Power Electronics Lab Assignment-V

SIMULATION OF HALF WAVE CONTROLLED RECTIFIER.

OBJECTIVE:

Simulation and Analysis of Half Wave Controlled AC-DC Converter.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED:

MATLAB Simulink.

THEORY:

In ac phase control, one or more thyristor are used to control the current in an AC circuit.
The thyristor may also rectify the AC source voltage to convert it into DC.

A thyristor begins to conduct when a firing pulse is applied to the gate, providing that the
thyristor is forward biased at that time. The firing pulses are timed with respect to the phase
of the AC source voltage. In a single phase circuit, the control circuit detects the beginning
(0o) of each cycle of the AC source voltage, that is when the waveform passes through zero,
going from negative to positive, the control circuit sends firing pulses to the various
thyristors. Each pulse is delayed a certain number of degrees, so the thyristors begin to
conduct at precisely the desired point in the cycle.

Single Phase Half Wave controlled Rectifier means that the single SCR is used to convert
the AC to DC. Figure.5.1 (a) shows a half wave phase control circuit using a single
thyristor. This is a controlled rectifier supplying a passive load. During positive half cycle
of the input voltage, Thyristor is forward biased and current flows through the load when
the thyristor is fired at 𝝎𝒕 = 𝜶. The thyristor conducts only when the anode is positive with
respect to cathode and a positive gate signal is applied, otherwise, it remains in the forward
blocking state and blocks the flow of the load current.

In the negative half cycle, i.e. at 𝝎𝒕 = 𝝅, the thyristor is in the reverse biased condition and
no current flows through the load. Thus, varying the firing angle at which the thyristor
starts conducting in positive half controls the average DC output voltage. The waveforms
of the above circuit are shown in figure, the output load voltage and current is positive, i.e.
they are in one quadrant. It is called a half wave semi-converter.
Power Electronics Lab Assignment-V
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Fig5.1: Half-Wave Controlled Rectifier.

SETTING UP SIMULATION:

1) Run MATLAB software by double click on desktop icon.

2) Open blank untitled Simulink model window for creating a new model.
3) Drag and drop required blocks from Simulink library Browser window.
4) Make the circuit as shown in circuit diagram.
5) Vary the firing control and set on 30o, 60o, 90o, 1200 and 150o firing angles using
equations.

180
𝛼= ∗𝑇 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (5.1)
10𝑚𝑠

10𝑚𝑠
𝑇= ∗𝛼 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (5.2)
180

6) Observe the output waveforms for half wave and note readings of voltage across
load on different firing angles.
7) Observe the waveforms across the SCR when firing angle is 900.
Power Electronics Lab Assignment-V
HANDS ON EXERCISE:

Fill the Table.5.1 by observing the output waveforms for different firing angles.

Input AC Voltage FIRING Average Output

(Vac) ANGLE Voltage (Vdc)
𝛼 (in deg)
S.NO
Input Input Calculated Simulated
(Vrms) (Vm)

1 20V 00
2 20V 300
3 20V 600
4 20V 900

Table.5.1: Hands on Exercise Readings for Half Wave Controlled Rectifier.

REQUIRED BLOCKS AND THEIR LOCATION IN SIMULINK LIBRARY:

S.NO Block Name Block set location in the

Simulink library browser
1 AC Voltage Source Simpower/Electrical Sources
2 Detailed Thyristor Simpower/Power Electronics

3 Resistance Simpower/Elements
4 Powergui Simpower
5 Voltage & Current Simpower/Measurement
Measurement
6 Scope and Display Simulink/Sink
7 Mean Simpower/Control &
Measurements/Measurement
8 Pulse Generator Simulink/Sources
9 From , Goto & Simulink/commonly used
MUX Block
Table.5.2: Required Blocks and Their Location in Simulink Library.
Power Electronics Lab Assignment-V

PULSE GENERATOR:
The Pulse Generator block generates square wave pulses at regular intervals. The block
waveform parameters, Amplitude, Pulse Width, Period, and Phase delay, determine the
shape of the output waveform. The following figure shows how each parameter affects the
waveform.
➢ In Time-Based mode, Simulink computes
the block output only at times when the
output actually changes.

➢ In Sample-Based mode, the block

computes its outputs at fixed intervals that
you specify.
Figure.5.2: Square Waveform.

1
➢ Period =
𝑓

Where f is the source frequency.

1 𝛼
➢ Phase delay = ( )( )
𝑓 360°

Where 𝛼 is the firing angle.

Figure.5.3: Pulse Generator Parameters Block.

Power Electronics Lab Assignment-V

SIMULINK MODEL:

Figure.5.4: Half Wave Controlled Rectifier Simulation.

SCOPE OUTPUT:

Figure.5.5 (a): Scope Output for HW Controlled Rectifier (α=00).

Power Electronics Lab Assignment-V

Figure.5.5 (b): Scope Output for HW Controlled Rectifier (α=90 0).

CALCULATION:
The average DC output voltage across load is given by:

𝐸𝑚
𝑉𝐷𝐶 = (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼) 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (5.3)
2𝜋

𝐸𝑚
𝑉𝐷𝐶(𝑚𝑎𝑥) = 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (5.4)
𝜋

Average current is given by:

𝐸𝑚
𝐼𝐷𝐶 = (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼) 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (5.5)
2𝜋𝑅

And the DC output power is:

𝑃𝐷𝐶 = 𝑉𝐷𝐶 ∗ 𝐼𝐷𝐶 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (5.6)

Power Electronics Lab Assignment-V

Student Task:

1. Fill the table.5.1.

2. Plot the input signal, gate pulse and drop signal across SCR and output waveforms for
different phase angles?

NOTE: Follow the “PE_LAB_REPORT_TEMPLATE” uploaded in Class Team.