PIPELINE ASSIGNMENT

SJ Poston
16182414
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Table of Contents page 1

Declaration page 2

Design Parameters page 3

Research & Assumptions page 4

Revised Pipeline Data page 5

Material Selection & Class Selection page 6

Pipe Diameters & Calculations page 7

EPANET Validation page 9

Valve Placement page 11

Thrust Block page 12

Conclusion page 13

Bibliography page 13

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DECLARATION

I, the undersigned hereby declare that:

 I understand what plagiarism is and I am aware of the University’s policy in this

regard;
 The work contained in this thesis is my own original work;
 I did not refer to work of current or previous students, lecture notes, handbooks,
or any other study material without proper referencing;
 Where other people’s work has been used this has been properly acknowledged
and referenced;
 I have not allowed anyone to copy any part of my thesis;
 I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted this thesis at any
university for a degree.

DISCLAIMER:

The work presented in this report is that of the student alone. Students were encouraged to
take ownership of their projects and to develop and execute their experiments with limited
guidance and assistance. The content of the research does not necessarily represent the
views of the supervisor or any staff member of the University of Pretoria, Department of Civil
Engineering. The supervisor did not read or edit the final report and is not responsible for
any technical inaccuracies, statements, or errors. The conclusions and recommendations
given in the report are also not necessarily that of the supervisor, sponsors or companies
involved in the research. 

Signature of student:

Name of student: Samuel Poston

Student number: 16182414

Date: 17/06/2020

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DESIGN PARAMETERS

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Design Schematic:

Swartkop
Reservoir Offtake

87.45 m

Rietpoort
Line 3 Reservoir

Line 2
Line 1

8450.50 m 17500.00 m

Figure 1: Schematic of Pipeline

Flow (Q):
Line 1: Swartkop Reservoir to Offtake

Q1 = 10 Ml/day = (10x106) / (24x60x60)

Q1 = 115.7407 l/s

Line 2: Offtake to Rietpoort Reservoir

Q2 = 12 Ml/day = (12x106) / (24x60x60)

Q2 = 138.8889 l/s

Line 3: Offtake

Q3 = 2 Ml/day ~ Not necessary for assignment

RESEARCH & ASSUMPTIONS

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Pressure Pipes:

Figure 2: Dimensions of mPVC Pressure Pipe according to Sizabantu Catalogue

LINK: http://sizabantupipingsystems.com/wp-content/uploads/DOWNLOADS/mPVC%20uPVC%20Catalogue.pdf

Formulae (WRC Report):

Static Head: Hs = hf

λL v 2
Darcy-Weisbach: h f =
2 gD
1 3.7 D
Friction Factor: =2 log ⁡( )
√λ Ks

Flow: Q=vA

π 2
Area: A= D
4

Assumptions:
 mPVC – Absolute Roughness [Ks] = 0.03mm
 Secondary Losses are negligible.
 Turbulent Flow => Re > 4000
 Length of Pipe is effectively horizontal distance of pipe due to low slope.
 Cost is not a factor in material selection.
 Soil bearing capacities is 5000kPa for thrust block design.

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REVISED PIPELINE DATA
Ground Pipe Pipe Pipe
Nod Distance Reservoir Static
level Description Slope Length Flow Flow
e [m] level [m] Head [m]
[m] [m] [l/s] [m³/s]
#           L Hs Q Q
1834.2 Swartkop
1 0.00 1839   0 0 115.741 0.116
8 Reservoir
1785.1
2 772.41   P1 -49.17 772.41 53.89 115.741 0.116
1
1803.8
6 1504.88   P2 18.72 732.47 35.17 115.741 0.116
3
1706.0
10 4985.92   P3 -97.82 3481.04 132.99 115.741 0.116
1
1710.4
11 5381.86   P4 4.47 395.94 128.52 115.741 0.116
8
1669.3
14 7020.85   P5 -41.13 1638.99 169.65 115.741 0.116
5
1670.0
15 7149.46   P6 0.70 128.61 168.95 115.741 0.116
5
1669.5
16 7379.11   P7 -0.53 229.65 169.48 115.741 0.116
2
1675.1
18 7903.26   P8 5.67 524.15 163.81 115.741 0.116
9
1666.8
19 8074.71   P9 -8.36 171.45 172.17 115.741 0.116
3
1674.7
20 8330.95   P10 7.88 256.24 164.29 115.741 0.116
1
1685.1 Take Off Point
21 8450.50   10.41 119.55 153.88 115.741 0.116
2 (P11)
1698.7
23 8994.85   P12 13.64 544.35 140.24 138.889 0.139
6
1684.0
25 9200.21   P13 -14.70 205.36 154.94 138.889 0.139
6
1693.6
26 9704.90   P14 9.60 504.69 145.34 138.889 0.139
6
1685.0
28 10105.13   P15 -8.61 400.23 153.95 138.889 0.139
5
1687.6
29 10303.44   P16 2.55 198.31 151.40 138.889 0.139
0
1686.2
31 10557.84   P17 -1.35 254.40 152.75 138.889 0.139
5
1708.3
33 11007.96   P18 22.09 450.12 130.66 138.889 0.139
4
1706.7
34 11097.14   P19 -1.58 89.18 132.24 138.889 0.139
6
1810.3
37 12804.80   P20 103.54 1707.66 28.70 138.889 0.139
0
1682.3
45 18959.03   P21 -127.91 6154.23 156.61 138.889 0.139
9
1695.9
46 19254.88   P22 13.59 295.85 143.02 138.889 0.139
8
1665.5
47 21656.72   P23 -30.39 2401.84 173.41 138.889 0.139
9
1689.4
51 22653.91   P24 23.89 997.19 149.52 138.889 0.139
8
1672.0
53 23107.42   P25 -17.40 453.51 166.92 138.889 0.139
8
1734.4
58 24583.50   P26 62.32 1476.08 104.60 138.889 0.139
0
1723.9
60 24981.29   P27 -10.42 397.79 115.02 138.889 0.139
8
1746.8 Rietpoort
62 25950.50 1750 26.02 969.21 92.17 138.889 0.139
3 Reservoir

Table 1: Revised Pipeline Data

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 1850
Swartkop Pipeline

1800

1750
Elevation (m)

1700

1650

1600

1550
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000
Distance (m)

Figure 3: Revised Cross-Section of Swartkop Pipeline

MATERIAL SELECTION & CLASS SELECTION

Material Selection

The selected material throughout the pipeline will be m-PVC.

The material will be supplied by Sizabantu Piping Systems in reference to the

catalogue in Figure 1 (on page 4).

The m-PVC material has a great range of sizes and can withstand the pressures
within the pipe system.

Class Selection

Class varies throughout the system from Class 6 to Class 20. In Table 2(below) you
can see what class each pipe has.

Material and Class Selection

P3 mPVC Class 12
P4 mPVC Class 12
P5 mPVC Class 20
Material Class
Description P6 mPVC Class 20
Selection Selection
P7 mPVC Class 20
   Sizabantu   P8 mPVC Class 20
P9 mPVC Class 20
Swartkop Reservoir     P10 mPVC Class 20
Take Off Point(P11) mPVC Class 16
P1 mPVC Class 6
Description Material Class
P2 mPVC Class 6

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 Selection Selection P21 mPVC Class 16
P12 mPVC Class 16 P22 mPVC Class 16
P13 mPVC Class 16 P23 mPVC Class 16
P14 mPVC Class 16 P24 mPVC Class 16
P15 mPVC Class 16 P25 mPVC Class 16
P16 mPVC Class 16 P26 mPVC Class 12
P17 mPVC Class 16 P27 mPVC Class 12
P18 mPVC Class 16 Rietpoort Reservoir mPVC Class 12
P19 mPVC Class 16
P20 mPVC Class 6

Table 2: Material and Class Selection for each pipe

PIPE DIAMETERS & CALCULATIONS

Pipe Diameters
Description Diameter [mm]

Swartkop Reservoir  
P1 315
P2 315
P3 315
P4 315
P5 315
P6 315
P7 315
P8 315
P9 315
P10 315
Take Off Point (P11) 315
P12 400
P13 400
P14 400
P15 400
P16 400
P17 400
P18 400
P19 400
P20 400
P21 400
P22 400
P23 400
P24 400
P25 400
P26 400
P27 400
Rietpoort Reservoir 400

Table 3: Pipe Diameters

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Calculations
Originally, I did a calculation to determine the optimum pipe diameter for the given Pipe Flow.
Through trial and error, I determined the correct pipe diameter when H f < Hs.

This was done using the following formulas:

1 3.7 D λL v 2 ; A= π D 2 ; Q=vA
: =2 log ⁡( ); hf =
√λ Ks 2 gD 4

Herewith are the table values for the calculated “Optimum Diameter” for each pipe:

Table 3: Optimum Diameters for each Pipe.

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Table 4: Additional Calculations after Pipe Diameter was selected

In Table 4, the selected pipe diameter was used to determine Area, Velocity, Friction Factor,
Friction Losses, Velocity Head, Pressure Head and Pressure for the pipeline system.

EPANET VALIDATION

Figure 4: EPANET profile with Flow and Pressure Head

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Table 5: EPANET Summary of Nodes showing Pressure at each junction.

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Table 6: EPANET Summary of Velocities, Friction Factors and Flow Rates.

EPANET VS MY CALCULATIONS

In summary, the EPANET vs my calculations differ from the original optimum diameters I used.
EPANET’s worked out my flow to be quite small hence the change to much larger diameters
(315mm and 400mm). Once the change was done the calculations match up. The flow rate on
EPANET is larger than that required by the pipelines needs, which is good.

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VALVE PLACEMENT

Isolating Valves

Figure 5: Isolating Valve Placement

Scour Valves

Figure 6: Scour Valve Placement

Air Valves

Air Valves should be placed every 200m. As well as after scour valves.

Control Valves

Figure 7: Air Valve Placement

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THRUST BLOCK DESIGN

Figure 8: UP Thrust Calculation on Thrust Block

Figure 9: Thrust Block Hand Calculation

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CONCLUSION
The selected pipe material will be strong enough to withstand the pressures in the system. The
selected classes for the pipe diameters are sufficient for the system.
EPANET is a good software to use to analyse your pipe system. In relation to optimum
calculations you can see that sometimes software is better to use than your hand calculations.
The valve placements for scour, isolating, air and control valves are in strategic places to allow
sufficient maintenance.
The Thrust Block does not have to be that large to withstand the pressure in the pipes.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Sizabantu Catalogue: http://sizabantupipingsystems.com/wp-

content/uploads/DOWNLOADS/mPVC%20uPVC%20Catalogue.pdf

WRC Report(2016): http://www.wrc.org.za/about-us/annual-reports/

Hydraulics Theme 7 Lecture Notes: Check ClickUp

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