FACULTY OF CHEMICAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

TEST

COURSE : ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

COURSE CODE : BKC4543

LECTURER : AZILAH BINTI AJIT @ ABD AZIZ

JUN HASLINDA BT HAJI SHARIFUDDIN
NOOR IDA AMALINA BINTI AHAMAD NORDIN
SITI HAJAR NOOR BINTI SHAARANI

DATE : 23 OCTOBER 2019

DURATION : 1 HOUR & 30 MINUTES

SESSION/SEMESTER : SESSION 2019/2020 SEMESTER I

PROGRAMME CODE : BKC

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATE:
1. This question paper consists of TWO (2) questions. Answer ALL questions.
2. All answers to a new question should start on new page.
3. All the calculations and assumptions must be clearly stated.
4. Candidates are not allowed to bring any material other than those allowed by
the invigilator into the examination room.
5. The question should be answered in English.

EXAMINATION REQUIREMENTS:
-
APPENDIX
APPENDICES

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

This examination paper consists of FIVE (5) printed pages including front page.
CONFIDENTIAL BKC/1920I/BKC4543

QUESTION 1 [25 MARKS]

a) Zquat company is considering opening a new plant at Gebeng area. The
characteristic of potential wastewater discharge by this company as shown in Table
1. An innovative process for storing electricity, they decided to use gas methane in
this process plant. You have been selected to develop a wastewater treatment plant
processes required to meet DOE regulation (standard B). Draw a complete
schematic flow diagram of a treatment plant for each unit necessary in this system.

Table 1: Wastewater characteristic

Effluent parameter Concentration (mg/L)

Suspended solid (SS) 400

BOD5 770

COD 1850

Nitrogen 150

Phosphorus 75

(5 Marks)

b) Pilot plant kinetic studies have established the following values: Y = 0.5 kg
biomass/ kg BOD, kd =0.06 perday. The average flow rate is equal to 0.32 m 3/s.
The average daily wastewater waste sludge is equal to 2400 mg/L. The plant is to
be operated at a mean cell residence time of 10 days with a temperature at 20 C.
The wastewater contains 240 mg/L BOD and 280 mg/L of suspended solid. The
target effluent of BOD5 and TSS are 5.7 mg/L and 24 mg/L, respectively.
Underflow concentration is 3,000 mg/L from secondary clarifier.
Assume:
1. BOD and TSS removal in the primary clarifier are 33 and 67 percent,
respectively.
2. Specific gravity of primary sludge is 1.05 and the sludge has 4.4% of solid
content.

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CONFIDENTIAL BKC/1920I/BKC4543

i) Calculate BOD5 and TSS concentration in primary clarifier effluent.

(6 Marks)
ii) Determine the reactor volume and how many units required if the rectangular
tank will be selected. Assume the width to length ratio is 1:2 with 5 meter
depth. Refer the rules of thumb for sedimentation tank design (in appendix).
(6 Marks)
iii) Calculate the sludge waste flow rate from aeration tank
(2 Marks)
iv) Calculate the hydraulic retention time, F/M and organic loading rate

(6 Marks)

QUESTION 2 [25 MARKS]

A city water supply is obtained from a deep aquifer. The water required a treatment to
meet the standard that safe for human activities and supplies. From water sample
analysis, the water is characterized to have undesirable gas, containing calcium and
magnesium. Some flocculating particles also presence in the water, where initial solids
concentration is 250 mg/L. The water is aerated where the reaeration constant is 0.4 day -1
for 20 °C. The total hardness is found to be 270 mg/L, consists of calcium and
magnesium and a temperature of 30 °C at 1 atm pressure. Concentration of other ions
(expressed as mg/L CaCO3) is shown in Table 2.
Table 2: Result of water analysis
Ions Concentration Ions Concentration
(mg/L) (mg/L)
Ca+ 185 HCO−¿3
¿
220
Mg2+ 85 SO 2−¿
4
¿
47
Na+ 21 Cl- 24
CO2 18.5

a) Explain the purpose of water aeration process as a first unit operation in the water
treatment.
(2 Marks)

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CONFIDENTIAL BKC/1920I/BKC4543

b) Calculate the reaeration rate of the aerator used in the treatment. Given θ = 1.016.
(2 Marks)

c) Calculate the solubility of oxygen in water. Assume other dissolved material is

negligible.
(5 Marks)

d) Determine the amount of lime and soda (in mg/L as CaCO3) necessary to soften
the water to 90.0 mg/L as CaCO3.
(6 Marks)

e) A column analysis of a flocculating suspension is conducted. The resulting matrix

is shown in Table 3. Determine the overall removal efficiency of a settling basin
which is 3 m deep with detention time of 1 h and 40 min. Given the fraction of
particles with vp < vs removed is 0.6.

Table 3: Result of suspended solids test on sample Ci mg/L

Time of sampling, min
Depth, m
30 60 90 120 150 180
0.5 133 83 50 38 30 23
1.0 180 125 93 65 55 43
1.5 203 150 118 93 70 58
2.0 213 168 135 110 90 70
2.5 220 180 145 123 103 80
3.0 225 188 155 133 113 95
(10 Marks)

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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CONFIDENTIAL BKC/1920I/BKC4543

Appendix

Surface dimensions of rectangular sedimentation basin;

L=2 to 4 times width or 10 to 20 times the depth
Depth for discrete particles =2.5 to 5m
Depth for flocculate particle =3 to 4m
overflow rate for discrete particles =1.0 – 2.5 m/h
overflow for flocculate particle =0.6 – 1.0 m/h
Detention time for discrete particles =2-4 h
Detention time for flocculate particle = 4-6 h
Horizontal velocities for light flocculent < 9.0 m/h
Horizontal velocities for heavier flocculent < 36 m/h
Weir overflow for light to heavier particle = 6-14 m3/h

P
x=
H
moles of gas ( n g )
x=
moles of gas ( ng ) +moles of liquid ( nl )

C1
x=
C0

C0 − Ct
%x = × 100
Co