FIRST ASIAN INTERNATIONAL SYSTEMS COLLEGE,

INC.
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Learning Activity Sheets (LAS)

Name of Learner: ___________

Grade Level: _______________
Section: ___________________
Date: ______________________

SCIENTIFIC METHOD OF PHILOSOPHIZING

(PPT11/12-lc-2.1/PPT11/12-ld-2.2/PPT11/12-ld-2.3)

1.1 INTRODUCTION
SCIENTIFIC METHOD OF PHILOSOPHIZING
In your science class, you alredy know that when salt and sugar are dissolved in
water, they form a homogenous solution. On the other hand, sand combined with
water forms a heterogenous mixture.
What process led you to know that?
Find out the answer in this lesson!
LEARN ABOUT IT!
Doing experiments are standard in science classes, In the previous example, knowing
whether a mixture is heterogenous or homogenous can easily be done just by
performing a simple test. This lesson involves the process of experimentation and
observation referred to as the scientific method of philosophizing.
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
The term “science” is derived from the latin word SCIENTIA that means “to produce
knowledge” The scientific method, also called empirical method, is a process of
determining truth or knowledge through experimentation, inductive and deductive
reasoning and hypothesis or theory testing.The scientific method could trace its
history from the Classical period with Aristotle giving the earliest structured theory on
the scientific approach.The process begins with an idea about any given topic.
Hypothesis testing is done to prove the validity of this idea.In a philosophical view,
the means of hypothesis testing and its results are considered the most important
feature of the method.The scientific method also values observation as an important
aspect because it contributes to further understanding the results of the hypothesis
testing.
EXAMPLES:
In exposing one plant to sunlight while limiting the exposure of another is done to test
which setting promotes better plant growth.
testing and quantifying morality, love, mercy, justice, or compassion which are all
realities that do not dwell in the realm of materialism.
SCIENTIFIC METHOD OF PHILOSOPHIZING
OPINION AND TRUTH
It is important to remember that the scientific method involves only the truth.
However, differentiating between the two is still important.
An opinion is a personal view formed about as a particular matter. An example of this
would be your take on who among your science teachers is the best
Truth is something that has actual and proven existence regardless of one's opinion.
For example, raspberry plants that receive the most water grow the biggest.
Try to analyze the given situations. Distinguish the opinion from the truth.

STATEMENT A STATEMENT B

In the midst of advanced knowledge and
sophisticated technologies, no man at
present can bring a dead person back to
life
Country X's law, as rooted in the belief in
an inalienable right to live, disallows its
citizens to take their own lives; however,
euthanasia becomes an exception when a
citizen is considered a bad person.

Situation A reveals the truth because it is proven scientifically.

Situation B expresses an opinion because it is a personal view about the topic.
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD LEAD TO WISDOM AND TRUTH
The scientific method leads to wisdom and truth because it uses an evidence-based
approach to come up with its conclusion. In this method, all truths are supported by
facts that can easily be tested or proven again through experiments, logical reasoning,
or observation. The knowledge and truth gained from the scientific method assured to
come directly from valid conclusions.
EXAMPLE
-My classmate does not believe that condensed milk can turn into caramel sauce.
-Why does my classmate refuse to consider the transformation properties of condensed milk?
-If I show her the process of making caramel sauce , then she would believe.
-With my classmate, I placed a can of condensed milk in a pan of boiling water . I left it there
for 3 hours (stove still on), ensuring that the whole can is completely submerged in water at
all times. Once done , I turned off the stove and removed the can from the pan with water.
-I opened the can with my classmate. In it, the condensed milk changed into a silky golden
brown color and tasted recognizably of caramel.
-My classmate believed me because I showed her proof through the experiment.
EXPLORE!
Throughout the years, the scientific method has been used by professionals and
amateurs alike to come up with conclusions about their topics of interest. Many
studies have been done to facilitate a scientific method in exploring a certain
phenomenon. One such notable experiment is Louis Pasteur's, whose discovery of the
process of pasteurization greatly boosted the food and health industry. As a student,
how can you apply the scientific method to answer your questions?
Tip!
The scientific method should always be concluded with supporting
evidence.However, ideas to be tested may or may not be derived from existing
facts.The use of observation in the scientific method is a critical aspect of supporting
empirical conclusions. Be sure that all your senses are actively engaged to observe
during experimentation.
KEYPOINTS!
A method of philosophizing is a process of determining the truth or a conclusion of a
statement through the use of various philosophical methods such as Socratic,
Dialectic, Hiostorical and Scientific .The scientific method or empirical method is a
process of determining truth or knowledge through experimentation, inductive and
deductive reasoning and hypothesis or theory testing.An opinion is a personal view
formed about a particular matter , while the truth is something that has actual and
proven existence regardless of one's opinion.The scientific method of philosophizing
leads to wisdom and truth
ACTIVITY:
DIRECTION: Write the correct answer on the space provided.
___1.The Scientific method is also known by what name?
a. logical method
b. dialectic method
c. empirical method
d. historical method
___2.Which philosopher laid out the earliest structured scientific approach?
a. Plato
b. Aristotle
c. Socrates
d. Kant
___3.How is a hypothesis is tested?
 Select your answer.
a. by reading
b. by arguing facts
c. by experimenting
d. by observing
___4.Which of the following scenarios demonstrates the scientific method ?
a. eating only vegetables to see its effect on one's health
b. looking out of the windows to see the color of the sky
c. recording your grades in every subject
d. answering the math questions of a friend
___5.Why is observation is important in the scientific method ?
a. It enables you to see the topic in a different perspective .
b. It enables you to further understand the results of the experiment.
c. It enables you to see the elements involved in the experiment.
d. It enables you to copy the experiment.
___6.You read from a book that eating peanuts daily boosts mental function.
Using the scientific method, how would you know if this is true?
a. Take mental tests only.
b. Read more about the effectiveness of peanuts in mental functioning.
c. Eat peanuts daily, then measure your daily mental function through tests.
d. Ask a neurologist if the statement is true.
___7.Why is scientific method a valid source of the truth?
a. It is based on observation .
b. It is based on theory
c. it is based on evidence.
d. It is based on logic
___8.Which of the following statements is true?
1. The scientific method starts with an idea.
2. The scientific ends with an empirical conclusion.
 Select your answer.
a. both statement 1 and 2 are true.
b. both statements 1 and 2 are false.
c. statement 1
d. statement 2
___9.Which statement validly describes the scientific method ?
1. The result is less important than the means of hypothesis testing.
2. Observation happens only during experimentation.
a. statement 1
b. both statement 1 and 2
c. neither statement 1 nor 2
d. statement 2
___10. How do you differentiate the scientific method in philosophy and science?
a. The scientific method in philosophy is limited only in response to questions
about human existence while the scientific method in science encompasses all
questions about the matter.
b. Scientific method in philosophy is more inclined to answering questions of
logic while the scientific method in science is more inclined to answering
questions about the physical environment.
c. There is no difference between the scientific method in philosophy and science.
ANSWER THE QUESTION: (5PTS.)
Why is the scientific method more recognized in the discipline of science than in
philosophy? What is the difference between the scientific method in philosophy and
in the physical sciences?
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Reference:
INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON BOOK/
www.google.com

Prepared by:
MIKEE R. MARCELO
FIRST ASIAN INTERNATIONAL SYSTEMS COLLEGE,
INC.
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Learning Activity Sheets (LAS)

Name of Learner: ___________

Grade Level: _______________
Section: ___________________
Date: ______________________

HISTORICAL METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING

(PPT11/12-Id-2.2/PPT11/12-Id-2.3)

1.2 INTRODUCTION
You already know that the Philippines has a rich culture that was molded by colonial
influences in the past.
If you want further know how that happened, what type of book should you read?
How do you know that was recorded in our history books really happened?
Find out the answers in this lesson!
Learn about it!
If you answered “history book” in the previous question, you are correct. Now, if you
were to read that particular history book to know how the Philippines ended up with
such a unique culture , then you just applied the historical approach in your activity.
Historical evidences are derived from records of the past

THE HISTORICAL METHOD

The term “history” is from the Greek word iotopia which means “to investigate” or
“to find out”.
The historical method is the process of gathering evidences, examining them, and
formulating ideas about the past to come up with the present truths.
In this approach, it is believed that history has a “divine order” or a large “cyclical or
progressive” pattern that enables events to repeat themselves and record information
through historical accounts or archaeological findings.
The process of learning the truth is simply through looking at past records to validate
the present hypothesis.
If viewed in a more general perspective, the historical approach would include only a
historical account to differentiate truth from opinion.
History is seen as more important than logic and a more valid source of the truth.
Using the historical approach is much like researching for an answer to a particular
question. Reviewing what has been done in the past is the primary methods of looking
at a solution for a problem at present
EXAMPLES
You are going to Baguio for the first time with your family. You have the option to
use one of two routes. You look for reviews published in the internet to determine
which of the routes is better.
An entrepreneur wants to open a cafè in a middle class residential area in the city.
Before buying the property, she looked first at previous business ventures that were
established within the area to determine the feasibility of her plan.
HISTORICAL METHOD
The historical method deals with examining the past to come up with present facts or
truths.
OPINION AND TRUTH
It is Important to distinguish opinion from truth when using the historical method
REMEMBER:
An opinion is a personal view formed about a particular matter, such as your
preference for Japanese cuisine.
Truth is something that has actual and proven existence regardless of one's opinion,
such as the fact that the Philippines is made up of more than 7,100 islands.
Try to anlyze the given Situations
Distinguish the opinion from the truth.

SITUATION A SITUATION B

Filipino historians disproved Europeans'
claim that Ferdinand Magellan
discovered the Philippines on March 17,
1521. According to them, the Philippines
was a civilized archipelago long before
the so called “the age of explorations and
discoveries”.
India was one of the dangerous countries
for journalists in 2015, with nine reporter
losing their lives, according to the annual
report of Reporters without Borders. In
line with this, a Youtube video entitled
”10 Deadliest Countries,”has been
viewed naming India as the deadliest
country,.

Well is it clear that...

Situation A reveals the truth because this account is derived from historical evidence.
Situation B expresses an opinion because it is a personal view
HISTORICAL METHOD LEADS TO WISDOM AND TRUTH
Because history is repititive, it is believed that the things that are ocurring at present
already happened in the past. Following this logic, the historical method serves the
purpose of digging into historical data and analyzing together the findings to come up
with a conclusion. The use of the method, therefore, leads to knowledge that is true
and evidence based.
EXAMPLE:
-The Philippines was a civilized archipelago in the pre-colonial era.
-When was the source written/produced?
March 17,1521 when Magellan landed on Philippine soil.
-Where was it written/produced?
The Philippines and in the Western world
-By whom it was written/produced?
Antonio Pigafetta kept an accurate journal of their travcel
-From what pre-existing material was it evident?
Pre-colonial pieces of literature
-In what original form was it written/produced?
Journal of Magellan's Voyage by Antonio Pigafetta
-What is the evidential worth/value of its contents?
Not only a source of information but also an early description of Philippine civiliation
History is repetitive. Only technology and political systems change. Everything
revolves around war for conquest, whatever the specific reasons. Greed is the brace
no matter what the system may be.
Here are some tips:
The historical method does not accept logic as the primary source of the truth .
Instead, it relies on factual information or evidence-based conclusions to confirm a
present idea as the truth.
The historical method, as a method of philosophizing, should not be mistaken for
historical materialism. Although both concepts fall under philosophy, historical
materialism is a Marxian topic that caters to a more liberal readership.
History as a discipline, should be considered as seperate topic from the historical
method. While both concepts focus on past events as significant, the latter only uses
history to produce its main goal which is the truth
Let me sum up my key points:
A method of philosophizing is a process of determining truths or conclusions from a
statement through the use of various philosophi cal methods such as Socratic,
Dialectic, Historical and Scientific.
The historical method deals with examining the past to come up with present truths.
An opinion, is a personal view formed about a particular matter while the truth is
something that has actual and proven existence regardless of one's opinion.
The historical method of philosophizing leads to wisdom and truth.

ACTIVITY: (5pts. Each)

1. Choose a random object in your house .On a piece of paper, write a hypothesis
of where you think that object originated from. You may also include your ideas on
how you think that object was used in the past..
2. After listing your thoughts, find some relevant information on the internet that
may tell you more about your choosen object . You may also search for answers at the
library if you want. Once you find valid information, compare your work to the real
origins of the object to see how you fared.
3. Can the use of the historical approach predict the future? Why or Why not?
_____________________________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

Reference:
INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON BOOK/
www.google.com

Prepared by:
MIKEE R. MARCELO