Technical Guide TG 1.

1552

MiCOM P225

CHAPTER 9-1
Maintenance of the MiCOM P225
Relay
Technical Guide TG 1.1552
Maintenance of the Relay CHAPTER 9-1
MiCOM P225 Page 1/12

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION 3

2. MAINTENANCE PERIOD 3

3. MAINTENANCE CHECKS 4
3.1 Alarms 4
3.2 Logic inputs 4
3.3 Output relays 4
3.3.1 Maintenance mode 4
3.3.2 Testing the output relays 5

4. EXCHANGING THE RELAY 6

4.1 Remove the withdrawable part 6
4.2 Exchanging the relay and the case 7

5. CHANGING THE BATTERY 7

6. EQUIPMENT FAILURE: HARDWARE ALARMS 8

6.1 Types of equipment failure 8
6.1.1 Minor faults 8
6.1.2 Major faults 8
6.2 Equipment failures and solutions 9
6.2.1 COMM. ERROR 9
6.2.2 CLOCK ERROR 9
6.2.3 RAM ERROR 9
6.2.4 RTD/Therm ERROR 9
6.2.5 BATTERY ERROR 10
6.2.6 EEPROM ERROR DATA 10
6.2.7 EEPROM ERROR CALIBR. 10
6.2.8 CT/VT ERROR 10

7. PROBLEM SOLVING 11
7.1.1 Password lost or not accepted 11
7.1.2 Communication 11
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1. INTRODUCTION
The MiCOM P225 relays are fully numerical in design and employ a high degree of
self-checking. Any fault affecting a hardware or software component is instantly
detected and signalled as a device fault.
BEFORE CARRYING OUT ANY WORK ON THE EQUIPMENT, THE USER
SHOULD BE FAMILIAR WITH THE CONTENTS OF THE "HANDLING AND
SAFETY" SECTION.

2. MAINTENANCE PERIOD
It is recommended that products supplied by ALSTOM T&D Protection & Control
receive regular monitoring after installation. As with all products some deterioration
with time is inevitable. In view of the critical nature of protective relays and their
infrequent operation, it is desirable to confirm that they are operating correctly at
regular intervals.
MiCOM P225 relays are self-supervising and so require less maintenance than
earlier designs. Most problems will result in an alarm so that remedial action can be
taken. However, some periodic tests should be performed to ensure that the relay is
functioning correctly and that the external wiring is intact.
If a Preventive Maintenance Policy exists within the customer's organisation, the
recommended product checks should be included in the regular programme.
Maintenance periods will depend on many factors, such as:
• the operating environment
• the accessibility of the site
• the amount of available manpower
• the importance of the installation in the power system
• the consequences of failure
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3. MAINTENANCE CHECKS
Although some functionality checks can be performed from a remote location by
utilising the communications ability of the relays, it is recommended that maintenance
checks are performed locally.
3.1 Alarms
The alarm status LED should first be checked to identify if any alarm conditions exist.
If so, press the read key  repeatedly to step through the alarms. Clear the alarms
to extinguish the LED(s) provided the original cause no longer exists.
3.2 Logic inputs
The logic inputs (opto-isolators) can be checked to ensure that the relay responds on
energisation.
This test checks that all 6 opto-isolated outputs of the MiCOM P225 are functioning
correctly.
Energise the logic inputs one at a time with voltage V, with the terminal numbers in
accordance with the table below.
The status of each opto-isolated input can be viewed in the "OP.PARAMETERS" menu.
"1" indicates an energised input, "0" indicates a de-energised input.

Supply to terminals
LOGIC INPUTS OP.PARAMETERS/INPUT value
+V –V
Input L1 22 24 0 0 0 0 0 1
Input L2 26 28 0 0 0 0 1 0
Input L3 13 15 0 0 0 1 0 0
Input L4 17 19 0 0 1 0 0 0
Input L5 21 23 0 1 0 0 0 0
Input L6 25 27 1 0 0 0 0 0

N.B.: The voltage V to be applied to the logic inputs is defined in

Chapter 3 - Technical Specifications, paragraph 6.3 "Logic
inputs" in this Technical Guide.
3.3 Output relays
3.3.1 Maintenance mode
The output relays can be individually controlled by setting the MiCOM relay to
Maintenance mode.
• The MiCOM relay can be switched to Maintenance mode either:
− by using the MiCOM S1 software, or
− by remote control via the RS485 communication port (refer to Chapter 6,
COMMUNICATION in this Technical Guide).
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• While the MiCOM relay is in Maintenance mode:

− All protective functions are disabled
− All automation functions are disabled
− All output relays are off (including the watchdog relay)
− The ALARM LED flashes
− The MAINTENANCE MODE alarm appears
− Communication via RS232 and/or RS485 ports is once more available.
• When the MiCOM relay is in Maintenance mode:
− A remote control signal is used to energise the required output relays
− Another remote control signal must be sent to de-energise the output relays.
• Once the output relay tests are completed, reset the MiCOM relays to normal
operation mode
− by using the MiCOM S1 software, or
− via the RS485 communication port.
3.3.2 Testing the output relays
Connect a continuity tester across the terminals of each output contact to check the
correct contact position (open/closed circuit) as in the table below.
The state of each output relay (1: energised/0: standby) is given in the "OP.
PARAMETERS" menu.

