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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF COPD

Etiology Predisposing Factors


Streptococcus Pneumonae  smoking (110 pack
years)
 age
 exposure to asbestos
fiber, cotton fibers or

Inhalation of pathogens

Pharynx, nose, larynx and


trachea
(portal of entry)

Inflammatory process

Excess H2O and Injury RBC, fibrin and


plasma protein polymorphonuclear leukocytes
(Lower lobe) infiltrate the alveoli
Narrowing of the small
peripheral airways
Irritates mucus Consolidation of leukocytes and
membrane fibrin
Injury-repair
process Decreased Oxygen

Accumulation of Scar tissue


secretions Decreased tissue perfusion
formation
Narrowing of the
Pale Hypoxemia Tachycardia
airway lumen
Airway Coughing/ DOB Hypoxia
obstruction
Inflammatory
exudates Nasal Tachypnea
Ventilation-
progress flaring
perfusion
inequality
Hyperemia
Hypere
Engorgement of the alveoli

Space with fluids and Pulmonary edema


hemorrhage exudates (Complication)

Chest pain

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