1 Introduction to Indigenous Creative Crafts

Introduction
Throughout Philippine history, craftsmanship and its different forms have always been
prevalent. The Filipinos have an innate inclination to create, exemplifying the state of being
engaged in their craft and taking a sense of joy and pride in their work. The Filipino craftsman
dedicates himself to his art and telling the story of the Philippines, bearing its truest essence-its
soul for the world to see.

Blessed with natural resources, Filipino craftsmen are able to come-up with a
magnificent product that tells a million story not just about their lives but the culture of their
place. Clearly, this reflects Filipino crafts that magnify labors of love and patience. These are
evident in the products of their skillful hands and imaginative minds. Creative crafts in the
Philippines do not only satisfy our senses, but each artwork speaks of the passion and active
involvement of the artists in visualizing, connecting, and appreciating the culture and the creative
manipulation of the objects around.

Do you have what it takes to become a craftsman? In this chapter you will learn the brief
overview of Philippine Arts and Crafts and its significance and relationship to the Hospitality
Course. It is then expected that you will be able to find yourself become an agent of this culture-
filled journey. As you will come to know more of these arts and crafts, be ready to become your
most creative self for you will be creating your own handicraft. This journey transcends beyond
“knowing” history or “applying” discussed topics, rather, it is an “awakening” of your soul in
taking responsibility to promote, conserve, and develop Philippine indigenous creative crafts.

Are you ready to take these responsibilities?

Learning Outcomes
At the end of the unit, you should be able to:
1. Describe the indigenous creative crafts in the Philippines;
 2. Discuss the significance and relationship of indigenous arts and crafts to the
Hospitality Course; and
3. Develop a sense of responsibility in promoting and conserving the Philippine
culture through arts and crafts.

Activating Prior Knowledge

How CREATIVE are you?
Make a creative ACROSTIC using your first name. Express your thoughts and
expectations regarding this subject. Be creative!

R-
H-
E-
I-
N-
Z-

Expand your IDEAS! Note as many words as you can associate to the terms inside the
circles below.

INDIGENOUS
PRODUCTS CRAFTS ARTS
TOPIC 1: Brief Overview of Philippine Arts and Crafts

Learning Objectives
At the end of this the topic, you should be able to:
1. Identify the different types of traditional Arts and Crafts in the Philippines;
2. Make a presentation on any of the sub-topics of the brief overview of Philippine Arts
and Crafts; and
3. Develop a sense of hard work and craftsmanship through a simple craft creation.

Presentation of the Content

Arts and Crafts in the Philippines refer to the various forms of the arts that have
developed and accumulated in the Philippines from the beginning of civilization in the
country up to the present era. They reflect the range of artistic influences on the country's
culture, including indigenous forms of the arts, and how these influences have honed the
country's arts.
The traditional arts in the Philippines encompass folk architecture, maritime
transport, weaving, carving, folk performing arts, folk (oral) literature, folk graphic and
plastic arts, ornament, textile, or fiber art, pottery, and other artistic expressions of
traditional culture.
Folk Architecture
Folk architecture in the Philippines differ significantly per ethnic group, where the
structures can be made of bamboo, wood, rock, coral, rattan, grass, and other materials.
These abodes can range from the hut-style bahay kubo which utilizes vernacular
mediums in construction, the highland houses called bale that may have four to eight
sides, depending on the ethnic association.
Daru Jambangan (Palace of Flowers), the Bahay kubo-style Mabini House
royal residence of the ruler of the Tausug

Dakay house, the oldest surviving coral Bahay na bato houses

houses in the Philippines still used today (c. in  Intramuros, Manila
1887)

Maritime Transport
 Maritime transport in the Philippines includes boat houses, boat-making, and
maritime traditions. These structures, traditionally made of wood chosen by elders and
craftsfolks, were used as the main vehicles of the people, connecting one island to
another, where the seas and rivers became the people's roads. Although boats are believed
to have been used in the archipelago for thousands of years since the arrival of humans
through water, the earliest evidence of boat-making and the usage of boats in the country
continues to be dated as 320 AD through the carbon-dating of the Butuan boats that are
identified as remains of a gigantic balangay.

A large  karakoa  outrigger A  balangay reconstruction

warship, 1711
 A paraw in  Palawan
An owong at Lake Sebu

Weaving
Weaving is an ancient art form that continue in the Philippines today, with each
ethnic group having their distinct weaving techniques. The weaving arts are composed of
basket weaving, back-strap loom weaving, headgear weaving, fishnet weaving, and other
forms of weaving.

