Roasa, Rochie K.

BSIT - IC
Environmental Science iii. Plates
5. Astronomy
Science - Natural science that studies:
- Intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic i. Celestial objects
study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural ii. Phenomena
world through observation and experiment - Applies: → to explain the origin of those objects and
- Systematized enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in phenomena and their evolution
the form of testable explanations and predictions about the i. Mathematics
universe ii. Physics
- Systematized body of knowledge iii. Chemistry
- Proven and tested study of the universe and the world - Study of celestial bodies (objects outside of the earth)
6. Meteorology
Branches - Scientific study of the atmosphere
1. Biology i. Focus: weather processes and forecasting
- Natural science that studies life and living organisms 1. Weather
including their: 2. Thunder
i. Physical structure 3. Levels of clouds
ii. Chemical processes 4. Parts of the atmosphere
iii. Molecular interactions - Meteorological phenomena
1. Changes in chemicals i. Observable weather events which illuminate and are
a. Part of human anatomy explained by the science of meteorology
iv. Physiological mechanisms ii. Events are bound by the variables that exist in the
v. Development earth’s atmosphere
vi. Evolution - Study of objects found within the earth’s atmosphere
1. Man and animals - Meteorologist: study storms and how it forms
- [past] study of living things - Forecaster: says/reports the things that was found by the
- [present] study of life meteorologist
2. Chemistry 7. Zoology
- Scientific discipline involved with: - Research the development of animal diseases
i. Compounds composed of atoms - Animal scientists or animal biologists
1. Elements - Branch of biology that deals with the animal kingdom.
2. Molecules - Study of animals
ii. Combination of atoms i. Physical structure
1. Composition ii. Diseases that came from animals
2. Structure iii. Partnership to virus
3. Properties iv. Development
4. Behavior v. Behavior
5. Changes they undergo during a reaction with vi. Habitat
other compounds 8. Botany
- Study of: - Plant science/s
i. Chemicals - Plant biology or phytology
ii. Table of elements - Science of plant life
iii. Atoms - Branch of biology
iv. Reaction of chemicals - Botanist: plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who
3. Physics specializes in this field
- Science that deals with: - Study about plants
i. Structure of matter 9. Paleontology
ii. Interactions between the fundamental constituents of - Concerned with fossil animals and plants
the observable universe - Study about fossil fuels
- Greek: “physikos” 10. Ecology
- Concerned with all aspects of nature on both: - Branch of biology
i. Macroscopic levels – anything that is visible with the - Deals with the relations of organisms to one another and
naked eye to their physical surroundings
ii. Submicroscopic levels – depends on the microscope - Used to be called environmental science
- Study of the movements of the earth 11. Environmental Science
4. Geology - Interdisciplinary academic field that integrates: → to the
- Earth science concerned with study of the environment, and the solution of
i. The solid earth environmental problems.
ii. Rocks of which it is composed i. Physical
iii. Process by which they change overtime ii. Biological
- Study of: iii. Information sciences
i. The earth 1. Ecology
ii. Rock formation 2. Biology
Roasa, Rochie K.
BSIT - IC
3. Physics - Environment
4. Chemistry - Other organisms
5. Plant science - Entomologists: make great contributions to such diverse
6. Zoology fields as:
7. Mineralogy i. Agriculture
8. Oceanography ii. Chemistry
9. Limnology iii. Biology
10. Soil science iv. Human/animal health
11. Geology v. Molecular science
12. Physical geography (geodesy) vi. Criminology
13. Atmospheric science vii. Forensics
- Study about the environment 18. Forensics
12. Genetics - Scientific tests or techniques used in connection with the
- Study of: detection of crime
i. Genes - Study about things that can solve crimes
ii. Genetic variation i. Investigation about:
iii. Heredity in living organisms 1. Fingerprints
- Considered a field of biology, but intersects frequently 2. Blood type
with many other life sciences and is strongly linked with 3. Footprints
the study of information systems. 4. Semen
- Study of the evolution of humans through mutation 19. Pathology
13. Aerodynamics - Study the evidence of disease in living organism
- study of: - Study of the evidence on how people get sick due to
i. Properties of moving air diseases
ii. Interaction between the air and solid bodies moving 20. Forestry
through it. - Science, art and practice of understanding, managing and
- Properties of a solid object regarding the manner in which using wisely the natural resources associated with, and
air flows around it. derived from forest lands
- Study of air and things that can be found and used in air - Resources
14. Anatomy i. Timber
- Branch of biology ii. Water
- Concerned with the study of the structure of organisms iii. Fish
and their parts. iv. Wildlife
- Study of the structure of humans v. Soil
i. Muscles vi. Plants
ii. Vessels vii. Recreation
15. Physiology - Study about forestry
- Branch of biology - Study on how to preserve forests
- Deals with the normal functions of living organisms and
their parts.
- Way in which a living organism or bodily part functions.
- Study on how we move certain parts of our body
- Physiologist: studies how to solve problems in our body
structure
16. Microbiology
- study of:
i. Microscopic organisms
1. Bacteria
2. Viruses
3. Archaea
4. Fungi
5. Protozoa
- Includes fundamental research on:
i. Biochemistry
ii. Physiology
iii. Cell biology
iv. Ecology
v. Evolution
vi. Clinical aspects of microorganisms
vii. Host response to these agents.
17. Entomology
- Study of insects and their relationship to:
- Humans
Roasa, Rochie K.
BSIT - IC
Rhythmic Activities

