DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION IN TRANSFORMERS,identical transfo... http://electricalandelectronics.org/2009/03/19/differential-protection-in-t...

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Current sensing requirement.
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(11) Safer Robust &Reliable. Up to 550kV CTs That
Air Blast Circuit Breaker (2) Don't Need Maintenance
arc interruption method (1)
Armature Reaction and Switching Regulator DC/DC www.linear.com
Commutation (7) Step-Up, Step-Down & Buck-Boost Small Size
Brushless Motors (2) & High Efficiency!
Cables (1)
causes of over voltage (1)
circuit breaker rating (1) The differential protection used for transformers is based on the principle of current circulation. This type of protection is
circuit breakers (13) mostly used for transformers as this responds not only to inter turn fault but also provides protection against phase-to-phase
classification of relays (20)
faults. Following are the complicated features in transformers and there remedial measures:
Construction of D.C. Machines
(11)
D.C. Generator Characteristics 1. In a power transformer, the currents in primary and secondary are to be compared.
(9)
DC Motor (11) As these two currents are usually different, therefore the use of identical tr4ansformers
Depletion type MOSFET (3)
DIAC (1) will give differential current and operate the relay even under no load conditions. The difference in magnitude of currents in
Diesel Power Plant (2) primary and secondary of power transformers is compensated by different turns ratios of C.T.s. If T is the turn’s ratio of
Direct Current Machines (47)
power transformer, then the turns ration of C.T.s on lv side is made T times the turn’s ration of the C.T.s on hv side. When this
Electrical Energy (4)
Electrical Installations (9) condition is fulfilled the secondaries of the two C.T.s will carry same current under normal conditions. And thus no current
Electrical Machines (52) will flow through the relay and it remains inoperative.
Electromechanical energy
conversion (3) 2. There is usually a phase difference between the primary and secondary currents of a
Enhancement type MOSFET (2)
Equipments of steam power plant 3-phase power transformer. Even if C.T.s of proper transformation ratios are used, a differential current will flow through the
(5)
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Feeder protection (12) relay under normal condition and cause relay operation. The correction for phase difference is effected by appropriate
fuzzy logic control (4) connections of C.T.s. the C.T.s on one side of the power transformer are connected in such a way that the resultant current March 2011
Gas turbine power plant (2) January 2010
fed into the pilot wires are displaced in phase from the individual phase currents in the same direction as, and by an angle December 2009
Gate Turn Off Thyristor (4)
equal to, the phase shift between the power transformers primary and secondary currents. The table below shows the type of September 2009
generator (1)
Generator protection (6) connections to be employed for C.T.s in order to compensate for the phase difference in the primary and secondary currents August 2009
HVAC system (1) July 2009
of power transformer
Hybrid Vehicle (3) May 2009
Hydro-electric Power Plant (4) April 2009
Hydrophone (3) SL.NO POWER TRANSFORMER CURRENT TRANSFORMER March 2009
IGBT (1) February 2009
important terms regarding relays
CONNECTIONS CONNECTIONS January 2009
(1) November 2008
Important terms regarding switch October 2008
PRIMARY SECONDARY PRIMARY SECONDARY
gears (1) September 2008
introduction (1)
LED (4) 1 Star with Delta Delta Star
LED wireless (2) neutral
Lightning (11) 2 earthed Delta Star Star
Linear Integrated Circuits (13)
Maglev (3) 3 Delta Star with Delta Delta
Miscellaneous (1) neutral
4 Star earthed Star Delta
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motors (1)
Delta Star with
Nuclear power plant (3)
neutral
oil circuit breaker (5)
earthed
op-amp (12)
op-amp applications (2)
Open and closed loop
configurations (2) 1. Another factor, which has to be considered, is the inrush of magnetizing current.
organic LEDs (2)
Parallel Operation of D.C. When the transformer is switched to supply the magnetizing current may assume very high values momentarily and may
Generators (3)
cause operation of the relay even though they are transient. This can be avoided by using relays with time delay
Photo Voltaics (11)
piezoelectric motor (1) characteristics.

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DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION IN TRANSFORMERS,identical transfo... http://electricalandelectronics.org/2009/03/19/differential-protection-in-t...

Power diode (1) Fig 8 shows the differential protection for transformer. In this the power transformer is delta- star connected. On delta side
Power Electronics (26) the C.T.s are connected in star and on the star side the C.T.s are connected in delta as in fig. Under normal working
power line communication (2)
Power Plant (21) conditions the circulating currents caused by the primary and secondary load current in the relay circuit will balance; but
Power System (100) under fault conditions the balance will no longer be there and the relay will be energized to trip the circuit breakers on the
Power Transformers (1) primary and secondary side
Power transistor (1)
Preparation of completion In order to understand the phase difference in the two sides consider fig 8. The primary is connected in delta and the set of
Reports (1)
Project Based Papers (2) current transformers CT1 is connected in star, while the secondary is connected in star and the set of current transformers
Projects (22) CT2 is connected in delta. Fig 9 illustrates the vector diagram in reference to primary and secondary sides of current
Protection against lightning (9) transformer. In fig 9.a IRP, IYP and IBP are the phase currents in the primary side, while IR is the line current on the same side
Protective earthing (1)
Protective Relays (1) in line R as shown in fig 9.a, the corresponding secondary current of current transformers CT1 on the primary side is in
Radio Frequency Identification
(6) phase with IR and is represented as IRS in fig 9.b. the current in the secondary side of the power transformer is represented
Reference Papers (73) as IR, IY and IB in fig 9.c, the phase current in the secondary winding of the current transformers CT2 is represented as I’R,
Relays (25) I’Y and I’B in fig 9.d. the current in pilot wire of CT2 is represented as IRS. Now when we consider fig 9.b and 9.d its clear
requirement of protective relaying
that the currents in the pilot wires are in phase.
(1)
SCADA (2)
SF6 Circuit Breaker (1)
smart dust (8)
Solar Power Satellite (7)
Stages of op-amp (3)
Steam Power Plant (9)
super conducting motor (5)
Surge Over Voltages (17)
Switch Board Assemblies (1)
Switchgear&Protection (77)
Technology & Innovation (13)
Thyristor (15)
Transformer Protection (3)
Types of relay protection (1)
Uncategorized (1)
vacuum circuit breaker (1)

In order to understand the phase difference in the two sides consider fig 8. The primary is connected in delta and the set of
current transformers CT1 is connected in star, while the secondary is connected in star and the set of current transformers
CT2 is connected in delta. Fig 9 illustrates the vector diagram in reference to primary and secondary sides of current
transformer. In fig 9.a IRP, IYP and IBP are the phase currents in the primary side, while IR is the line current on the same side
in line R as shown in fig 9.a, the corresponding secondary current of current transformers CT1 on the primary side is in

phase with IR and is represented as IRS in fig 9.b. the current in the secondary side of the power transformer is represented
as IR, IY and IB in fig 9.c, the phase current in the secondary winding of the current transformers CT2 is represented as I’R,
I’Y and I’B in fig 9.d. the current in pilot wire of CT2 is represented as IRS. Now when we consider fig 9.b and 9.d its clear
that the currents in the pilot wires are in phase.

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4 Responses to “DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION IN TRANSFORMERS”

1. sandeep chowdary Says:
December 13th, 2009 at 11:54 am

thanks for the valuable information given to us

2. Eddy Gudijanto Says:

May 14th, 2010 at 7:01 pm

This is very useful information

3. sanjay Says:
May 28th, 2010 at 1:41 pm

thanks.

4. emeka Says:
June 7th, 2010 at 8:02 am

Thanks. I like that.

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