Cloth and mat weaving

Expensive textiles are made through the intricate and difficult process called
back-strap looming. Fibers such as Cotton, abaca, banana fiber, grass, and palm fiber are
used in the Filipino weaving arts.
 T'nalak

Binakol A double  ikat  mat from Sulu

Basketry
The fine art of basket weaving in the Philippines has developed intricate designs
and forms directed for specific purposes such as harvesting, rice storage, travel package,
sword case, and so on. The art is believed to have arrived in the archipelago due to
human migration, where those at the north were the first to learn the art form.

Various rice baskets Filipino tobacco basket

Carving
The art of carving in the Philippines focuses on woodcarving and folk non-clay
sculptures.

Woodcarving
Indigenous woodcarving is one of the most notable traditional arts in the
Philippines, with some crafts in various ethnic groups date back prior to Hispanic arrival
with perhaps the oldest surviving today are fragments of a wooden boat dating to 320
AD.
 Kulintang from  Mindanao
Bulul  gods

Stone, ivory, and other carvings

Stone carving is a priced art form in the Philippines, even prior to the arrival of
Western colonizers, as seen in the stone likha and larauan or tao-tao crafts of the natives.
These items usually represents either an ancestor or a deity who aids the spirit of a loved
one to go into the afterlife properly.

Carved marbles from Romblon

Stone carvings at the facade
of  Miagao Church, world heritage
site and a  National Cultural
Treasure
Folk graphic and plastic arts
The fields under folk graphic and plastic arts are tattooing, folk writing, and folk
drawing and painting.

Folk writing (calligraphy)

The Philippines has numerous indigenous scripts collectively called as suyat, each
of which has their own forms and styles of calligraphy. Various ethno-linguistic groups in
the Philippines prior to Spanish colonization in the 16th century up to the independence
era in the 21st century have used the scripts with various mediums. By the end of
colonialism, only four of the suyat scripts survived and continue to be used by certain
communities in everyday life.

Folk paintings
Folk paintings, like folk drawings, are works of art that usually include depictions
of folk culture. Evidences suggest that the people of the archipelago have been painting
and glazing their potteries for thousands of years. Pigments used in paintings range from
gold, yellow, reddish purple, green, white, blue-green, to blue.

Ornament, textile, or fiber art

Ornament, textile, or fiber art includes a variety of fields, ranging from hat-
making, mask-making, accessory-making, to ornamental metal crafts, and many others.

Hat-making, mask-making, and related arts

Hat-making is a fine art in many communities throughout the country, with the
gourd-based tabungaw of Abra and Ilocos being one of the most prized. Indigenous
Filipino hats were widely used in the daily lives of the people until the 20th century when
they were replaced by Western-style hats. They are currently worn during certain
occasions, such as festivals, rituals, or in theatre
The art of mask creation is both an indigenous and imported tradition, as certain
communities have mask-making practices prior to colonization, while some mask-making
traditions were introduced through trade from parts of Asia and the West. Today, these
masks are worn mostly during festivals, Moriones Festival, and MassKara Festival.
Accessory-making
Accessories in the Philippines are almost always worn with their respective
combination of garments, with some being used as accessories for houses, altars, and
other objects.

Pottery
The art of pottery, categorized into ceramic making, clay pot-making, and folk
clay sculpture, has long been a part of various cultures in the Philippines, with evidence
pointing to a pottery culture dating around 3,500 years ago. Important pottery artifacts
from the Philippines include the Manunggul Jar (890-710 BCE) and the Maitum
anthropomorphic pottery (5 BC-225 AD).

Maitum Anthropomorphic Burial

Jar No. 13  (5 BC-370 AD),
Manunggul a National Cultural Treasure
Jar  from Palawan (890–710
BC), a National Cultural
Treasure

Application
A. In your own words, briefly discuss the following terms in 2 sentences.
 Philippine Art Indigenous woodcarving

Weaving folk graphic

Folk architecture Pottery

B. Complete the table. Consider researching on the crafts listed in the first
column of the table and identify the type of traditional art they belong
including its brief description.
TYPE OF Description
ART/CRAFT TRADITIONAL ART
Kawayan Torogan
Coral houses
Banaue Rice Terraces
modernized falua
Rayon Malong
Vakul
Standing bulul
The Mother's Revenge
(1894)
Ilongot hair ornament
Bas relief

Feedback
A. With any resources available in your location, make your own handicraft that
can be done in small amount of time. Afterwhich, evaluate yourself and your
output by answering the following questions:
1. What difficulties did you encounter?
2. What skills have you acquired?
3. Why do hard work and craftsmanship play a very important role in making
handicraft?
4. What is your message to our Filipino craftsmen?
You will be graded according to this rubric:
  Advanced Proficient Moderate Below Basic
25 20 15 10

