Cal2-Ch3(19-20).docx

CHAPTERIII
MULTIPLEINTEGRATIONS
DepartmentofFoundationYear,
Institute of Technology of Cambodia
2019–2020
1 / 70
CALCULUSII ITC
Contents
1 Surfaces in Space
2 Quadric Surfaces
3 Definitions and the Existence of Multiple Integrals
4 Multiple Integral Calculus
5 Double Integrals
6 Change of Variables for Double Integrals
7 Application of Double Integrals
8 Triple Integrals
9 Change of Variable in Triple Integrals
10 Application of Triple Integrals
Contents
1 Surfaces in Space
2 Quadric Surfaces
CALCULUSII ITC 2 /70
5 Double Integrals
8 Triple Integrals
Surfaces in Space
Definition 1
The trace of a surface S in a plane is the intersection of the surface and the plane. In particular, the traces of S in
the xy-plane, the yz-plane, and the xz-plane are called the xy-trace, the yz-trace and the xz-trace, respectively.
Note: To find the xy-traces, we set z = 0 and sketch the graph of the resulting equation in the xy-plane. The other
traces are obtained in a similar manner. Of course, if the surface does not intersect the plane, there is no trace in
that plane.
The traces and the surface of the paraboloid z = x2 + y2.
Surfaces in Space
Definition2
Let C beacurveinaplane,andlet ` bealinethatisnotparallelto
thatplane.Thenthesetofallpointsgeneratedbylettingaline
traverseC whileparallelto` atalltimesiscalleda cylinder.The
curveC iscalledthe directrixofthecylinder,andeachlinethrough
C parallelto` iscalleda rulingofthecylinder.
CALCULUSII ITC 2 /70 We now turn our attention to a class of surfaces called cylinders.
Surfaces in Space
Example3
Sketchtheparaboliccylinder y = x 2 − 4.

Surfaces in Space
Example4
y 2 z2
Sketchtheellipticcylinder + =1 .
4 9

Surfaces in Space
Example5
Sketchthesurfaceof z = cosx.

Contents
1 Surfaces in Space
2 Quadric Surfaces
5 Double Integrals
CALCULUSII ITC 2 /70 8 Triple Integrals
Quadric Surfaces
Definition6
Thegraphofthesecond-degreeequaton
Ax 2 + By 2 + Cz 2 + Dxy + Exz + Fyz + Gx + Hy + Iz + J =0 (∗ )
iscalleda quadricsurface.
Quadric Surfaces
A series of rotation and translation can transform equation (∗)
into the form
aX2 + bY 2 + cZ2 + d = 0
aX2 + bY 2 + cZ = 0
which are called the standard form in the new coordinates
system. For this reason we will restrict our study of quadric surfaces to those represented by the equations
ax2 + by2 + cz2 + d = 0
ax2 + by2 + cz = 0.
Note:
When we sketch the following quadric surfaces, we will find it useful to look at their traces in the coordinate
planes as well as planes that are parallel to the coordinate planes.
Ellipsoid:
Figure: First, we find x−,y− and z−
Quadric Surfaces
Figure: Computer generated intercepts, and then sketch
Hyperboloid of One Sheet:
Figure: Sketch the trace on the plane

CALCULUSII ITC 2 /70 Figure: Computer generated z = k (in this case) for an
appropriate value of k and for z = 0. Then use symmetry.
Hyperboloid of Two Sheet:
Figure: Sketch the trace on the plane

Quadric Surfaces
Figure: Computer generated z = k (in this case) for an
appropriate
value of k. Then find the z− intercept and use symmetry.
Cone:
Figure: Sketch the trace on the plane z

= k (in this case) for an appropriate Figure: Computer generated value of k. Then use symmetry.
Paraboloids:
Figure: Sketch the trace on the plane z = k (in this case) for an
appropriate Figure: Computer generated value of k.
Quadric Surfaces
Note: It opens upward if c > 0 and opens downward if c < 0.
Hyperbolic Paraboloid:
Figure: Computer generated