Every individual has rhythm. It is found in all of nature and is natural

to every individual. Rhythm is most clearly seen through dance- the
art of movement

Rhythm
- Regular recurrence of accented and unaccented beats.
- Denotes an aspect of a quality of movement that is sometimes
thought of as dance
- Rhythmic movements/rhythms: individual moves in response to
a particular rhythm or music; structured forms which start
creative rhythmic movements

Dance
- Movement set to music where there emerges organization,
structure and pattern
- Composition that implies arrangement of parts into a form.
- Arrangement of movement with pattern and music
Dancing
- Means of expressing one’s emotions through movement
disciplined by rhythm
- Act of moving rhythmically and expressively to an
accompaniment.
- Came from an old German word: “danson” = stretch
- Made up of stretching and relaxing.
- Way to express emotions through movement
Rhythmic Fundamentals
- In the field of dance, there are certain fundamental knowledge
and rhythmic skills considered important for proficiency and
efficiency in bodily movements 11. Measure – group of pulse beats
- Foundation 12. Note pattern – refers to a note or set of notes with or without
rest used for a certain dance step
Elements of Rhythm 13. Step pattern – movement/s done for each of the dance steps
1. Beat – underlying pulse of a rhythm
- Movement of sounds Elements of Movement Space
2. Tempo – rate of speed of a movement Direction
3. Intensity – variation of stress of movement - Line of movement taken which maybe forward, backward,
4. Pitch – lowness or highness of a tone sideward, diagonal, upward, or a combination of those
5. Accent – emphasis on certain beats mentioned.
- Highlight Level
6. Meter – regular recurrence of beats which divides a musical - Movement through space that maybe done at a high, low, or
design to measure medium level.
7. Phrase – measures grouped together - Intensity of the movement
- Power keys Range
8. Bar – in a music, it is the vertical line across a staff dividing it - Area covered as the body moves.
into equal measures of time - Maybe small as when the movement is done in one’s place; or
9. Count – a pulse beat, a time large when movement covers a wide area as when getting away
10. Note – printed symbol of a musical tone from one’s place
- Space
Floor Pattern
- Path or design that is made while moving in space
- It may take a form of a circle, square, straight line or zigzag.
- Formation

Movement Qualities
- Movement expression is attained through the elements of time,
force and space
A. Time Qualities
1. Movements which is fast
i. Galloping horse
ii. Jet plane
Roasa, Rochie K.
BSIT - IC
2. Movements which is slow 2. Double Circle Formation
i. Turtle
ii. Flower growing
B. Force Qualities
1. Soft light movement
i. Fairies
ii. Birds
iii. Butterflies
iv. Ballet
v. Aerial
2. Strong, heavy movement
i. Elephant
3. Circle/Quadrile Formation
ii. Bulldozer
iii. Cramping
iv. Hip hop
3. Strong, jerky movement
i. Frog
ii. Jumping jack
iii. Ballroom
iv. Jazz
v. Break dancing
4. Smooth, sustained movement
i. Airplane
ii. Fish swimming 4. Semi-circle/Half Moon Formation
iii. Theatrical
iv. Folk
C. Space Qualities
1. Movement up and down
i. Bouncing ball
ii. Yo-yo
2. Movement across, back and forth or around
i. Rowing boat
ii. Merry-go-round 5. Double Line Formation
3. Movement which is low
i. Ants
ii. Turtle
4. Movement which is high
i. Kites
ii. Clouds