Understanding Advanced Proficient Moderate Below Basic

25 pts
The artwork is The art work is The artwork The artwork
planned planned shows little shows no
Demonstration carefully; adequately; evidence of understanding of
that instructions understanding of understanding of understanding the concepts and
and concepts are most concepts some concepts the concepts and instructions.
understood. and instructions and instructions instructions.
is shown. shown.
Craftsmanship/ Advanced Proficient Moderate Below Basic
Skill
25 pts The artwork The artwork The artwork The artwork
shows good shows average shows below shows poor
craftmanship, craftmanship average craftmanship and
Neatness, with some and attention to craftmanship no attention to
precision, care. attention to detail. and little detail.
detail. attention to
detail.
Creativity/ Advanced Proficient Moderate Below Basic
Originality
25 pts The artwork The artwork The artwork The artwork
demonstrates demonstrates an demonstrates lacks evidence
some personal average amount little personal of personal
Inventiveness, expression and of personal expression and expression.
expression of logical problem expression. problem solving
ideas and solving skills. skills.
imagination.
Effort Advanced Proficient Moderate Below Basic
25 pts
The student put The student put The student put The student put
forth the effort forth the effort forth the effort forth no effort or
What it takes to required to required to finish required to finish the project was
finish the project complete the the project; used the project; not completed;
as well as project well; class time usedclass time class time was
possible, time used class time adequately. adequately. not used well.
dedicated to the well.
project inside
and/or out of
class.

B. VIDEO PRESENTATION
1. Choose any sub-topic from this chapter and research more information
about it. Present your output through an informative 5-minute video report
(creative vlog).
2. Include your accomplishments from Activity A in the said vlog. Upload
your outputs in your Facebook Account, don’t forget to tag your teacher.
Use the #PhilArtsOverView
You will be graded according to this rubric:
   Advanced Proficient Developing Beginning
10 pts 9 pts 7 pts 5 pts
Contribution Advanced Proficient Developing Beginning

Participates Participates, but Participates, but does Posting is less than 50%
beyond the does not post not meet the complete or posting does
required number anything that minimum number of not further any discussions.
of postings, encourages others posts. Few to no No response to classmate's
including to respond. discussion or posting or questions.
discussion on Participates with comments with
other students' the required others. Some
posts. number of comments to other or
postings. response to
Responds to questions.
questions from
others when
present.
Content Advanced Proficient Developing Beginning
Quality
Appropriate, Appropriate and Vlogs and comments Vlogs not engaging, are
engaging, respectful to done, but lacks irrelevant, or are difficult to
reflective, and others. Vlogs engagement, analysis follow in meaning.
respectful to have a purpose or or substantial
others. Vlogs are main topic about reflection, or may be
in-depth, reading and is off topic.
analytical, reflective.
reflective, make a
point and make
connections
beyond the text.
Speech & Advanced Proficient Developing Beginning
Grammar
Vlog has Speech is fluent. Vlog may contain Vlog may contain
originality and Vlog may contain several errors in significant errors in
flair, one or two errors grammar; errors may grammar; errors may cause
emphasizing in grammar; impede viwer's confusion for the viewer.
important points; errors do not understanding. Speech is choppy without
contains no impede viewer's Speech lack fluency. complete sentences or clear
errors in understanding. topic.
grammar.
References & Advanced Proficient Developing Beginning
Support
Consistently uses Incorporates Discusses references Includes no references or
direct references some references from outside sources supporting evidence.
to outside from outside in a general way, but
sources to sources, but may doesn't use specific
support thoughts. not be consistent. references.
Uses MLA Errors in MLA
citations citation.
correctly.

TOPIC 2: Significance and Relationship of Indigenous Arts and Crafts

to the Hospitality Course
 Learning Objectives
At the end of this the topic, you should be able to:
1. Discuss the significance and relationship of indigenous creative arts and crafts to the
Hospitality Course; and
2. Make a promotional poster regarding the significance and relationship of indigenous
creative arts and crafts to the Hospitality Course.

Presentation of the Content

Indigenous creative Arts and Crafts to the Hospitality Course: Opening doors of
opportunity for the Students

The Hospitality Course is known for its vast paced of innovation that requires a large
amount of creativity in many forms. Through these indigenous creative arts and crafts,
hospitality students get to experience an opportunity that allows them to explore different
culture, examine different form of arts, and portray appreciation to craftsmanship. This widely
supports their personal, social, moral, spiritual, cultural and creative development, and enables
them to engage with and explore visual, tactile and other sensory experiences and how to
recognize and communicate ideas and meanings. These opportunities enable them to work with
traditional and new media, so that they develop confidence, competence, imagination and
creativity.

