Sample of a Detailed Lesson Plan in Biology

I.                   Objectives

                  At the end of this learning session, the students should be able to:

A.    define homeostasis and identify its function and control mechanisms;

B.     appreciate how body adjusts to maintain balance in the relatively stable inner conditions;
C.     construct a diagram presenting how homeostasis works and;
D.    develop a way to keep the body in homeostasis

II.                Subject Matter    

A.    Topic: Homeostasis

B.     Instructional Materials           
     Pictures
      OHP
      Acetate
      Chalkboard

C.     References
      Marieb, Elaine N. Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology. Pearson              Education South
Asia PTE.Ltd. 2004. pp 9-11
      CD ROM: Encarta Encyclopedia 2006 

III.             Procedures

A.    Preliminary Activity
1.      Opening Prayer
2.      Checking of Attendance
3.      Mood Setting
Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

(This shall take 3 minutes) Good Morning, Ma’am!

A pleasant morning to all of you, today we

shall discuss a new topic under Chapter 1. But
before we start, I want to show you these
pictures. What can you observe in these
sketches? (The teacher shall post the pictures (students shall raise their hands)
 in the board and label it with A and B)

Yes, you are raising your hand,

Mr./Ms.______________________ Ma’am, the picture A shows that the little girl
is shivering while in picture B the boy is
That’s a good observation. Thank You sweating.
Mr./Ms.__________________

Now, all of us shiver when we feel cold and

sweat when we feel hot, but why is that so?
(students shall raise their hands)
Anyone? Okay Mr./.Ms. ______________

Ma’am for me, I think that we do these sorts

Good. So, you made mention of the word of activities in order for our system to be
balance and this word entails the concept that balanced.
we are going to discuss. That is homeostasis.

B.     Developmental Activity
Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

(This shall take 30 minutes of the learning

session)

Homeostasis comes from the root

word homeomeaning same and stasis which
means standing still.

Since I have asked you last Friday to do some

readings about Homeostasis, as an
assignment, can anyone of you share their
definition of this word?
(students raised their hands)

Yes? Mr./Ms. ______________

Homeostasis deals with the function of the
body to maintain the balance in the system
within the body itself.

Good. Homeostasis is the body’s ability to

maintain relatively stable internal conditions
despite the continuous change of condition in
the environment. But does this mean that
because of homeostasis our internal conditions
are always accurately the same? Like in our
body temperature, should it remain 37 degree
Centigrade? Can’t it be 36.8 or 37. 3?
(students raised their hands)
Yes? Mr./Ms. ______________
No, because homeostasis lets the body’s
internal condition to change and vary but it
would always remain in a dynamic state of
equilibrium.
Yes. This means that we have a set point
where the inner conditions move along its
homeostatic range; not only fixed in its point.

Since we are all aware that homeostasis is the

ability of the body to be kept in an
equilibrium state, do you think, what specific
inner conditions should be maintained in
normal state?

Yes? Mr./Ms. ______________ (students raised their hands)

Blood levels of vital nutrients

Heart activity
Thank You. Now, we see that there are many Blood pressure
factors which our body should normalize. Body temperature
These are all vital in order for us to remain
living. In relation to that we should be
familiar to the process on how homeostasis
work in our body to regulate and to maintain
the body in a balance state.

Okay, so turn your chairs around facing the

wall so you may be familiar about the
concepts and process involved within its
different control mechanisms.

Let us first start with the concepts.

We should keep in mind is that the   nervous

system and the endocrine glands are
responsible for this. These two communicate
through electrical signal via different
pathways. Therefore, these two are called
information carrier.
The variable is also regarded as the factor
being regulated.

Now, there are three components in the

homeostatic control mechanisms.
The first one is the receptor;
The second is the control center and;
 the third is the Effector.

Who wants to read their definition?

Yes. Mr./ Ms______________? (students raised their hands)

Receptor- it composes of sensors thart

 
Thank You, and the next, okay. Mr./
Ms______________?
monitor and responds to changes in the
environment.
This is responsible for sending information
gained from the stimulus to the control
center.

Control Center- it determines the level or the

And the last, yes. Mr. / Ms______________?
set point at which a variable is to be
maintained.
It is in our brain which analyzes the
information sent by the receptors and
determines an appropriate response.

Effector- this provides the means for

Okay, so to be more familiar with these the control center’s response to stimulus.
concepts, let us proceed to the process.

It would all start when there is a change. That

change is called stimulus. This is found on the
environment.

When that stimulus is received by the sensory

receptors, It would then transmit the
information to the control center. This
information is sent through the afferent
pathway. This is known as the input. Now,
when it reaches the control center, this will
try to determine if that stimulus is likely to
affect the set point or the normal state. After
that, it will make a plan, and that plan entails
the response to be performed. The control
center will transmit the information called
output to the effector along the efferent
pathway.

Now, let us suppose that it reaches already

the effector component. This then will
perform the necessary action a instructed by
the control center. Now, if the effector is
able to successfully do the action, the body
will return to its homeostatic state.

Ok so for example, the stimulus is the

environment is very hot. Let’s just imagine
that it is already summer. How would it be
processed by the homeostatic components?

Yes. Mr. / Ms. _______________?

(students raised their hands)

When the receptor, sensed that it is hot, it

 Very good. So think that you already
understand the process within the
homeostatic control mechanisms. So lets jump
on to the types on control mechanisms.
will send a message to the brain. The brain
then will instruct the muscles what to do. It is
possible that the person will sweat so as to
keep his body temperature in balance.

Actually there are two. Who wants to give me

the first?

Yes. Mr./ Ms. __________________.

Okay and the second? Yes. Mr./ Ms. (students raised their hands)
___________________.
Positive Feedback Mechanisms
Thank you, so how do these two differ?
Who has any idea?
Negative Feedback Mechanisms

Yes Mr. / Ms. ___________________.

(students raised their hands)
Okay, well said. So the negative feedback
mechanism is the one which activates when
The positive feedback tolerates while the
there is excessive heart rate, blood pressure,
negative stops.
breathing rate and blood levels of glucose
oxygen, carbon dioxide and minerals. You may
write this down.

Like, when you ran, the intensity of the

breathing rate is high, isn’t it that it slows
down until your breathing is normal? So that’s
how negative feedback mechanism or NFM
works.

But, let me clear this class, NFM is always

normal. Although it was called negative, it
does not mean that it harms the body.
Additionally, this is more common in our body.

The positive feedback mechanism, however, is

very rare. This then handles the infrequent
events like blood clotting and birth of a
baby.  

But what causes the imbalance in our body?

Any idea?

Yes. Mr. / Ms. ________________.

Okay.  So as we age, we encounter different

stimulus in the environment. Some may be
(students raised their hands)
accumulated through time, some are not. Like
the second hand smokers, they acquire
Because the environment is changing, like the
nicotine in their lungs and that is
temperature.
accumulated. The toxic does not easily goes
out of the body. The food also, when we
digested it, there are fecal materials which
should be released, otherwise it would be
poisoning the body. Homeostasis is also in
charge of those tasks.

Okay. So, are there any questions?

Perhaps, the lesson becomes easy because you

 all did your assignments, very well.

Now to generalize the whole discussion, here

is the movie clip that would synthesize the
learning we have today. Kindly turn off the
light please. None.

(Movie clip run time 2 minutes)

C.     Application
Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

So for your activity, I want you to get a one (Students get their papers and starts
whole sheet of pad paper. answering)

I would like you to write a paragraph about

this title, “Homeostasis— because of you, my
body is Healthy.”
It’s just like a letter, say everything about
what you feel on having this, and just think as
though that homeostasis is a person taking
care of you. Also include your thoughts on
how would you take care of this body
function.  

In the back of your letter, make your own

diagram on how homeostasis work with an
example. It should be complete.

You may start now.

This shall be for 20 minutes. (Students pass their papers)

Are you all done? Okay, kindly pass all your

papers in front.
 D.    Evaluation

Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

(This shall take 5 minutes)

So for your quiz, get a 1/4 sheet of pad paper (Students get papers)
and number it from 1 to 15.

Ready? Okay. These are the questions. I’ll only

repeat it twice, so please listen carefully.

1. It is the one who receives the information Answers:

from the environment. 1. Receptors
2. What is the factor being regulated by 2. variables
homeostatic mechanisms? 3. output
3. What do you call the process of control
4. blood pressure
center where in the information is sent to the
5. heart activity
effector?
4.-7 Give examples of variables which are 6. body temperature
being regulated. 7. wastes
8-9. What are the two feedback mechanisms 8. positive feedback mechanism –
and differentiate each. Key points will do. infrequent events
10-12. What are the three components of
9. negative feedback mechanism-
homeostatic control mechanism?
     requires continuous adjustment to 
13-14. What are the two information carriers?
     reduce the intensity or shut down the
 15. Give the definition of homeostasis.
     effect of the stimulus
10. receptors
All done? Pencils up.
11. control center/brain
Now pass your papers. I’ll give you the result 12. effector/muscles
tomorrow. 13. blood
14. hormone
15. It is the body’s ability to maintain
relatively stable internal conditions.

IV.             Assignment
Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity
So for your assignment, read about the cells. (Students take notes)

 That’s it for now. Hope you learn something

today. God bless.  Goodbye and Thank you, Ma’am.