Phases of matter

1
Vocabulary
• Boiling
• Boiling point
• Physical change
• Melting
• Melting point
• Freezing
• Freezing point
• Evaporation
• Condensation
• Sublimation
2
Phases of matter
• Four phases of matter:
solid, liquid, gas, and
plasma
• solids have a definite
shape and volume

3
Solid particle
arrangement
• Solids are tightly
packed and the
particles vibrate
• Two types of solids are
crystalline and
amorphous

4
 Types of solids
• Crystalline solids are
arranged in repeating
patterns called
crystals (salt, sugar)
• Amorphous solids can
lose their shape

5
Examples of amorphous
solids
• Tar, candle wax,
glass
• Shape changes
under certain
conditions
(differences in
temperature)
6
Liquid particle
arrangement
•Liquids have
particles that are
close together, but
are free to move

7
Question

•Describe the shape

of a liquid.

8
Describe a liquid

•Liquids do not have

a definite shape,
but they have a
definite volume

9
Question

•What happens
when one-liter of
soda is poured into
a four-liter
container?
10
 Properties of liquids
• Liquids do not expand
to fill the volume of a
container
• Liquids are
characterized by their
ability to flow

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 What is viscosity?
• The resistance of a liquid
to flow
• The difficulty of a liquid
to flow easily
• Honey, motor oil, corn
syrup have a high
viscosity
12
Behavior of liquids
• Cohesion is the force of
attraction between
LIKE particles
• Adhesion is the force of
attraction between
UNLIKE particles

13
Surface tension

• Tendency of
particles to pull
together at the
surface of a liquid
due to cohesion

14
Question

• Describe the
viscosity of a liquid.
• Describe a liquid’s
shape.

15
Questions

• How is adhesion
different from
cohesion?
• Explain surface
tension.

16
 Properties of gases
• Gases do not have a
definite shape or
volume
• They fill all the
available space in a
container

17
Kinetic Molecular
Theory of Matter
• Matter is made of
tiny particles in
constant motion

18
Question

• How are solids,

liquids, and gases
different from one
another?

19
Gas laws
• Boyle’s and Charles’
law describe the
behavior of gases with
changes in
temperature, pressure,
and volume

20
Charles Law

• Charles’ law
describes a
relationship between
the temperature and
volume of a gas
(constant pressure)
21
Charles’ Law
• As the temperature of a
gas increases, the
volume of a gas
increases
• Heating air causes it to
expand

22
Question

•How can you

explain the fact
that gas particles
expand to fill
space?
23
Pressure

• The force that

particles of a
substance
(gas/liquid) will apply
over a certain area

24
Boyle’s Law

• Boyle’s law
describes the
relationship between
the volume and
pressure of gases
(constant
temperature)
• http://chem.salve.edu/chemistry/boyle.asp
25
 Boyle’s law
• If the volume of a gas
decreases, then the
pressure of a gas
increases (Boyle’s law)
• The smaller the space
a gas occupies, the
more pressure
26
Plasma

• Plasma (phase)
• most common phase in
the universe,
dangerous, very high
energy (found in stars)

27
Question

• What are the four

phases of matter?
• Describe the plasma
phase of matter.

28
Phase changes

• Phase changes in
matter are melting,
freezing,
vaporization,
condensation, and
sublimation
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 What is a physical
change?
• Physical changes involve
the changing of physical
properties
• Type of matter remains
the same

30
Questions
• Describe each of the
five phase changes
(melting, freezing,
vaporization,
condensation, and
sublimation).

31
Physical changes

•Changing color,
shape, phase,
texture, hardness,
odor would be a
physical change
32
Melting

•Phase change from

a solid to a liquid

33
Melting point

•Temperature in
which a solid
changes to a liquid
•Physical property

34
Questions

• How is melting
different from
freezing?

35
 Phase changes
• Involve a change in
volume, but mass
remains constant
• Adding or removing
energy from matter
results in phase changes

36
Vaporization

•Phase change from

a liquid to a gas

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 Boiling point
• The temperature in which
a liquid boils
• Point at which a liquid
changes to a gas

38
 Freezing

•Phase change of a
liquid to a solid
•The temperature in
which this occurs is
the freezing point
39
 Condensation
• Condensation is the
phase change from a
gas to a liquid
• Sublimation is a phase
change from solid to a
gas

40
Question

• Describe a difference
between
condensation and
vaporization.

41
Sublimation examples

•Dry ice and iodine

are examples
solids that undergo
sublimation

42
 Chemical properties
• Describe how a
substance changes
into new substances
are chemical
properties
• Ex: flammability

43
 Chemical changes
• The change of a
substance into a new and
different substance
• Also known as a
chemical reaction

44
Questions
• What is another name
for a chemical change?
• Describe sublimation.
• How is a chemical
change different from a
physical change?

45