Through these opportunities, they learn to appreciate and value images and artifacts
across times and cultures, and to understand the contexts in which they were made. Experiences
in art, craft and design enable them to learn how to reflect critically on their own and others’
work. They learn to think and act as artists, makers and designers, working creatively and
intelligently. They develop an appreciation of and engagement in art, craft and design as critical
consumers and audiences and an understanding of its role in the creative and cultural industries
that shape and enrich their lives.

Indigenous creative Arts and Crafts to the Hospitality Course: Promoting Culture
through Tourism

In return, as students will “explore different culture, examine different form of arts, and
portray appreciation to craftsmanship”, a certain indigenous art can be known throughout the
world that will inevitably pave the promotion of culture and other products of a certain locale.
 Art and craft is considered to be an integral part of the tourism business, since it plays an
important role as souvenirs and mementos, thereby spatially and temporarily expanding the
visitor experience. It is also increasingly looked upon as an opportunity to diversify the tourism
sector offerings, as well as the broader economic base. It links directly to the tourism sector as a
source of supply of functional items used in the hospitality sector.
Indigenous arts and crafts served to enhance the intrinsic value of local art and craft to
international visitors. This is because local art and craft maintain the quality of uniqueness, and
represent an innate connection to the heritage and culture of the destination, as well as the
indigenous knowledge and craftsmanship of local artisans.
In many places, crafts such as textiles and art contribute greatly to the culture of a
destination and the travel experience. Crafts can be an important contributor to a country’s
economy, employing artisans that are preserving cultural heritage, while generating an important
source of income through the informal sector. The tourism industry provides an important export
market for a host of craft products. For example, hotels and restaurants demand diverse craft
products in order to furnish and equip their establishments. Tourists often set a budget for
themselves expecting to buy different products to take home as souvenirs. These souvenirs then
serve as tourism marketing tools by telling a story of the destination and adding to the travel
experience.

Application
A. In your own words, briefly discuss the significance and relationship of
indigenous arts and crafts to the Hospitality Course. Make use of the
graphical organizers below.

Significance
?
?
?

Relationship
 ?
?

B. What is the role of Hospitality Course in promoting culture through

indigenous art and crafts? Use the graphical organizer below.

4
3
2
THE ROLE
1 OF
HOSPITALITY
COURSE IN
PROMOTING
CULTURE
 Feedback

A. Photo essay.

First Picture- your picture. Introduce yourself and explain why you have
chosen hospitality as your course.

Second Picture- your locality. Tell something about your town, its distinct
culture.

Third Picture- indigenous arts and crafts available in your area

(downloadable). Tell something about these products.

Fourth Picture- your vision of your town and its indigenous products. Discuss
briefly.

Fifth Picture- your role in promoting culture. Be creative in electing a photo

and explain your role as a student in the Hospitality Course in promoting
Philippine indigenous art and crafts.

Rubric:
  Exemplary Proficient Emerging Developing
4 pts 3 pts 2 pts 1 pt
Visual Text Exemplary Proficient Emerging Developing
40 %
All of the images Most of the images are Some of the images are Few of the images are
are appropriate to appropriate to the appropriate to the topic, appropriate to the topic,
(photographs/images) the topic, topic, evocative, evocative, visually evocative, visually
evocative, visually visually captivating, captivating, and show captivating, and show
captivating, and and show unique unique perspectives of unique perspectives of
show unique perspectives of the the theme. the theme.
perspectives of the theme.
theme.
Typography & Semantics Exemplary Proficient Emerging Developing
20 %
Title and captions Title and captions Title and captions Title and captions
compliment the compliment the sometimes compliment seldom compliment the
images and work images and often work the images but images and do not work
(the meaning, together together to reinforce inconsistently work together to reinforce the
arrangement, and harmoniously to the theme. together to reinforce the theme.
appearance of printed reinforce the theme.
matter) theme
consistently.
Organization Exemplary Proficient Emerging Developing
20 %
Presentation Presentation includes Presentation includes Presentation includes
includes student student name and the student name and the student name and the
(how the various elements name and the photo story title. Each photo story title. Each photo story title. Each
are organized) photo story title. slide includes an slide includes an image slide includes an image
Each slide image and and accompanying text. and accompanying text.
includes an image accompanying text. Photos create emotion Photos inconsistently
and accompanying Photos create emotion and represent subject create emotion and may
text. Photos are and communicate matter. veer from subject matter.
carefully thematically.
sequenced to build
emotion and
communicate
thematically.
Overall Exemplary Proficient Emerging Developing
Impression/Aesthetic
Effect Photo essay Photo essay often Photo essay Photo essay
10 % evokes strong evokes emotion and occastionally evokes inconsistently evokes
emotion and evidences creativity. emotion and evidences emotion and evidences
evidences The presentation as a some creativity. The little creativity. The
(the overall psychological creativity. The whole is aesthetically presentation as a whole presentation as a whole
response to the photo essay presentation as a pleasing. is aesthetically is spits in the face of
as a work of artistic whole is pleasing. aesthetics.
rhetoric) aesthetically
harmonious.
Theme Exemplary Proficient Emerging Developing
10 %
Theme is clear Theme is clear and Theme is clear and Theme is unclear or not
and well- well-developed well-developed well-developed
(the universal insight that developed throughout most of the throughout some of the throughout the photo
is communicated by the throughout entire photo essay. photo essay. essay.
essay) photo essay.

