INFRASTRUCTURE

One of the biggest tasks in a pandemic era is to find a realize better transport the system. Public
networks . High deinsity and concentration of people will make handicap of propirate network systems .
Ensuring distance and take care of themselves , citizens encourage to walk and cycle . We can seize this
opportunity to improve how we build, organise and use cities

STRATEGIES TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM SINCE 1923 FOR INSPIRATION

CHIRSTOPHER LOCHER PLAN

In 1924 first plane of Ankara was made by C. Locher he introduced concept of Garden city . In first
phase , at 1924 he made a plan of Old city ( Ulus ) and in second phase plan for New city Kizila. Kızılay
Square as Cumhuriyet or Kurtuluş Square was taken a shape of traffic intersection and was defined as a
square on which theatres and qualified buildings of the city were concentrated. It established the
foundation of pattern in which new central functions to be created in both Kızılay and Ulus. According to
Lörcher Plan, the city was realized on the direction of north-south direction through Atatürk Boulevard ,
İstasyon Street and Talatpaşa Boulevard planned between İstasyon and Cebeci were also realized in this
period.

JANSEN PLAN

Intelectual background of Jansen’s strategies is that he proposed that the city should reflect its
appearance of a capital city with large administrative areas, large boulevards and squares . Ulus is
choosed for commercial center of Ankara , Kizilay was choosed as an administrative center . As
important factor of city , Ankara has developed at the south part of railway . Güvenpark and Atatürk
Boulevard became the most active recreation centers of the city . Atatürk Boulevard was still the main
connection between Ulus and Kızılay .

The Uybadin-Yücel Plan Period

Atatürk Boulevard still was the only connection between two center , the most important contribution
of this plan for road network was the realization of Eskişehir Road .This plan proposed Eskişehir Road for
the western part of the city.

AMANPB

AMANPB has also crucial effects on the projects on pedestrians and urban public transportation.
Segregated bus lanes between Dikimevi and Beşevler, and Kızılay Pedestrians Region (EGO, 1995) were
realized as proposed in AMANPB. Despite all these efforts, AMANPB, like previous efforts, could not
prevent unauthorized development.

STRUCTURE PLAN BY METU

They said that this plan is one of most integrated plan with transportation system. As for the
transportation system, it proposed decentralization depending on public transportation. Kızılay dealt
with many urban transportation problems. in 1978, as a response to the conflict between vehicle and
pedestrian, a pedestrianization project for Sakarya Street and its environs as a part of “Pedestrian
Region Projects” was realized . Except for Sakarya Street and its environs, İzmir Street and its environs
( Fevzi Çakmak I and II, Sümer I and II, Menekşe I and II , and Şehit Adem Yavuz Streets) with Yüksel
Street and its environs ( Konur I and Karanfil Streets) were proposed to be pedestrianized. • In
addition, to keep traffic away from Kızılay Square, the Greater Municipality has orientated vehicle traffic
into Meşrutiyet and Necatibey Roads.

TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IN ANKARA

ASTI-MAIN BUS TERMINAL

The city has a dense public bus network, a two-line subway called Ankara Metrosu and a single line
suburban railway called Ankara Banliyö Treni.-bus terminal is the hub of the country’s road transport
network, with bus serviceto all points at all hours of the day and much of the night. public
transportation, especially the metro, is an ideal, easy, quick and cheap way to get around particularly for
longer distances. For shorter distances taxis are an easy, quick and cheap way to get around. Dolmuş are
private run minibuses. They are as common as buses and run on their specific routes.

ANKARA GAR

- Ankara is also the centre of the Turkish rail network and can be reached from many cities. Train -has
good service to points east and south of the capital, including daytime and overnight trains to İzmir, and
a train all the way to eastern Turkey:

AIRPORT

Ankara Esenboğa International Airport (ESB) is located some 28 km northeast of the city.It’s connected
with Asti and Ankara gar . The train station is located north of Kızılay Square, which it is connected to by
a wide number of public buses which stop at right in front of the station. About 10 minutes walk, on the
other side of Gençlik Park, is Ulus metro station which has services to a number of central locations in
the city in addition to Kızılay.

METRO/ANKARAY

Ankara has two underground trains: the Metro and Ankaray lines.

The pandemic and shelter-in-place measures have had the very clear effect of shutting down most
transportation — flying, using public transit, and commuting to work — temporarily. But it looks like the
crisis could have a more unpredictable and longer-lasting impact on some forms of mobility and shared
services. Public transport has been reduced and the bus, tram and train lines that still operate are used
by only a handful of people. The big question is what will happen once the crisis is over. Will traffic
return to normal, or could the pandemic spark a lasting change in urban mobility?

The relationship between health and mobility has multiple dimensions . Especialy in urban areas ,
motorized traffic , and particulary private vehicles , causes most air and noise pollution , the two main
environmental health treats . Car-focused urban planning that gives the majority of public psace to
roads and parking also contributrs to the heat island effect , sedentary lifestyles and lack of green
spaces.
Mobility has been drastically altered by the COVID-19 crisis .The use of public transport has collapsed for
fear of the high risk of transmission . Distancing measuers are problematic -1.5-2m.

Air pollution is starting to be linked with COVID-19 disease, preliminary evidence suggest higher
mortality in more polluted areas . This idea give us critical opportunity to make lasting positive changes
and more active and sustainable urban mobility solutions .

For many , including essential workers , public transport is the only viable option for daily mobility .
Health conditions during in the pandemic . Goverments and traffic authorities must work together to
providea sufficient level of service while maintaining safe conditions . Reducing overcrowding by
increasing public transport and controlling the number getting on , improving ventilation , disinfecting
public transport each day .

Promotion of the rational use of private transport , taxis and shared vehicle services

Single occupancy offers mobility while maintaining a physical distance and so reducing the risk of
transmission but comes at the cost of high space occupancy . Cities with high traffic volumes before
pandemic will struggle to manage an increase in circulation , and this will limit active transport .

Taxis and shared vehicle services such as UBER and CABIFY offer a more flexible option for people who
may need to use cars .

Technology is a key asset for mobility management . Smart applications can help people to find optiml
routes .

PUBLIC SPACE AND ACTIVE TRANSPORT

1. Expand the frequencies

2. Use fences and signs to limith capacity in carriages and at stations , in halls and entrances

3. Organise the underground service with booking systems with capacity

4. Expand the public space occupied by bus stops / shelters

Seven things city leaders can do to drive a green, fair recovery from Covid-19

Remove through motor traffic from residential streets and extend pavements near shops, schools and
parks to make walking safe and enjoyable for transport and exercise.

Introduce safe access routes on foot, bike and scooter from homes to parks and green spaces and
introduce automatic pedestrian lights at crossings so people do not have to push buttons and risk
infection.

Establish safe cycle routes to and from work for key workers, especially hospital staff, by closing roads
and carriageways where necessary so people have a safe alternative to private cars and public transport.

Create safe walking and cycling routes to and from schools, and close down streets around schools to
motor vehicles at drop-off and pickup times.
Use libraries, schools and sports stadiums to distribute nutritious, sustainably produced food to
communities that need it most, and scale up food waste collection and treatment, including distributing
household composting kits and guidance.

Retrofit all public buildings, many of which are empty now, drastically improving energy efficiency and
creating thousands of green jobs.

Work with other cities to invest the billions tied up in city funds and pensions in climate solutions to
drive green job creation and create a more resilient and sustainable economy.

LANDSCAPE

To implement green spaces, cities can look into playgrounds, parks and community gardens. Mass
initiatives for planting trees can also be effective. For instance, city developers can use mechanically
stabilized earth (MSE) in a community garden to enforce it as part of the infrastructure. With structures
like this one, green space becomes more of a standard necessity than a display

Risks of overcrowding

COVID-19 and similar viruses are passed on through contaminated moisture droplets from sneezing,
coughing or heavy breathing. This means that people living in the same household as someone with the
virus have a high likelihood of contracting it.

The Power of Parks in a Pandemic

For city residents, equitable access to local green space is more than a coronavirus-era amenity. It’s
critical for physical, emotional, and mental health.

Parks aren’t usually in the news this much.

With half of the world now living under lockdown, the ability to go outside and get some fresh air has
never been so important, or so fiercely contested. As those who can afford to do so converge on green
spaces, seeking exercise and solace amid the coronavirus pandemic, parks have become stages for
collective joy, anxiety, and social-distancing infringement crackdowns. The multiplicity of benefits parks
have always offered us — physical and mental health relief, community building, and free public open
space in tight, increasingly privatized urban quarters — seem not only like an added bonus right now,
but rather, a critical lifeline for cities and their residents