Figure: Sketch the trace on the plane z = k (in this case) for an appropriate value of k.
Note: Note: There is one positive and one negative sign.
Contents
1 Surfaces in Space
2 Quadric Surfaces
5 Double Integrals
Figure: Case n = 3
Integral over Rectangles
Let R be an n-dimensional rectangle, i.e.,
R =[a1,b1] × ··· × [an,bn]
={(x1,...,xn) ∈ Rn : xi ∈ [ai,bi],i = 1,2,...,n}.
The content or volume of R is defined to be
V (R) = (b1 − a1) × ··· × (bn − an).
The numbers b1 − a1,...,bn − an, are the edge lengths of R.
A grid on R is a collection of n-dimensional rectangles
G = {R1,R2,...,Rp} obtained by subdividing the sides of R. That is,
R = R1 ∪ R2 ∪ ... ∪ Rp
If f : R −→ R, we can approximate the total nth-dimensional
volume bounded below by R and above by f with the following Riemann sum:
p
X
f(xi)V (Ri) i=1
where xi ∈ Ri and V (Ri) is the content of Ri.
The function f is said to be Riemann integrable if the limit
p
T = lim Xf(xi)V (Ri) k∆k→0
i=1
Integral over Rectangles
exists, where ∆ is the diameter of subrectangle.
Definition7
If f isRiemannintegrable,T iscalledthe Riemannintegralof f
overR andisdenoted
Z Z
··· f (x 1,x 2,...,x n ) dx1··· dxn
R
Frequentlythisnotationisabbreviatedas
Z Z
f (x)dx or fdV.
R R
Whenn =2 andn =3 ,wedenotetheintegralbyoneofthesymbols

ZZ ZZ ZZZ ZZZ
f (x,y )dA or fdA, f (x,y,z )dV or fdV.
R R R R

Integral over More General Subset of Rn
Definition8
Let f : S ⊂ R n → R beaboundedfunctiondefinedonabounded
subsetS ,andlet
( f (x), x ∈ S
f S (x)=
0, x∈/S
Let R bearectanglecontaining S .Thenthe integral of f overS is
definedtobe
Z Z
f (x)dx = f S (x)dx
S R
if RR f S (x)dx exists.
Definition9
Z
Wecall V (S )= dx the content of S .
S
Figure: Case n = 2: S ⊂ R
Integral over More General Subset of Rn
Properties of Integral
Let f,g : S ⊂ Rn → R be integrable. Then f + cg is integrable on S and
Z Z Z
(f + cg)(x)dx =f(x)dx + cg(x)dx
S S S
If f ≤ g then
|f| is also integrable and

fg is integrable on S.
Properties of Integral
If S = R is a rectangle, f is continuous on S, and g ≥ 0, then there is some x0 ∈ S such that
If S1,S2 ⊂ S, then
Z Z Z
f(x)dx = f(x)dx − f(x)dx
S1−S2 S1 S1∩S2
Z Z Z Z f(x)dx = f(x)dx + f(x)dx −
f(x)dx.
S1∪S2 S1 S2 S1∩S2
If S1 ∩ S2 has zero content then
Z Z Z f(x)dx = f(x)dx + f(x)dx.
S1∪S2 S1 S2
Contents
1 Surfaces in Space
2 Quadric Surfaces

5 Double Integrals
8 Triple Integrals
Iterated Integral
Theorem1(Iteratedintegral)
If f isintegrableoverasubset S in R n ,thentheintegral
Z
fdV
S
canbecalculatedintermof n-folditeratedintegral
Z n Z Z
··· n n f (x 1,x 2,...,x n )dx 1
o dx o ··· o dx .
2 n

Change of Variables
Theorem2(Changeofvariablesformula)
Let S u ,S x ⊂ R n betworegions, T beaone-to-one C 1 functionfrom S u
onto S x with T − 1 differentiable,and f : S x ⊂ R n → R becontinuous.
Thatis
x i = x i (u1,...,u n ) ⇐⇒ ui = ui (x 1,...,x n )
for i =1 , 2,...,n. Ifthe n × n Jaccobiandeterminant
∂x 1 ∂x 1
∂u 1 ... ∂u n
J = .. .. .. 6
=0 ,
. . .
∂x n ∂x n
∂u 1 ... ∂u n
then
Z Z
f (x )dx = f (T (u))|J |du.
Sx Su

Contents
1 Surfaces in Space
2 Quadric Surfaces
5 Double Integrals
Double Integrals
Figure: Function f(x,y) lies on regionFigure: The rectangles lying within R

R form an inner partition of R
Figure: Rectangular prism whose base

has an area of ∆Ai and whose height Figure: Volume approximated by
is f(xi,yi) rectangular prisms
Double Integrals
Definition10
If f isdefinedonaclosed,boundedregion
R inthe xy-plane,thenthe
doubleintegraloff overR is
n
Z ZZ
fdA = f (x,y )dA = lim X f (x i ,y i )∆A i
R R k∆ k→0
i=1
providedthelimitexists.Ifthelimitexists,thenf is integrableover
R.
Theorem3(AreaandVolume)
Let R beaboundedregioninxy-plane.Then
A = R R dA istheareaoftheregionR.
V=R R R f (x,y )dA isthevolumeofthesolidregionthatliesabove
R
R andbelowthegraphoff ,providedthatf isintegrableovera
planeregionR andf (x,y ) ≥ 0 forall (x,y ) in R.
Double Integrals
Theorem4(PropertiesofDoubleIntegrals)
Let f and g becontinuousoveraclosed,boundedplaneregion R and
let c beaconstant.
ZZ ZZ
cf (x,y )dA = c f (x,y )dA
R R
ZZ ZZ ZZ
[f (x,y ) ± g(x,y )]dA = f (x,y )dA ± g(x,y )dA
R R R
ZZ
f (x,y )dA ≥ 0 if f (x,y ) ≥ 0
R
ZZ ZZ
f (x,y )dA ≥ g(x,y )dA if f (x,y ) ≥ g(x,y )
R R
ZZ ZZ ZZ
f (x,y )dA = f (x,y )dA + f (x,y )dA,where R isthe
R R1 R2
unionoftwononoverlappingsubregionsR 1 and R 2 .

Double Integrals
Theorem5(Fubini’sTheorem)
Let f becontinuousonaplaneregion R.
If R isdefinedby a ≤ x ≤ b and g1(x ) ≤ y ≤ g2(x ) where g1 and g2
arecontinuouson [a,b ] then
ZZ Z bZ g2 (x )
f (x,y )dA = f (x,y )dydx
R a g1 (x )
If R isdefinedby c ≤ y ≤ d and h 1(y) ≤ x ≤ h 2(y) where h 1 and

h 2 arecontinuouson [c,d ] then
d h 2 (y)
ZZ Z Z
f (x,y )dA = f (x,y )dxdy
R c h 1 (y)

Double Integrals
Example11
Evaluatetheintegral
ZZ
(1 − x 2 − y 2 )dA
R
where
(a) R istheregiongivenby 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 and − 1 ≤ y ≤ 2.
(b) R istheregionboundedbyparabola y = x 2 andaline y = x .
Definition12(Averagevalueofafunction)
If f isintegrableovertheplaneregion R ,thenthe averagevalue of f
over R is
1 ZZ
f (x,y )dA
A R
where A istheareaof R.

Contents
1 Surfaces in Space
2 Quadric Surfaces
5 Double Integrals
Change of Variables for Double Integrals
Theorem 6 (Change of Variables for Double Integrals)

Let R be a vertically or horizontally simple region in the xy-plane, and let S be a vertically or horizontally simple
region in the uv-plane. Let T from S to R be given by T(u,v) = (x,y) = (g(u,v),h(u,v)) where g and h have
continuous first partial derivatives. Assume that T is one-to-one except possibly on the boundary of S. If f is
continuous on
R, and ∂(x,y)/∂(u,v)
ZZ
f (x,y )dxdy = is nonzero
ZZ
on))S|J 2then
f (g(u,v ),h (u,v |dudv.
R S
Change of Variables for Double Integrals
Example13
Evaluatethefollowingintegrals
ZZ
1 I = cos(2x + y) sin(x − y) dA, whereR istheregionbounded
R
bythelines y =0 ,y = x and x +2 y =8 .
ZZ
2 J = (x + y2) dA, whereR istheregionboundedbythelines
R
y = ± x and y = ± x +1 .
ZZ 2
3 K = (x − y2)exy dA, whereR istheregionboundedbythe
R
linesy = x,y = x +2 andthehyperbolas y =1 /x and y =4 /x.

Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates
Figure: Polar sector Figure: Polar grid superimposed over region R

Consider a specific polar sector Ri, as shown in Figure. It can be shown that the area of Ri is
∆Ai = ri∆ri∆θi
where ∆ri = r2 −r1 and ∆θi = θ2 −θ1. This implies that the volume of the solid of height f(ri cosθi,ri sinθi) over region
Ri is approximately
f(ri cosθi,ri sinθi)ri∆ri∆θi
and we have
.
Theorem7(ChangofvariablestoPolarform)
Let R beaplaneregioncosistingofallpoints (x,y )=( r cosθ,r sin θ)
satisfyingtheconditions 0 ≤ g1 (θ) ≤ r ≤ g2 (θ),α ≤ θ ≤ β,where
0 ≤ (β − α) ≤ 2π.If g1 and g2 arecontinuouson [α,β ] and f is
continuouson R ,then
β g2 (θ)
ZZ Z Z
f (x,y )dA = f (r cosθ,r sin θ)rdrdθ.
R α g1 (θ)

Example14
ZZ 2
Evaluatetheintegral x dA,where
R
1 R = { (x,y ) ∈ R 2 : x 2 + y2 ≤ 1} .
2 R = { (x,y ) ∈ R 2 :1 ≤ x 2 + y2 ≤ 4} .
3 R = { (x,y ) ∈ R 2 : x 2 + y2 ≤ 4; x ≥ 1} .
4 R istheregionareaenclosedbythegraphofPolarequation
r = cos2θ.

Contents
1 Surfaces in Space
2 Quadric Surfaces
5 Double Integrals
Moment and center of mass
Definition15
Let ρ isacontinuousdensityfunctiononthelaminaR.Then
ZZ
m= ρ(x,y )dA isthemassofthelamina.
R
ZZ
Mx = yρ(x,y )dA isthefirstmomentofR abouty-axis
R
ZZ
My = xρ(x,y )dA isthefirstmomentofR aboutx -axis
R
Thecentreofmass is
− − My Mx
x, y = , .
m m
If R representsasimpleplaneregionratherthanalamina,the
− −
point x, y iscalledthecentroidoftheregion.

Moment of inertia
Definition 16 (Moments of inertia)

Let ρ is a continuous density function on the lamina R, Then
is the moment of inertia of the R
about L where L can be a point or a straight line; and d is the distance from a point (x,y) of the region R to L.
I L = ZZ d2(x,y )ρ(x,y )dA
ZZ
R
2
Ix =y ρ(x,y)dA is the moment of inertia of R about x-axis.
R
y =
ZZ 2
ICALCULUSII x ρ(x,y )dA ITC 2 /70 is the moment of inertia of R about y-axis.
R
I0 = Ix + Iy is the moment of inertia of R about the region and it is called the polar moment of inertia.
Surface area
Example17
ZZ ZZ q
1+[ f x (x,y )]2 z+[=9
Findthesurfaceareaofthepartoftheparaboloid
Surfacearea= dS = − x 2)]−2 dA.
f y (x,y y 2 that
liesabovetheplane z =5R . R

If f,fx and fy are continuous on the closed region R in the xy-
plane, then the area of the surface S given by z = f(x,y) over
R is defined as follow.
Figure: Surface z = f(x,y) over region

R
Surface area
Example18
Findthesurfaceareaoftheportionoftheplane z =2 − x − y thatlies
abovethecirclex 2 + y2 ≤ 1 inthefirstquadrant,asshowninFigure.

Surface area
Example19
Findtheareaofthatpartoftheplane y + z =2 insidethecylinder
x 2 + z 2 =1 .

Contents
1 Surfaces in Space
2 Quadric Surfaces
5 Double Integrals
Q is a bounded solid region
Vi is a volume of the i-th box
(xi,yi,zi) is a point in the box
Vi
The volume of the i-th box is
∆Vi = ∆xi∆yi∆zi.
Triple Integrals
The norm k∆k of the
Definition20(Tripleintegral)
If f iscontinuousoveraboundedsolidregion Q ,thenthe triple
integral of f over Q isdefinedas
n
Z ZZZ
fdV = f (x,y,z )dV = lim X f (x i ,y i ,z i )∆ Vi
Q Q k∆ k→ 0
i=1
providedthelimitexists.
Theorem8
The volume ofthesolidregion Q isgivenby
ZZZ
Volumeof Q = dV.
Q
CALCULUSII ITC
partition is the length of the
2 /70
Figure: Volume of longest diagonal of the boxes in the partition.

Triple Integrals
Theorem9(PropertiesofTripleIntegrals)
Let f and g becontinuousoveraboundedsolidregion Q andlet c bea
constant.
Z Z
cf (x,y,z )dV = c f (x,y,z )dV
Q Q
Z Z Z
[f (x,y,z ) ± g(x,y,z )]dV = f (x,y,z )dV ± g(x,y,z )dV
Q Q R
Z
f (x,y,z )dV ≥ 0 if f (x,y,z ) ≥ 0
Q
Z Z
f (x,y,z )dV ≥ g(x,y,z )dC if f (x,y,z ) ≥ g(x,y,z )
Q Q
Z Z Z
f (x,y,z )dV = f (x,y,z )dV + f (x,y,z )dV ,where Q is
Q Q1 Q2
theunionoftwononoverlappingsubregions Q 1 and Q 2 .

Triple Integrals
Theorem10(EvaluationbyIteratedIntegrals)
Let f becontinuousonasolidregion Q definedby
a ≤ x≤ b
h 1(x ) ≤ y ≤ h 2(x )
g1(x,y ) ≤ z ≤ g2(x,y )
where h 1,h 2,g 1 and g2 arecontinuousfunctions.Then,
ZZZ Z bZ h 2 (x )
Z g2 (x,y )
f (x,y,z )dV = f (x,y,z )dzdydx
Q a h 1 (x ) g1 (x,y )

Triple integrals
Example21(IteratedIntegral)
Evaluatethetripleiteratedintegral
Z 2Z x
Z x+ y
ex (y +2 z)dzdydx.
0 0 0
Example22(UsingaTripleIntegraltoFindVolume)
Findthevolumeoftheellipsoidgivenby 4x 2 +4 y 2 + z 2 =16 .
Example23(ChangingtheOrderofIntegration)
Evaluate √ √
π/2 π/2 3
Z Z Z
sin(y 2)dzdydx.
0 x 1

Triple integrals
Example 24 (Determining the Limits of Integration)

Set up a triple integral for the volume of each solid region.
(a) The region in the first octant bounded above by the cylinder z = 1 − y2 and lying between the vertical
planes x + y = 1 and x + y = 3.
(b) The upper hemisphere z = p1 − x2 − y2.
(c) The region bounded below by the paraboloid z = x2 + y2 and above by the sphere x2 + y2 + z2 = 6.
Contents
1 Surfaces in Space
2 Quadric Surfaces
5 Double Integrals
8 Triple Integrals
Triple integral in cylindrical coordinates
Let Q be region described by

Q = {(x,y,z) ∈ R3 : (x,y) ∈ R,h1(x,y) ≤ z ≤ h2(x,y)}
where R is the projection of Q onto the xy-plane and suppose

that
R= {(r,θ) : α ≤ θ ≤ β,g1(θ) ≤ r ≤ g2(θ)}
Triple Integral in Cylindrical Coordinates
We have

x= rcosθ
TripleIntegralinCylindricalCoordinates
β g2 (θ) h 2 (r,θ )
ZZZ Z Z Z
f (x,y,z )dV = f (r cosθ,r sin θ,z )rdzdrdθ
Q α g1 (θ) h 1 (r,θ )

y= rsinθ =⇒ |J| = r

z = z
Triple Integral in Cylindrical Coordinates
Example25
Findthevolumeofthesolidregion Q cutfromthesphere
2 2 2
x + y + z =4 bythecylinder r = sin θ asshowninFigure.
Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates
x = ρsinφcosθ y = ρsinφsinθ
z = ρcosφ Figure: Spherical
block:
∆Vi ≈ ρ2i
sinφi∆ρi∆φi∆θi
Q = {(ρ,θ,φ) : ρ1 ≤ θ1 ≤ θ ≤ θ2,φ1 ≤ φ ≤
ρ ≤ ρ2, φ2}
Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates
We have

x= ρsinφcosθ
Theorem11
θ2 φ2 ρ2
ZZZ Z Z Z
f (x,y,z )dV = F (ρ,φ,θ )ρ2 sin φdρdφdθ
Q θ1 φ1 ρ1
where
F (ρ,φ,θ )= f (ρ sin φcosθ,ρ sin φsin θ,ρ cos φ).
2

y= ρsinφsinθ =⇒ |J| = ρ sinφ.