Formations Commonly Used in Rhythmic Activities

1. Single Circle Formation

6. Long Open Formation

Roasa, Rochie K.
BSIT - IC
Pagsasaling Pampanitikan o Imahinasyon
o Matayog na kaisipan – hindi pangkaraniwan o mataas na
Panitikan kaisipan
- Galing sa Latin: “litera” = pagkahumaling sa letra o Intuitibong panulat
- Pan (unlapi) + titik (letra) + an (hulapi) - Makatutukoy kung ano ang akdang pampanitikan
- Nagsasaad ng historya
o Bibliya – naglalaman ng kasaysayan ng buhay ni Hesukristo Mga katangian ng pagsasaling pampanitikan
 Buhay, pag-ibig at pangako ng Diyos 1. Ekspresibo
 First 5 books → Moses - Madamdamin
o Michael Jackson – highest paid artist during his time - Pumupukaw sa atensyon ng tao
- Nagbibigay aliw, libangan, entertainment - Expressive
- Pumupukaw ng interes 2. Konotatibo
- Sinusulat ayon sa: → ng manunulat - Pagsariling kahulugan
o Kultura - Connotative/Connotation
o Panahon - Review → balikan
o Values – practice; mahalaga sa tao 3. Pragmatiks
 Libadura: pampaalsa - Kung papaano makaambag sa konteksto
 Fake news: tsismis - Ambag → karunungan = pagbabasa, pansariling karanasan
- Naglalaman ng emosyon, ideya o karunungan 4. Simbolikal
- Nagpapakita ng likha ng imahinasyon - Symbol: binubuo ng mga letra, imahe o pagkumpas
o Nagiging katotohanan kung gagamitan ng aksyon 5. Nakapokus sa anyo at nilalaman
- Nagpapakita ng kagandahan - Walang pokus = matagal na pag-unawa
o Fiction – bungang-isip 6. Bukas sa iba’t ibang pagpapakahulugan o interpretasyon
o Non-fiction – totoong buhay 7. Gumagamit ng natatanging pamamaraan upang itampok ang
o Prose mabisang pangkomunikatibo
 General patronage – para sa lahat - Ano ang halaga ng komunikasyon kung hindi naman
 Parental guidance – dapat may gabay ng magulang naiintindihan ng mambabasa o makikinig
- Sinasaad ang mga kaalaman sa paraang: - Bunga ng hindi pagkakaintindihan → away
o Oral – sinasabi; nagsasalin-salin
 Jose Rizal – Yaya = “Aya” – nagkukuwento ng mga Sino-sino ang may karapatan sa pagsasalin ng mga akdang
katatakutan noong bata pa lamang siya pampanitikan
o Written 1. Marunong nga banyagang wika
- Panuluyan na naisusulat ng tuluyan o patula ng tao - Major in Lingguistis = mga salita
o Tuluyan o prosa – naglalaman ng pang-kaisipan = 2. Maalam sa kultura ng wiakng sinasalin
impormasyon o pagkatuto 3. Maunawaan at maramdaman ang sinasabing “foreign culture
 Hal. Teledrama mentality”
o Patula – sinusulat ng pataludtod 4. Eksposyur at kaalaman sa komunikasyong kros-kultural at
kaalamang linggwistika
 Naglalamang madalas ng damdamin
5. Malampasan o mahigitan ng isang tagasalin ang kaniyang
sariling kultura
Salin – mula sa Javanese (Indonesia) word:
6. Itinuturing na ito ay isang anyo ng komunikasyong bilinggwal at
 To shift = maglipat (tagalog → tagalog)
interkultural
 To change = magpalit/magbago (english → tagalog)
- Pakikipagugnayan
Indonesians – isa sa mga ancestor ng mga Pilipino
7. Dapat isipin na sa pagitan ng teksto at mambabasa ay may
pangunahing personalidad ng tagasalin
Critique – Kritik – to examine
 Positive – good feedback
Gawain ng mag-aaral upang makapagsalin
 Negative – hindi maganda
1. Magkaroon ng dahan-dahang kasanayan sa pagunawa
- Kailangan ng pokus
Surian ng Wikang Pambansa – nagcombine ng iba’t ibang lenguwahe
2. Isaalang-alang ang kondisyon sa edukasyon, oras, pagbabasa at
sa Pilipinas
iba pa
Hal. Tao = mamamayan = balana
- Bibliya: may pinaka rich na kasaysayan
- Asno – hayop
Uri ng Pagsasalin
1. Intralinggwal [intralingguistic] – rewording 3. Pataasin ang kompetens at kahusayang pangwika
- Paggamit ng ibang salitang may kaparehas na kahulugan
2. Interlinggwal [interlingguistic] – translation
3. Intermeotiko – transmutation

Pagsasaling Pampanitikan
- Isang uri ng pagsasaling naiiba sa pangkalahatang o
pangkaraniwang konsepto ng pagsasalin
- Sinasalamin nito ang: