SECTION – A

a. Define Management
b. Types of plans.
c. directing.
d. Sub culture.
e. decentralization.
f. span of control
g. differentiate formal Vs informal organization.
h. Morale.
Answers.
a.
Management: “management is an art of getting things done through others and with t
he people formally organized groups”
KOONTZ & O.DONNEL.
Management is art of knowing what you want to do and than seeing that it is done
in the best & cheapest way.
Definition: Management is the art of securing maximum results with minimum effor
t. So as to secure maximum prosperity and happiness to both employer and employe
e and give the public the best possible services.
b.
Types of Plans:
Plans can be classified in a number of ways in order to achieve
the objectives of an enterprise variety of plans are made by a manager which are

Standing plans and single use plans:

A standing plan is a plan whch serves as a guideline to managerial action .eg po
licies, procedures, methods, rules.
Advantages:
Managerial efficiency is enhanced.
Control is made easy
Help in co-ordination.
Useful for new employees
Single use plans are plans which are designed for a specific purpose or period.
Long range and short range plans:
If any enterprise whishes become a leader in the industry. It has to make plans
along period of time which may vary from three to five years.
Short range plans are plans for guiding the day to days action of any undertakin
g. Three plans are generally for one year only.

Financial and Non financial plans:

Financial plans refer to monetary plans such as raising of capital loan
s etc.
Non financial plans relate the physical resources of concern.
Formal and Informal plans:
Certain plans are formal where there are the other plan which is informa
l .The informal plans involver more thinking on the part of the managers. It is
always better to prepare formal plans as it helps in exercising effective contro
l and brings to light the weakness as the initial stages.

c.
Directing:
Definition: “Directing concerns the total manner in which a manger influen
ces the actions of subordinates. It is the final action of a manager in getting
others to act after all preparations have been completed”—JOSEPH MASSIE
“Direction is the sum total of managerial efforts that are applied for gui
ding and inspiring the working learns to make better accomplishment in the organ
ization.
Characteristics:
1. It is concerned with issuing of orders and instructions to the sub or
dinates
2. Guiding and counseling the subordinates in their work with a view to
improve their performance.
3. Supervising the work of subordinate s to ensure that it conforms to p
lans.
4. It is performed at all levels of management.
5. It is a continuous process.
Requirements:
1. Harmony of objectives
2. Unity of command
3. Direct Supervision
4. Efficient Communication.
5. Follow –Through.

D
Subculture:

e.
Decentralization:
It is totalistic in nature. It involves delegation from top management to the d
epartmental or divisions. Thus it involves several levels or executives’ .It is be
tween top management and departments. It is a matter of policy. It is the end re
sult of delegation and authority.
Decentralization is both philosophy of mgt and a technique.
The top mgt excercises the minimum control. All power given or delegated to conn
ected departments or divisions. In other words, the authority of control is also
delegated.
f.
Span of control:
The term span literally means two. Supports of a structure .For eg. It m
ay mean the space between the two pillars of a bridge. The space between should
be too large nor too small. If it is too large the bridge may collapse. If it is
too small it will necessary increase the cost of construction.
Span refers to no. of subordinates a manger or superior can surprise man
ge or control efficiency or effectively. If no. of subordinates placed under one
 manager is too large it will become difficult to effectively control them and d
esired result cannot be achieved. In this supervision and control become very cr
itical.
On the other hand if the no. of subordinates is too small, if the fine e
nergy and ability of the manger are not utilized fully and the task may not be a
ccomplished. Span of control is also known as span of supervision, span of manag
ement, span of responsibility, span of direction etc.
It is an important principle of the second generation.
In this three types of superior- subordinates relationships
1. Direct single relationship.
2. Direct group relationship.
3. Cross relation ship.
g.
Differentiate formal Vs informal organization.
Sno.
Basis of comparison
Formal organization
Informal organization
1
Formation
Planned & deli borate
Spontaneous/ unplanned
2
Purpose
Well set goals
Social interaction
3
Structure
Well structured
Un Structured
4
Nature
Official
Un official
5
Focus
Position
Persons
6
Leadership
Superior
Anyone
7
Source of control
Reward/ punishment
Sanctions
8
Flexibility
Rigid, stable and inflexibility, Predictable
Flexibility, unstable, and Un predictable.
9
Communication
Formally established
Members communicates according to convenience
h.
Morale:

Character Education Questionnaire

in Education Questionnaire
Character education questionnaire is a questionnaire that helps to understand th
e character of an individual. It is a measure usually initiated by school or oth
er institutions to help their student to assess themselves and their characters.
The result or report of such a questionnaire helps to either reflect upon or mo
dify points of character to build the personality of an individual in a better w
ay.
Sample Character Education Questionnaire:
ABC institute of character building has taken up a step to evaluate 1000 people
of different walks of life through the following questionnaire. Please answer th
e following:
1.Name:
1.Age:
1.Occupation:
1.Gender:
1.Which of the following qualities describes you the best:
a) Hard working€€€ b) honest€€€€ c) disciplined€€ d) sincere
1.Do you like to be a) surrounded by a lot of people or b) prefer being left alo
ne?
a)€€€€€€ Or€€€€€€€ b)€€€€€ (tick the appropriate choice)
7.€€ Do you have both male and female friends?
a) Yes€€€€€ b) no
8.€€ Do you take part in co curricular activities?
a) Yes€€€€€ b) no
1.Are you a team person?
a) Yes€€€€€€ b) no
1.Do you take your defeat in a positive stride?
a) Yes€€€€€€ b) no
1.Do you help/respect the elderly in case of need?
a) Yes€€€€€€€€ b) no€€€€€ c) sometimes
12.€ How often do you lie to escape from a situation?
a) Never€€€€ b) sometimes€€€€ c) often€€€€ d) always
1.Do you follow rules and regulations:
a) Yes€€€€ b) no€€€€ c) sometimes
1.What changes would you like to see in your overall personality?

A human resources (HR) questionnaire can be used for several purposes. Key among
them is to gauge whether employees in a specific organization require further t
raining. Such questionnaires test the employee’s knowledge on new technologies or
techniques before the same are introduced in an organization. A different form o
f HR questionnaire can be used to gauge employee’s satisfaction with the job envir
onment, the workload and remuneration among other things that enhance employee p
erformance. Based on the data collected in such surveys, the human resources dep
artment is able to formulate policy interventions that rectify any weaknesses th
at may hamper employee performance.
Example:
Employee Name_______________________ Dept_______________ No.____________
Q1. How would you define your work?
______________________________
______________________________
Q2. What would you describe as the most challenging thing in your job?
______________________________
Q3. What is the most enjoyable part of your work?
______________________________
Q4. How would you rate your team working skills?
?Excellent€€€?Average€€?Below average
Q5. How do you handle pressure at work?
______________________________
Q6. Is there anything that you think the management of the organization can do t
o help you handle work-related stress better?
______________________________
Q7. How would you rate employee motivation in this company?
?Above average€€€?average €€?below average
Q8. What would you like the management to improve on in order motivate employees
in the organization?
______________________________
Q9. What is your mode of working?
?At my own pace just as I meet targets
?Within set times and deadlines
?In a group
?Other (specify) ____________
Q10.€ Give your honest opinion about employee treatment in this organization and w
hat you would like to see changed.
______________________________
______________________________

Lots of decision making needs to be done before an event takes place. Thus in or
der to do beforehand planning before the event an event planning questionnaire i
s required. This questionnaire is helps to decide the budget and tentative date
of the event. This questionnaire is mostly used by event management companies.
Sample event planning questionnaire:
Name: ______________
Name of organization: ___________
Designation: __________________
Office address: _________________
Office contact number: ______________________
Personal contact number: __________________
Email id: _________________
1. What is your event about?
a) Educational seminar
b) Business conference
c) Social service or charity related
d) Promotion of a product
e) Sales meeting
f) Networking event
2. What is the budget allocated by your organization for this event?
a) Ten thousand dollars or less
b) Fifty thousand dollars or less
c) One hundred thousand dollars or less
d) More than one hundred thousand dollars
3. What is your estimated attendance for the event?

The purpose of a staff interview questionnaire is to measure the motivation leve

l, the job satisfaction and initiative that the staff has towards his job. This
interview questionnaire can also cover matters like compensation, increment, ben
efits, different approach towards the assigned duties, work pressure and treatme
nt meted out by superiors.
The questionnaire also helps in gathering the information whether the employee r
equires further training to meet his job objectives. It also helps in deciding w
hether a particular employee deserves a pay hike or promotion. Usually a third p
arty consisting of researchers is hired to set the questionnaire. But, sometimes
the top management personally drafts such questionnaire for the staff.
Sample Staff Interview Questionnaire
Name: _________________________
Employee id: __________________
Employment date: __________________
Department: ____________________
Q1. How has been your experience been so far, in this company?
Q2. Are you satisfied with your job?
Q3. Are you happy with your shift timings?
Q4. Are you open to working in different shifts at short notice?
Q5. Are you happy with your department?
Q6. Are you open to shifting to a different department?
Q7. How is your relationship with your team leader?
Q8. How is your relationship with your colleagues?
Q9. Would you like to suggest new methods to make your job easier?
Q10. Have you noticed any behavior in your team leader that you feel is not mora
lly right?
Q11. Do you feel that you need further training to improve your skills ?
Q12. Are you satisfied with your current remuneration?
Q13. Would you like to suggest new policies in the company?
Q14. Where do you see yourself in this company five years down the line?

Manager interview questionnaire is a questionnaire which is prepared to ask the

questions from the candidate who is facing an interview for the post of manager.
Manager interview questionnaire helps in getting the reaction from the mind of
a candidate for a given situation or a certain purpose. This is because the answ
er of the questionnaire gives an idea about candidate’s way of thinking.
This type of questionnaire also helps an employer to know the expectations of th
e candidate from the post.
Manager Interview Questionnaire Sample
1.Do you have any experience of challenging the old work methods? __________
2.By what way you generally make your important decisions? _________________
______________________
Can you handle the workload? ________€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€
What is your best way to handle the failures? Also give an example. ____________
_____________________________________________________
Do you have any experience in setting the budgets? ______________________
When did you last updated your education of business management?
1.Two years back
2.Last year
3.Two months back
How will you start working with the new customers? _____________________________
__________________________________
How can you satisfy our customers? _________________________________
What according to you is the most attractive thing about this position? Also let
us know about the least attractive about it. __________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________
What do you feel is the most difficult task about being a manager? Give us your
opinion. _____________________________________________________
What according to you are the most essential qualities that a manager should pos
sess?

A customer satisfaction questionnaire is an important tool in evaluating the lev

el of satisfaction of all your customers. A customer satisfaction questionnaire
would allow you to get valuable feedback directly from your customers.€ This would
then enable you to change, modify or improve different aspects about your estab
lishment in order to have excellent customer satisfaction.€ A customer satisfactio
n questionnaire should have a clear and easy to understand format and the questi
ons should be simple enough to read and answer.€ You should include as many open-
ended questions in order to elicit as much useful and relevant information from
the customers. Below is a sample.
Sample Customer Satisfaction Questionnaire
Name of customer: ________________________________________________________
Date: ___________________________________________________________________
Is this your first time dining at this restaurant?
________________________________________________________________________
If not, when is the last time you dined at this restaurant?
________________________________________________________________________
How did you find out about this restaurant?
Friends: ________________________________________________________________
Family: _________________________________________________________________
Other (please specify): _____________________________________________________
How would you rate the general welcome into the restaurant?
For the following couple of questions answer with Excellent, Good, Average, Poor
or Very Poor
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
How would you rate the general ambience, design and feel of the restaurant?
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
How would you rate the quality, variety and taste of the food?
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
How would you describe the general service given by the staff?
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
How would you rate the general prices of the food?
Expensive: ______________________________________________________________
Fairly priced: ____________________________________________________________