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SURVEYING 2018

23 Sep 2019 (Morning Session)

2018 67. Offsets are of two types —————.

23 Sep 2019 (Morning Session) (a) Horizontal and curved oblique

42. What is the common scale adopted in the (b) Straight and oblique
form of a representative fraction for the
(c) Horizontal and vertical
forest map?
(d) Perpendicular and oblique
(a) 1/10000
Solution: (d)
(b) 1/100
Offset: these are lateral measurement made w.r.t.
(c) 1/25000 chain line which may be oblique or perpendicu-
lar in nature.
(d) 1/1000
68. Gunter’s chain is ———— m long.
Solution: (c)
(a) 21.12

Generally used scales for measurement purpose are :

(b) 20.12
S.N. Type of Scale Scales R.F. value
(c) 22.12
1. Cadastral map 1 cm = 5 m to 0.25 km 1 1
to
500 5000
(d) 23.12
2. Topographical map 1 cm = 2.5 km 1
or less
(a) Buildings 1 cm = 10 m or less 5000
1 1
Solution: (b)
(b) Town planning 1 cm = 50 m to 100 m JE
to
5000 10,000
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(i) Surveying chain: Used where very high accu-
( c)Location map 1 cm = 50 m to 200 m 1 1
to
5000 20, 000
racy is not required
(d) Small Scale 1 cm = 0.25 km to 2.5 km 1 1
to
Topographic Survey 25,000 2,50, 000
(e) Mines 1 cm = 10 m to 25 m
Revenue Gunter’s chain Engineer’s Metric chain
chain (surveyor chain) chain 100 ft long
(f) Forest Scale 1 cm = 0.25 km 33 ft 66 ft (100 links)
(16 link) (100 link) 30 m 20 m
3. Preliminary survey of rails 1 cm = 10 m to 60 m
(150 links) (100 links)
& roads

Special Points: As per IS specifications, every

A good draughtsman can plot a length to within metre length of the chain should individually be
0.25 mm. accurate to within ± 2mm when measured under a
tension of 80 Newton (8 kg).
2018 (a) 1 mile = 80 Gunter’s chain
(b) 1 acre = 10 × (Gunter’s chain)2
23 Sep 2019 (Evening Session)
(c) The overall length of chain should be within
43. In a geodetic survey the surface of the the limits given below
earth is considered: (i) 20 m ± 5 mm for 20 m chain.
(ii) 30 m ± 8 mm for 30 m chain.
(a) Inclined
(b) Horizontal
2018
(c) Vertical
25 Sep 2019 (Morning Session)
(d) Curved
69. A 30 m tape was tested before a survey
Solution: (d) and found to have a length of 29.93 m. If

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the length of a line measured with this tape true bearing of line is:
is 270 m, find the true length of the line.
(a) 129° 30’
(a) 272.23 m
(b) 50° 30’
(b) 273.99 m
(c) 30°
(c) 269.37 m
(d) 39° 30’
(d) 274.18 m
Solution: (d)
Solution: (c)

Incorrect chain length L = 29.93 mm TN

MN
True length of chain, L = 30 m
A
Measured length of survey line l’ = 270 m 

L¢ W E
So, true length of line = Measured length ×
L

270 ´ 29.93
= = 269.37 m
30
 = Declination = 3°45’
JE
70. In chain surveying work of a traverse, it MANTRA
is necessary to apply the correction due T.B = MB + 
to sag for the tape. The correction is:
= 35°45’ + 3°45’
(a) Dependent on the temperature conditions
= 39°30’
(b) Always negative
2018
(c) Always positive
25 Sep 2019 (Morning Session)
(d) Either negative or positive
44. If the observed fore bearing of line AB is
Solution: (b) 202°30’, then the back bearing is:
Sag Correction (Cs) (a) 67°30’
2 3
wl (b) 22°30’
Cs  
24 p 2
(c) 157°30’
p = applied pull
w = weight of tape per unit length in N/m (d) 112°3-0’
l = length of tape suspended between Solution: (b)
supports
Fore bearing = 202°30’
Back bearing = F.B. – 180° (If FB > 180)
2018
= 202°30’ – 180°
23 Sep 2019 (Morning Session)
= 22°30’
43. The magnetic bearing of a line is found as
35° 45’. If the declination is 3° 45’ E, the 45. In a compass surveying, if the whole

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circule bearing of a line is 237°45’, then (i) Telescope is fitted with an anallactic lens.
its quadrantal bearing is: (ii) Additive constant (c) should be zero.
(iii) Multiplying constant (K) should be 100,
(a) S 57° 45’ W (iv) Eyepiece has high magnification power.
(b) S 47° 45’ E Triangulation: It is a network of triangles which
are used for control network in which only one base
(c) S32° 15’ E line is measured & remaining sides are only calculated
(d) S 32° 15’E by measuring angles.
 Satellite station is an auxillary theodolite station
Solution: (a)
taken near an inaccessible main station.
 Main characteristic of Triangulation station is
that they should be intervisible from each other.

32. While using a theodolite, how to change

237°45 the reading on the horizontal circle while
O
W E measuring an horizontal angle?
(a) Upper clamp is tightened and lower clamp
is loosened
A
S (b) Both, upper and lower clamp are tight-
237°45 – 180° = 57°45 ened.

(c) Both, upper and lower clamp are loosened

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237°45’ – 180° = 57°45’ (d) Upper clamp is loosened and lower clamp
is tightened.
 Quadrantal bearing is S 57°45’ W
Solution: (d)
2018
33. A smart station is:
23 Sep 2019 (Morning Session)
(a) A total station with an integrated GPS mod-
31. Which method of surveying distance and
ule
elevation involves measuring the vertical
angle to the graduation on staff using the (b) A total station with software to calculate
principle of trigonometry? and display many quantities

(a) Traversing (c) A total station attached to a computer

(b) Trigonometrical (d) A total station with display units on both

sides.
(c) Triagulation
Solution: (a)
(d) Tacheometry
• A smart station is an integration of total station
Sol. (d)
with a GPS (Global Postitioning System).
It is an optical distance measurement method.
Generally used for rough or steep grounds where • It can be used for a variety of surveying purpose
accuracy is less while chaining (taping) ranging from first order triangulation to setting or
Tacheometer: Transit theodolite fitted with Stadia works.
diaphragm. d2018

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23 Sep 19 (Morning Session) (a) Cc = 0.785 D2

54. Which of the following qualities is desir- (b) Cc = 0.0136 D2

able in a good surveyor’s telescope?
(c) Cc = 0.673 D2
(a) Spherical aberration
(d) Cc = 0.0112 D2
(b) Achromatism
Solution: (c)
(c) Very high magnification
Effect of Curvature of Earth and Retraction
(d) Chromatic aberration
d2
 Curvature: CC = – = – 0.0785d2.
Solution: (b) 2R
1  d2 
Optical Defects of Lens  Refraction: Cr = 7  2R 
(i) Spherical Aberration: It occurs as the rays inci-  
dent on the edge of the lens are refracted more  Final Combination Correction: C = Cc + Cr = –
than rays incident on the centre of the lens. 6  d2  2
(ii) Chromatic Aberration: It occurs due to disper-   = – 0.06735d
7  2R 
sion of light. White light is split into different
colour components.  Distance of Visible Horizon

Special Points: An aplantic combination of lens d = 3.85 h , d = in km and h = in meter..

(two identical plano convex lenses) is free from
2018
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spherical aberration. Most commonly used eye pieceMANTRA
is the Ramsaden eye piece. 25 Sep 2019 Morning Session
An achromatic combination (convex lens of crown
57. In leveling work, the rise and fall method
glass & concave lens flint glass) is free from chromatic
aberration of computation provides an arithmetic
check on:

55. Which one is the disadvantage of internal (a) Fore sight and intermediates sight
focusing Telescope?
(b) Fore sight and back sight
(a) The telescope is more balanced during op-
(c) Back sight, intermediate sight and fore
eration
sight
(b) The line of collimation is less attached
(d) Back sight and intermediate sight
while focusing.
Solution: (c)
(c) There is no movement of sliding tubes.

(d) There are two separate tubes.

58. A line of levels has been run from a bench
Solution: (d) mark of elevation + 125.42 m and ends at
another bench mark of elevation +125.45
m the sum of back sights is 17.58 m and
the sum of foresights is 17.61 m. The clos-
2018 ing error in the survey work is:

23 Sep 209 (Evening Session) (a) 0.06 m

56. An error due to the earth’s curvature and (b) 0.06 m

refraction is to be corrected using: (c) –0.03 m

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(d) 0.03 m

Solution: (a) (a) 1718.9 × R

Elevation of bench mark = 125.42 m (b) 1718.9/R

Sum of fore sight = 17.61 m (c) 1145.92/R

Sum of back sight = 17.58 m (d) 1145.92 × R

Elevation of end station = 125. 45 m Sol.: (b)

Also, elevation of final point. Degree of Curve: It is the angle substended at

the centre by an arc or chord of a specified length.
= B.M. elevation + B.S. – F.S.  Chord definition is used in case of railways.
= 125.42 + (17.58 – 177.61)  Arc definition is usde in case of highways.
Arc definition Chord definition
= 125.39 m
30 m arc 20 m arc 30 m chord 20 m chord
So, closing error = Computed R.L. – Known RL
1719 1146 15 1714
= 125.39 – 125.45 R= R= R= =
D D sin D/2 D
= –0.06
10 1146
R= =
59. A levelling work was carried out along a sin D/2 D
falling gradient using a dumpy level and a 2018
levelling staff of 3 m length. The follow-
ing successive reading were taken: 1.152, 23 Sep 2019 (Evening Session)
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2.74, 075. 1.79 m. What is the correct or- 24. Which of the following methods is used to
der of booking the four readings in the calculate area between irregular bound-
field book? (BS: back sight, FS: fore sight, aries?
IS: Infermediate sight)
(a) Simpson’s rule
(a) BS, IS, FS, BS
(b) Departure and total latitude method
(b) BS, FS, BS, FS
(c) Double parallel distance
(c) BS, FS, IS, FS
(d) Area by geometric method
(d) BS, IS, BS, FS
Sol. (a)
Solution: (b)
Simpson's one-third rule=
• Since, the ground is failling continuously staff d
[(o1  on )  4(o2  o4  ...  on 1 )  2(o3  o5  ...  on 2 )]
reading should increase continuously 3
1st reading = BS = 1.55 m Note: Simpson’s Three Point formula

2nd reading > 1st reading = FS = 2.74 m d

A= [h1  4h 2  h 3 ]
3
3rd reading = FS = 1.79 m  This rule is more accurate than previous rules &
2018 based on assumption that the figures are trapezoi-
dal.
23 Sep 2019 (Evening Session)  It should be clear that this rule is applicable only
when No. of divisions of area is even.
9. The degree of curve for a 30 m chain is:

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(a) Short length of boundries between two h
adjacent ordinates is a parabolic arch. V= ((O1 + O n ) + 4(O 2 + O 4 ...) + 2(O3 + O5 ...))
3
(b) If there are even no. of offsets, then area upto
the second last segment is calculated by
2
Simpson’s rule & for the last segment = ´ ((2000 + 816) + (1344)
3
trapezodal rule is used.
= 5461 m3

2018 2018

23 Sep 2019 (Morning Session) 23 Sep 2019 (Evening Session)

25. What is the volume of earthwork for con- 19. Which shaped lines indicates the presence
structing a tank that is excavated in level of a ridge?
ground to a depth of 4 m? The top of the (a) S-shaped
tank is rectangular in shape having an area
of 50 m × 40 m and the side slope of the (b) Z-shaped
tank is 2 : 1 (horizontal : vertical). (c) L-shaped
3
(a) 5461 m (d) U-shaped
(b) 8866 m3 (d)
(c) 5632 m 3
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(d) 6688 m3 23 Sep 2019 (Morning Session)
Solution: (a) 3. What are the errors that cannot be elimi-
nated in surveying?
40 m Top (a) Errors due to natural causes
50 m
4m (b) Personal erros
1
2 2 24 m Bottom (c) Instrumental erros
8m 8m 34 m (d) Random errors
Sol. (d)
Using simpson’s 1/3rd rule.
Error in chaining: Errors in chaining are classified
A0 40 × 50
as follows:
1. Compensating errors (Random errors)
A1
2. Cumulative errors (systematic errors)
Cumulative errors (systematic errors)
A2
 The cumulative errors are proportional to the length
24 × 34
of the line & may be positive or negative.
 These are the errors which are liable to occur in
A0 = 40 × 50 = 2000 m2 the same direction & tend to accumulate.
A1 = 32 × 42 = 1344 m2 Compensating errors (Random errors)
 Compensating errors (Random Error) are propor-
A2 = 24 × 34 = 816 m2 tional to the square root of the length of the line.
 These are the errors which are liable to occur in

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both the directions & tend to compensate.

Cases Errors
In correct length of tape Cumulative + or –
Tape not stretched horizontally Cumulative +
Error due to sag Cumulative +
Tape not stretched tight & Cumulative +
straight, but both ends in line
Error due to temperature Cumulative + or –
Variation in pull Compensating + or –
Error in marking tape lengths Compensating + or –
Disturbing arrows after they are set Blunder
Errors in reading the tape Mistake
Incorrect counting of tape length Blunder
Careless holding & marking Compensating + or –

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