B. Make a poster about the the significance and relationship of indigenous

creative arts and crafts to the Hospitality Course.
Rubric:

  Advanced Proficient Needs Improvement Failing

4 pts 3 pts 2 pts 1 pt
Content Knowledge Advanced Proficient Needs Improvement Failing

The poster Poster includes all Poster does not have all of the The poster does not
includes all relevant relevant information. include the required
information information; Information is presented in an information.
relevant to the however, it is not unorganized fashion and may be
topic. The poster very well-organized hard to understand.
is creative, clear or easily
and concise. understood.
Work quality/effort Advanced Proficient Needs Improvement Failing

The work done The work was done Work is done with fair effort, Work is done with little
exceeds all with good effort but the quality is still not what effort, quality is not
expectations and that shows what the the learner is capable of. It is what the learner is
shows that the learner is capable evident that the work was capable of. It is evident
learner is proud of of. It is evident that rushed. that the work was
his/her work. The time was put into rushed and little time
effort that was put this poster and was spent on the final
into this task is the presentation. product. Work is
best it can be by incomplete.
the learner.
Creativity Advanced Proficient Needs Improvement Failing

Eye catching. Contains students Not very appealing. Limited use Lacks original artwork.
Great use of own writing and of creative materials. Not alot of Does not make good use
colors, texture, drawing. Lots of color/shapes/design. Most of the of space on the poster.
shapes, and colors, shapes, and artwork is the student's own. Messy. Lacks color.
spacing on poster. appealing design.
Artwork is the Shows the student
students own & is spent time creating
neat. Writing is and designing the
easy to read. poster.
Shows the student
can express ideas
through art.
Format Advanced Proficient Needs Improvement Failing

Poster is of Poster is correct Poster board is damaged or Poster is not on required

exceptional size, clean and poorly presented. Some items poster board.
quality and neatly displayed. possibly falling off. Pieces/items falling or
presentation. No items falling hanging off.
Nothing hanging off.
or falling off.

Student Reflect on Learning

Do I really understand my role in promoting Philippine indigenous art and crafts? What
are the specific things that I can do to actualize this role?
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References:
https://steemit.com/traditional/@lapilipinas/philippines-ethnic-art-and-crafts
https://www.techpopop.com/2012/12/what-is-indigenous-materials.html
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/indigenous
https://www.google.com/search?
safe=strict&sxsrf=ALeKk00VDoOhOnQeyXvuiAmrECMHVMdvuw
%3A1596643856501&ei=ENoqX7SUHoGwmAX19JdI&q=crafts+definition&oq=crafts+def&g
s_lcp=CgZwc3ktYWIQAxgAMgoIABCRAhBGEPkBMgIIADICCAAyCAgAEBYQChAeMggI
ABAWEAoQHjIGCAAQFhAeMgYIABAWEB4yBggAEBYQHjIGCAAQFhAeMgYIABAWE
B46BAgAEEM6BggAEAoQQzoICC4QxwEQrwE6BwgAEBQQhwI6BAgAEApQ401Yoldg6m
NoAHAAeACAAdwCiAGSC5IBBzAuMS4xLjOYAQCgAQGqAQdnd3Mtd2l6wAEB&sclient
=psy-ab#dobs=indigenous%20products
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arts_in_the_Philippines
https://repositorio.cepal.org/bitstream/handle/11362/43305/S1701179_en.pdf?sequence=1
https://www.rcampus.com/login.cfm?&fltoken=1596688264112&
https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?code=HXW6823&sp=true