z = ρcosφ
Finding Volume in Spherical Coordinates
Example26
Findthevolumeofthesolidregion Q boundedbelowbytheupper
nappeofthecone z 2 = x 2 + y 2 andabovebythesphere
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 =9 .
Contents
1 Surfaces in Space
2 Quadric Surfaces
5 Double Integrals
Center of Mass and Moments of Inertia
Definition27
Supposethat ρ(x,y,z ) givesthemassdensityatthepoint (x,y,z ) ofa
solidregion Q .Then
ZZZ
m= ρ(x,y,z )dV isthetotalmassofthesolid.
Q
ZZZ
M yz = xρ (x,y,z )dV isthefirstmomentof yz -plane.
Q
ZZZ
M xz = yρ(x,y,z )dV isthefirstmomentof xz -plane.
Q
ZZZ
M xy = zρ(x,y,z )dV isthefirstmomentof xy -plane.
Q
− − −
The centerofmass of Q islocatedatthepoint (x, y, z ),where
− − − M yz M xz M xy
(x, y, z)= , , .
m m m
Center of Mass and Moments of Inertia
Definition28
ZZZ
IL = d2(x,y,z )ρ(x,y,z )dV isthemomentofinertiaabout
Q
L,where L canbeapoint,orastraightline,oraplane;and d is
thedistancefromapoint (x,y,z ) oftheregion Q to L.
ZZZ 2
Ix = (y + z2)ρ(x,y,z )dV isthemomentofinertiaabout
Q
x -axis.
ZZZ
Iy = (x 2 + z2)ρ(x,y,z )dV isthemomentofinertiaabout
Q
y-axis.
ZZZ
Iz = (x 2 + y2)ρ(x,y,z )dV isthemomentofinertiaabout
Q
z-axis.
ZZZ 2
Io = (x + y2 + z2)ρ(x,y,z )dV isthemomentofinertiaof Q
Q
abouttheorigin.
Moments of Inertia
Definition29
ZZZ
I xy = z2ρ(x,y,z )V isthemomentofinertiaof Q about
Q
xy -plane.
ZZZ 2
I yz = x ρ(x,y,z )dV isthemomentofinertiaof Q about
Q
yz-plane.
ZZZ 2
I xz = y ρ(x,y,z )dV isthemomentofinertiaof Q about
Q
xz -plane.
ZZZ
Io = (x 2 + y 2 + z 2)ρ(x,y,z )dV isthemomentofinertiaof Q
Q
abouttheorigin.

Finding Mass in Cylindrical Coordinates
Example30
Q givenby4x2 +4 y2 + z2 =16,lying
Findthemassoftheellipsoid
abovethexy-plane.Thedensityatapointinthesolidisproportional
tothedistancebetweenthepointandthexy-plane.
Finding a Moment of Inertia
Example31
Findthemomentofinertiaabouttheaxisofsymmetryofthesolid Q
boundedbytheparaboloidz = x2 + y2 andtheplanez =4 asshown
inFigure.Thedensityateachpointisproportionaltothedistance
betweenthepointandthez-axis.

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CHAPTERIII

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Ax 2 + By 2 + Cz 2 + Dxy + Exz + Fyz + Gx + Hy + Iz + J =0 (∗ )

Figure: Sketch the trace on the plane

Figure: Sketch the trace on the plane

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Figure: Sketch the trace on the plane z

Figure: Computer generated

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Figure: Function f(x,y) lies on regionFigure: The rectangles lying within R

Figure: Rectangular prism whose base

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If R isdefinedby c ≤ y ≤ d and h 1(y) ≤ x ≤ h 2(y) where h 1 and

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Figure: Polar sector Figure: Polar grid superimposed over region R

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Definition 16 (Moments of inertia)

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Figure: Surface z = f(x,y) over region

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CALCULUSII ITC 45 /70

Figure: Volume of longest diagonal of the boxes in the partition.

CALCULUSII ITC 2 /70

where h 1,h 2,g 1 and g2 arecontinuousfunctions.Then,

CALCULUSII ITC 2 /70

CALCULUSII ITC 2 /70

Example 24 (Determining the Limits of Integration)

Let Q be region described by

where R is the projection of Q onto the xy-plane and suppose

CALCULUSII ITC 2 /70

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