OUTPUT Output relay on standby Output relay energised

RELAY Normally closed Normally open Circuit open Circuit closed
WD 36-37 36-35 36-37 36-35
(watchdog)
RL1 2-4 2-6 2-4 2-6
RL2 8-10 8-12 8-10 8-12
RL3 14-16 14-18 14-16 14-18
RL4 1-3 1-5 1-3 1-5
RL5 7-9 7-11 7-9 7-11
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4. EXCHANGING THE RELAY

The case and the rear terminal blocks have been designed to facilitate removal of the
relay without having to disconnect the scheme wiring.
BEFORE CARRYING OUT ANY WORK ON THE EQUIPMENT, THE USER
SHOULD BE FAMILIAR WITH THE CONTENTS OF THE "HANDLING AND
SAFETY" SECTION.
The method is to replace the withdrawable part, but it may be necessary to replace
the complete relay (with the case): .

4.1 Remove the withdrawable part

To remove the withdrawable part, lift the upper flap on the front panel to reveal a slot
in the centre towards the top. Using a screwdriver (approx. 3 mm cross-section) insert
it in the hole in the middle of the slot then move the screwdriver from right to left. This
moves a cam which has the effect of moving the withdrawable part of the MiCOM
relay a few centimetres.
Lift the lower flap on the front panel. Proceed as above. The withdrawable part can
now be easily removed from the case.

Before replacing the withdrawable part in the case, reset the 2 opposing cams.
N. B.: - MiCOM P225 relays have integral current transformer
shorting switches which will close when the withdrawable
part is removed.
- In case of fuse-contactor controlled by a voltage loss coil, do
not remove the withdrawable part if the contactor is closed.
In fact, removing the withdrawable part will break the power
circuit for the voltage loss coil, causing the opening of the
contactor.
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4.2 Exchanging the relay and the case

BEFORE WORKING AT THE REAR OF THE RELAY, ISOLATE ALL VOLTAGE
AND CURRENT SUPPLIES TO THE RELAY.
DISCONNECT THE RELAY EARTH CONNECTION FROM THE REAR OF THE
CASE.
NOTE: The use of a magnetic-bladed screwdriver is recommended to
minimise the risk of the screws being left in the terminal block or
lost.
WITHDRAW THE RELAY FROM THE PANEL, RACK, ETC. CAREFULLY AS IT
WILL BE HEAVY OWING TO THE INTERNAL TRANSFORMERS.
TO REINSTALL THE REPAIRED OR REPLACEMENT RELAY, FOLLOW THE
ABOVE INSTRUCTIONS IN REVERSE, ENSURING THAT EACH TERMINAL
BLOCK IS RELOCATED IN THE CORRECT POSITION AND THE CASE EARTH IS
REPLACED.

5. CHANGING THE BATTERY

MiCOM P225 relays have a battery to maintain status data and the correct time if the
auxiliary supply voltage fails. The data maintained includes event, fault and
disturbance records and the thermal state at the time of failure.
Instructions for replacing the battery
Open the lower flap on the front of the relay.
Gently extract the battery from its location. If necessary, use a small screwdriver to
prise the battery free.
Ensure that the metal terminals in the battery location are free from corrosion, grease
and dust.
Place the replacement battery in position ensuring that the polarity is correct.
NOTE: Only use a ½AA Lithium battery with a voltage rating of 3.6V.

ENSURE THAT THE BATTERY IS SECURELY HELD IN ITS LOCATION.

CLOSE THE LOWER FLAP ON THE FRONT OF THE RELAY.

Battery disposal
The battery which has been removed should be disposed of in accordance with the
disposal procedure for Lithium batteries in the country in which the relay is installed.
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6. EQUIPMENT FAILURE: HARDWARE ALARMS

6.1 Types of equipment failure
As soon as an internal fault (i.e. an equipment failure) is detected in the MiCOM
relay:
• An alarm is displayed as a priority on the front panel display.
• The "Warning" fault LED is illuminated:
− constant (major failure)
− flashing (minor failure)
• The equipment failure relay (WD) is closed (only for major faults).
Equipment failures can be divided into 2 types, minor and major.
An equipment failure (minor or major) cannot be acknowledged on the front panel
using the keypad. Only the disappearance of the cause will acknowledge the fault
and the associated alarm.
6.1.1 Minor faults
The following hardware alarms are considered minor faults:
− COMM. ERROR
− CLOCK ERROR
− RAM ERROR
− ANALOG OUTPUT ERROR
− RTD/Therm ERROR
− BATTERY ERROR
The protective relay continues to function in the event of a minor equipment failure.
6.1.2 Major faults
The following hardware alarms are considered major faults:
− EEPROM ERROR DATA
− EEPROM ERROR CALIBR.
− CT/VT ERROR
The protective relay ceases to function in the event of a major equipment failure, the
protective and automation components are disabled and all output relays are de-
energised: the equipment failure relay (WD) is off, as are all other output relays if
already energised – even if programmed "latched".
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6.2 Equipment failures and solutions

