Structural Specification PDF

Expo 2020: Ireland Pavilion
Dubai Expo 2020

Ireland’s Pavilion
Structural Specification
Tender Issue
Notice
This document and its contents have been prepared and are intended solely for OPW’s information and use in relation to
the construction of Ireland’s Pavilion for the Dubai Expo 2020.
Atkins assumes no responsibility to any other party in respect of or arising out of or in connection with this document
and/or its contents.
This document has 167 pages including the cover.
Document history
Job number: 5167004 Document ref:

Revision Purpose description Originated Checked Reviewed Authorised Date
- Tender Issue AB DM GL MF 20.09.20
Client signoff
Client Office of Public Works
Project Dubai Expo 2020 Ireland’s Pavilion
Document title Structural Specification
Job no. 5186244
Copy no. #01
Document reference 5186244/Docs/ContrDocs/Architectural Documents
1
Addendum – Additions and Updates to Specification

To be read in conjunction with all tender documents and all drawings. REVIEW OF UPDATED
INFORMATION ISSUED
It is the responsibility of the Contractor to carry out a full and comprehensive review of all updated
information as a collective
overall pack to ensure that all details and updated or revised information issued for any element of the
works is captured in any revised pricing submission. This includes all drawings, all
specifications/documents and Bill of Quantities.
All documents must be read collectively and accounted for as an overall description of the works and
all pricing contractors will be require do declare that all works as described in the tender pack and or
the revised tender pack have been accounted for prior to awarding of any contract.
The following outlines a general description of the additional information added and revisions to
specification in line with overall design development. The contractor should review all information to
ensure to include for all to complete the works as intended in the design and to meet compliance with
the current building regulations.
Additional Information Added to Specification from original issue:
2
CONTENTS LIST
Note: If any specification clauses are duplicated between the respective consultants
specifications, the contractor should agree the over-riding clause with the Contract
Administrator (CA). For definitions of 'similar ' / 'equal' refer to Architect's specification.
D EXCAVATING AND FILLING 4

E05 IN SITU CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION GENERALLY 7
F MASONRY 26
G10 STRUCTURAL STEEL FRAMING AND METAL COMPOSITE FLOOR 34
M FINISHES 41
Q PAVING 49
R GROUNDWORKS 60
Z BUILDING FABRIC 68
3
D EXCAVATING AND FILLING
CLEARANCE/EXCAVATION
161 SITE FEATURES: Before starting work verify with CA which existing fences, gates, walls,
roads, paved areas and other site features are to be removed. Materials arising are to be removed
from site.
181 SITE CLEARANCE:

- Clear site of all rubbish and debris.
- Clear site of all vegetation.
- Grub up and dispose of large roots without undue disturbance of soil and adjacent
areas.
210 MATERIALS ARISING: Remove from site materials arising from the works.
BENCHING: Surfaces of excavations with a gradient greater than 1 in 5 which are to receive
filling must have horizontal benches cut to match the depths of compacted layers of filling.
240 ADJACENT EXCAVATIONS: Where an excavation encroaches below a line drawn
at an angle of 45 degrees from the horizontal from the nearest formation level of another
higher excavation, the lower excavation, all work within it and backfilling thereto must be
completed before the higher excavation is made.
250 ACCURACY: Permissible deviations from formation levels:

Beneath mass concrete foundations: ± 25 mm
Beneath ground bearing slabs and r.c. foundations: ± 15 mm
Embankments and cuttings: ± 50 mm
Ground abutting external walls: ± 50 mm, but such as to ensure that finished level is not less
than 150 mm below dpc.
260 FORMATIONS GENERALLY:

Make advance arrangements with CA for inspection of formations
Remove the last 150 mm of excavations just before inspection. Trim excavations to
required profiles and levels, and remove all loose material.
Unless otherwise instructed seal formations within 4 hours of inspection with concrete or other
specified fill.
310 UNSTABLE GROUND: Inform CA without delay if any newly excavated face will not remain
unsupported sufficiently long to allow the necessary earthwork support to be inserted. If the instability
is likely to affect adjacent structures or roadways, take appropriate emergency action until instructions
are obtained.
320 OBSTRUCTIONS: All obstructions and existing services encountered during the phase 1
Demolition and archaeological works have been removed/sealed off. Should further obstructions be
encountered ie: old foundations, beds, basements, filling, tanks, service pipes, drains, etc. not shown
on the drawings, do not enter and obtain instructions before proceeding.
360 EXCESS EXCAVATIONS: Backfill any excavations taken:

- Wider than required with material specified for backfilling.
Deeper than required with well graded granular material or lean mix concrete.
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DISPOSAL OF MATERIALS
All excavated material, debris and obsticles on site to be disposed in accordance with the Expo
Requirements. Contractors to make themselves aware of the Expo requirements.
450 WATER: Keep all excavations free from water until formations are covered and
below ground constructions are completed.
454 GROUND WATER LEVEL: The existing ground water level is to be confirmed on site by the
Main Contractor. Ground water is not forseen as a problem.
457 PUMPING:
Do not disturb excavated faces or the stability of adjacent ground or structures.
Avoid flooding of the site, or adjoining property, by disposal of pumped water.
Construct sumps, and/or settlement tanks, which may be required, clear of the excavations
and fill as specified on completion.
Method statement of any proposed pumping regime/procedure is to be submitted to the CA
prior to any of the works commencing on site for review and comments.
510 HAZARDOUS, AGGRESSIVE OR UNSTABLE MATERIALS:

- Do not import or use fill materials which would, either in themselves or in combination
with other material or ground water, give rise to a health hazard, damage to building structures or
instability in the filling.
- Soluble sulphate content of imported materials for filling must not exceed 1 g/litre
when tested to BS 1377:Part 3, clause 5, using a 2:1 water-soil extract.
530 PLACING FILL GENERALLY:

- Ensure that excavations and areas to be filled are free from loose soil, rubbish and
standing water.
- Do not use frozen materials or materials containing ice. Do not place fill on frozen
surfaces.
- Place and compact fill against structures, membranes or buried services in a
sequence and manner which will ensure stability and avoid damage.
- Plant employed for transporting, laying and compacting must be suited to the type of
material.
600 BACKFILLING TO FOUNDATIONS:

- Under oversite concrete and pavings: Hardcore as clause 650.
- Under grassed or landscaped areas: Material excavated from the trench, laid and
compacted in layers not exceeding 300mm.
650 HARDCORE:
- Granular material, free from harmful matter and excessive dust or clay, well graded,
passing a 75 mm BS sieve and one of the following:
- Crushed hard rock or quarry waste (other than chalk).
- Crushed concrete, brick or tile, free from plaster.
- Gravel or hoggin.
- Spread and level both backfilling and general filling in layers not exceeding 150 mm.
Thoroughly compact each layer with a vibratory roller, vibrating plate compactor, vibro- tamper, power
rammer or other suitable means.
670 VENTING HARDCORE LAYER:

- Clean granular material, well graded, passing a 75 mm BS sieve but retained on a 20
mm BS sieve and in any one layer only one of the following:
- crushed hard rock
5
- crushed concrete, crushed brick or tile, free from plaster

- gravel.
- Spread and level both backfilling and general filling in layers not exceeding 150 mm.
Thoroughly compact each layer using a vibrating roller, vibrating plate compactor, or other suitable
means.
700 HARDCORE UNDER CONCRETE SLABS: As clause 650 and not less than 225 mm thick.
Excavate extra material as necessary. Increase thickness as necessary to make up levels from
stripped site levels to underside of slabs.
750 BLINDING TO HARDCORE:

- Surfaces to receive sheet overlays or concrete to have sufficient sand, fine gravel,
PFA or other approved fine material applied to provide a close smooth surface, minimum 50mm thick.
- Permissible deviations on surface level: +0, -25 mm.
751 HARDCORE TESTING
- There shall not be used or specified for use in the construction of the works any
substances or materials which are not in accordance with Local Standards or Codes of
Practice in so far as they may be applicable or relevant (and if there are no Irish Standards
or Codes of Practice then the appropriate British Standards and Codes which shall be
applicable or relevant) or any materials or substances known to the building trade or
profession at the time of specification to be deleterious to health or safety or the durability or
suitability of the Works in the particular circumstances in which the same is used.
- Hardcore materials used in backfill, excavations, floors, road bases etc should be
certified by a competent laboratory that they are of a suitable nature and quality in relation to
the purpose and conditions of their use. They should be chemically analysed to check is
such materials contain any chemicals, which should also include the petrographic indicator
or swelling potential.
- The chemical testing and limits to be achieved shall be as follows:
Chemical Testing in accordance with BS EN 1744-1:1998 clause 11 (total Sulphur) and

clause 12 (Acid soluble sulphate)
Limits for chemical requirements in accordance with tables 12 and 13 of BS EN 13242:2002

(E) Clause 6 and special note that if pyrrhotite (FeS) an unsuitable form of iron sulphate is
present then total sulphur of 0.4% should apply.
Codes/specifications in accordance with both BS EN 1744-1: 1998 and BS EN 13242:2002

(E)
- In addition to the chemical testing, petrographic analysis by a suitably experienced

and qualified petrogher shall be carried out to determine the % pyrite present.
Frequency of testing should be 1 petrographic and 1 chemical suite (ie acid soluble sulphate
and (S) total sulphur test only) per building.
Based in accordance with CTQ-M 200 material is deemed acceptable:
If pyrite equivalent is <0. 5%

If pyrite equivalent is < 1% however this is subject to approval by the engineer who with
regard for this calculation and historical use of this material will decide whether material is
6
acceptable or unacceptable for incorporation into the works. This is generally the category
of material used in Dublin.
The following hardcore is acceptable in each area which meet the requirements set out in
I.S. EN 13242:2002 +A1 :2016 – Aggregates for unbound and hydraulically bound materials
for use in civil engineering work and road construction or similar approved.
Hardcore under raft foundation: T.1 0/40mm for crushed gravel
Hardcore under vehicular paving: T.1 0/40mm for crushed gravel
Hardcore under pedestrian paving: T.1 0/40mm for crushed gravel
Blinding: T.3 0/4mm blinding
E05 IN SITU CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION GENERALLY
110 ARRANGEMENT OF INFORMATION: The different parts of in situ concrete

construction are specified in separate sections as follows:
E10 In situ concrete mixes, casting and curing
E20 Formwork
E30 Reinforcement
E40 Designed joints
E41 Worked finishes/Cutting
Clauses dealing with particular aspects of certain types of construction may thus be
dispersed over several sections.
225 TEMPERATURE RECORDS
The ambient temperature should not be above 40°C, or is expected to reach such a level
during concreting.
Temperature of concrete should not be more than 30°C
Requirement: Throughout period of concrete construction record:

Daily: Maximum and minimum atmospheric shade temperatures.
Under adverse temperature conditions: Temperature at commencement and end of placing.
Equipment: Contractor's choice.
Location: In the shade, close to the structure.
235 OPENINGS, INSERTS AND FIXINGS
Requirement: Collate all information.
Submit: Details where openings, inserts and fixings can only be accommodated by
adjustments to reinforcement.
Locate reinforcement: To ensure specified minimum cover at openings and inserts and to be
clear of fixing positions.
All openings to be formed in accordance with typical ope detail on drawings
290 ACCURACY OF CONSTRUCTION
Reference system: To BS 5964-1
Element shape and position: To BS 5606.
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310 SURFACE REGULARITY OF CONCRETE FLOORS
Sudden irregularities not permitted. When measured with a slip gauge to BS 8204: Part 1 or
2, Figure 3 or equivalent, the variation in gap under a straightedge (with feet) placed
anywhere on the surface to be not more than the following:
- Floors which are to be self-finished, and floors to receive sheet or tile finishes directly
bedded in adhesive:
5 mm under a 3 m straightedge
- Floors to receive screeds/toppings/beds up to 50 mm thick:
10 mm under a 3 m straightedge.
- Floors to receive mastic asphalt flooring or underlay laid over mastic asphalt levelling
coat(s):
10 mm under a 3 m straightedge.
- Floors to receive mastic asphalt flooring or underlay laid direct:
SR1 from BS 8204-1
510A EXPOSED CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION: The following clauses in other sections

relate specifically to exposed concrete:
Concrete mix: E10/100-102
Curing periods: E10/820
Protection: E10/840
Formwork ties: E20/360
Plain smooth finish: E20/620
Fine smooth finish: E20/630
Rough board finish: E20/640
Ribbed finish: E20/650
Proprietary form lining finish: E20/660
Finish for abrasive blasting: E20/700
Finish for tooling: E20/710
Cover spacers: E30/491
Rust staining: E30/510
Checking cover: E30/520
Construction joints: E40/140
Sealant E40/530
Abrasive blasted finish: E41/420
Tooled finish: E41/430.
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E10 IN SITU CONCRETE MIXES, CASTING AND CURING

To be read with Preliminaries/General conditions.
DESIGNED CONCRETE TO BE USED FOR RAFT FOUNDATION AND ROOF DECK -

C32/40
• Compressive strength class (cylinder/cube): C32/40
• Aggregates: To BS EN 12620
- Size (maximum): 20mm.
• Cement: OPC
• Design chemical class: (use DC3 as a minimum) for super structure and refer to the Soil
Report for the sub structure and concrete in contact with soil
• Limiting values for composition:
- W/C ratio (maximum): 0.35
- Cement Content: 380-420 kg/m3.
• Cement Replacement
For substructure (below ground level) 36%-65% GGBS or 26%-35% fly ash as required to
satisfy the durability requirements and concrete workability.
Micro silica: condensed silica fume to BS 6699, maximum weight 8% of the total cementitious
materials
• Chloride class: As per soil report for substructure and concrete against soil.
• Admixtures: To BS EN 934-2, BS 3892 1-3, BS 5075-1 and BS 5075-3 as appropriate.
• The maximum total percentage of chloride ion by mass of cement: 0.15% including
cementitious additive.
• The total content of acid soluble sulphates shall not exceed 3% by weight of cement including
cementitious additive.
• Rate of sampling for compressive strength testing: one sample ( 6 cubes ) per 20 m³ or 20
batches whichever represents the lesser volume, but not less than one for each day of use.
• The alkali content (Na2O and K2O) of the concrete shall not exceed 3 kg/m³
• Information to be provided by the producer: As BS 5328-3, clause 3.
• Maximum Slump = 200 mm ± 25mm for concrete with admixture.
CONCRETE MIXES
Mix Ref C16/20 C25/30 C28/35 C28/35
Location Blinding/Lean External Civils Cavity infill Architectural

mix works screed
Generally (excluding
structural
screed
Strength Class C16/20 C25/30 C28/35 C28/35

Nominal Maximum 20 20 10 20
Aggregate Size, mm
Types of Aggregate
Coarse I.S. EN 12620 I.S. EN 12620 I.S. EN 12620 I.S. EN 12620
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Other N/A N/A N/A N/A

Fine I.S.EN 12620 I.S.EN 12620 I.S.EN 12620 I.S.EN 12620
Other N/A N/A N/A N/A
Cement type(s) or CEM I, CEM CEM I, CEM CEM I, CEM CEM I, CEM
combination types(s) II/A-L,LL, CEM II/A-L,LL, CEM II/A-L,LL, CEM II/A-L,LL, CEM
complying with: II/A-V, II/A-V, II/A-V, II/A-V,
CEMII/A-S CEMII/A-S CEMII/A-S CEMII/A-S
GGBS to BS 6699 50% GGBS 50% GGBS 50% GGBS 50% GGBS
Applicable Exposure X0 XC3 X0 XC1

Classes (As in IS XD1
EN 206-1 or
XF1
combinations)
XA1
Chloride Content Cl 1,0 Cl 1,0 Cl 1,0 Cl 1,0
Class EN206-1 2002
– Table 10, adjusted
to NA.2.8 referring
to table NA.4
Minimum Cement 230 300 300 300
Content Kg/m3
Maximum Free 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6
Water/Cement Ratio
Quality Assurance Third Party Third Party Third Party Third Party
Requirements Certificate Certificate Certificate Certificate
Other requirements
Slump Class S2/S3 S2/S3 S3 S2/S3

Sampling and As per E10 500 As per E10 500 As per E10 500 As per E10 500
Testing
Note an accelerator or retarder is not to be used in concrete on this project.

Refer to E10/500 for testing requirements
MATERIALS, BATCHING AND MIXING
215 READY-MIXED CONCRETE must be used for all concrete and must be obtained from a plant
which holds current certification meeting the requirements of the NACCB, Category 2 for product
conformity. Each mix must be obtained from only one source unless otherwise approved. Confirm name
and address of depot(s) to Engineer before any concrete is delivered. Retain all delivery notes for
inspection.
255 CEMENTS:
- The following abbreviations apply:
Class 42.5N CEM 1, CEM 11/A, CEM 11/B, CEM 111/A, CEM 111/B
ggbs Ground granulated blastfurnace slag
pfa Pulverized fuel ash
- Cements, ggbs and pfa must comply with the relevant British Standards. Portland
cements must have cement certification meeting the requirements of the NACCB, Category 2 for product
conformity.
305 NATURAL AGGREGATES FOR DESIGNED/PRESCRIBED MIXES: To give a drying shrinkage
of concrete not exceeding 0.075% when tested to BS 812:Part 120.
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315 AGGREGATES FOR EXPOSED WORK: To BS 882, of consistent colour, free from absorbent
particles which may cause 'popouts', and other particles such as coal and iron sulphide which may be
unsightly or cause unacceptable staining. Obtain from one source, and ensure that adequate supplies can
be maintained throughout the contract. Provide samples of proposed aggregates on request.
325 EXPOSED CONCRETE: Obtain approval before altering constituent materials or proportions of
concrete, which will be exposed in the finished work.
355 RISK OF ALKALI SILICA REACTION IN DESIGNED/PRESCRIBED MIXES: Take one of the
precautions specified for Designated mixes in clause 5.5.7 of BS 5328: Part 2. Inform CA/Structural
Engineer if this necessitates a change in specification. Submit evidence of compliance to CA/Structural
Engineer before making concrete for use in the Works.
415 ADMIXTURES FOR DESIGNED/PRESCRIBED MIXES:
To BS 5075.
Use only if specified or approved, and then in accordance with their manufacturer's
recommendations.
Do not use admixtures containing calcium chloride.
Ensure that admixtures are compatible with all other materials, including other admixtures.
418d Consistence (Slump):

Consistence class is to be in accordance with the requirements of S2 (EN206) unless agreed in
writing. Flowing concrete, or consistence in excess of S2, is only allowed when the mix design
is altered to accommodate such a requirement with the approval of the Consulting Structural
Engineer and Cementaid.
418f Reinforcement:
All reinforcement shall be high tensile rib deformed bar to the Consulting Structural Engineer’s
detail drawings.
418j Curing and Cooling:
Proper curing shall be carried out in accordance with BS8110 or equivalent. For slabs, curing
should start immediately after finishing and as soon as the concrete can withstand a man’s
weight without marking. For larger slabs, curing should be done in sections and this is
especially the case with powerfloat finishes where commencement of curing must not be
delayed. For walls, the top surface must be appropriately covered as soon as finishing is
complete. Curing of the walls must commence immediately the formwork is removed. All
concrete surfaces are to be protected from direct sunlight and frost by appropriate covering
during the curing period. The curing time should be for a minimum of 72 hours after placement
or longer as specified. Spray-on curing membranes are not recommended unless the
immediate use of plastic sheeting over wet hessian will mark the concrete. Where a resin-
based curing membrane is used under such circumstances, it should have a minimum 90%
efficiency rating. Covering with wet hessian and plastic sheeting should commence as soon as
practicable thereafter.
18k Loading:
11
Loading of the structure, including back-filling, is not permitted until the concrete has reached
the strength specified by the Consulting Structural Engineer and approval has been given.
490 PROPERTIES OF FRESH CONCRETE to be determined by the Contractor in consultation with

the concrete supplier to suit the on site circumstances and methods, but in all respects maintaining
compliance with this Specification.
TESTING/CERTIFICATION
500 SAMPLES OF FRESH CONCRETE should be sampled at a rate of one sample per 20 cubic m, or
one sample per days use of that particular mix if less than 12 cubic m is used. From each sample a
minimum of four standard 150 cubes shall be made. A minimum of one cube shall be tested at 7 days and
two after 28 days. The remaining cube shall be kept in a suitable environment for the duration of the
contract and only tested when/if instructed by the engineer.
510 COMPLETE CORRELATED RECORDS must be maintained for each Designed and Prescribed
mix including:
Information in accordance with BS 5328:Part 3, clauses 3.1 and 3.2.
All sampling, site tests and identification numbers of all specimens tested in the laboratory.
The location of the part(s) of the structure represented by each sample.
The location in the structure of the batch from which each sample is taken.
520 TEST LABORATORY: All specified testing of concrete other than slump testing of cubes, to be
carried out by an approved laboratory. Submit the name of the selected laboratory to CA/Structural
Engineer as soon as possible and in any case before making trial mixes or concrete for use in the works.
- A digital copy of the test reports in pdf to be issued to the Engineer within one day
of completion of each test.
- 2 hard copies of reports to be issued to CA for information purposes
A schedule of cube results summarising: the cube reference; location of each the mix; date of the pour;
the slump; the date of the tests and the cube test results (7 and 28 day) to be issued to the Engineer
weekly in a suitable digital format
A complete set of reports to be kept on site.
550 BROKEN CUBES: Keep separately the pieces of each cube which fails to meet the compliance
requirements for individual results. Obtain agreement of CA/Structural before discarding.
570 EARLY AGE STRENGTH TESTING: A regime of accelerated or normal curing and early testing
which is capable of predicting the 28 day strength of Designed mixes may be used for determining
compliance, subject to prior approval. If such a regime is adopted, two additional cubes must be made
from each sample and cured normally so that, in the event of non-compliance, they can be tested at 28
days to provide information, which will help in deciding the action to be taken.
580 FAILURES:
If a concrete sample fails to achieve specified criteria or to pass specified tests, inform the
Engineer without delay and submit:
Confirmation of the validity of the test results, and/or
Proposals for further tests to assess the strength of the concrete in the structure, as set out in
BS 6089, and/or
Proposals for rectification. At the expense of the Contractor.
Obtain approval of all such evidence and proposals before proceeding. The Engineer may issue
instructions for the work to be stopped or delayed until reasons for the failure have been
established, possible consequences assessed, and appropriate preventative and remedial
measures taken.
581 FAILURES: Wherever the specified sampling, testing and compliance procedures show that a
concrete mix is not in accordance with the specification (even if the work is eventually accepted), and
measures are taken to help in establishing whether or not the work is acceptable, such measures:
12
will be at the expense of the Contractor, and

will not be considered as grounds for extension of time.
PLACING AND COMPACTING

620 TIMING OF WATERTIGHT CONSTRUCTION: On hot and/or sunny days, either suspend placing
of watertight concrete, or carry out placing during the late afternoon or evening. Other methods of keeping
the concrete within an acceptable maximum temperature may be agreed with Engineer and the concrete
waterproofing admixture supplier.
630 UNDERLAY: Before placing structural concrete (not blinding concrete) on hardcore or other
absorbent substrates, lay building paper to BS 1521, Class B or polyethylene sheet, 250 micrometers
thick. Lap edges 150 mm.
640 CONSTRUCTION JOINTS:
The Contractor is to submit details of proposed locations and obtain approval before
proceeding.
Carefully brush and spray surface while concrete is still green to remove surface laitance and
expose aggregate finish. Obtain approval for any alternative method.
Surface to be clean and damp when fresh concrete is placed against it.
650 CLEANING: At time of placing ensure that all surfaces on which concrete is to be placed are
clean, with no debris, tying wire clippings, fastenings or free water.
660 INSPECTION: Inform Structural Engineer before each pour of concrete to allow inspection of
reinforcement and surfaces against which concrete is to be placed. Agree with Structural Engineer the
period of notice to be given (at least a minimum of 5 working days).
670 TRANSPORTING:
Avoid contamination, segregation, loss of ingredients, excessive evaporation and loss of
workability. Cover concrete during heavy rain.
Clean equipment immediately after use and whenever cement or aggregate is changed.
Entrained air: Anticipate effects of transport and placing methods in order to achieve specified
air content.
Use suitable walkways and barrow runs for traffic over reinforcement and freshly placed
concrete.
680 PLACING:
Record time, date and location of all pours.
Place as soon as practicable after mixing and while sufficiently plastic for full compaction. After
discharge from the mixer do not add water or retemper mixes.
Ensure that temperature of concrete is not more than 30°C in hot weather and not less than
5°C in cold weather. Do not place against frozen or frost covered surfaces.
Place in final position in one continuous operation up to construction joints. Avoid formation of
cold joints.
Do not discharge from an excessive height or through reinforcement or other obstructions in a
way which may cause uneven dispersal, segregation or loss of ingredients or adversely affect
the formwork or formed finishes. Use suitable chutes or trunking where necessary.
Place in layers no thicker than can be effectively compacted with the equipment being used,
without delay between layers. Merge together by compaction.
Do not use vibrators to make concrete flow horizontally into position, except where necessary to
achieve full compaction under void formers and cast in accessories and at vertical joints.
690 COMPACTING: Fully compact concrete to full depth (until air bubbles cease to appear on the top
surface), especially around reinforcement, cast-in accessories, into corners of formwork and at joints.
Ensure amalgamation with previous batches, but do not damage adjacent partly hardened concrete. Use
appropriate type(s) of mechanical vibration for all concrete except blinding.
730 PLASTIC SETTLEMENT: At the top of deep sections and at significant changes in the depth of
concrete sections, closely and continuously inspect the fresh concrete for signs of settlement during the
first few hours after placing. While the concrete is still capable of being fluidised by the vibrator, revibrate
as necessary to remove settlement cracking, which may be forming either on the top surface or against
the upper part of the vertical formwork.
13
CURING AND PROTECTION

810 CURING: Prevent surface evaporation from concrete throughout the period(s) specified below by:
Retaining formwork in position and, if necessary, covering surfaces immediately after striking,
and
Covering top surfaces immediately after placing and compacting each bay, removing covering
only to permit any finishing operations and replacing immediately thereafter.
Maintain surface temperature above 5°C throughout the periods specified below or four days,
whichever is the longer.
Maintain detailed records of location and timing of casting of individual batches, removal of
formwork and removal of coverings. Keep on site, available for inspection.
811 CURING: Coverings for curing may be suitable impervious sheet materials or a suitable curing
compound containing a fugitive dye and with an efficiency of at least 75%. (90% for surfaces exposed to
abrasion). They:
Must be effective in preventing evaporation, particular attention being paid to sealing at edges
and junctions.
Must not disfigure permanently exposed surfaces.
Must not affect the satisfactory bond of subsequent construction and finishes.
Curing compounds applied to surfaces which will be exposed in the finished work or which are
to receive bonded finishes must be removed by light, even grit blasting.
Until the exposed top faces of fresh concrete are in a state suitable to receive sheets in direct
contact or a sprayed curing compound as applicable, cover with waterproof sheeting held clear
of the surface and well sealed against draughts at edges and junctions.
820 CURING PERIODS, in days (t = the average number of degrees centigrade air
temperature during the curing period):
Concrete surfaces which in the finished building will be exposed to the elements; concrete
wearing surface floors and pavements; watertight concrete:
Concrete made Concrete made
using PC42.5, using PPFAC,
PC52.5, SRPC PBFC, HSBC
pfa, ggbs
Drying winds or dry, 140 180

sunny weather t+10 t+10
Intermediate 100 140

conditions t+10 t+10
Damp weather,
protected from 100 100
sun and wind t+10 t+10
- Other structural concrete surfaces (cements as above):
Drying winds or dry, 80 140

sunny weather t+10 t+10
Intermediate 60 80
conditions t+10 t+10
Damp weather,
protected from No special No special
sun and wind requirements requirements
Obtain prior approval for curing periods for mixes using admixtures or other types of cement.
822 CURING PERIODS, not less than:
Surfaces which in the finished building will be exposed to the elements, and wearing surfaces of
floors and pavements, regardless of weather conditions: 10 days
Other structural concrete surfaces: 5 days
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830 TEMPERATURE OF CONCRETE:

Prevent the build-up of high temperatures and steep temperature gradients during the first 24
hours after casting, particularly in hot weather,
Prevent rapid changes in temperature during the first 7 days after casting.
Submit proposals designed to achieve these objectives (taking into account the nature of the
design, the mix specification and the prevailing climatic conditions).
840 PROTECTION: Prevent damage to concrete, including:
Surfaces generally: From rain, indentation and other physical damage.
Surfaces to be exposed in the finished work: From dirt, staining, rust marks and other
disfiguration.
Immature concrete: From thermal shock, physical shock, overloading, movement and vibration.
In cold weather: From entrapment of water in pockets, etc. and freezing expansion thereof.
15
E20 FORMWORK FOR IN SITU CONCRETE

GENERALLY/PREPARATION
110 LOADINGS: Design and construct formwork to withstand the worst combination of:
Total weight of formwork, reinforcement and concrete.
Construction loads including dynamic effects of placing, compacting and construction traffic.
Wind and Snow loads.
130 PROPPING: Provide adequate propping to prevent deflection and damage to the structure. Carry
down such props to bearings strong enough to provide adequate support. Areas requiring additional back
propping for design purposes, ie to reduce the long-term deflections, are noted on the Structural
Engineers Drawings.
170 WORK BELOW GROUND:
Vertical faces of strip footings, bases and slabs may be cast against faces of excavation,
provided:
Prior approval is obtained.
The faces are sufficiently accurate and stable.
Supports to faces are withdrawn progressively as concrete is placed.
Adequate measures are taken to prevent contamination of concrete.
Faces of walls must be cast against formwork.
210 STEELWORK: Remove all loose millscale and loose rust before encasing in concrete.
CONSTRUCTION
310 ACCURACY: Construct formwork accurately and robustly with adequate supports to produce
finished concrete to the required dimensions. Formed surfaces must be free from twist and bow (other
than any required cambers), all intersections, lines and angles being square, plumb and true.
320 JOINTS IN FORMS: Construct formwork, including joints in form linings and between forms and
completed work, to prevent loss of grout, using seals when necessary. Secure formwork tight against
adjacent concrete to prevent formation of steps.
330 INSERTS, HOLES AND CHASES:

Confirm positions and details to ensure that alterations to and decisions about their size and
location are not made without the knowledge and approval/comment of the Architect, Structural
Engineer and M&E Engineer.
Fix inserts or box out as required in correct positions before placing concrete. Form all holes
and chases; do not cut hardened concrete without approval.
336 KICKER CONSTRUCTION: Unless shown otherwise a kicker should be cast at the same time as,
and integral with, the base slab. The height of the kicker must allow for the correct fixing of the external
waterbar or jointing strips.
350 FORM TIES: No metal part of any device for securing forms is to remain within the specified
concrete cover.
360 FORM TIES for watertight concrete:
Manufacturer and reference: To be agreed with the Engineer and waterproof concrete
admixture supplier.
Plug the surface holes with semi-dry 1:3 cement sand mortar, well rammed in.
361 FORM TIES for watertight concrete:
Through bolts which are entirely withdrawn on stripping the formwork.
Seal holes with corks coated with adhesive or other approved material well rammed in from the
concealed face, and plug the other side with semidry 1:3 cement sand mortar, well rammed in.
470 RELEASE AGENTS: Type(s) which are suitable for use with the type(s) of formwork, formed
finishes and specified applied finishes. Use the same type and make throughout the entire area of any
one finish. Apply evenly to form faces, from top downwards, and to horizontal surfaces last. Use the
minimum amount necessary to obtain a clean release and prevent excessive local collection. Prevent
release agent touching the reinforcement, hardened concrete, other materials not part of the form face,
and permanent forms.
480 SURFACE RETARDERS: Do not use without approval. Prevent retarder from touching the
reinforcement.
16
STRIKING
510 RESPONSIBILITY: Strike formwork without disturbing, damaging or overloading structure, and
without disturbing props. Notwithstanding other clauses in this specification and any checking or approvals
by the Engineer, the responsibility for safe removal of any part of the formwork and any supports without
damaging the structure rests with the Contractor.
520 MINIMUM PERIODS:
The following periods (in days) for retaining formwork in position before striking apply to class
42.5 or sulphate- resisting Portland cement concrete with no cement replacement materials or
admixtures:
Type of Average mean of daily minimum
formwork and maximum air temperatures
during the period
16xºC 7xºC 3xºC
Vertical formwork to
columns, walls and
beams 0.5 0.75 1
Soffit forms to slabs 4 6 8
Props to slabs and

soffit forms to beams 10 15 20
Props to beams 14 21 28
Submit details of proposed periods for mixes using admixtures or other types of cement.
521 MINIMUM PERIODS: Alternative methods of determining minimum periods for retaining
formwork in position may be submitted for approval. The contractor is to accept responsibility
for cost of checking of proposals by Engineer and for any testing.
17
E30 REINFORCEMENT FOR IN SITU CONCRETE
REINFORCEMENT
110 QUALITY ASSURANCE: All steel reinforcement specified to comply with BS 4449 or BS
4483 and cut and bent to BS 8666 is to be obtained from firm(s) holding a valid certificate of
approval issued under a product certification scheme operated by a third party certification body
with appropriate Category 2 accreditation from the United Kingdom Accreditation Service
(UKAS).
140 PLAIN BAR REINFORCEMENT: To BS 4449, Grade 250.
150 DEFORMED BAR REINFORCEMENT: To BS 4449, Grade 500.
170 STAINLESS STEEL BAR REINFORCEMENT: To BS 6744, type [304S31], strength

grade [250]
210 FABRIC REINFORCEMENT: To BS 4483.
WORKMANSHIP
310 CUT AND BEND reinforcement to schedules and to BS 8666. Do not bend when below
5°C without approval. Steel may be warmed to not more than 100°C. Do not rebend bars
without approval. Tag bundles of reinforcement with labels to BS 8666
311 CUT AND BEND stainless steel bars to BS 8666 as for high yield bars.
317 MECHANICAL DAMAGE: Reinforcement must not be roughly handled, dropped from a
height, or subjected to shock loading or mechanical damage.
325 CLEANLINESS: At time of placing concrete, reinforcement to be clean and free of

corrosive pitting, loose millscale, loose rust, ice, oil and other substances which may adversely
affect the reinforcement, concrete, or bond between the two.
330 ADJUSTMENTS: Provide on site facilities for hand bending to deal with approved minor
adjustments.
360 PROJECTING REINFORCEMENT: Grade 250 bars may be bent to radii not less than
BS 8666, Table 3. Grade 500 bars must not be bent or straightened without approval
410 LAPS OR SPLICES: Obtain instructions if details are not shown on drawings.
420 LAPS in nominal bar reinforcement to be not less than 300 mm.
421 LAPS in fabric reinforcement, where not detailed, to be not less than 250 mm. Where
necessary seek instructions to avoid a four layer build-up at corners.
434 STRUCTURAL WELDED JOINTS will not be permitted.
444 MECHANICAL JOINTS will not be permitted, without prior agreement with the Structural
Engineer.
18
451G FIXING GENERALLY:

Unless otherwise permitted fix reinforcement in position before placing concrete. In addition to
any spacers and chairs shown on drawings or schedules, provide adequate support, tie
securely and maintain the specified cover. Comply generally with Concrete Society Report CS
101 'Spacers for reinforced concrete'.
Unless otherwise specified tie using 16 swg annealed tying wire. Ensure that tying wire does
not intrude into the concrete cover. Do not tack weld unless authorised by the PM and
recommended by the reinforcement manufacturer.
Do not fix or place reinforcement in contact with nonferrous metals.
470 TOLERANCES ON COVER:

Not less than the nominal cover minus 5 mm.
Where reinforcement is located in a particular direction in relation to only one face of a
member, not more than the nominal cover plus:
5 mm on bars up to and including 12 mm size.
10 mm on bars over 12 mm up to and including 25 mm size.
15 mm on bars over 25 mm size.
Before concreting check thoroughly that the specified cover dimensions have been obtained.
481 GROUND BEARING SLABS: Where these are reinforced with a single layer of fabric in
the upper part of the slab, either:
Lay fabric on top of the first compacted layer of concrete, followed by the top layer of concrete,
placed within two hours of the first layer, or
Fully support the fabric on suitable proprietary supports/chairs.
491 SPACERS to formed concrete finishes, if permitted (see section E20) to be approved
type(s).
500 DAMAGE: Prevent damage to and disfigurement of forms, form linings and adjacent
work.
510 RUST STAINING: Prevent rust staining of surfaces of concrete which will be exposed to
view in the finished work, caused by, e.g. rust stained formwork or unprotected projecting
reinforcement.
520G CHECKING COVER: Check the position of the reinforcement in the hardened concrete
as soon as practicable after casting using a magnetic induction digital display type cover meter
in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations and BS 1881-204. Pay particular attention
to columns, beams, cantilevers, soffits of slabs and all faces which will be exposed to the
weather in the finished building. Inform CA when such checking is to be carried out, confirm
that it has been carried out and that the results were satisfactory.
19
E40 DESIGNED JOINTS IN IN-SITU CONCRETE
110 ACCURACY: All joints to be accurately located, straight and well-aligned, and truly vertical or
horizontal or parallel with the setting out lines of the building.
120 CONSTRUCTION/MOVEMENT JOINTS:

- Form joints accurately to detail and in locations shown on the drawings.
- If modifications to any joint design or location are necessary on site, agree revisions with
CA before proceeding.
- Do not allow concrete to enter any gaps or voids in the formwork or to render the
movement joints ineffective.
- Do not allow concrete to impregnate or penetrate any materials used as compressible
joint fillers.
- Do not place concrete simultaneously on both sides of movement joints.
131 CONSTRUCTION JOINTS IN WATERTIGHT CONCRETE, additional to joints required by the

designer, will normally be permitted, as agreed with the CA.
If such additional joints are required, allow accordingly in the rates. Obtain approval of
proposed locations.
141 CONSTRUCTION JOINTS IN CONCRETE EXPOSED TO VIEW, additional to joints required by

the designer, will normally be permitted, as agreed with the CA.
proposed locations.
151 CONSTRUCTION JOINTS IN CONCRETE WEARING SURFACE FLOORS, additional to joints

required by the designer, will normally be permitted, as agreed with the CA.
proposed locations.
210 FORMED JOINTS: Construct using rigid, grout-tight side forms or stop ends designed to
accommodate projecting bars or fabric without temporary bending or displacement.
211 FORMED JOINTS in concrete wearing surface floors:

- Forms to be square edged with a steel top surface and in good condition.
- Compact thoroughly at edges to give level, closely abutted joints with no lipping.
220 PRECAST CONCRETE PERMANENT SIDE FORMS:

Manufacturer and reference: Contractor proposal to be agreed with the CA.
230 ROUGHENING OF CONSTRUCTION JOINT FACES: Brush and spray surface of construction
joints while concrete is still green to leave a thoroughly roughened exposed aggregate finish.
240 BOTTOM OF SLAB CRACK INDUCER:

- Fix securely to sub-base by nailing or other method.
250 INSERTED STRIP CRACK INDUCER:

- Fully compact and level the concrete, insert steel T bar and withdraw to form void,
carefully insert strip to accurate line and level, then recompact and relevel the slab on both sides.
260 CRACK INDUCING GROOVES:

- As shown on drawings
- Form grooves by inserting temporary strips into the fully compacted concrete, recompact
and relevel the slab, and remove strips.
Alternatively, if the type of aggregate used so permits, cut grooves with a saw sufficiently
early to prevent random cracking (within 24 hours of casting the slab).
- Seal grooves as clause 530.
310 FLEXIBLE WATERSTOPS:

20
- Manufacturer and reference: As required by the Waterproof concrete admixture suppliers

requirements and details.
- All junctions and angles must be formed with the junction pieces recommended by the
manufacturer. Straight butt joints to be made on site as recommended by the manufacturer.
- Maintain waterstops in correct position while concrete is placed. Fully compact concrete
around waterstops to ensure that no voids or porous areas remain.
410 TIE BARS:

- To BS 4449, Grade 250, clean and free from loose millscale, loose rust, ice, oil and other
deleterious substances.
- Fix securely at the stated centres, at the required depth and centred on the joints.
420 MESH TIE STRIPS:

- To BS 4483, clean and free from loose millscale, loose rust, ice, oil and other deleterious
substances.
- Fix securely at the required depth with the width of the mesh strip centred on the joint.
430 DOWEL BARS:

- To BS 4449, Grade 500, perfectly straight, with sawn (not sheared) ends.
- Coat half of each bar with a suitable proprietary debonding compound or fit with a suitable
plastics sleeve.
- Fix bars securely at the required depth, perfectly level, at right angles to and centred on
the joint.
- At expansion joints fit an approved type of cap incorporating not less than 20 mm of
compressible material to debonded ends of all bars.
440 SLIDING DOWEL SYSTEM:

510 SHEET MEMBRANE for sliding joints:

520 SHEET JOINT FILLER for expansion joints:

- Manufacturer and reference: Contractor proposal to be agreed with the CA.
- Fix accurately in position. Ensure that sufficient space is left for sealant by using
temporary formers.
530 SEALANT FOR JOINTS

- As shown on drawings
- Prepare joints and apply sealant as section Z22.
540 PREFORMED COMPRESSIBLE SEALING STRIPS for

Joints as shown on drawings
21
E41 WORKED FINISHES TO IN-SITU CONCRETE
320 TROWELLED FINISH to receive tiled or carpet covering

Float concrete to an even surface with no ridges or steps, then immediately commence curing
as specified in section E10.
When the concrete is suitably stiff, hand or power trowel to give a uniform smooth but not
polished surface, free from trowel marks and other blemishes, and suitable to receive the
specified flooring material.
Resume specified curing without delay.
Protect the surface from construction traffic until flooring material is laid.
If, because of inadequate finishing or protection, the surface of the concrete is not suitable to
receive the specified flooring material, it must be made good by application of a smoothing
compound by and to the satisfaction of the flooring subcontractor. Allow for the cost of any such
making good.
330 TROWELLED FINISH for wearing surfaces:

Float concrete to an even surface with no ridges or steps, then immediately commence curing
as specified in section E10.
Successively hand or power trowel at intervals, applying sufficient pressure to close the
surface, to give a uniform smooth finish free from trowel marks and other blemishes.
Resume specified curing without delay.
Complete a sample area of the finished work, size 10 sq m , in advance of the remainder, in an
approved location, and obtain approval of appearance before proceeding.
410 POWER GROUND FINISH for wearing surfaces:

Float to an even surface with no ridges or steps, then immediately commence curing as
specified in section E10.
When concrete is sufficiently hard for sand particles not to be torn from the surface, power
grind to remove 1-2 mm from surface to give an even glass-paper texture, free from blemishes
and trowel marks.
Remove all dust and wash down. Resume specified curing without delay.
Complete a sample area of the finished work, size 30 sq m, in advance of the remainder, in an
510 SURFACE HARDENER: Not less than three weeks after casting, clean surface of concrete by
wetting with soap suds and scrubbing with wire brush and fine steel wool. Mop up and scrub with fibre
brush and clean water. Allow to dry thoroughly for several days then apply an approved proprietary
chemical surface hardener to manufacturer's recommendations.
520 SURFACE SEALER: Apply an approved resin sealer to concrete wearing surface floors in
accordance with manufacturer's recommendations.
22
E42 FORMED FINISHES TO IN-SITU CONCRETE

605 GENERAL: Provide a plain smooth finish to all exposed concrete surfaces in the substructure.
Provide a fine smooth finish to all exposed concrete surfaces in the superstructure.
610 BASIC FINISH: no particular requirements, except those for tolerances and full compaction.
615 FINISH TO RECEIVE ASPHALT TANKING:
Produce an even finish with a sheet material (e.g. plywood), suitable to receive asphalt, and
acceptable to asphalt contractor.
Avoid excessive use of release agents.
Abrupt irregularities to be not greater than 3 mm.
Gradual irregularities, expressed as a maximum permissible deviation from a 1 m straight edge,
to be not greater than 3 mm.
Blowholes less than 10 mm in diameter will be permitted but otherwise surface to be free from
voids, honeycombing, segregation and other large defects.
Making good: Projecting fins are to be removed and rubbed down with a carborundum stone
but otherwise the finish is to be left as struck. Making good of small defects will normally be
permitted after inspection by Architect.
- Arises to be chamfered as shown on drawings.

- Formwork tie holes to be filled with mortar.
620 PLAIN SMOOTH FINISH:
Produce an even finish with a sheet material (e.g. plywood), with panels arranged in a regular
pattern as a feature of the surface.
Abrupt irregularities to be not greater than 5 mm. Gradual irregularities, expressed as maximum
permissible deviation from a 1 m straight edge, to be not greater than 5 mm.
Variation in colour resulting from the use of an impermeable form lining will be permitted but the
surface to be free from discoloration due to contamination or grout leakage.
voids, honeycombing, segregation and other large defects.
but otherwise the finish is to be left as struck. Making good of small defects will normally be
permitted after inspection by Architect.
Arrises to be chamfered as shown on the drawings.
Formwork tie holes to be in an approved regular pattern, filled with matching mortar to an
approved sample.
23
630 FINE SMOOTH FINISH:

Produce a smooth even finish with an impervious sheet material (e.g. resin film faced plywood),
with panels as large as is practicable and arranged in an approved regular pattern as a feature
of the surface. Do not replace parts of formwork panels where this may cause a change of
colour in the concrete.
Abrupt irregularities to be not greater than 3 mm. Gradual irregularities, expressed as maximum
permissible deviation from a 1 m straight edge, to be not greater than 3 mm.
Variation in colour resulting from the use of an impermeable form lining will be permitted but the
surface is to be free from discoloration due to contamination or grout leakage.
Cover spacers: Do not use without approval.
voids, honeycombing, segregation and other defects.
but otherwise the finish is to be left as struck. Making good will not normally be permitted.
Arrises to be chamfered as shown on the drawings.
Formwork tie holes to be in an approved regular pattern, filled with matching mortar to an
approved sample.
640 BOARD MARK FINISH
Architectural board mark finish to be achieved with panels of timber boards to finish Class F8,
with panels as large as is practicable and arranged in an approved regular pattern as a feature
of the surface. Do not replace parts of formwork panels where this may cause a change of
colour in the concrete.
24
E60 PRECAST/COMPOSITE CONCRETE FLOORS/ROOF DECKS

PERFORMANCE SPECIFIED FLOORS/ROOF DECKS
210 PRECAST STAIR FLIGHTS/ FLIGHTS AND INTEGRAL HALF LANDINGS.

- Drawing reference(s): Structural Engineering S1000 Series; stair drawings.
- Type of construction: Contractors proposal to be agreed with the Architect and Structural
Engineer
- Overall depth (excluding finishes): To manufacturers’ design and detail
- Distributed dead load of finishes, fixtures, non-located partitions: To manufacturers and
architects detail
211 PRECAST FLOOR: To Steel Bride Street Entrance Structure.

- Drawing reference(s): Structural Engineering S1500 Series; Entrance structure drawings.
- Type of construction:Contractor’s proposal to be agreed with the Architect and Engineer.
- Overall depth (excluding finishes): Solid Units and structural screed to the Manufacturer’s
design and detail, to be agreed with the Architect and Structural Engineer, also refer to the drawings.
- Max Span: Refer to the Engineers and Architects drawings.
- Self weight: As defined by the manufacturer’s design.
- Distributed dead load of finishes, fixtures, unlocated partitions: 2.5 kN/sq m
- Concentrated dead load(s): 0
- Distributed imposed load: 5 kN/sq m
- Concentrated imposed load(s): 0
- Deflection: To Manufacturers Specification.
- Basic fire resistance as clause 280: refer to the fire certificate.
- In situ reinforcement: To manufacturer’s spec.
- In situ concrete: To manufacturer’s spec.
- Finish to soffit: To CA specification
- Finish to top surface: To architects detail
Precast floor unit drawings: Structural Engineering S1500 Series; Entrance structure drawings.
212 PRECAST FLOOR: To future ‘removable roof’ to plantroom area.

- Drawing reference(s): S502 and associated details, also refer to the Architect’s drawings.
- Type of construction: Contractor proposal to be agreed with the Architect and Structural
Engineer.
- Overall depth (excluding finishes): Hollow Units and structural screed to the
Manufacturer’s design and detail, to be agreed with the Architect and Structural Engineer, also refer to the
drawings.
- Max Span: Refer to the Engineers and Architect’s drawings.
- Self weight: 2.75 kN/Sq M (Excluding screed)
- Distributed dead load of finishes, fixtures, unlocated Lanscape planter boxes, to be
confirmed with the Planter maufacturer and Landscape contractor, take a minimum of :11kN/m2.
- Concentrated dead load(s): 0
- Distributed imposed load: 5 kN/sq m
- Concentrated imposed load(s): 0
- Deflection: To Manufacturers Specification.
- Basic fire resistance as clause 280: refer to the fire certificate.
- In situ reinforcement: To manufacturer’s spec.
- In situ concrete: To manufacturer’s spec.
- Finish to soffit: To Architects specification
- Finish to top surface: To architects details
Precast Floor unit drawings: S502 and associated details, also refer to the Architect’s drawings.
25
250 DESIGN: Complete the design of the floor deck in accordance with BS 8110 and to meet the
requirements of this specification. The floor deck must withstand the worst combination of dead and
imposed loads, both in the finished building and during construction.
260 COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION: Design to be fully continuous over supports.
280 BASIC FIRE RESISTANCE, as specified in the fire certificate, and must be determined without
regard to applied finishes and in accordance with BS 8110:Part 2, section 4 or by testing to BS 476:Part 8
(if assessed prior to 1 January 1988) or BS 476:Part 21.
F MASONRY
F10 BRICK/BLOCK WALLING
110 CLAY FACING BRICKWORK to external walls

- Bricks: To BS 3921.
Manufacturer and reference: To Architect’s specification
Special shapes: none
- Mortar: As section Z21.
Mix: 1:1:5-6 cement:lime:sand
Special colour: To the Architect’s specification
35 COMMON BLOCKWORK to Internal and External Walls

- Blocks: Concrete to BS 6073:Part 1 or solid type A(5) to IS 20.
Minimum average compressive strength: 10 N/mm2 and where this is stated otherwise on
the drawings, this specification note will take precedence over same. This shall apply to the main building,
manholes, substation, boundary walls and all other structures forming part of these works. Similarly prior
to use of any blockwork on this project, the contractor is to confirm that all blockwork is fit for its intended
use.
Work size(s): 440x215x100
Finish/colour: coloured or marked to be clearly distinguishable from blocks of other
strength classes. All blocks used at any time during the contract to have the same distinguishing mark or
colour
Special colour: as above
Special shapes: none
- Mortar: As section Z21, mix: 1:1:5-6 cement:lime:sand for unreinforced blockwork
51 BASIC WORKMANSHIP:
- Store bricks/blocks in stable stacks clear of the ground. Protect from inclement weather
and keep clean and dry.
- Build walls in stretching half lap bond when not specified otherwise.
- Lay bricks/blocks on a full bed of mortar; do not furrow. Fill all cross joints and collar
joints; do not tip and tail.
- Rack back when raising quoins and other advance work. Do not use toothing.
- Bring both leaves of cavity walls to the same level at
- Every course containing rigid ties.
- Every third tie course for double triangle/butterfly ties.
- Courses in which lintels are to be bedded.
- Do not carry up any one leaf more than 1.5 m in one day unless permitted by the CA.
60 ALTERATIONS/EXTENSIONS:
- Arrange brick courses to line up with existing work.
- Unless otherwise specified or agreed block bond new walls to existing by cutting pockets
not less than 100 mm deep, the full thickness of the new wall, and:
Brick to brick: 4 courses high at 8 course centres.
Brick to block, block to brick or block to block: Every alternate block course.
Bond new walling into pockets with all voids filled solid.
26
- Except where a straight vertical joint is specified, new and existing facework in the same
plane to be tooth bonded together at every course to give a continuous appearance.
- Where new lintels or walling are to support existing structure, completely fill top joint with
semidry mortar, hard packed and well rammed to ensure full load transfer after removal of temporary
supports.
65 FIRE STOPPING: Fill joints around joist ends built into cavity walls with mortar to seal cavities
from interior of building.
66 FIRE STOPPING: Ensure a tight fit between brickwork and cavity barriers to prevent fire and
smoke penetration.
70 HOLES, RECESSES AND CHASES IN MASONRY: Comply with the relevant clause in section
P31.
27
F30 ACCESSORIES/SUNDRY ITEMS FOR BRICK/BLOCK/ STONE WALLING
11 WALL TIES FOR ALL CAVITY WALLS

To DD 140 and Agreement Certified
Material/finish: Stainless Steel
Size(s): 225 mm
260 ANGLE SUPPORTS FOR OUTER LEAF

- Manufacturer and reference: Ancon or similar approved.
Material: Ancon MDC
Size: To Ancon’s specification
- Fixings (complete with washers and shims): To Ancon’s specification
280 FIXING TIES IN MASONRY CAVITY WALLS WITH FULL FILL CAVITY INSULATION:
- Bed not less than 50 mm into bed joint of each leaf.
- Slope downwards towards outer leaf with drip centred in the cavity and pointing
downwards. Do not bend ties to suit coursing.
- At 750 mm centres horizontally, and 450 mm centres vertically, unless specified
otherwise.
- Space top (eaves) row of ties at 450 mm centres.
- Provide additional ties within 225 mm of reveals of unbonded openings at every course of
blockwork or vertically at 300 mm maximum centres.
281A WALL TIES FOR FIXING TO RC COLUMNS

To BS 1243, type Ancon PP21 with debonding sleeve and 21/28 Omega channel in
column.
Materials/finish: Galvanised Steel
Size(s): 225
282A WALL TIES FOR FIXING TO RC WALL

To BS 1243, type Ancon PP21 with debonding sleeve and 21/28 Omega channel in
column.
Material/finish: Galvanised Steel
Size(s): 225
46 DAMP PROOF COURSE:

Polyethylene to BS 6515.
Manufacturer and reference: Refer to the Architect’s specification.
62 JUNCTIONS/STOP ENDS FORMED IN SITU: Where preformed cloaks/stop ends are not
specified form three dimensional changes of shape in dpcs and/or cavity trays carefully and neatly to
ensure a fully watertight installation. Preformed cloaks/stop ends may be used in lieu, subject to approval.
66 INSTALLATION OF HORIZONTAL DPCS:

- Lay in continuous lengths on a full even bed of fresh mortar, with 100 mm laps at joints
and full laps at angles.
- Width of dpc to be at least full width of masonry leaf. Do not cover edges of dpc with
mortar.
- Where there are separate dpcs in each leaf of a cavity wall, ensure that edges do not
project into the cavity.
- Immediately lay at least one further course of masonry on a thin even bed of fresh mortar.
Keep finished joint thickness as close to normal as practicable.
- Ensure continuity of dpc with damp proof membrane at ground level.
- Ensure that dpcs at low level in external walls are never less than 150 mm above finished
ground level.
- Sill dpcs to be in one piece and turned up at the back if the sill is in contact with any part
of the inner leaf.
- Provide rigid support for dpc in cavity walls.
28
72 INSTALLATION OF GAS RESISTANT DPCS/CAVITY TRAYS:

- Overlap joints in dpc/cavity tray not less than 150 mm and heat seal to form a gas and
watertight joint.
- Ensure that dpc/cavity tray overlaps damp proof membrane by not less than 150 mm.
74 INSTALLATION OF VERTICAL DPCS

- Dpcs to be in one piece wherever possible; otherwise overlap by not less than 100 mm
with upper piece outermost.
- Ensure that dpcs to jambs of openings fully lap behind cavity tray/lintel at head and over
horizontal dpc at sill, project not less than 25 mm into cavity and are in full contact with frames.
- Fix jamb dpcs to back of timber frames which are to be built in, using galvanized clout
nails or staples.
76 MOVEMENT JOINTS WITH SEALANT: Maximum 6m centres, exact locations to be agreed with
the CA.
- Filler: Polyethylene ‘Flexcell Board’
Build in as the work proceeds ensuring no projections into cavities and correct depth of
joint to receive sealant system.
- Sealant: Mastic Sealant
Colour: To be agreed with the Architect
Prepare joints and apply sealant as section Z22.
29
F31 PRECAST CONCRETE SILLS/LINTELS/COPINGS/FEATURES
130 CONCEALED PRECAST LINTELS:

- To BS 5977:Part 2. Provide copies of calculations or test certificates showing that the design
complies with the Standard.
140 CONCEALED PRECAST LINTELS:

- Concrete: To BS 5328, Designated mix not less than RC30 or Designed mix not less than
C30, maximum nominal size of aggregate 20 mm.
- Clear span Section Bearing Reinforcement

_________________________________________________________
Up to 150 mm deep 150 mm at 1 no. 12 mm mild
900 mm x width of both ends steel bar for
wall each 105 mm of
wall thickness.
_________________________________________________________
900 to 225 mm deep 225 mm at 1 no. 16 mm mild
1800 mm x width of both ends steel bar for
wall each 105 mm of
wall thickness.
_________________________________________________________
- Minimum nominal cover to reinforcement: 20 mm.
- For greater spans and/or greater than normal loadings see detailed drawings or obtain
instructions.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
210 MOULDS must be:

- Constructed accurately to give straight, square and true components. Permissible
deviations on length +0, -6 mm, other dimensions +/- 3 mm.
- Constructed to prevent loss of grout.
- Designed to permit demoulding without damage to the components.
- Coated evenly with a suitable release agent, which must not be allowed to touch the
reinforcement.
- Maintained in clean, sound condition and inspected carefully for defects before each
reuse. Damaged moulds must not be repaired and reused if this would impair the surface appearance of
the components.
220 CONCRETE GENERALLY: Constituent materials, composition of mixes, production of concrete,

information to be provided, sampling, testing and compliance to be in accordance with BS 5328 unless
otherwise specified.
230 AGGREGATES: Unless specified otherwise:

- To comply with BS 882.
- To give a drying shrinkage of concrete not exceeding 0.075% when tested to BS 812:Part
120.
240 CHLORIDES: The total chloride ion content of the constituents of each mix, expressed as a
percentage by weight of cement (including GGBS or PFA if used) in the mix, must not exceed 0.4. Do not
use admixtures containing calcium chloride.
250 REINFORCEMENT:
- Type of reinforcement, unless otherwise specified: To BS 4449 and/or BS 4483, cut and
bent to BS 8666.
- Galvanized reinforcement: Galvanized to BS 729 after cutting, chromate treated.
- Stainless steel reinforcement: To BS 6744, type 304 or 316.
30
- In addition to reinforcement required for structural purposes, precast units must be

reinforced as necessary to resist shrinkage and handling stresses.
- Ensure that the metal of the reinforcement is compatible with the metal of any fixings and
accessories that may make contact.
- At time of placing concrete, reinforcement to be clean and free of corrosive pitting, loose
mill scale, loose rust, ice, oil and other substances which may adversely affect the reinforcement,
concrete, or bond between the two.
- Fix accurately and securely using tying wire, approved steel clips, or tack welding if
permitted. Wire or clips must not encroach into the concrete cover.
260 CASTING AND CURING:

- Thoroughly compact concrete by vibration.
- Do not demould components prematurely.
- Prevent damage to and distortion of immature components from movement, vibration,
overloading, physical shock, rapid cooling and thermal shock.
- Ensure that components are protected from sun and drying winds until they are at least 5
days old.
- Do not deliver components to site until at least 14 days after casting.
FAIR FACED COMPONENTS
320 DETAILS OF SAMPLES: After approval of appearance of samples and before making production
components:
- Confirm details of proposed aggregates, including type, maximum nominal size, grading
and source.
- Submit evidence to demonstrate compliance in respect of compressive strength and free-
water/cement ratio.
330 AGGREGATES FOR EXPOSED WORK: To BS 882, of consistent colour, free from absorbent
particles which may cause popping, and other particles such as coal and iron sulfide which may be
unsightly or cause unacceptable staining. Obtain from one source, and ensure that adequate supplies can
be maintained throughout the contract.
340 FACING MIXES:

- Use exactly the same ingredients and batch proportions for all components required to
have the same finish.
- Materials, batching and mixing must be carefully controlled to ensure consistency of
colour and appearance.
341 SEPARATE FACING AND BACKING MIXES may be used provided:

- The difference in cement content is not more than 80 kg/cu m.
- The thickness of the facing mix is at least 10 mm greater than the nominal maximum size
of aggregate, and in no case less than 25 mm.
- Reinforcement is not less than 20 mm away from the junction between mixes.
- The facing and backing mixes are placed and compacted in sequence without delay so
that they are effectively monolithic.
350 QUALITY OF FINISHES must match the approved samples and be consistent throughout the
contract. Components having arrises or faces which are broken, chipped, cracked, crazed, honeycombed,
irregular, inconsistent, stained or otherwise marred such that their appearance or performance is
significantly impaired will not be accepted.
360 GRADE AND COVER FOR EXTERNAL COMPONENTS:

- Subject to other specified requirements, the quality of concrete and nominal cover to
reinforcement (including secondary reinforcement) on faces exposed in the finished work must be related
and are to be chosen from the following:
_______________________________________________
Minimum acceptable concrete grades to BS 5328:Part 2:
- Designated mixes RC40 RC45 RC50
31
- Designated mixes C40 C45 C50
Minimum cement content (kg/cu m):

- With 20 mm aggregate 325 350 400
- With 10 mm aggregate 365 390 440
Maximum free
water/cement ratio 0.55 0.50 0.45
Air entrainment Required Required Optional

_______________________________________________
Nominal cover (mm) for:
- Exposed faces:
Single mix 50 40 30
Different mixes for

facing and backing 50 50 50
(see clause 341)
- Internal faces (protected) 30 25 20

_______________________________________________
- Nominal cover to reinforcement on bedded faces: 20 mm.
Increase the nominal cover to allow for depth of exposure on exposed aggregate finishes.
- If sulfate resisting cement is used increase nominal cover on exposed faces by 10 mm.
- If galvanized or stainless steel reinforcement is to be used submit proposals for quality of
concrete and nominal cover for approval.
- Air entrainment to be 5% by volume using an admixture to BS 5075: Part 2.
- Sample and cube test every batch of concrete.
361 GRADE AND COVER FOR EXTERNAL COMPONENTS:

- Concrete grade: C50.
Minimum cement content with 20 mm aggregate: 400 kg/cu m
Minimum cement content with 10 mm aggregate: 440 kg/cu m
Maximum free water/cement ratio: 0.45.
- Minimum nominal cover to reinforcement on exposed faces in the finished work:
Single mix: 30 mm.
Different mixes for facing and backing work (see clause 341): 50 mm.
- Nominal cover to reinforcement on internal and bedded faces: 20 mm.
370 COVER SPACERS must not be used to concrete faces which will be exposed in the finished
work. Where such faces are to be cast against a mould submit details of proposed method of ensuring the
specified cover.
380 UNIFORMITY OF METHOD: All exposed faces which are specified to be of the same finish must
be identical in appearance. If different methods of producing such faces are proposed, submit evidence
that there will be no difference in appearance and obtain approval; otherwise all such faces must be
produced in the same way.
390 INSPECTION: All completed components must be carefully inspected and checked by the
manufacturer for match with approved sample(s) and compliance with specification before despatch to
site. Make arrangements for the CA to inspect completed components in the factory.
400 DAMAGED COMPONENTS: Do not repair without approval. Such approval will not be given
where the components are badly damaged or where the proposed repair would impair appearance or
performance.
INSTALLATION
32
410 PROTECTION:
- Prevent overstressing of components during transit, handling, storage and fixing. Lift units
at designed lifting points where provided.
- Store components on level bearers clear of the ground and separate with resilient
spacers.
- Prevent damage to components and any chipping, staining, marking or dirtying of
surfaces which will be visible in the completed work.
420 LAYING:
- Unless specified otherwise, lay components on a full bed of mortar used for adjacent
work. If packing is required use slate.
- Position components accurately, true to line and level.
- Faces which will be exposed to view in the finished work to be kept clean with no mortar
encroachment. Rubbing to remove marks or stains will not be permitted.
430 SUPPORT OF EXISTING WORK: Where new lintels are to support existing structure, completely
fill top joint with semidry mortar, hard packed and well rammed to ensure full load transfer after removal of
temporary supports.
440 ONE PIECE SILLS/THRESHOLDS: Leave bed joints open except under end bearings. On
completion point with mortar to match adjacent work.
33
G10 STRUCTURAL STEEL FRAMING AND METAL COMPOSITE FLOOR

To be read with the latest edition of the National Structural Steelwork Specification for
Building Construction.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS/INFORMATION
110 DESIGN:
The structural steelwork shown on the drawings and described in this specification has been
designed to BS 5950 where applicable, unless stated otherwise.
ALL STEELWORK TO BE GALVANISED

ALL METAL FLOOR DECKS TO BE INSTALLED AS PER MANUFACTURERS
RECOMMENDATIONS WITH SHEAR STUDS AND ALL SUPPORTING BEAM –
SPECIFICATION AS PER DRAWINGS.
Steel grade(s): S355 unless noted otherwise (hereinafter noted as uno) in accordance with
tables 4-7 in BS5950-1:2000 (BS EN 10025, grade S275). Stainless Steel grade 316 noted on
relevant structural drawings in accordance with BS5950-1:2000 (BS EN 10088-2, grade 316).
Complete the design and detailing of connections to BS 5950 to satisfy loading requirements
specified or otherwise calculable from the information given.
115 DESIGN CONSTRAINTS: Unless required or permitted otherwise, comply with the following when
completing the design and detailing of the work:
Position members forming bracing systems or girders of lattice construction so that their lines of
action intersect at a point.
Bolts to be grade 8.8 high tensile and not less than 16 mm diameter.
Not less than four bolts to be used in any connection.
Welds to be 6mm continuous fillet weld (cfw) unless noted otherwise on the drawings.
120 DRAWINGS, ETC: Before preparing detailed fabrication drawings, submit:
Calculations for all major connections.
General arrangement drawings with individual steel members clearly identified.
125 SPECIFICATION:
Comply with the latest edition of the National Structural Steelwork Specification (hereinafter
called the NSSS) unless specified otherwise in this section.
Ensure that a copy of the NSSS is available at all times during the course of the Works at the
fabrication shop and on site.
FABRICATION GENERALLY
180 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS:
Inform CA when fabrication is due to start. Do not fabricate steelwork for which the drawings
have not been checked by CA.
The steelwork fabricator is to allow the structural engineer 5 working days to comment on the
fabrication drawings.
Before fabricating, ensure that surface condition of steel which is to be coated complies with
requirements for cleaning given elsewhere in this specification.
Ensure that fabrication processes do not cause changes in properties of materials resulting in
non-compliance with specified requirements.
34
190 MARKING:
Submit details of proposed methods of identifying and recording materials and components to
ensure correct use and location in the structure.
Marks to be placed in positions such that they will be visible for checking after erection.
191 MARKING of weathering steel to be on surfaces that will not be exposed to open view in the
completed work.
192 MARKING of steel that is to be blast cleaned, pickled, metal sprayed or galvanised to be done in
such a way that subsequent treatment cannot obliterate the marking.
195 HARD STAMPING: Notwithstanding NSSS clause 4.1.3(ii), hard stamping must not be used
except where specified on the drawings by the engineer.
210 END CONNECTIONS: Ensure that angle cleats, if used, project beyond ends of simply supported
members.
215 HOLLOW SECTIONS: Ensure that insides of sections are dry and clear of debris before sealing
ends and openings.
220 BASE PLATES: Make 25 mm diameter holes in all base plates more than 1 sq m in area to allow
the escape of air when grouting after erection of columns.
230 SHOP ASSEMBLY: Check fit, profile and camber before making connections in lattice girders and
trusses that are to be assembled before delivery to site.
235 SHOP INSPECTION: Give 5 working days notice before starting fabrication of structural steel
frame.
WELDING
255 WELDING ON SITE: Notwithstanding NSSS clause 8.7, site welding is not permitted unless
shown on drawings or otherwise approved. When permitted, ensure suitable, safe working conditions. Do
not weld when surfaces are wet or when the ambient temperature is below 0°C.
270 ADDITIONAL WELDS: Do not, without approval, make any welds (including tack welds) that are
not shown on the drawings, even for temporary attachment or repair of faulty plates.
290 FINISHING WELDS: Carefully dress welds to remove slag by light hammering, wire brushing or
other methods that do not deform the surface of the weld.
BOLT ASSEMBLIES
305 All BOLTS AND NUTS: To be galvanised and Design by Structural Steelwork Fabricator.
308 SPACING and distance to edge of concrete or masonry to comply with fixing manufacturer's
recommendations for maximum safe static load.
325 LOAD INDICATING WASHERS:
Manufacturer and reference: To be agreed with the Engineer.
When placed under bolt head, prevent bolt turning when tightening.
When placed under nut, protect nibs with a hardened washer and prevent both washers from
turning when tightening.
335 SPRING WASHERS: To BS 4464.
345 BOLT BOXES:
To be supplied by the steelwork fabricator for fixing by the main contractor.
Manufacturer and reference: To be agreed with the Engineer.
375 SHERARDIZED FINISH TO BOLT ASSEMBLIES:

To BS 4921, Class 1, applied by fastening manufacturer and passivated.
Use/location: All connection bolts
ERECTION
410 BEFORE COMMENCING ERECTION:
35
Not less than 7 days before proposed start date, check foundations and other structures to
which steelwork will be attached for accuracy of setting out, and holding down bolts for position,
protruding length, condition and slackness.
Report any inaccuracies and defects to Main Contractor and CA without delay.
Obtain permission of CA to commence erection.
425 MODIFICATIONS:
Inform CA of any defects due to detailing or fabrication errors.
Obtain approval of methods of rectification before starting modification or remedial work.
440 COLUMN BASES:

Raise or lower to levels specified on the drawing(s) using sawn steel packs or folding wedges
not larger than necessary for the purpose.
Position packs symmetrically around perimeter of base plate; do not use a single central pack.
Notify CA when the space beneath any column base is less than, or over 25 mm greater than
the specified dimension.
Check accuracy of erection and correct all errors before filling and bedding beneath bases and
carrying out any other adjacent work.
441 MORTAR FILLING/BEDDING OF COLUMN BASES: Completely fill bolt pockets with a neat
cement slurry and the space beneath column base plates with grout or mortar as follows:
Proprietary non-shrink grout. Fosroc or similar approved.
444 FINE CONCRETE FILLING/BEDDING OF COLUMN BASES: Completely fill bolt pockets with a
neat cement slurry and the space beneath column base plates with a 1:1:2 cement:sand:fine aggregate
mix, well tamped against properly fixed supports as filling proceeds. Maximum size of aggregate 10 mm.
445 MOVEMENT JOINTS
Coat sliding surfaces with molybdenum disulphide grease before connecting.
Ensure that bolts are in centre of slotted holes after erection of structure and that the joint is
free to move.
INSPECTION/TESTING OF STEELWORK
460 INSPECTION: Permit the CA, and/or an independent inspection authority appointed by him/her, to
inspect the work at all reasonable times and at all places where it is being carried out. Provide all facilities,
hand tools, lighting, etc. as necessary to ensure adequate inspection.
465 TESTING:
Arrange for the following testing to be carried out in accordance with the National Structural
Steelwork Specification. Prepare any necessary test pieces. Submit 1 copy of all test and
examination results to CA immediately they are available.
Test: non-destructive testing of welded joints
Frequency/Number: all full structural butt welds (fsbw)
10% of all welds other than fsbw
Level of acceptability: To CA’s approval
470 TESTING AUTHORITY: All tests to be carried out by competent & approved authority
475 PRODUCTS: When requested by CA submit a copy of test certificates for steel.
480 DEFECTIVE WORK: As soon as possible after any part of the work or any materials are known or
suspected to be defective, submit proposals to CA for further testing, inspection or replacement and
obtain instructions.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTIVE COATING WORK
36
515 OPERATIVES must be appropriately skilled and experienced in the use of specified materials and
methods of application.
520 COATING MATERIALS:
Wherever possible, to be from one manufacturing batch. Where more than one batch is to be
used, keep separate, allocate to distinct parts or areas of the work, and inform the CA
accordingly.
Check that all coating materials to be used are recommended by their manufacturers for the
particular surface and conditions of exposure, and that they are compatible with each other.
521 ALTERNATIVE MANUFACTURERS: Coating materials to be obtained from one only of the
following manufacturers unless specified otherwise. Inform CA of selected manufacturer at an early date.
525 PREPARATION MATERIALS AND ANCILLARIES: Types recommended by their manufacturers
and the protective coating manufacturer for the surfaces being prepared.
530 GALVANIZING: All cutting, welding and drilling must be completed beforehand. Provide all
necessary vent and drain holes in approved locations and seal to approval after galvanising.
535 INSPECTION:
Permit coating manufacturers to inspect the work in progress, including surface preparation,
and to take samples of their products if required. Do not comply with any directions or requests
given by the coating manufacturer's representative unless and until confirmed by CA.
Notify CA of projected dates for start of surface preparation and coating.
Give CA at least 7 days notice before coated members or components leave the works.
540 HANDLING AND STORING COATED STEELWORK:
Use methods and equipment which will minimise chafing, chipping and other damage to coated
components.
Ensure an adequate drying/curing period for each coat before handling.
Use suitable packings, lashings, lifting harnesses, nylon slings, rubber protected chains and
chocks, etc.
Stack coated components clear of the ground, separated by timber chocks, and so that ponding
does not occur.
545 PROTECTION:
Protect freshly applied surface coatings from damage.
Exhibit ‘Wet paint' signs and provide protective barriers where necessary.
Protect surfaces adjacent to those being covered.
550 REMEDIAL WORK:
Early degradation of coatings by blistering, peeling, flaking, cracking, lack of adhesion, etc.
must be made good by complete removal, preparation and reapplication of all coats, as
instructed.
Inadequate dry film thickness or surface defects due to adverse weather may, depending on
the type of paint, be remedied by rubbing down and applying further coat(s), as instructed.
Mechanical damage to coatings must be made good by local cutting back of coatings,
preparation and reapplication of all coats to leave a neat, continuous and flat finish.
Where damage to coatings or subsequent surface preparation has exposed bare metal, it must
be thoroughly cleaned and primed within two hours.
PROTECTIVE COATING SYSTEM(S)

620 GALVANIZING: Use/location: All external steelwork, unless called up as stainless steel, refer to
the Architects and Engineers drawings.
Preparation: Blast cleaning to BS 7079:Part A1, preparation grade Sa2 using chilled iron grit
grade G24 to give a coarse surface profile, followed by acid pickling.
Galvanising: To BS 729, minimum average coating thickness 140
micrometers.
640 SHOP PAINTING
37
- Use/location: All steelwork

- Paint manufacturer: Interguard or similar approved
- Shop preparation: Blast clean as NSSS clause 10.2.2 to BS 7079: Part A1,
preparation grade SA 2.5
- Shop primer: Interguard 251
Dry film thickness: 80 micrometres.
- Shop intermediate coat: Interguard 410
- Shop top coat: Interguard 740
Colour: To be approved by the Architect.
- Special requirements: Intumescent paint is to be applied to steelwork in
accordance with the fire certificate fire rating, with protection to floor supporting beams and columns.
PREPARATION FOR PAINTING
710 OFF-SITE PREPARATION AND PAINTING to be carried out under cover in properly lit, heated
and ventilated conditions. Select sequence of working from one of the following and inform CA before
starting work:
Fabricate - blast clean - prime as specified
Blast clean - fabricate - prime as specified (Immediately before priming remove flash rust with a
light overall sweep blast), or
Blast clean - prime with a weldable prefabrication primer recommended by the manufacturer of
the specified primer - fabricate - prime as specified (Thickness of post-fabrication priming coat
may be reduced if and as recommended by manufacturer).
715 INACCESSIBLE SURFACES: The sequence of working must be such as to ensure that surfaces
inaccessible after assembly receive the full specified treatment and coating system including, if necessary,
local shop application of site coatings.
725 MANUAL CLEANING OF NEW STEELWORK:
Chip, scrape, disc sand and grind surfaces to remove all fins, burrs, sharp edges, weld spatter,
loose rust and loose scale to leave a clean but unpolished surface to BS 7079: Part A1, grade
St2.
Thoroughly degrease and clean down. If using water based cleaners, remove subsequent
rusting back to grade St2.
Apply primer without delay.
730 PREPARATION FOR SITE WELDING OF SHOP PAINTED STEELWORK:
Blast clean and mask weld areas before coating surrounding areas. If more than one coat is
applied to surrounding areas, step each coat 30 mm back from edge of preceding coat.
Remove masking immediately before welding.
Alternatively prepare and shop paint weld areas as specified, then grind off to bare steel
immediately before welding.
735 TREATMENT OF SITE WELDED JOINTS IN PAINTED STEELWORK:
After welding, and without delay, remove all scale and weld spatter from the weld areas by
grinding or chipping, abrade to remove all traces of rust, wash with clean water and allow to dry.
Prime without delay and apply further coatings to the weld areas to match the surrounding
painted areas.
740 BOLTED JOINTS (NONFRICTION GRIP):
Where steelwork is to be shop painted, ensure that the full shop specification is applied to joint
faces.
Where steelwork is to be erected with a mill finish then site painted, prepare and prime joint
faces before erection and allow to dry.
Immediately before assembling bolted joints in externally exposed steelwork, apply a further
coat of primer and bring the surfaces together while still wet.
Before applying site coatings to externally exposed steelwork, seal all crevices to bolts and joint
perimeters with a compatible mastic.
745 FAYING SURFACES OF FRICTION GRIP JOINTS:
38
Blast clean and mask before coating surrounding areas. The masking must adequately protect
the faying surface from deterioration and contamination.
If more than one coat is applied to surrounding areas, step each coat 30 mm back from edge of
preceding coat.
Remove masking immediately before bolting, check faying surfaces are free from adhesive,
and clean with solvent if necessary.
750 FRICTION GRIP JOINTS IN SHOP PAINTED STEELWORK:
After final tightening of bolts, and without delay, thoroughly degrease and clean bare steel at
joint edges and prime as specified.
Seal all crevices to bolts and joint perimeters with a compatible mastic.
Apply further coatings to surrounding areas to match adjacent shop painted areas before
applying specified site coatings.
755 UNCOATED FASTENINGS: After erection, thoroughly degrease and clean and, without delay,
apply coating(s) to match surrounding shop painted areas before applying specified site coating(s).
760 GALVANIZED FASTENINGS: After erection, thoroughly degrease and clean and apply a suitable
etch primer before applying specified site coating(s).
765 SITE PREPARATION OF SHOP PAINTED STEELWORK: Carry out all necessary remedial work
as specified. Prepare all surfaces by abrading and/or washing down as recommended by manufacturer
before applying coats.
770 SITE PREPARATION OF GALVANIZED SURFACES FOR PAINTING: Thoroughly degrease. If
metal coating is defective obtain instructions before proceeding. Remove any white corrosion products
with a stiff brush, wash off and allow to dry before applying specified etching wash or primer.
PAINTING
810 SUITABILITY OF CONDITIONS:

Do not apply coatings:
To surfaces affected by moisture or frost.
Unless the steel temperature is at least 3°C above the dew point with conditions stable or
improving.
Unless the relative humidity is below 85%.
When heat is likely to cause blistering or wrinkling.
Take all necessary precautions including restrictions on working hours, providing temporary
protection and allowing extra drying time, to ensure that coatings are not adversely affected by
climatic conditions before, during and after application.
Application of coatings will be taken as joint acceptance by the Main Contractor and
Subcontractor of the suitability of surfaces and conditions within any given area.
815 APPLYING COATINGS:

Multiple coats of the same material must be of a different tint to ensure that each coat provides
complete coverage.
Apply coatings to clean, dust free, suitably dry surfaces in dry atmospheric conditions and after
any previous coats have cured adequately.
Apply coatings evenly to give a smooth finish of uniform thickness and colour, free from brush
marks, nibs, sags, runs and other defects.
Keep all surfaces clean and free from dust during coating and drying. Adequately protect
completed work from damage.
820 FILM THICKNESS:

Check the thickness of each coat during application using a wet film thickness wheel or comb
gauge in accordance with BS 3900:Part C5.
After each coat has dried measure the total accumulated dry film thickness using a magnetic or
electromagnetic meter, checked against standard shims and recalibrated regularly against a
smooth steel reference plate, the number and position of measurements to be as directed by
the CA. Carry out all measurements in the presence of the CA unless otherwise directed.
39
Over any square metre of coating the average accumulated dry film thickness must equal or
exceed the specified thickness, with no reading less than 75% of the specified thickness.
820 FILM THICKNESS: (Cont’d)

If at any stage the accumulated dry film thickness is deficient, the CA may require application of
additional coat(s) at no extra cost.
The dry film thickness of the top coat must be sufficient to give an even, solid, opaque
appearance.
825 STRIPE COATS: Where specified, brush apply an additional stripe coat to all external angles,
nuts and bolt heads, rough weld seams, and areas that are difficult to coat.
830 COLOUR OF TOP COAT to be selected by the Architect (unless already specified). Colour of
preceding coat to be as recommended by the paint manufacturer to suit the top coat colour.
850 JUNCTIONS WITH CONCRETE: Where exposed steelwork is partially embedded or

encased in concrete, apply two coats of an approved bituminous coating locally to the
steel/concrete junction as instructed by the CA.
40
M FINISHES
M10 CEMENT:SAND/CONCRETE SCREEDS/TOPPINGS

GENERALLY/PREPARATION
210 SUITABILITY OF BASES: Before starting work ensure that:

- Bases are such as to permit specified levels and flatness/regularity of finished surfaces,
bearing in mind the permissible minimum and maximum thicknesses of the screed/topping.
- Bases are sound and free from significant cracks and gaps.
- Bases are clean and free from plaster, dirt, dust and oil.
- Concrete slabs to receive fully or partially bonded construction have been allowed to dry
out by exposure to the air for not less than 6 weeks.
220 PROPRIETARY SCREEDS/TOPPINGS: Where any screed/topping is described as 'proprietary',

all materials, mix proportions, mixing methods, minimum/maximum thicknesses and workmanship must
be in accordance with the recommendations of the stated manufacturer even though that manufacturer
may not supply all of the required materials.
250 CONDUITS UNDER FLOATING SCREEDS: Haunch up in 1:4 cement:sand on both sides of
conduits before laying insulation for floating screeds.
251 CONDUITS which are to be cast into or under screeds:

- Overlay with 500 mm wide strip of steel fabric to BS 4483, reference D49, or
Welded mesh manufactured in rolls from mild steel wire not less than 1.5 mm diameter to
BS 1052, mesh size 50 x 50 mm.
- Place the reinforcement at mid depth between the top of the conduit and the screed
surface.
255 PIPE DUCTS/TRUNKING: Before laying screed, ensure that preformed access ducts are
securely fixed to the base and accurately levelled in relation to the finished floor surface.
260 FULLY BONDED CONSTRUCTION:

- Shortly before laying screed/topping completely remove mortar matrix from surface to
expose coarse aggregate over entire area of hardened base using abrasive blasting or, for in situ slabs
only, pneumatic scabbling. Remove all dust and debris and wash clean.
- Keep surface well wetted for several hours before laying screed/topping. Remove free
water then brush in a slurry bonding coat of creamy consistency.
- As an alternative to wetting and slurrying, prepare, prime as necessary and apply a
bonding agent to manufacturer's recommendations.
- Lay screed/topping while slurry or bonding agent is still wet to ensure a good bond.
BATCHING/MIXING/LAYING
310 BATCHING: Proportions of mixes made with dense aggregates are specified by weight and,
where practicable, should be batched by weight. Volume batching will be permitted on the basis of the
previously established weight:volume relationship(s) of the particular materials and using accurate gauge
boxes. Allow for bulking of damp sand.
311 BATCHING: Proportions of mixes made with lightweight aggregates are specified by volume and
should be batched using accurate gauge boxes.
330 MIXING:
- Do not use admixtures containing calcium chloride.
- Water content of mixes to be the minimum necessary to achieve full compaction, low
enough to prevent excessive water being brought to the surface during compaction.
41
- Mix materials thoroughly to a uniform consistence. Mixes other than no-fines must be
mixed in a suitable forced action mechanical mixer. Do not use a free fall type (drum) mixer.
- Use while sufficiently plastic for full compaction.
- Use ready-mixed retarded screed mortar within the working time and site temperatures
recommended by the manufacturer. Do not retemper.
340 ADVERSE WEATHER:

- Do not lay screeds/toppings unless their surface temperature can be maintained above
5°C for not less than 4 days thereafter.
- In hot weather reduce the time between operations or use other measures to prevent
premature setting or drying out.
350 JOINTS IN SCREEDS: Unless otherwise specified:

- Cast screeds continuously, as far as possible without defined joints, using 'wet screeds'
between strips or bays. Obtain approval for positions of bay joints.
- Form day joints with a vertical edge.
351 JOINTS IN SCREEDS

- Ensure that all joints are coordinated with movement joints required for the floor finish
and/or the structural base.
360 JOINTS IN TOPPINGS:

- Where location of bay joints is not shown on drawings obtain approval before starting
work.
- Forms to be square edged with steel top surfaces, securely fixed. Compact thoroughly at
edges to give level, closely abutted joints with no lipping.
- Alternatively, toppings may be cast continuously, bay joints being formed with approved
plastics or metal dividing strips.
370 LEVELS OF FLOOR SCREEDS/TOPPINGS: Permissible deviation in level of surface of screeds

(allowing for thickness of coverings) and toppings from datum: +/- 10 mm.
380 FLATNESS/REGULARITY OF FLOOR SCREEDS: Sudden irregularities are not permitted. When
measured with a slip gauge to BS 8204:Part 1, Figure 3 or equivalent, the variation in gap under a
straightedge (with feet) placed anywhere on the surface to be not more than the following:
- Screeds to receive toppings or beds 15-30 mm thick: 10 mm under a 3 m straightedge
- Screeds to receive mastic asphalt flooring/underlays:
- Screeds to receive sheet or tile finishes bedded in adhesive:
400 COMPACTION OF SCREEDS: Compact proprietary screeds using methods recommended by

the manufacturer. Compact other screeds as follows:
- Compact screed layer(s) thoroughly by mechanical means (e.g. plate vibrator) or, where
this is not practicable, by hand using a handrammer or weighted roller.
- Lay screeds over 50 mm thick in two layers of approximately equal thickness. Roughen
the surface of the compacted lower layer and immediately lay the upper layer.
410 COMPACTION OF TOPPINGS: Compact proprietary toppings using methods recommended by

the manufacturer. Compact other toppings thoroughly with a double beam vibrator or plate vibrator.
428 HEATED SCREEDS:

- Collaborate with the services subcontractor to ensure that screed bays are properly
coordinated with the heating circuits and that all technical requirements are satisfied.
- Ensure that the heating elements are properly secured to prevent displacement whilst the
screed is laid.
- Lay screed carefully ensuring thorough compaction around the heating elements without
damaging them.
- Ensure that recommendations for curing and controlled heating of screed are followed.
42
FINISHING/CURING
510 TIMING: Carry out all finishing operations at optimum times in relation to the setting and
hardening of the material. Do not wet surfaces to assist surface working. Do not sprinkle cement onto
surface.
520 WOOD FLOATED FINISH: Use a wood float to give an even slightly coarse texture with no ridges
or steps.
530 SMOOTH FLOATED FINISH: Use a hand float, skip float or power float to give an even surface
with no ridges or steps.
540 TROWELLED FINISH TO RECEIVE APPLIED FLOOR FINISHES:

- Float to an even surface with no ridges or steps.
- Hand or power trowel to give a uniform smooth but not polished surface free from trowel
marks and other blemishes, and suitable to receive the specified flooring material.
- If, because of inadequate finishing or protection, the surface of the screed is not suitable
to receive the specified flooring material, it must be made good by application of a smoothing compound
by and to the satisfaction of the flooring subcontractor. Allow for the cost of any such making good.
550 TROWELLED FINISH FOR WEARING SURFACES:

- Float to an even surface with no ridge or steps.
- As soon as the surface is sufficiently hard, steel trowel by hand or machine. Retrowel at
least twice at intervals until a hard closed finish is obtained and there is little or no effect from further
trowelling.
- Finished surfaces must be uniform, smooth and free from trowel marks and other
blemishes.
560 DEWATERED TROWELLED FINISH FOR WEARING SURFACES:

- Immediately after compaction of the concrete, apply the vacuum dewatering process in
accordance with the equipment manufacturer's recommendations.
- Without delay float the surface using a power float to give an even surface with no ridges
or steps.
trowelling.
blemishes.
570 NONSLIP TROWELLED FINISH FOR WEARING SURFACES:

trowelling.
blemishes.
- Apply silicon carbide or aluminium oxide, graded between BS 410 sieves 1.7 mm and 500
micrometres, sprinkling evenly at the rate of 1 kg/sq m. Trowel into the surface while the concrete is still
plastic.
600 POWER GROUND FINISH FOR WEARING SURFACES:

- When concrete is sufficiently hard for sand particles not to be torn from the surface,
power grind to remove 1-2 mm from surface to give an even glass-paper texture, free from blemishes and
trowel marks.
- Remove all dust and wash down. Replace waterproof sheeting without delay to complete
the specified curing.
650 CURING: Unless otherwise specified:

43
- Immediately after laying, protect surface from wind, draughts and strong sunlight.
- As soon as screed/topping has set, closely cover with polyethylene sheeting and keep in
position for not less than 7 days.
- Do not heat screeds/toppings or the building artificially during first 4 to 6 weeks after
laying, thereafter raise temperature slowly.
660 PROTECTION: Adequately protect screeds/toppings from damage and contamination by

subsequent building operations.
44
M61 INTUMESCENT COATINGS FOR FIRE PROTECTION OF STEELWORK
PROTECTIVE COATING SYSTEMS
115 ON SITE COATING TO STEEL

- Use/location: All exposed steelwork requiring fire protection as detailed in the Fire
Certificate.
- Preparation: Thoroughly clean and apply an etching primer or 'T wash'/mordant solution
recommended by intumescent coating manufacturer.
- Primer: Contractor’s design proposal to be agreed with the Architect and Engineer
Manufacturer and reference: Contractor’s design proposal to be agreed with the Architect
and Engineer
Dry film thickness: (micrometres) Contractor’s design proposal to be agreed with the
Architect and Engineer.
- Intumescent coat:
and Engineer
Fire resistance: As per the fire Certificate refer to the Architects drawings and
specification.
Finish: To be agreed with the Architect
- Top sealer coat as recommended by intumescent coating manufacturer.
Reference: Contractor’s design proposal to be agreed with the Architect.
Dry film thickness: As clause 490.
Colour: To be agreed with the Architect.
170 OFF SITE COATING TO STEEL

Use/location: All external Steelwork.
Preparation: Thoroughly clean and apply an etching primer or pretreat with 'T wash'/mordant solution
recommended by the intumescent coating manufacturer.
- Primer: Contractor’s design proposal to be agreed with the Architect and Engineer
and Engineer
Dry film thickness: (micrometres) Contractor’s design proposal to be agreed with the
Architect and Engineer.
- Intumescent coat:
and Engineer
Fire resistance: As per the fire Certificate refer to the Architects drawings and
specification.
Finish: To be agreed with the Architect
- Top sealer coat:
Manufacturer and reference: Contractor’s design proposal to be agreed with the Architect.
Dry film thickness: As clause 490.
Colour: To be agreed with the Architect.
45
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
205 VALIDATION OF MATERIALS: A project specific evaluation of intumescent coating materials, in

accordance with BS 8202:Part 2, clause 4, is to be provided to the CA on request.
210 WORKING PROCEDURES:

- Comply with BS 8202:Part 2 and the intumescent coating manufacturer's requirements
and recommendations.
- Immediately after completion of the work submit copies of the quality control
records/certificates recommended by the intumescent coating manufacturer.
220 APPLICATOR'S PERSONNEL must have appropriate skill in applying and general knowledge of
anticorrosive and intumescent coatings. Provide evidence of competence and experience to the CA on
request.
230 SUITABILITY OF CONDITIONS:

- Take all necessary precautions including restrictions on working hours, providing
temporary protection and allowing extra drying time, to ensure that coatings are not adversely affected by
climatic conditions before, during and after application.
- Prevent or control exposure of operatives to dust, vapour and fumes exceeding
occupational exposure standards set in the current Health and Safety Executive (HSE) document EH40.
- Application of coatings will be taken as joint acceptance by the Main Contractor and the
Coating Contractor of the suitability of surfaces and conditions within any given area to receive the
specified coatings.
240 DIFFICULT ACCESS AREAS: Consider, well in advance, any problems of access to areas to be
coated, bearing in mind the need to achieve complete integrity of the fire protection. Seek advice from the
intumescent coating manufacturer and, if required, obtain instructions from the CA.
250 SPRAY DRIFT: Wherever practicable arrange the sequence of trades so that spray drift is
avoided or covered by subsequent work, and in general ensure that it is kept to an absolute minimum.
Adjacent self-finished surfaces to be masked out.
260 CONTROL SAMPLE(S): Prepare sample area(s) of the finished work in advance of the remainder
as set out below. Obtain approval of appearance before proceeding:
270 INSPECTION:
- Permit intumescent coating manufacturer to inspect the work in progress and all quality
control records, take dry film thickness and other measurements, and take samples of coating products if
required. Do not comply with any directions or requests which vary the specification unless and until
confirmed by the CA. Submit a copy of intumescent coating manufacturer's inspection reports to the CA
without delay.
- Notify the CA of projected date(s) for start of surface preparation and coating.
280 OFF SITE COATED STEEL:

- Apply masking to areas of steel not requiring application of intumescent coatings.
- Handle and erect steel using methods and devices designed to minimise damage to
intumescent coatings.
- Use separators and restraints to isolate intumescent coated steel during transportation
and storage.
- Protect intumescent coated steel from exposure to adverse weather conditions during
transportation, storage and erection.
PREPARATION OF SURFACES
310 NEW PRIMED STEEL:

- Ensure that priming system is recommended by the intumescent coating manufacturer,
suitably cured and in good condition. Take and record representative measurements of the primer dry film
thickness, and if inadequate obtain instructions.
46
- Ensure that all necessary cleaning down and repair of damage to priming system is
carried out.
315 NEW STEEL - BLAST CLEANING:

- Remove oil and grease.
- Blast clean in dry atmospheric conditions using abrasive of suitable type and size, free
from fines moisture and oil. Continue blasting until finish complies with BS 7079:Part A1, preparation
grade SA2.5, with an average profile of approximately 75 micrometres. Remove abrasive residues and all
traces of moisture.
- Apply overall primer as specified as soon as possible after blast cleaning and before any
gingering or blackening appear.
320 EXISTING STEEL - BLAST CLEANING:

- Remove any existing coatings by blast cleaning in dry atmospheric conditions using
abrasive of suitable type and size, free from fines, moisture and oil. Continue blasting until finish complies
with BS 7079:Part A1, preparation grade SA2.5, with an average profile of approximately 75 micrometres.
Remove abrasive residues and all traces of moisture.
- Apply overall primer as specified as soon as possible after blast cleaning and before any
gingering or blackening appear.
330 EXISTING STEEL - MANUAL CLEANING:

- Prepare to BS 7079:Part A1, grade St2 to leave a clean but unpolished dry surface.
- Apply overall primer as specified.
340 EXISTING STEEL - OVERCOATING:

- Remove loose or unsound coatings to a firm edge, hand prepare areas of exposed steel
to BS 7079:Part A1, grade St2 and leave a clean but unpolished steel surface.
- Abrade existing coatings to ensure a good key, and clean down to give a clean, dry
surface.
- Patch prime bare steel areas with one brush coat of primer as specified. Remove any
coating edges which lift as a result of patch priming, and reprime.
APPLICATION OF COATINGS
410 INTUMESCENT DRY FILM THICKNESS (DFT):

- For each steel member determine the DFT required to give the specified period of fire
resistance in accordance with the intumescent coating manufacturer's current published loading tables.
For special sections and partial fire exposure conditions obtain the required DFT in writing from the
manufacturer.
- At least two weeks before starting work, submit a schedule of all member sizes,
weights/thicknesses, loading conditions, etc. showing, for each variant, the exposed perimeter/ sectional
area (Hp/A) ratio and required dft.
- Before starting work mark up a set of steelwork drawings in colour to show the required
DFT for each member, and submit a copy to the CA.
420 MEASUREMENT OF INTUMESCENT DFT:

- Use an accurately calibrated electromagnetic induction DFT gauge, capable of storing
statistical data. The average DFT of the priming system must be determined and deducted from DFT
readings taken after application of intumescent.
- Determine DFT of intumescent at:
- 500 mm centres along each coated plane of sections and rectangular hollow
sections (i.e. 8 planes for a universal column/beam).
- 125 mm centres along coated circular hollow sections, spread evenly around
circumference.
Suspect and critical locations to have 10% extra spot check measurements.
- Acceptance standard:
47
- The average measured intumescent DFT to be not less than the specified
thickness (exclusive of primer and top sealer).
- If any reading is less than 80% of target DFT, the extent of the thin area must be
established. Any areas less than 80% of target over an area greater than 100 mm equivalent diameter
must be brought up to thickness.
440 BASIC FINISH: Reasonably smooth and even; orange peel, other texture, minor runs and similar
minor defects are acceptable.
450 NORMAL DECORATIVE FINISH: A good standard of cosmetic finish generally when viewed from
a distance of 5 m or more. Minor orange peel or other texture is usually acceptable.
460 HIGH DECORATIVE FINISH: A high standard of evenness, smoothness and gloss when viewed
from a distance of 2 m or more.
490 TOP SEALER COAT:

- The intumescent coat finish must enable the top sealer coat to achieve the specified
surface finish.
- Apply the top sealer coat to achieve the DFT recommended by the manufacturer, or to
give an even, solid, opaque appearance, free from runs, sags and other visual defects.
500 MARKING OF COATED STEEL: Apply self adhesive labels in approved locations giving:
- Manufacturer and reference of coating system.
- Warnings regarding damage to or removal of coatings.
- Requirements regarding maintenance and overcoating.
510 REPAIR DAMAGE TO INTUMESCENT COATINGS by locally abrading and cutting out, followed
by reapplication of primer, intumescent coat and top sealer coat to the original specification. Do not
overlap existing intumescent with new primer, or existing top sealer with new intumescent.
520 COMPLETION OF OFF SITE COATED STEEL:

- Following erection of steelwork, locally apply intumescent coatings to any exposed
unprotected areas, including fixings.
- Where any unscheduled additional connections to erected steelwork are necessary,
locally remove and reinstate intumescent coatings.
Where any unscheduled additional steelwork is erected, apply on site intumescent coatings as specified
or approved by the CA.
48
Q PAVING
Q10 STONE/CONCRETE/BRICK KERBS/EDGINGS/CHANNELS
TYPE(S) OF KERB/EDGING/CHANNEL – to match existing if required for services

diversion works
110 PRECAST CONCRETE

- To BS 7263:Part 1.
Method of manufacture: Wet press process.
and Engineer
Type/size: Contractor’s design proposal to be agreed with the Architect and Engineer
Special shapes: None
Finish/colour: Contractor’s design proposal to be agreed with the Architect and Engineer
- Joints: Contractor’s design proposal to be agreed with the Architect and Engineer
- Other requirements: Contractor’s design proposal to be agreed with the Architect and
Engineer.
110a PRECAST/STONE KERBS: Refer to the Architect’s finishes drawings.
LAYING
210 LAYING GENERALLY:

- Where necessary cut units neatly and accurately with a masonry saw and without spalling
to give neat junctions.
- Bed units in mortar, true to line and level along top and front faces, on accurately cast
foundations and secure with a continuous haunching of concrete. Allow bedding to set before placing
haunching.
- Keep exposed faces of units clean and free from concrete and mortar droppings.
220 ADVERSE WEATHER: Do not cast foundations, lay units or place haunching if the temperature is
below 3°C on a falling thermometer or 1°C on a rising thermometer. Adequately protect foundations,
bedding and haunching against frost and rapid drying by sun and wind.
230 CONCRETE FOR FOUNDATIONS AND HAUNCHING: To BS 5328, Designated mix not less
than GEN0 or Standard mix not less than ST1, very low workability.
240 MORTAR BEDDING: As section Z21.

- Mix: 1:3 Portland cement, Class 42.5: BS 882 sand, grading M or F.
- Bed thickness: 10 mm minimum to 40 mm maximum.
250 KERB DOWELS:

- Steel bar to BS 4482, 12 mm diameter, 150 mm long.
- Insert dowels vertically into foundation while concrete is still plastic, at centres to suit
holes in kerbs and with 75 mm projecting.
- Grout holes in kerbs with 1:3 cement:sand mortar finished flush.
260 HAUNCHING DOWELS:

- Steel bar to BS 4482, 12 mm diameter x 150 mm long.
- Insert dowels vertically into foundation while concrete is still plastic, at 450 mm centres,
50 mm from back face of kerb and with 75 mm projecting.
- Haunching to be rectangular cross section, cast against formwork, so as to fully enclose
and protect dowels.
270 CHANNELS: Set out to an even gradient to ensure no ponding or backfall. Lowest points of
channels to be 6 mm above drainage outlets.
49
280 DRAINAGE CHANNEL SYSTEM:

- Lay to an even gradient to ensure no ponding or backfall.
- Commence laying from outlets.
- Remove silt and debris from the entire system immediately before handover.
- Safely dispose of washings and any detritus without discharging them into sewers or
watercourses.
290 RADIUS KERBS/CHANNELS to be used for all radii of 12 m or less.
300 ANGLE KERBS to be used for both internal and external 90 deg changes of direction; cutting of
mitres will not be permitted.
310 ACCURACY: Maximum deviations:

Level: +/- 6 mm
Horizontal and vertical alignment: 3 mm in 3 m.
320 NARROW MORTAR JOINTS: Butter ends of units with bedding mortar as laying proceeds to
completely fill joints. Tightly butt to a thickness of 3 mm and clean off surplus mortar immediately.
330 TOOLED MORTAR JOINTS: Butter ends of units with bedding mortar as laying proceeds to
completely fill joints to a thickness of 6 mm. Tool to a neat flush profile.
331 TOOLED COLOURED MORTAR JOINTS: Butter ends of units with bedding mortar as laying
proceeds to completely fill joints to a thickness of 6 mm. Rake out to a depth of 10 mm and point with 1:3
cement:sand mortar with pigment, colour to approval.
390 PAVEMENT MARKING

- Drawing reference(s): Refer to the Architects drawings.
- Paint: To BS 6044, Type A.
Colour: Refer to the Architects drawings and specification.
- Surfaces to receive markings must be clean and dry.
Remove all loose material and apply paint uniformly with no streaks or ragged edges. Use
thinners in accordance with paint manufacturer's instructions.
- Reflectorisation: Solid glass beads to BS 6088, Class B.
Uniformly apply on wet paint film at rate of 400-500 g/sq m.
50
Q20 GRANULAR SUB-BASES TO ROADS/PAVINGS
110 THICKNESSES OF SUB-BASE/SUBGRADE IMPROVEMENT LAYER(S) are specified in the

following related sections:
Q21 In situ concrete roads/pavings/bases;
Q22 Coated macadam/asphalt roads/pavings.
120 CHECKING CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO (CBR) OF SUBGRADES
Subgrade variation: If material appears to vary from that stated in the site investigation report,
or if there are extensive soft spots, test subgrade CBR to BS 1377-4 or BS 1377-9.
Submit results and obtain instructions before proceeding.
120 CHECKING CBR OF SUBGRADE: The specified thicknesses of sub-bases are based on an
assumed subgrade of 350mm with an assumed CBR of 2.5 %.
If the subgrade material appears to be different from this, or if there are extensive soft
spots, test CBR of subgrade, report results to CA, and if different from the assumed CBR obtain
instructions before proceeding with laying sub-base.
130 HERBICIDE: Apply an approved type of herbicide in accordance with manufacturer's

recommendations to subgrade
140 COMPACTION OF SUBGRADE:

- Defer final excavation to formation level until immediately before compaction of subgrade.
- Soft spots must be brought to the attention of the CA.
Obtain instructions before proceeding.
- Subgrade must be relatively dry at time of compaction.
- Where use of a roller is impracticable use a suitable mechanical rammer.
- Where local excavation and backfilling has taken place make additional passes of the
roller.
145 PREPARATION AND COMPACTION OF SUBGRADES

Timing: Immediately before placing sub-base.
Soft or damaged areas: Obtain instructions.
Compaction: Thoroughly, by roller or other suitable means, adequate to resist subsidence or deformation
of the subgrade during construction and of the completed roads/ pavings when in use. Take particular
care to compact fully at intrusions, perimeters and where local excavation and backfilling has taken place.
150 SUBGRADES FOR VEHICULAR AREAS
Preparation and treatment: To NRA DMRB Volume 1 'Specification for Roadworks',
clauses 616 and 617.
151 SUBGRADE FOR VEHICULAR AREAS: Immediately before placing sub-base compact subgrade
with not less than four passes of a roller weighing 8-10 tonnes or by equivalent other means.
160 SUBGRADE FOR PEDESTRIAN AREAS: Immediately before placing sub-base thoroughly
compact subgrade with a roller weighing not less than 2.5 tonnes or equivalent other plant.
170 GEOTEXTILE FILTER:

- Lay an approved type in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations to compacted
subgrade.
- Do not allow construction or other vehicles over the geotextile until it is fully covered by
the granular sub-base.
200 SUBGRADE IMPROVEMENT LAYER (CAPPING)
Material: To NRA DMRB Volume 1 'Specification for Roadworks', table 6/1, Class 6F1,
6F2 or 6F3.
Standard: Placed and compacted to NRA DMRB Volume 1 'Specification for Roadworks',
table 6/1, clauses 612 and 613.
205A GRANULAR MATERIAL
NRA DMRB Volume 1 'Specification for Roadworks' Type B Unbound Mixture
51
Material: Type B unbound mixture to NRA DMRB Volume 1 'Specification for

Roadworks', clause 804.
Recycled aggregate: Not permitted.
CBR (minimum): 30%.
211 GRANULAR MATERIAL
Quality: Free from excessive dust, well graded, all pieces less than 75 mm in any direction,
minimum 10% fines value of 50 kN when tested in a soaked condition to BS 812-111 and BS
EN 1097-2, and in any one layer only one of the following:
- Crushed rock (other than argillaceous rock) or quarry waste with not more binding
material than is required to help hold the stone together.
- Crushed concrete, crushed brick or tile, free from plaster, timber and metal.
- Gravel or hoggin with not more clay content than is required to bind the material
together, and with no large lumps of clay.
- Natural gravel.
- Natural sand.
220 FROST SUSCEPTIBLE GRANULAR MATERIAL
- Definition (non frost susceptible material): To Highways Agency 'Specification for
highway works' clause 801.8.
- Depth of frost susceptible material below final surface of paving (minimum): 450 mm.
- Testing: Test materials used if required and supply certificates.
225 PLACING OF MATERIAL WITH HIGH SULPHATE CONTENT
- Standard: To NRA DMRB Volume 1 'Specification for Roadworks', clauses 801.2 and
801.3.
- Separation distance (minimum): 500 mm.
230 PLACING GRANULAR MATERIAL GENERALLY:

- Ensure that subgrade is free from loose soil, rubbish and standing water.
- Take all necessary precautions to ensure stability of adjacent structures. Place and
compact material against or over structures, membranes or buried services in a sequence and manner
which will ensure stability and avoid damage.
240 LAYING GRANULAR SUB-BASES FOR VEHICULAR AREAS:

- Spread and level in layers and as soon as possible thereafter compact each layer.
- Lay and compact to the NRA DMRB Volume 1 'Specification for Roadworks'.
- Take particular care to compact fully around drainage fittings, inspection cover bases and
at perimeters.
241 LAYING GRANULAR SUB-BASES FOR VEHICULAR AREAS:

- Spread and level in layers and as soon as possible thereafter compact each layer using
plant and methods suitable to the type of material.
- Well in advance of doing the work submit details of proposals for:
- Maximum depth of each compacted layer.
- Type of plant.
- Minimum number of passes per layer.
- Immediately before overlaying, the sub-base surface must be uniformly well closed and
free from loose material, cracks, ruts or hollows. Take particular care to compact fully around drainage
fittings, inspection cover bases and at perimeters.
250 LAYING GRANULAR SUB-BASES FOR PEDESTRIAN AREAS: Spread and level and, as soon
as possible thereafter, compact with a roller weighing not less than 2.5 tonnes or other equivalent plant.
310 ACCURACY: Maximum permissible deviation from the required levels, falls and cambers to be as
follows:
Roads Footways
Parking areas Recreation areas
Subgrade +/- 25 mm +/- 20 mm
Sub-base +/- 20 mm +/- 12 mm
52
320 BLINDING: Surfaces to receive interlocking brick or block paving to section Q24 to have sufficient
sand, fine gravel, PFA or other approved fine material applied and surface vibrated to provide a close and
smooth surface.
330 COLD WEATHER WORKING:

- Do not use frozen materials containing ice.
- Do not lay materials on frozen surfaces.
340 PROTECTION:
- Cover sub-bases as soon as practicable with subsequent layers, specified elsewhere.
- Prevent damage to subgrades and sub-bases from construction traffic, construction
operations and inclement weather.
53
Q21 IN SITU CONCRETE ROADS/PAVINGS/BASES
TYPES OF PAVING
115 REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVING

- Granular sub-base: NRA DMRB Volume 1 'Specification for Roadworks' Type B granular
material section, as Q20 clause
Thickness: 50 mm.
- Separation membrane: Polyethylene sheet 125 micrometres thick. Lap edges 300 mm.
- Mesh reinforcement: To BS 8666 type A393 free from oil, dirt, loose rust and scale.
Concrete cover: 40 mm.
- Concrete: As Generally
Designated mix: to BS 5328.
Nominal maximum size of aggregate: 20 mm.
Minimum thickness(es) of slab(s): 150 mm.
- Finish: To CA specification
GENERAL/PREPARATION
210 COMPLETE CORRELATED RECORDS must be maintained for each prescribed mix including:
- Information in accordance with BS 5328:Part 3, clauses 3.1 and 3.2.
- All sampling, site tests and identification numbers of all specimens tested in the
laboratory.
- The location from which each sample is taken.
220 TESTING:
- Test prescribed mixes in accordance with BS 5328: Part 4.
- Rate of sampling: As E10/500
- Tests to be carried out by one NAMAS accredited laboratory. Submit name of selected
laboratory as soon as possible and in any case before making trial mixes or concrete for use in the works.
- Submit 2 copies of test reports within one day of completion of each test. Keep a
complete set of reports on site.
230 REINFORCEMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE: All steel reinforcement specified to BS 8666 is to be

obtained from firm(s) holding a valid certificate of approval issued under a product certification scheme
obtained from a third party certification body with appropriate category 2 accreditation from the United
Kingdom Accreditation Service (UKAS).
240 ACCEPTANCE OF SUB-BASE: Before starting work ensure that:

- The base is sound, free of debris, mud and soft spots, and suitably close textured.
- The levels and falls of the sub-base are as detailed, within the specified tolerances of ±20
mm (vehicular areas) and ±12 mm (pedestrian areas).
- Drainage outlets are within +0 to -10 mm of the required finished level.
- Kerbs and edgings are complete, adequately bedded and haunched and to the required
levels.
250 LAYING MESH REINFORCEMENT:

- Lay in flat sheets, straight and out of winding, when placed in position.
- Lay with main reinforcement parallel to long axis of slab.
- Securely fix and support mesh in position during construction of the slab.
- Lap mesh sheets transversely by not less than 450 mm and longitudinally by not less than
300 mm.
- Terminate mesh within:
300 ±50 mm of slab edges and centre line of transverse joints
125 ±25 mm of centre line of longitudinal joints.
- Mesh may be placed in position on top of the first compacted layer of concrete, followed
by the top layer of concrete, placed within two hours of the first layer.
260 STEEL FORMWORK:

54
- Use steel side forms, drilled as required for dowel bars, free from warping and kinks.
- Fix securely to required line, ±10 mm, and level, ±3 mm. Use locking plates where
necessary to ensure rigidity and prevent movement during laying and compaction of concrete.
- Remove forms not less than six hours after completing compaction and treat exposed
edges with approved waterproof compound.
265 TIMBER FORMWORK:

- 150 x 38 mm softwood board, drilled as required for dowel bars, fixed with galvanized
nails to 50 x 50 x 450 mm long softwood pegs driven into the ground at 1200 mm centres.
- Preservative treatment : As section Z12 and British Wood Preserving and Damp-Proofing
Association Commodity Specification C4.
Type/Desired service life: CCA or creosote, 20 years.
LAYING CONCRETE
310 TRANSPORTING CONCRETE:

- When ready mixed concrete is transported in a truck mixer, water must be added under
supervision either on site or at the central batching plant. Under no circumstances must water be added in
transit.
- Avoid contamination, segregation, loss of ingredients, excessive evaporation and loss of
workability. Cover concrete during heavy rain.
- Clean equipment immediately after use and whenever cement or aggregate is changed.
- Use suitable walkways and barrow runs for traffic over reinforcement and freshly placed
concrete.
320 LAYING GENERALLY:

- At time of placing, ensure that surfaces on which concrete is to be placed are free from
debris and standing water.
- Place as soon as practicable after mixing and while sufficiently plastic for full compaction.
After discharge from the mixer do not add water or retemper mixes.
- Place in final position in one continuous operation up to construction joints.
- Ensure that temperature of concrete at point of delivery is not more than 30°C in hot
weather and not less than 5°C in cold weather. Do not use frozen materials nor place concrete against
frozen or frost covered surfaces.
- Do not place concrete when the air temperature is below 3°C on a falling thermometer
and do not resume placing until the rising air temperature has reached 3°C.
- Spread and strike off with surcharge sufficient to obtain required compacted thickness.
- Form neat junctions with and prevent damage to adjacent work. Keep clean all channels,
kerbs, inspection covers, etc.
330 COMPACTING:
- Fully compact concrete to full depth (until air bubbles cease to appear on the surface)
especially around reinforcement, cast-in accessories, into corners and at joints.
- Poker vibrators must not be used to make concrete flow into position and must not come
into contact with fabric reinforcement.
- Rectify any irregularities at wet formed joint grooves by means of a vibrating float.
- Finish with an approved scraping straightedge immediately after completing compaction
to produce a dense, even textured surface free from laitance or excessive water.
- Remove any excess concrete from top of groove formers.
340 MANHOLE COVER/GULLY GRATING FRAMES:

- Set frames in independent concrete slabs placed over, but slightly larger than, the exterior
of the manhole shaft or gully pot and any concrete surround.
- Position joints in main slab so that manhole/gully slabs are adjacent to a main transverse
joint, unless specified otherwise.
- Separate the independent slabs from main slabs with 25 mm thick joint filler board. Set
board 20 mm below top of slab to form a sealing groove.
350 LEVELS:
55
- Lines and levels of finished surface to be smooth and even, with regular falls to prevent
ponding.
- Finished surfaces to be within ±6 mm of required levels (+6 -0 mm adjacent to gullies and
manholes).
360 SURFACE REGULARITY:

- Where appropriate in relation to the geometry of the surface, the variation in gap under a
3 m straightedge (with feet) placed anywhere on the surface to be not more than 5 mm.
- Sudden irregularities not permitted.
370 ACCURACY FOR BASES BENEATH SPORTS SURFACING:

- Lay sub-base to the levels shown on drawings and with a falling profile as detailed.
- Gradients: Not greater than 1/200 in any direction.
- Surface regularity: As specified by specialist Manufacturer.
- Deviation from the finished plane: When checked on a 10 m grid the difference in level
between adjacent grid points, after taking design gradients into account, must not exceed manufacturers
specification.
- There must be no ridges, bumps or hollows which might create a trip.
JOINTS
410 JOINTS GENERALLY:

- All joints to be accurately located, straight and well aligned.
- Construction joints made at the end of the working day to be formed as contraction joints.
- If modifications to any joint design or location are necessary on site, agree revisions with
CA before proceeding.
- Do not allow concrete to enter any gaps or voids in the formwork or to render the
movement joints ineffective.
- Do not allow concrete to impregnate or penetrate any materials used as compressible
joint fillers.
- Do not place concrete simultaneously on both sides of movement joints.
420 TIE BARS:

- Plain round mild steel to BS 4449 grade 250, 12 mm diameter x 1000 mm long, and free
from oil, dirt, loose rust and scale.
Finish: Middle 400 mm to be thoroughly cleaned and coated with a corrosion resistant
flexible polymeric coating.
- Place tie bars in longitudinal joints at 600 mm centres, centred on and perpendicular to
line of joint. Position within the middle third of the slab depth.
430 DOWEL BARS:

- Plain, round, mild steel to BS 4449, grade 250 and free from oil, dirt, loose rust and scale.
Bar dimensions: 12mm diameter x 1000mm long u.n.o.
- Place dowel bars in movement joints at mid depth of the slab ±20 mm, centred on joint
and at 300 mm centres. Bars to be parallel to longitudinal axis and top surface of the slab within a
misalignment tolerance of ±3 mm per 300 mm length of dowel bar.
- Debonding of bars: Flexible plastics sleeve covering, not less than 0.6 mm thick.
- Provide 100 mm long plastics caps to bars in expansion joints for free bar movement.
Before placing concrete, ensure there is a space between the end of the cap and the end of the dowel bar
10 mm greater than the thickness of the joint filler board.
440 LONGITUDINAL CONSTRUCTION JOINTS:

- To Concrete Society technical report 28. Longitudinal joints are those parallel to the main
axis of the paving.
- Prior to concreting, set formwork and tie bars rigidly in position and support to prevent
displacement. Maintain support until concrete has set.
- Repair damaged edges of initially cast slab prior to forming groove.
- Form groove, not less than 15 mm wide and 13 mm deep, by fixing preformed fillet
against the top edge of the initially cast slab before concreting the adjacent slab.
56
- Round upper edges of slabs at joints to 5 mm radius using bullnose arris trowel without
overworking concrete.
- Remove fillet when concrete on both sides of joint is fully cured.
450 CONTRACTION JOINTS WITH SAWN GROOVE:

- To Concrete Society technical report 28.
- Prior to concreting, set formwork and dowel bars rigidly in position and support to prevent
- Saw a groove not less than 3 mm wide, 3 mm deep per 10 mm depth of slab and not less
than 50 mm deep. Cut as early as possible after the slab has been laid but without causing edges of
groove to spall. Do not commence sawing whilst the temperature is falling.
- Enlarge upper portion of the joint by sawing a groove not less than 13 mm wide.
460 CONTRACTION JOINTS WITH WET FORMED GROOVE: To Concrete Society technical report
28.
- Prior to concreting, set formwork and dowel bars rigidly in position and support to prevent
- Bottom crack inducer: Contractor’s proposal to be agreed with the CA.
Locate vertically below the top groove within a horizontal tolerance of ±10 mm and fix
securely to sub-base to retain in position during construction.
- Form deep groove in the surface of the plastic concrete and insert a 20 mm thick
temporary fillet.
- Recompact the displaced concrete without overworking it and round the edges of the
groove to 5 mm radius, using bullnose arris trowel.
- Keep temporary fillet in position until concrete on both sides of joint is fully cured.
470 EXPANSION JOINTS:

- Prior to concreting, set joint filler board, sealing groove fillet and dowel bars rigidly in
position and support to prevent displacement. Maintain support until concrete has set.
- Joint filler board: Refer to drawings and to NRA DMRB Volume 1 'Specification for
Roadworks' clause 1015. Contractor’s proposal to be agreed with the CA.
Thickness: 25 mm.
Joint filler board must extend from underside of sealing groove fillet to full depth of slab to
provide complete separation of adjacent slabs.
Accurately bore or punch holes in filler board to form a sliding fit for dowel bars.
- Round the upper edges of slabs at joints to 5 mm radius, using bullnose arris trowel,
without overworking concrete.
- Keep sealing groove fillet in position until concrete on both sides of joint is fully cured.
SURFACE FINISH
510 SAMPLE AREA: Complete a sample area of the pavement, size 2 m², in advance of the
remainder and in an approved location. Obtain approval of CA before proceeding.
520 TAMPED FINISH: Tamp surface with edge of a board or beam to give an even texture of parallel
ribs.
530 BRUSHED FINISH:

- Brush surface in one direction at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the slab, with
a stiff bristle or wire brush not less than 450 mm wide.
- Texture depth 1 mm with finished surface having an overall even texture.
540 SMOOTH FLOATED FINISH: After compaction allow the concrete to stiffen sufficiently to be
properly worked. Finish with a skip float, hand float or power float to produce an even smooth surface with
no ridges or steps.
550 POWER TROWEL FINISH:

- Float concrete to an even surface with no ridges or steps, then immediately commence
curing.
57
- Successively power trowel at intervals, applying sufficient pressure to close the surface,
to give a uniform smooth finish free from trowel marks and other blemishes.
- Resume specified curing without delay.
560 IMPRINTED PATTERN FINISH:

- Protect adjacent surfaces and on a smooth floated concrete surface apply an imprinted
pattern finish.
- Manufacturer and reference: TBC by CA
570 WASH AND BRUSH FINISH:

curing.
- When concrete is sufficiently hard to hold the coarse aggregate in place remove the
surface mortar by brushing with a stiff bristle brush and water spray.
- Remove cement paste from concrete surface by flooding with clean water and applying a
dilute solution of hydrochloric acid. Thoroughly rinse with water after the acid has ceased effervescing.
- Resume specified curing without delay.
580 POWER GROUND FINISH:

curing.
- When concrete is sufficiently hard for sand particles not to be torn from the surface,
power grind to remove 1-2 mm from surface to give an even glass-paper texture, free from blemishes and
trowel marks.
- Remove all dust and wash down. Resume specified curing without delay.
CURING/PROTECTION/FINISHING
610 CURING:
- Immediately after completion of surface treatment prevent evaporation from the surface
and exposed edges of the slab for a minimum period of seven days.
- Coverings for curing to be a suitable impervious sheet material, a resin based aluminised
curing compound containing a fugitive dye and with an efficiency index of 90% when tested to BS 7542 or
an approved sprayed plastics film.
- Curing compounds applied to surfaces that are to be decorated/stained must be removed
by light grit blasting.
- Until the surface of fresh concrete is in a state suitable to receive sheets which are in
direct contact or a sprayed curing compound as applicable, cover with waterproof sheeting held clear of
the surface and well sealed against draughts at edges and junctions.
630 SURFACE SEALING: Apply a resin sealer to concrete wearing surfaces.

Manufacturer and reference: Contractor’s proposal to be agreed with the CA.
640 HOT JOINT SEALING:

- Sealant: To BS 2499:Part 1. Provide a manufacturer's certificate of compliance in
accordance with annex B.
- Prepare joints and apply sealant in accordance with BS 2499:Part 2.
650 COLD JOINT SEALING:

- Sealant: To BS 5212:Part 1. Provide a manufacturer's certificate of compliance in
accordance with annex B.
- Prepare joints and apply sealant in accordance with BS 5212:Part 2.
660 PROTECTION: Prevent damage to concrete:

- From rain, indentation, physical damage, dirt, staining, rust marks and other disfiguration.
- From thermal shock and in cold weather from the entrapment of water in pockets, etc.
and freezing expansion thereof.
- Do not use pavings as a building platform u.n.o. or for storing, mixing or preparing
materials.
58
670 OPENING TO TRAFFIC: Light vehicles will be permitted on the pavement after 7 days and heavy
vehicles after 28 days.
59
R GROUNDWORKS
EXCAVATING/BACKFILLING
205 EXCAVATED MATERIAL: Unless otherwise specified, set aside turf, topsoil, hardcore, etc. for
use in reinstatement.
210 LOWER PART OF TRENCH: From bottom up to 300 mm above crown of pipe the trench must
have vertical sides and be of a width as small as practicable but not less than external diameter of pipe
plus 300 mm or larger dimension if specified.
220 LOWER PART OF TRENCH: Where the depth of cover exceeds the transition depth for the size
of pipe, trench width up to 300 mm above crown of pipe to be not more than:
Nominal pipe size DN 100 150 225 300
Transition depth (m) 6.0 5.4 4.0 2.9
Maximum trench width (mm) 600 700 800 900
221 LOWER PART OF TRENCH: Where bedding class S is specified (see clause 370) trench width to
be not more than the following, regardless of depth of cover:
Nominal pipe size (DN) 100 150 225 300
Maximum trench width (mm) 600 700 800 900
230 ASSUMED TYPE OF SUBSOIL: Where the type of subsoil at the level of the crown of the pipe
differs from that stated for the type of pipeline, obtain instructions before proceeding.
240 FORMATION FOR BEDS GENERALLY:

- Excavate to formation immediately before laying beds or pipes.
- Remove mud, rock projections, boulders and hard spots and replace with consolidated
bedding material.
- Harden local soft spots by tamping in bedding material.
- Inform CA in advance to give him reasonable opportunity to inspect excavated formation
for each section of the work.
250 COMBINED TRENCHES: Where one pipe is at a lower level than another adjacent pipe in a
common trench:
- A subtrench is permissible provided the soil of the step is stable and unlikely to break
away.
- If a subtrench is not permissible, the whole trench must have a depth related to the lower
pipe, with increased thickness of bedding to the upper pipe as necessary.
- The lower pipe must be backfilled with compacted granular material to not less than half
way up the higher pipe.
260 TRENCH SUPPORTS: Remove trench supports and other obstacles sufficiently to permit
compacted filling of all spaces.
270 BACKFILLING TO PIPELINES GENERALLY: Unless specified otherwise, backfill from top of
specified surround or protective cushion with material excavated from the trench, compacted in layers not
exceeding 300 mm thick. Do not use heavy compactors before there is 600 mm of material over pipes.
275 FOAMED CONCRETE BACKFILL:

- Repair damaged drainage pipelines and ducts and seal off cavities in or adjacent to the
excavation which are not to be filled. If in doubt obtain instructions from CA before proceeding.
- Carry out backfilling in accordance with British Cement Association publication 46.044,
Foamed Concrete - Specification for use in the reinstatement of openings in highways.
Minimum density 1050 kg/sq m
Maximum 28 day compressive strength 10 N/msq m
60
280 BACKFILLING UNDER ROADS AND PAVINGS: Backfill from top of specified surround or
protective cushion up to formation level with Granular Subbase Material Type 1 to DOT Specification for
Highway Works, Clause 803, laid and compacted in 150 mm layers.
281 BACKFILLING OVER CONCRETE: Do not start backfilling within 24 hours of placing concrete.
Do not use heavy compactors and prevent imposition of traffic loads within 72 hours of placing concrete.
290 TEMPORARY BRIDGES: Provide temporary bridges over trenches as necessary to prevent
construction traffic damaging pipes after backfilling.
295 WARNING MARKER TAPES:

Lay during backfilling in a continuous line over pipelines, 300 to 400 mm below the level of the finished
surface.
BEDDING/JOINTING
310 INSTALLATION GENERALLY:

- Obtain pipes and fittings for each pipeline from the same manufacturer unless otherwise
specified. Joint differing pipes and fittings with adaptors recommended by pipe manufacturer.
- Lay pipes to true line and regular gradient on an even bed for the full length of the barrel
with sockets (if any) facing up the gradient.
- Joint using recommended lubricants, leaving recommended gaps at ends of spigots to
allow for movement.
- Adequately protect pipelines from damage and ingress of debris. Seal all exposed ends
during construction.
- Arrange the work to minimise time between laying and testing. Backfill after successful
testing.
320 CLASS A HALF DEPTH CONCRETE SUPPORT:

- Concrete mix as specified under Generally.
- Lay concrete blinding, 25 mm thick, and allow to set.
- Lay pipes on two-layer pads of bituminous dpc or equivalent on precast concrete cradles
to give a clearance of not less than 100 mm under pipes and a nominal clearance between
couplings/sockets and blinding.
- Lay concrete bed, width not less than external diameter of pipe plus 200 mm. Shutter
vertical sides of concrete or extend concrete across full width of trench.
- After initial testing, place and compact more concrete for full width of concrete bed or full
width of trench to halfway up each side of pipe.
330 CLASS B HALF DEPTH GRANULAR SUPPORT:

- Granular material: To BS 882:
Pipe size (DN) Nominal single Graded
size (mm) size (mm)
100 & 150 10 Not permitted
225 & 300 10 or 20 20 to 5
- Lay and compact to a thickness not less than 50 mm for sleeve jointed pipes, 100 mm for
socket jointed pipes, over full width of trench. Where trench bottom is uneven due to hard spots or other
reason, increase depth by 100 mm. Scoop out locally at couplings/sockets and lay pipes digging slightly
into bed and resting uniformly on their barrels. Adjust to line and gradient.
- After initial testing, lay and compact more granular material uniformly to halfway up each
side of pipe.
- Backfill to 150 mm (250 mm for adoptable sewers) above crown of pipe with a protective
cushion of selected fill, free from vegetable matter, rubbish, frozen soil and material retained on a 40 mm
sieve. Compact by hand in 100 mm layers.
340 CLASS D NATURAL BED:

- Excavate trench slightly shallower than the final levels.
- Hand trim to accurate gradients, replacing any overdig with compacted spoil. Where hand
trimming is impracticable obtain instructions before proceeding.
61
- Cut holes in trench bottom for couplings/sockets and lay pipes resting uniformly on their
barrels, adjusting to line and gradient. Do not use hard packings under pipes.
- After initial testing, backfill to 150 mm (250 mm for adoptable sewers) above crown of
pipe with a protective cushion of selected fill, free from vegetable matter, rubbish, frozen soil and material
retained on a 40 mm sieve. Compact by hand in 100 mm layers.
350 CLASS F GRANULAR BED:

Pipe size (DN) Nominal single size (mm)
100 & 150 10
225 & 300 10 or 20
360 CLASS N AS-DUG MATERIAL BED:

- Material: As-dug material with a compaction fraction of not more than 0.3, or all-in
aggregate, nominal size 10 mm, or fine aggregate to BS 882.
370 CLASS S GRANULAR SURROUND:

- Lower part of trench width to be as clause 221.
size (mm) size (mm)
225 & 300 10 or 20 20 to 5
- After initial testing, lay and compact more granular material in 100 mm layers to 150 mm
(250 mm for adoptable sewers) above crown of pipe.
380 CLASS O FULL DEPTH GRANULAR SUPPORT:

100 & 150 10
225 & 300 10 or 20
- Lay and compact to a thickness not less than 100 mm over full width of trench. Scoop out
locally at couplings/sockets and lay pipes digging slightly into bed and resting uniformly on their barrels.
Adjust to line and gradient.
- After initial testing, lay and compact by hand more granular material to slightly above
crown of pipe.
- Backfill with a protective cushion of selected fill, free from vegetable matter, rubbish,
frozen soil and material retained on a 40 mm sieve. Compact by hand in 100 mm layers to 300 mm above
crown of pipe. (100 mm of granular material may be used in lieu).
390 CLASS P FULL DEPTH GRANULAR SUPPORT:

62
size (mm) size (mm)

225 & 300 10 or 20 20 to 5
- After initial testing, lay and compact by hand more granular material to slightly above
crown of pipe.
- Backfill with a protective cushion of selected fill, free from vegetable matter, rubbish,
frozen soil and material retained on a 40 mm sieve. Compact by hand in 100 mm layers to 300 mm above
crown of pipe. (100 mm of granular material may be used in lieu).
400 CLASS Q GRANULAR SURROUND WITH PROTECTION:

- Granular material: As for Class P bedding, clause 390.
- Lay pipes as for Class P bedding.
- After initial testing, lay and compact by hand more granular material to 75 mm above
crown of pipe. Rake out to form an even bed and lay precast concrete paving flags to BS 7263, 450 mm
wide and butted together (if necessary increasing the width of the upper part of the trench). Backfill with
soil or topsoil as appropriate.
410 CLASS T FULL DEPTH GRANULAR SUPPORT:

size (mm) size (mm)
225 & 300 10 or 20 20 to 5
crown of pipe.
420 CLASS V FULL DEPTH GRANULAR SUPPORT:

- Granular material: To BS 882
size (mm) size (mm)
225 & 300 10 or 20 20 to 5
- Width of trench to be not less than external diameter of pipe plus 600 mm. Lay and
compact granular material not less than 200 mm thick over full width of trench.
- Scoop out locally at couplings/sockets and lay pipes digging slightly into bed and resting
uniformly on their barrels. Adjust to line and gradient.
crown of pipe.
430 CLASS W GRANULAR SURROUND:

- Excavate trench after hardcore has been laid and compacted.
100 & 150 10
225 & 300 10 or 20
crown of pipe.
- Backfill with hardcore or granular material compacted in layers not exceeding 300 mm
thick up to slab formation.
441 CLASS X GRANULAR SURROUND FOR GROUND WATER:
63
- Lay 75 mm deep bed, at least 100 mm wider than pipe, with 10 mm single size material to
BS 882.
- Lay pipes and adjust to line and gradient.
- Complete surround with 20 mm single size material compacted to 150 mm above crown
of pipe.
451 CLASS Y CONCRETE SURROUND FOR SHALLOW PIPES UNDER BUILDINGS:

