
„ Transport and Site limitations
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 Low Environmental Impact - Losses
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„ Optimising - There is an exchange between losses and

mass
 Applications for
Variable MVAr Output Shunt Reactors (VSR) with On Load Tap Changers

6-14 MVAr, 110 kV

When no fast reactive power control is

needed STATIC REGULATION

ƒLarge and long AC cable networks

ƒVariable reactive consumption needed to control voltage
Daily and season load variation.
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ƒLong lightly loaded HV-lines.

Large daily load and load types (cosφ) variations
 Customer benefits
Variable MVAr Output Shunt Reactors (VSR) with On Load Tap Changers

„ Better fine tuning of the voltage for better power system

stability.

„ No need for harmonic filters.

„ To make infrequent the need for switching on and off

reactors and to reduce the associated voltage jump
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 Customer benefits
Variable MVAr Output Shunt Reactors (VSR) with On Load Tap Changers

„ One regulated unit normally has lower price and losses

than two unregulated ones. For example one 7-14 MVAr
to two 7 MVAr units. Less space is also required.

„ Possibility to have spare units with flexible power rating

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 VSR feasible MVAr output ranges

K = Qmin / Qmax

Feasible regulation ratio, K, versus

operation voltage

Um (kV)
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Reference: CIGRE’ 12-308 1998

 Summary

„ Why Shunt reactors?

„ The most compact and cost-efficient
means to balance reactive power
generated in long-transmission high
voltage power lines or extended
cable systems used for all system
voltages
„ Voltage fine tuning with VSR
„ Shunt Reactors from ABB
„ Low losses
„ Low sound
„ Unique know-how, advanced
technology and superior
manufacturing facilities
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„ More than 700 units delivered all

over the world (the first units still in
service!)
„ Testing facilities up to the largest
units in voltage and Mvar
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