6.2.1 COMM. ERROR
Communication module failure via RS485 port. This can be a hardware or software
failure.
Action:
− If communication is not being used, declare communication OFF in the
COMMUNICATION menu.
− If communication is being used, remove the withdrawable part and return it to
the factory for repair.
6.2.2 CLOCK ERROR
This alarm appears if there are problems accessing the clock or there is an
inconsistency in the date being read.
Action:
If the alarm persists, remove the withdrawable part and return it to the factory for
repair.
6.2.3 RAM ERROR
This alarm appears if the result of the checksum calculation in safeguarded RAM is
incorrect. The data in RAM will be considered inconsistent and will be lost.
This alarm may appear after downloading a new firmware version, after loss of the
auxiliary power supply while the relay was writing to safeguarded RAM or if there is a
RAM hardware fault.
Action:
Press button C on the relay front panel to clear the alarm.
If the alarm persists, de-energise then re-energise the relay.
If the alarm still persists, remove the withdrawable part and return it to the factory for
repair.
As this is a minor alarm, it is possible to disable monitoring (which clears the alarm)
by setting "BATTERY ALARM" to NO (ALARM CONFIG. sub-menu.)
6.2.4 RTD/Therm ERROR
This alarm appears if:
− The impedance measured at the relay detector input terminals is outside a
certain range. This may be due to short-wiring or an open circuit or a
disconnected RTD.
− The RTD monitoring board is faulty or wrongly fitted.
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Action:
Check that the RTD's declared in the RTD sub-menu [49/38] or THERMISTOR sub-
menu [49] are correctly wired to the MiCOM relay.
Check the connection wiring for each RTD (short-wiring, open circuit).
After removing the withdrawable part, check that the RTD board is correctly
connected to the rest of the relay.
If the alarm persists, remove the withdrawable part and return it to the factory for
repair.
6.2.5 BATTERY ERROR
This alarm appears if the 3.6 V Lithium battery located on the front panel is flat,
missing or incorrectly positioned.
Action:
Check that the battery is present.
Check the state of the battery (voltage higher than 3.5 V?).
Check the state of the relay contacts between the battery and the CPU board.
If the alarm persists, remove the withdrawable part and return it to the factory for
repair.
As this is a minor alarm, it is possible to disable monitoring (which clears the alarm)
by setting "BATTERY ALARM" to NO (ALARM CONFIG. sub-menu.)
6.2.6 EEPROM ERROR DATA
Hardware failure.
Action:
Remove the withdrawable part and return it to the factory for repair.
6.2.7 EEPROM ERROR CALIBR.
Hardware failure.
Action:
Remove the withdrawable part and return it to the factory for repair.
6.2.8 CT/VT ERROR
Hardware failure.
Action:
Remove the withdrawable part and return it to the factory for repair.
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7. PROBLEM SOLVING
7.1.1 Password lost or not accepted
Problem:
Password lost or not accepted
Cause:
MiCOM P225 relays are supplied with the password set to: AAAA
This password can be changed by the user (refer to the OP. PARAMETERS menu).
Action:
There is an additional unique recovery password associated with the relay which can
be supplied by the factory or service agent if provided with details of the model and
serial number (under the upper flap on the front panel). Contact your ALSTOM local
dealer or the ALSTOM T&D Protection & Control After Sales Department with the
serial number (phone: 33 (0)4 67 20 55 55).
7.1.2 Communication
7.1.2.1 Values measured locally and remotely
Problem:
Values measured locally and remotely (via RS485 communication) differ.
Cause:
The values accessible on the front panel via the MEASUREMENT menus are refreshed
every second. Those fed back via communication and accessible via the ALSTOM
T&D setting software generally have settable refresh frequencies. If the refresh
frequency of the supervision software differs from that of the MiCOM relay (1s), there
may be a difference between the indicated values.
Action:
Adjust the refresh frequency for the measurements of the supervision software or the
support software to 1 second.
7.1.2.2 MiCOM relay no longer responds
Problem:
No response from the MiCOM relay following a request by the supervision software:
no communication fault message.
Cause:
Normally this type of problem is linked to a configuration error in the MiCOM relay
communication parameters.
Action:
Check that the MiCOM relay communication parameters (data rate, parity, etc.) are
in accordance with the supervision software.
Check the MiCOM relay network address.
Check that this address is not used by another device connected on the same LAN.
Check that the other devices on the same LAN respond to supervision requests.
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7.1.2.3 A remote control signal is not taken into account

Problem:
Communication between the relay and the PC is OK but the MiCOM relay will not
accept remote control signals nor setting file downloads.
Cause:
Normally this type of problem is because the MiCOM relay is in programming mode,
i.e. the user has entered the password.
Action:
Wait for deactivation of the password. Deactivation occurs 5 minutes after the keypad
is last used.