- Where crown of pipe is less than 300 mm below underside of slab, encase pipe in
concrete of same mix as slab and cast integrally with the slab. Extend length of concrete surround to
within 150 mm of next nearest flexible joint.
- Excavate trench after hardcore has been laid and compacted.
- Lay concrete blinding, 25 mm thick over full width of trench and allow to set.
- Lay pipes on blinding on folding wedges of compressible board not less than 100 mm
above blinding. Anchor the pipeline or fill with water, if necessary, to prevent flotation.
461 CLASS Z CONCRETE SURROUND:

- Lay concrete blinding, 25 mm thick over full width of trench and allow to set.
- Lay pipes on blinding on folding wedges of compressible board to give a minimum 150
mm clearance under the pipe. Anchor the pipeline or fill with water, if necessary, to prevent flotation.
- Form vertical construction joints in surround at face of flexible pipe joints using 18 mm
thick compressible board precut to profile of pipe. Fill any gap between spigot and socket with resilient
material to prevent entry of concrete.
- After initial testing, place and compact more concrete for full width of trench to encase
pipe to 150 mm above crown or to other height as specified or shown on drawings.
470 TRENCHES LESS THAN ONE METRE FROM FOUNDATIONS: Where bottom of trench is lower
than bottom of foundation, use Class Z concrete surround as clause 461. Top of concrete to be not lower
than bottom of foundation.
480 TRENCHES MORE THAN ONE METRE FROM FOUNDATIONS:

- Where bottom of drainage trench is below a critical level, (defined below) Class Z
concrete surround as clause 461 is to be used, the top of the concrete being not lower than the critical
level.
- For the purpose of this clause the critical level is D mm lower than level of foundation
bottom, D mm being equal to the horizontal distance of the near side of the trench from the foundation,
minus 150 mm.
490 CROSSOVERS: Where two pipelines (other than plastics pipes) cross with less than 300 mm
separation, surround each with Class Z concrete surround as clause 461 for not less than 1 m centred on
the crossing point. Extend length of concrete surrounds as necessary to within 150 mm of next nearest
flexible joints.
512 PIPELINES PASSING THROUGH STRUCTURES:

- Where pipelines must be cast in or fixed to structures (including manholes, catchpits and
inspection chambers) provide short length or rocker pipes near each external face, with flexible joint at
each end:
Pipe size (DN) Distance to first joint Short length (mm)
from structure (mm)
100 & 150 150 600
225 225 600
- Where pipelines need not be cast in or fixed to structures (e.g. walls to footings) provide
either:
- short length or rocker pipes as specified above, or
- openings in the structures to give 50 mm minimum clearance around the pipeline
and closely fit a rigid sheet to each side of opening to prevent ingress of fill or vermin.
520 BENDS AT BASE OF SOIL STACKS:

- Unless specified otherwise, use a 90 degrees nominal rest bend with a minimum radius of
200 mm to centreline of the pipe.
64
- Invert of horizontal drain at base of stack to be not less than 450 mm below centreline of
lowest branch pipe.
- Stabilize bend(s) by bedding in concrete without impairing the flexibility of couplings.
525 DIRECT CONNECTION OF GROUND FLOOR WCS TO DRAINS:

- Drop from crown of WC trap to invert of drain must not exceed 1.5 m.
- Horizontal distance from the drop to a ventilated drain must not exceed 6 m.
530 RIGID BACKDROP PIPES outside the manhole wall: Encase with not less than 150 mm of
concrete as specified under Generally. All excavation beneath the backdrop pipe and its surround must be
replaced with concrete.
550 ANCHORAGES TO PRESSURE PIPES:

- Drawing reference(s): Standard Sewer & Watermain Details 2658C(00)C601 –
2658C(00)C608
- Horizontal thrusts: Cast cradle around half of pipe up to undisturbed trench side.
- Vertical or inclined thrusts: Clamp pipeline/fitting to concrete block below with two 6 mm
galvanized steel straps.
- Pipeline inclines greater than 16.5%: Cast concrete blocks across pipe and set into
undisturbed ground.
570 FLEXIBLE COUPLINGS:

- To BS EN 295-4, WIS 4-41-01, or Agreement certified.
Manufacturer and reference(s): TBC
- Ensure that the ends of pipes to be joined are cleanly cut and square.
- Ensure that outer surfaces of pipes to be joined are clean and smooth. Where necessary,
e.g. on concrete or iron pipes, smooth out mould lines and/or apply a cement grout over the sealing area.
TERMINAL/ACCESS FITTINGS
610 LOCKED/GRATED ROAD GULLIES:

Manufacturer and references: Contractor’s proposal to be agreed with the
Architect/Engineer.
630 GREASE TRAPS:

Manufacturer and references : Refer to the Architects and M&E Engineers specifications
and drawings.
680 MANUFACTURE: Obtain each complete assembly of fittings, traps, etc., including appropriate
couplings, from the same manufacturer, and check compatibility of components with each other and with
the pipe system.
690 INSTALLATION OF FITTINGS:

- Set fittings square with and tightly jointed to adjacent construction as appropriate. If open
to doubt obtain instructions.
- Bed and surround fittings, traps, etc. in concrete, 150 mm thick, mix as specified under
Generally.
- Permissible deviation in level of gully gratings to be +0 to - 10 mm,
- Fit purpose made temporary caps over exposed openings in fittings and protect from site
traffic.
MANHOLES/CHAMBERS/SOAKAWAYS/TANKS
710 BRICK MANHOLES/INSPECTION CHAMBERS:

2658C(00)C608
- Bases: 150 mm thick plain concrete, mix as specified under Generally.
- Brickwork: Type F10/ with frogs facing upwards.
65
- Steps: to BS 1247.
Bed in joints to all chambers over 900 mm deep at 300 mm vertical centres staggered
300 mm horizontally, with lowest step not more than 300 mm above benching and top step not more than
450 mm below top of cover.
Cover slabs: precast or in situ concrete at Contractors discretion. If precast, bed solid in 1:3 cement:sand
mortar to brickwork.
Openings to suit required access covers.
Concrete mix as specified under Generally.
Reinforcement: Steel fabric to BS 4483, reference E30
Access covers and seating: Class C25 Cover and Frame To IS/EN 124
721 CONCRETE MANHOLES UP TO 6 METRES DEEP:

2658C(00)C608
- In situ concrete bases: 500 mm thick plain concrete, mix as specified under Generally.
- Manholes: To BS 5911, Kitemark certified, all components from the same manufacturer.
Manufacturer and reference: TBC
Class : 30/20 Concrete
Chamber rings: Size(s) DN 1200
Cover slabs: Cast in situ, Concrete mix as specified under Generally. Openings to suit
required access covers.
Joints: as recommended by manhole manufacturer.
- Steps: to BS 1247.
- In situ concrete surround: 150 mm minimum thickness, 20N/mm mix.
- Access covers and seating: Grade A heavy duty ductile iron cover and frame as clause
811
811 CAST IRON ACCESS COVERS AND SEATING:

- Covers: Grey iron or ductile iron to BS EN 124.
Manufacturer: TBC
- Seating: Make up in engineering bricks to BS 3921,
Class B, laid in 1:3 cement:sand mortar, or precast concrete cover frame units, Type 1 or
Type 2 to suit cover shape.
- Bed and haunch frame solidly in 1:3 cement:sand mortar over its whole area, centrally
over opening, top level and square with joints in surrounding finishes. Cut back top of haunching to 30 mm
below top of surface material.
835 LIFTING KEYS: Provide suitable lifting keys for each type of access cover and hand over to the
Employer at Practical Completion.
851 OUTFALL(S)
- Drawing reference(s): Refer to the Civil and Structural Engineers drawings.
- In situ concrete base: 500mm thick plain concrete, mix as specified under Generally.
- Brickwork/Blockwork: Type F10
- Ensure that pipe outflow invert is no lower than seasonal peak level or 150 mm above
normal water level, whichever is the higher.
- Pipe surround and backfill to the last 2 m run of drain to be excavated subsoil, rammed
home.
- Vermin grating: Mild steel frame to extend 75 mm beyond pipe opening on all sides, with
25 mm maximum opening steel mesh grille. Top hinged on built-in fish-tail straps and with bottom pin
lock. All galvanized to BS 729 after fabrication.
861 CONNECTIONS TO SEWERS: Connect new pipework to existing adopted sewer(s) to the
requirements of the Statutory Authority or its agent.
CLEANING/TESTING/INSPECTION
66
900 CLEANING:
- Flush out the whole of the installation with water to remove all silt and debris before final
testing, before CCTV inspection if specified and immediately before handover.
- Safely dispose of washings and any detritus without discharging them into sewers or
watercourses.
910 TESTING/INSPECTION GENERALLY:

- Give CA advance notice to allow the opportunity to attend all tests and inspections.
- Give the Statutory Authority appropriate notice to enable pipelines to be inspected and
tested as required.
- Provide water, assistance and apparatus as required.
- All lengths of drain, manholes and inspection chambers must pass the tests specified. If
permitted test loss or infiltration is exceeded, remedy defect(s) before retesting after an appropriate
period.
920 WATER/AIR TESTING OF GRAVITY DRAINS AND PRIVATE SEWERS UP TO DN 300:

Types of test:
The contractor in the presence of the Local Sanitary Authority shall test all main pipelines after they are
jointed and before concreting or backfilling commences. Pipelines shall be tested by means of an air or
water test, refer to the latest version of BS 8005 or equivalent. A further test may be required after the
backfill is complete.
Air Test:
Pipes to be tested to 100mm of air pressure for 5minutes duration. A max drop of 25mm is allowed.
Water Test:
Pipes and manholes are to be filled to 1.2 metres above the crown at the high end of the line. The rate of
loss of water should not be greater than 1 litre per hour, per metre diameter, per metre pipe of run.
930 TESTING OF ADOPTABLE AND LARGE PRIVATE SEWERS:

- Test sewers up to and including DN 750 size in accordance with BS 8005:Part 1 as
follows:
- Initially, before backfilling, by air test as paragraph 13.3.
- Finally, after backfilling, by water test as paragraph 13.4.
- Test sewers over DN 750 size before and after backfilling with appropriate equipment on
short sections or at joints in accordance with BS 8005:Part 1, paragraph 13.5.
- After backfilling check at manholes for infiltration into sewers in accordance with BS
8005:Part 1, paragraph 13.6.
940 WATER TESTING OF MANHOLES/INSPECTION CHAMBERS: Before backfilling test each

manhole or chamber in accordance with BS 8301, paragraph 25.7 for:
- Exfiltration: Drop in water level to be not more than relevant dimension in Table 9.
- Infiltration: Inflow to be not more than 5 litres per hour per manhole.
960 WATER TESTING OF PRIVATE PRESSURE PIPELINES:

- Test watermain pipelines to BS 8301, paragraph 25.8 et seq. not less than 24 hours after
completion of joints and installation of anchorages.
- Commission the pumping system, and check that the operation of the complete
installation is satisfactory under normal working conditions.
67
Z BUILDING FABRIC
20 FIXINGS/ADHESIVES
10 FIXING GENERALLY: Use fixing and jointing methods and types, sizes, quantities and spacings
of fasteners which are suitable having regard to:
- Nature of and compatibility with product/material being fixed and fixed to,
- Recommendations of manufacturers of fasteners and manufacturers of components,
products or materials being fixed and fixed to,
- Materials and loads to be supported,
- Conditions expected in use,
- Appearance, this being subject to approval.
25 FASTENERS for materials and components:

- Forming part of external construction but not directly exposed to the weather to be of
corrosion resistant material or have a corrosion resistant finish.
- Directly exposed to the weather to be of corrosion resistant material.
30 FIXING THROUGH FINISHES: Ensure that fasteners and plugs (if used) have ample penetration
into the backing.
35 PACKINGS
- Provide noncompressible, rot proof packings at fixing points to take up tolerances and
prevent distortion.
- Ensure that packings do not intrude into zones that are to be filled with sealant.
40 CRAMP FIXING:
- When not specified otherwise, position cramps not more than 150 mm from each end of
frame sections and at 600 mm maximum centres.
- Secure cramps to frames with matching screws as masonry work proceeds, and fully bed
in mortar.
50 PELLETING: Countersink screw heads 6 mm below timber surface and glue in grain-matched
pellets cut from matching timber. Finish off flush with face.
60 ADHESIVES:
- Types: As specified in the relevant section.
- Surfaces to receive adhesive to be sound, unfrozen and free from contamination likely to
affect bond. Where necessary, clean as recommended by manufacturer.
- Adjust surface regularity and texture as necessary to suit bonding and gap filling
characteristics of adhesive.
- Observe manufacturer's and statutory requirements for storage and safe usage of
adhesives.
- Do not use in unsuitable environments or beyond the storage period recommended by the
manufacturer.
- Apply using recommended spreaders/applicators to ensure correct coverage. Bring
surfaces together within recommended time period and apply pressure to ensure full bonding.
- Remove surplus using methods recommended by manufacturer, without damaging
surfaces.
68
Z21 MORTARS
10 MORTAR MIX PROPORTIONS and other particular requirements are specified elsewhere.
20 SAND FOR MORTAR:

- To BS 1200 unless specified otherwise.
- Sand for facework mortar to be from one source, different loads to be mixed if necessary
to ensure consistency of colour and texture.
- When a range is specified (e.g. 1:1:5-6) use lower proportion of sand for Grade G sands
and higher proportion for Grade S.
30 READY-MIXED LIME:SAND: Unless specified otherwise, use ready-mixed lime:sand to BS 4721.

Coloured mortar, where required, to be made using a proprietary coloured ready-mixed lime:sand, colour
to approval where not specified.
40 CEMENT FOR MORTAR: When not specified otherwise, to be Portland cement or Portland
blastfurnace cement, to class 42.5 or 52.5, manufactured and supplied under the BSI Kitemark scheme
for cement. All cements must comply with the appropriate British Standard.
50 ADMIXTURES: To BS 4887. Do not use in mortar unless specified or approved. Do not use
calcium chloride or any admixtures containing calcium chloride.
60 MAKING MORTAR:
- Keep plant and banker boards clean at all times.
- Measure materials accurately by volume using clean gauge boxes or clean, undamaged
buckets. Proportions of mixes are for dry sand; allow for bulking if sand is damp.
- Mix ingredients thoroughly to a consistence suitable for the work and free from lumps. Do
not overmix mortars containing air entraining admixtures.
- Do not mix mortar when the air temperature is at or below 3°C and falling or below 1°C
and rising.
- Use mortar within about two hours of mixing at normal temperatures. Do not use after the
initial set has taken place and do not retemper.
69
Z22 SEALANTS
10 SEALANT TYPES: As specified in the relevant section.
20 SUITABILITY OF JOINTS: Before commencing, check that:

Joint dimensions are within limits specified for the sealant
Surfaces are smooth and undamaged
Preparatory work which must be done before assembly of the joint has been carried out.
Inform CA if joints are not suitable to receive sealant and submit proposals for
rectification.
30 PREPARING JOINTS:
- Remove all temporary coatings, tapes, loosely adhering material, dust, oil, grease and
other contaminants which may affect bond.
- Backing strip, bond breaker, primer: Types recommended for the purpose by sealant
manufacturer.
- Insert backing strips and/or bond breaker tape into joint leaving no gaps.
- Cover adjacent surfaces with masking tape to prevent staining and protect surfaces which
would be difficult to clean if smeared with primer or sealant.
40 APPLYING SEALANTS:
- Do not apply to damp surfaces (unless recommended otherwise), to surfaces affected by
ice or snow or during inclement weather. Do not heat joints to dry them or raise the temperature.
- Fill joints completely, leaving no gaps, excluding all air and ensuring firm adhesion of
sealant to required joint surfaces. Tool the sealant to a neat, slightly concave profile unless specified
otherwise.
70

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Expo 2020: Ireland Pavilion

Dubai Expo 2020

This document has 167 pages including the cover.

Job number: 5167004 Document ref:

Client Office of Public Works

Project Dubai Expo 2020 Ireland’s Pavilion

Document title Structural Specification

Job no. 5186244

Copy no. #01

Document reference 5186244/Docs/ContrDocs/Architectural Documents

Addendum – Additions and Updates to Specification

Additional Information Added to Specification from original issue:

D EXCAVATING AND FILLING 4

D EXCAVATING AND FILLING

181 SITE CLEARANCE:

250 ACCURACY: Permissible deviations from formation levels:

260 FORMATIONS GENERALLY:

360 EXCESS EXCAVATIONS: Backfill any excavations taken:

510 HAZARDOUS, AGGRESSIVE OR UNSTABLE MATERIALS:

530 PLACING FILL GENERALLY:

600 BACKFILLING TO FOUNDATIONS:

670 VENTING HARDCORE LAYER:

- crushed concrete, crushed brick or tile, free from plaster

750 BLINDING TO HARDCORE:

751 HARDCORE TESTING

- The chemical testing and limits to be achieved shall be as follows:

Chemical Testing in accordance with BS EN 1744-1:1998 clause 11 (total Sulphur) and

Limits for chemical requirements in accordance with tables 12 and 13 of BS EN 13242:2002

Codes/specifications in accordance with both BS EN 1744-1: 1998 and BS EN 13242:2002

- In addition to the chemical testing, petrographic analysis by a suitably experienced

Based in accordance with CTQ-M 200 material is deemed acceptable:

If pyrite equivalent is <0. 5%

Hardcore under raft foundation: T.1 0/40mm for crushed gravel

Hardcore under vehicular paving: T.1 0/40mm for crushed gravel

Hardcore under pedestrian paving: T.1 0/40mm for crushed gravel

Blinding: T.3 0/4mm blinding

E05 IN SITU CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION GENERALLY

110 ARRANGEMENT OF INFORMATION: The different parts of in situ concrete

225 TEMPERATURE RECORDS

Requirement: Throughout period of concrete construction record:

310 SURFACE REGULARITY OF CONCRETE FLOORS

510A EXPOSED CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION: The following clauses in other sections

E10 IN SITU CONCRETE MIXES, CASTING AND CURING

DESIGNED CONCRETE TO BE USED FOR RAFT FOUNDATION AND ROOF DECK -

Mix Ref C16/20 C25/30 C28/35 C28/35

Location Blinding/Lean External Civils Cavity infill Architectural

Strength Class C16/20 C25/30 C28/35 C28/35

Other N/A N/A N/A N/A

Applicable Exposure X0 XC3 X0 XC1

Slump Class S2/S3 S2/S3 S3 S2/S3

Note an accelerator or retarder is not to be used in concrete on this project.

MATERIALS, BATCHING AND MIXING

418d Consistence (Slump):

418j Curing and Cooling:

490 PROPERTIES OF FRESH CONCRETE to be determined by the Contractor in consultation with

will be at the expense of the Contractor, and

PLACING AND COMPACTING

CURING AND PROTECTION

Drying winds or dry, 140 180

Intermediate 100 140

- Other structural concrete surfaces (cements as above):

Drying winds or dry, 80 140

830 TEMPERATURE OF CONCRETE: