Name Rakan Alnasser

Assignment no 3
Question No.1:
For some hypothetical metal, the equilibrium number of vacancies at 600C is 11025 m−3. If the
density and atomic weight of this metal are 7.40 g/cm3 and 85.5 g/mol, respectively, calculate the
fraction of vacancies for this metal at 600C.Enter your answer using scientific notation.

Answer:

Fraction of vacancies = 1.919 x 10−4

Justification:

Solution:

This problem is solved using two steps:

(1) calculate the total number of lattice in Metal

( 6.02∗1023 ) atm ∗ 7.40 g ∗(10 6 cm3 )

( mol ) ( )
= cm3 m3
(85.5 g/mol)

N = 5.21029 x 1028 (atom/m3)

N
The fraction of vacancies is equal to the which is computed as follow
Nv
Nv = 1 x 1025 m−3

N = 5.21029 x 1028 (atom/m3)

Nv 1 x 1025
= = 1.919 x 10−4
N 5.21029 x 1028
Question N0.2
Calculate the number of vacancies per cubic meter for some metal at 750°C. The energy for
vacancy formation is 0.73 eV/atom While the density and atomic weight for this metal are 8.95
g/cm3(at 750°C) and 68.62 g/mol, respectively.

Answer:

1.9939 x 1025 m−3.

Justification:

Solution:

T = 750+273= 1023k

( 6.02∗1023 ) atm ∗ 8.95 g ∗( 106 cm 3 )

( mol ) ( )
= cm3 m3
(68.62 g/mol)

N = 7.851 x 1028 (atom/m3)

 −0.73(eV /atom)
28
Nv = 7.851 x 10 exp ( eV )
8.62∗10
−5
(atom−K )
∗1023 K

= 1.9939 x 1025 m−3.

Question N0.3:
What are the two fundamental types of dislocations?

Answer:

1. Edge dislocations
2. Screw dislocations

Question N0.4
a)
Calculate the fraction of atom sites that are vacant for copper (Cu) at a temperature of
569°C (842 K). Assume an energy for vacancy formation of 0.90 eV/atom.
(b)Repeat this calculation at room temperature (298 K).
(c) What is ratio of Nv/N (1357 K) and Nv/N (298 K)

Answer:
a) 4.11 x 10−6 ( at 842K)
b) 6.0799 x 10−16 ( at 298K)
c) 6.759 x 109

Justification:

Soultion:

a)

−0.90 (eV /atom)

Nv
= exp ( eV ) = 4.11 x 10−6 ( at 842K)
N 8.62∗10−5 (
atom−K )
∗842 K
b)

−0.90(eV /atom)
Nv
= exp ( eV ) = 6.0799 x 10−16 ( at 298K )
N 8.62∗10
−5
(
atom−K
∗298 K )
c)
Nv Nv
ratio of (at 842K) and (at 298K)
N N

4.11 x 10−6 (at 842 K)

Ratio =
6.0799 x 10−16 (at 298 K )

=6.759 x 109

Question N0.5
The solute is an element or compound present in the greatest amount.

Answer:
False

Question No.6
Identify the relative Burgers vector–dislocation line orientations for
a) edge,
b) screw,
c) and mixed dislocations
Answer:
a) Perpendicular for edge dislocation
b) Parallel for screw dislocation
c) Neither perpendicular nor parallel for mixed dislocation

Question N0.7:
Two metal specimen A and B have ASTM grain size number of 3 and 8 respectively. Which specimen
has larger grain size?
Answer:
(Grain size ) A > (Grain size) B

Question N0.8
It is possible to produce a perfect crystalline solid that does not contain any vacancies?
Answer:
No

Question N0.9
In metals there are significantly more vacancies than self-interstitials?

Answer:
True

Question N0.12
The equilibrium fraction of lattice sites that are vacant in silver (Ag) at 700C is 2 106. Calculate the
number of vacancies (per meter cubed) at 700C. Assume a density of 10.35 g/cm3 for Ag.and noted
that AAg = 107.87 g/mol.

Answer:
Nv = 1.156 x 1023

Justification:

Solution:

First Calculate the total number of lattice sites in silver

( 6.02∗1023 ) atm ∗ 10.35 g ∗(10 6 cm3 )

( mol ) ( )
= cm3 m3
(107.87 g/mol)

N = 5.78 x 1028 (atom/m3)

The number of vacancies per meter cubed in silver at 700C, Nv, is determined as follows

Nv
= 2 x 10−6
N
Nv = N*2 x 10−6 = 5.78 x 1028 (atom/m3) * 2 x 10−6
Nv = 1.156 x 1023

Question N0.13:
Calculate the number of vacancies per cubic meter at 1000⁰C for a metal that has an energy for
vacancy formation of 1.22 eV/atom, a density of 6.25 g/cm3
and an atomic weight of 37.4g/mol.

Answer:

1.49 x 1024 m−3 (Option C)

Justification: