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MEDIOS DE MOLIENDA
Leyes de Desgaste en Optimización
Donde:
3
MOLIENDA CONVENCIONAL: Correlaciones
Empíricas
Donde:
4
TAMAÑO Y DENSIDAD REAL DE LAS BOLAS
5
TAMAÑO Y DENSIDAD REAL DE LAS BOLAS
Replicate # 1 2 3 4 5
Replicate # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
w2 = Container filled with Water, g 1905.0 1905.0 1900.0 1900.0 1895.0 1895.0 1890.0 1885.0 1885.0 1885.0
w3 = Ball, g 1935.0 1925.0 1935.0 1945.0 1935.0 1935.0 1945.0 1965 1930 1965
w4 = Container plus N Balls, filled with water, g 2155.0 2150.0 2150.0 2150.0 2145.0 2145.0 2140.0 2140.0 2135.0 2135.0
Replicate # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
w2 = Container filled with Water, g 1935.0 1930.0 1925.0 1920.0 1920.0 1920.0 1920.0 1915.0 1910.0 1910.0
w3 = Ball, g 1870.0 2010.0 2010.0 1990.0 2250.0 2205.0 2050.0 1910.0 2215.0 2200.0
w4 = Container plus N Balls, filled with water, g 2185.0 2195.0 2195.0 2190.0 2215.0 2215.0 2190.0 2170.0 2205.0 2200.0
Replicate # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
w2 = Container filled with Water, g 607.6 607.2 606.9 606.6 606.2 605.8 605.5 605.1 604.8 604.2
w3 = Ball, g 567.8 577.9 581.5 572.3 580.7 566.6 576.9 582.8 577.8 563.3
w4 = Container plus N Balls, filled with water, g 680.3 681.1 681.4 680.3 680.5 678.5 679.5 679.8 678.9 676.2
7
MEDIA CHARGE OPTIMAL BALL SIZE
Ore Properties :
Ore Density Work Index Feed Size, F80
ton/m3 kWh/ton (metric) microns
2.80 13.16 7000
AZZARONI's Formula :
SIZE
String 1 String 2 Charge Area
Top Size, in 2.50 3.00 Current Mix
Specific Area, m2/m3 75.11 62.75 71.23
Recharge Policy, % 72.37 27.63 Target Value
Mill Charge Content, % 68.63 31.37 71.23
Mixed Strings Excess Area 0.00
Balanced Charge,
Ball Size, in % Passing % Passing % Retained
3.0 100.00 100.00 9.59
2.5 100.00 48.19 36.86
2.0 40.87 19.69 34.36
1.5 12.82 6.18 14.49
1.0 2.40 1.16 4.29
0.5 0.00 0.00 0.40
0.5 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.5 0.00 0.00 0.00
1.0
S iE , ton/kWh .
8 x 10 #
4x6#
14 x 20 #
28 x 35 #
3.0" String
2.5" String
2.0" String
0.1
100 1000 10000
Particle Size, mm
10
EFECTO DE LA COMPOSICIÓN DE LA
CARGA DE BOLAS
10
3.0" String
Selection Function,
2.0" String
1
1.5" String
ton/kWh
0.1
a1
0.01 dcrit
a0
0.001
1 10 100 1000 10000 100000
Particle Size, mm
11
RECARGA MÚLTIPLE DE BOLAS
Existe la creencia natural que recargando una combinacion de bolas de tamaño diferente, se
podría obtener uma mejor eficiencia de molienda de las particulas grandes (por acción de la
bola grande) y al mismo tiempo uma mejora en la molienda de particulas finas (por accion de
las bolas mas chicas)
Sin embargo, así como las bolas grandes son eficientes para las partículas gruesas, estas son
ineficientes para la molienda de finos, mientras que lo inverso aplica para las bolas mas chicas.
Este collar promedio tendrá como resultante un area superficial de carga expuesta, expresada en
m2/m3. (aparente).
12
RECARGA MÚLTIPLE DE BOLAS
Fred C. Bond
Mining Engineering
May, 1958.
13
PRUEBAS DE LABORATORIO CON VARIAS
CARGAS DE BOLAS
Test Ball Charge Exposed Area, Test Ball Charge Exposed Area,
2 3
N° Composition m /m N° Composition m 2/m 3
14
EFECTO DE LA COMPOSICIÓN DE LA
CARGA DE BOLAS
0.1
Series A
Series B
Series C
Series D
a0
0.01
40 50 60 70 80 90 100
2 3
Exposed Charge Area, m / m
15
EFECTO DE LA COMPOSICIÓN DE LA
CARGA DE BOLAS
10
dcrit , mm
Series A
Series B
Series C
Series D
1
40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Exposed Charge Area, m 2 / m 3
16
EFECTO DE LA COMPOSICIÓN DE LA
CARGA DE BOLAS
0.01
a0
0.001
40 50 60 70 80
2 3
Exposed Charge Area, m / m
17
EFECTO DE LA COMPOSICIÓN DE LA
CARGA DE BOLAS
10
dcrit , mm
1
40 50 60 70 80
Exposed Charge Area, m 2 / m 3
18
EFECTO DE LA COMPOSICIÓN DE LA
CARGA DE BOLAS
dcrit / 10
0.1
a0
19
EFECTO DE LA COMPOSICIÓN DE LA
CARGA DE BOLAS
110
ton/hr
100
90
80
70
60
20 40 60 80 100 120 140
20
EFECTO DE LA COMPOSICIÓN DE LA
CARGA DE BOLAS
Policy 75 mm 64 mm 50 mm 50/38 mm 38 mm
Current Condition
21
EFECTO DE LA COMPOSICIÓN DE LA
CARGA DE BOLAS
20.0 mm
120
100
80
60
40
20 40 60 80 100 120 140
22
EFECTO DEL TAMAÑO DE ALIMENTACIÓN
2½”
3”
60
4”
40 5” Current Technology Limit
6”
8”
20
Conventional Grinding SAG Grinding
0
1 10 100
F80 Fresh Feed Ore, mm
23
EFECTO DE LA FORMA DEL MEDIO DE
MOLIENDA
BOLAS vs CYLPEBS
220
9.4 %
190
180
170
160
45 55 65 75 85
24
EFECTO DE LA COMPOSICIÓN DE LA
CARGA DE BOLAS
200
P80, mm
190
180
Initial
170 217 ton/hr
231 ton/hr
160
40 50 60 70 80
Specific Charge Area, m 2 /m 3
25
ÓPTIMA RECARGA DE MEDIOS DE
MOLIENDA
(m2/m3).
26
EFECTO DE LA COMPOSICIÓN DE LA
CARGA DE BOLAS
1.00
S iE , ton/kWh
0.10
Specific
Charge Area
54 m2/m3
67 m2/m3
0.01
0.01 0.1 1 10 100
Particle Size, mm
27
DESGASTE DE MEDIOS DE MOLIENDA
MECANISMOS DE DESGASTE DE MEDIOS
DE MOLIENDA
IMPACT BREAKAGE
29
MECANISMOS PARA MEDIR EL CONSUMO
DE MEDIOS DE MOLIENDA
30
CARATERIZACIÓN CINÉTICA DEL
DESGASTE
Ab
A cada instante, la velocidad de pérdida
de peso de un cuerpo moledor es
directamente proporcional a su área
superficial expuesta:
d(m)
t
d( t )
km A b
Equivalente a:
d d( d) 2
km k d
d( t ) rb
31
LA TEORÍA LINEAL DEL DESGASTE
Ab
Si kd permanece constante en el tiempo – es
decir, no es función del diámetro instantáneo
de la bola – aplicará entonces la siguiente
relación lineal:
d = dR - kd t
32
GENERACIÓN DEL “COLLAR”
CONDICIÓN DE EQUILIBRIO
d
Wb F3(d) =
0
rb (pd3/6) N f0(d) d(d)
F3(d) = (d / dR) 4
34
DISTRIBUCIÓN DEL TAMAÑO DE LAS BOLAS
EN EL “COLLAR” (en peso)
100
3.0"
2.5"
% Menor que ...
2.0"
4.0
10
1
0.1 1 10
Tamaño de Bolas, plgd
35
AREA ESPECÍFICA EXPUESTA POR LAS BOLAS
EN EL “COLLAR”
dR
a = (A/Vap) = [
0
p d2 N f0(d) d(d) ] / (W /r )
b ap
a = 8 (1 - fv) / dR
36
AREA EXPUESTA POR LA MEZCLA DE “K”
TAMAÑOS DIFERENTES DE RECARGA
donde aK corresponde al área específica del ‘collar’ generado por el tamaño dKR de
recarga.
y cuando el tamaño del ‘scrap’, dS → 0:
37
CARGAS INICIALES (% en peso)
MEDIA CHARGE_STRINGS
6.0 16.0
5.5 25.7 17.4
5.0 19.3 27.3 19.0
4.5 14.1 19.9 29.2 21.0
4.0 9.9 14.0 20.5 31.2 23.4
3.5 15.1 9.4 13.7 20.9 33.5 26.5
3.0 12.0 8.6 13.2 21.1 36.0 30.6
2.5 9.0 7.6 12.2 20.8 38.6 36.1
2.0 6.1 6.3 10.7 19.8 41.0 43.9
1.5 3.5 6.0 11.0 22.9 42.4 56.3
1.0 13.7 43.8 100.0
38
INDICADORES DE CONSUMOS DE
BOLAS
INDICADORES DE CONSUMO DE BOLAS
40
VELOCIDAD DE CONSUMO (kg/hr)
41
EVALUACIONES A ESCALA INDUSTRIAL
550.00
500.00
Consumption (Kg/Hr)
450.00
400.00
Forge+
Meatballs
350.00
300.00
250.00
200.00
Jul-02
Dic-02
May-02
May-03
Mar-03
Jun-03
Sep-02
Oct-02
Ene-03
month
42
VELOCIDAD DE CONSUMO (gr/kWh)
43
EVALUACIONES A ESCALA INDUSTRIAL
79.0
77.0
75.0
Consumption (gr/KWh)
73.0
71.0
69.0
Forge+
67.0 Meatballs
65.0
63.0
61.0
59.0
57.0
55.0
Jul-02
Dic-02
May-02
May-03
Mar-03
Jun-03
Sep-02
Oct-02
Ene-03
month
44
RENDIMIENTOS A ESCALA INDUSTRIAL
Depende de la Abrasividad y
Corrosividad del mineral y la
Calidad de las Bolas.
[ ] [ ][ ]
gr gr kWh
=
ton kWh ton
[ ] [ ] [ ]
kWh 1 _ 1 kW
= 10 Wio =
ton P800.5 F800.5 ton/hr
45
EVALUACIONES A ESCALA INDUSTRIAL
800.0
750.0
700.0
Consumption (gr/ton)
650.0
600.0
Forge+
550.0
Meatballs
500.0
450.0
400.0
350.0
300.0
Jul-02
Jun-03
Oct-02
May-02
May-03
Mar-03
Ene-03
Sep-02
Dic-02
month
46
EVALUACIÓN DE CONSUMOS DE
BOLAS A NIVEL OPERACIONAL
EVALUACIONES DE CALIDAD COMPARATIVA
48
EVALUACIÓN DE CALIDAD DE BOLAS
COMPARATIVA
EVALUACIÓN SECUENCIAL
F80 P80
49
EJEMPLO DE EVALUACIÓN SECUENCIAL
S AG 2 S AG 2 Vari aci ón
P re P urga P ost P urga %
50
EVALUACIONES DE CALIDAD COMPARATIVA
51
EVALUACIONES DE CALIDAD COMPARATIVA
52
EVALUACIÓN SECUENCIAL
S AG 2 S AG 2 Va r i a t i on
P r e P ur ge P ost P ur ge %
ORE THROUGHP UT
t on/ hr 1 ,2 5 4 1 ,4 1 0 1 2 .4
S p. We a r C onst a nt , k d E 2 .9 5 3 .1 1 5 .2
53
EJEMPLO DE EVALUACIÓN PARALELA
TONELAJE PROCESADO
ton/hr 1,299 1,410 8.5
CONSUMO DE ENERGIA
kW (neto) 11,791 11,691 (0.8)
kWh/ton 9.08 8.29 (8.7)
CONSUMO DE BOLAS
gr/ton 479 501 4.6
kg/hr 621 707 13.8
gr/kWh 52.7 60.4 14.6
54
MEDIA CHARGE LINEAR WEAR SAG Mills
TM
Moly-Cop Tools
DETERMINATION OF WEAR RATE CONSTANTS
Special Case : SAG MILLS
Power, kW
Mill Dimensions and Operating Conditions 7,273 Balls
Diameter Length Mill Speed Charge Balls Interstitial Lift 2,252 Rocks
ft ft % Critical Filling,% Filling,% Slurry Filling,% Angle, (°) 1,440 Slurry
35.50 17.00 76.00 26.00 14.00 65.00 42.00 10,966 Net Total
rpm 9.77 7.00 % Losses
% Utilization hr/month 11,791 Gross Total
% Solids in the Mill 74.00 89.82 647 7,625 MWh/month
Ore Density, ton/m3 2.80
Slurry Density, ton/m3 1.91 Charge Mill Charge Weight, tons Apparent
Balls Density, ton/m3 7.75 Volume, Ball O´size Interstitial Density
m3 Charge Rocks Slurry ton/m3
Ore Feedrate, ton/hr 1298.5 124.13 310.80 96.25 61.56 3.775
ton/day 27,993
Energy, kWh/ton (ore) 9.08
Ball Recharge Rate
Make-up Ball Size, mm 127.0 gr/ton gr/kWh (gross) gr/kWh (balls) Kg/hr tons/month
Scrap Size, mm 12.7 478.5 52.70 85.44 621.4 402
REFERENCIAS CRUZADAS
56
CROSS REFERENCES
S AG 1 S AG 2 Vari at i on, %
P r e P ur ge 2 .8 4 2 .9 5 4.0
10.7
P ost P ur ge 2 .7 1 3 .1 1 14.6
Vari at i on, % ( 4.5) 5.2
9.8
57
IMPACT BREAKAGE CHARACTERIZATION
58
MEDIA CHARGE IMPACT & WEAR DATA FILE
TM
Moly-Cop Tools
BALL BREAKAGE RATES IN SAG MILLS
Power, kW
Mill Dimensions and Operating Conditions 7438 Balls
Diameter Length Mill Speed Charge Balls Interstitial Lift 2303 Rocks
ft ft % Critical Filling,% Filling,% Slurry Filling,% Angle, (°) 1473 Slurry
35.50 17.00 76.00 26.00 14.00 65.00 43.18 11214 Net Total
rpm 9.77 7.00 % Losses
% Utilization hr/month 12058 Gross Total
92.34 664.9 8,017 MWh/month
% Solids in the Mill 74.00
Ore Density, ton/m3 2.80 ton/m3
Slurry Density, ton/m3 1.907 ton/m3 Charge Mill Charge Weight, tons Apparent
Ore Feedrate, ton/hr 1253.9 ton/hr Volume, Ball O´size Interstitial Density
ton/day 27,789 ton/day m3 Charge Rocks Slurry ton/m3
Energy, kWh/ton (ore) 9.62 kWh/ton (ore) 124.13 310.80 96.25 61.56 3.775
Balls Density, ton/m3 7.75 ton/m3 Eq. # of Balls 37,386
Ball Size, mm 127.00 mm
Scrap Size, mm 12.7 mm
Continues ...
59
MEDIA CHARGE IMPACT & WEAR DATA FILE
120
Mill Size : 36' x 17'
Speed : 76 % Crit.
J = 28 %
100 Lift Angle, a : 40°
80
Total
gr/kWh
60
Wear
40
% Balls Filling
61
MEDIA CHARGE IMPACT & WEAR DATA FILE
62
CROSS REFERENCES
S AG 1 S AG 2 Vari at i on, %
P r e P ur ge 2 .6 8 2 .8 0 4.3
1.4
P ost P ur ge 2 .5 5 2 .7 0 5.7
Vari at i on, % ( 4.8) ( 3.6)
1.2
DBT Performance :
Forge+ : 5 broken balls per 20,000 cycles
NKOB : 10 broken balls per 20,000 cycles
63
MEDIA CHARGE IMPACT & WEAR DATA FILE
64
CROSS REFERENCES
S AG 1 S AG 2 Vari at i on, %
P r e P ur ge 2 .6 8 2 .8 0 4.3
13.6
P ost P ur ge 2 .5 5 3 .0 1 17.9
Vari at i on, % ( 4.8) 7.6
12.4
DBT Performance :
Forge+ : 5 broken balls per 20,000 cycles
NKOB : 0 broken balls per 20,000 cycles
65
MEDIA CHARGE IMPACT & WEAR DATA FILE
66
BRINGING ALL THE PIECES TOGETHER
Measurable Measurable ? 67
EVALUACIÓN DE CONSUMOS DE
BOLAS EXPERIMENTAL A NIVEL
INDUSTRIAL
DETERMINACIÓN EXPERIMENTAL DEL
DESEMPEÑO
69
ENSAYO DE BOLA MARCADA
70
ENSAYO DE BOLA MARCADA
71
ENSAYO DE BOLA MARCADA
72
ENSAYO DE BOLA MARCADA
73
ENSAYO DE BOLA MARCADA
74
ENSAYO DE BOLA MARCADA
75
ENSAYO DE BOLA MARCADA
76
MARKET BALL WEAR TEST (MBWT)
Before Test
d = dR - kd t
After Test
60
Type A Balls
50
Type B Balls
Ball Size, mm
40
30 - kd
20
10 d = dR - kd t
0
0 10 20 30 40 50
Time, days
78
MEDIA CHARGE MBWT Spreadsheet
TM
Moly-Cop Tools
Practical Guidelines for
MARKED BALL WEAR TEST DESIGN
Mill
Power, kW
Mill Dimensions and Operating Conditions 831 Balls
Diameter Length Mill Speed Charge Balls Interstitial Lift 0 Rocks
ft ft % Critical Filling,% Filling,% Filling,% Angle, (°) 133 Slurry
12.00 15.50 72.00 40.00 40.00 100.00 36.00 965 Net Total
rpm 15.92 10.00 % Losses
1,072 Gross Total
% Solids in the Mill 72.00 Charge Mill Charge Weight, tons Apparent
Ore Density, ton/m3 2.80 Volume, Ball O´size Interstitial Density
Slurry Density, ton/m3 1.86 m3 Charge Rocks Slurry ton/m3
Balls Density, ton/m3 7.75 19.89 92.51 0.00 14.82 5.395
Recovery Available
Rate, Recovery
SAMPLE SIZE, NTOT (Minimum Number of Marked Balls per Group) m-hours/m2 Hours
0.25 8.0
Option 1. Ball Picking over Exposed Mill Charge Surface
Recovery Recovery Exposed Exposed Marked Balls Sample Required
Target, Area, Marked Balls, Ball Layers, Concentration, Size, Labor
# Balls m2 # Balls/m2 # # Balls/m3 NTOT man-hours inspectors
w/ Grind-out 5 37.17 0.13 1.0 2.07 132 9 2
w/o Grind-out 5 37.17 0.13 1.0 2.07 132 9 2
80
MEDIA CHARGE MBWT Spreadsheet
Test Duration, hrs 700 Sp. Energy, kWh/ton (net) 7.26 7.26
Ore Processed, ktons 375 Ball Consumption, gr/ton 621.5 682.5
Energy Cons., MWh (net) 2719 , gr/kWh (net) 85.6 94.0
Balls Charged, tons 233 , kg/hr 332.5 365.1 %
Make-up Ball Size, mm 65 WR Constant, mm/hr 0.0182 0.0200 Better
Scrap Size, mm 12 mm/(KWH/ton) 1.612 1.770 (9.81)
81
CARACTERIZACION CINÉTICA DEL DESGASTE
INCIDENCIA DE LA FRACTURA POR IMPACTO
82
LINES LIFTING CAPACITY
d2
d1
83
ENSAYO DROP BALL TEST (DBT)
84
IMPACTO DE BOLAS MOLIENDA SAG
85
ENSAYO DROP BALL TEST (DBT)
Contador
Elevador de
Tubo“J” Capachos
86
INDICADORES DE CALIDAD DE
MEDIOS DE MOLIENDA
EL PERIODO DE ‘PURGA’
0
0 W 1 W 2 W 3 W 4 W
Consumo Acumulado 88
INDICADORES DE LA CALIDAD INTRÍNSECA
DE LAS BOLAS
89
Rendimientos a Escala Industrial
CALIDAD INTRINSECA DE LAS BOLAS
TM
Moly-Cop Tools (Version 2.0)
DETERMINATION OF WEAR RATE CONSTANTS
Special Case : BALL MILLS
Power, kW
Mill Dimensions and Operating Conditions 409 Balls
Diameter Length Mill Speed Charge Balls Interstitial Lift 0 Overfilling
ft ft % Critical Filling,% Filling,% Slurry Filling,% Angle, (°) 66 Slurry
10.00 11.50 74.30 37.00 37.00 100.00 37.58 475 Net Total
rpm 18.00 15.00 % Losses
% Utilization hr/month 559 Gross Total
% Solids in the Mill 73.00 86.45 622 348 MWh/month
Ore Density, ton/m3 2.80
Slurry Density, ton/m3 1.88 Charge Mill Charge Weight, tons Apparent
Balls Density, ton/m3 7.75 Volume, Ball Slurry Density
m3 Charge Interstitial above Balls ton/m3
Ore Feedrate, ton/hr 115.1 9.48 44.09 7.15 0.00 5.404
ton/day 2,388
Energy, kWh/ton (ore) 4.86
Ball Recharge Rate
Make-up Ball Size, mm 52.0 gr/ton gr/kWh (gross) gr/kWh (balls) Kg/hr tons/month
Scrap Size, mm 12.0 481.8 99.20 135.62 55.5 34.5
91
LA CORRELACION DE BENAVENTE PARA
kdE, mm/(kWh/ton)
3
k d E (ajustada)
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
k d E (experimental)
92
kde vs el WiO... existe una relación?
3.0
2.5
2.0
kdE
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
5 10 15 20 25 30
Wio
ton/mes
gr/kWh
60
160
50
140
40 120
30 100
20 80
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
Ai
94
MEDICIONES DE INDICE DE ABRASIÓN
MINERIA PERUANA
Moly-Cop Tools
TM
ABRASION_INDEX : Database
Customer Date Ore Type Ai Bond F80 Slurry pH gr/mt gr/Kwh
Antamina Jul-10 Cu, Mo 0.1383 2800 10.3 357.0 64.2
Antamina Jun-10 Cu, Zn 0.1531 2800 10.3 398.0
Ares Jun-10 Au, Ag 0.2618 710 11.5 1109.0 78.2
Brocal Ago-10 Pb, Zn 0.1369 2000 8.5 288.1 96.5
Brocal Ago-10 Cu 0.3942 2000 8.5 288.1 96.5
Cerro Lindo Jun-10 Py, Cu, Pb, Zn 0.1699 10500 10.5 717.5 92.9
Cerro Lindo Jun-10 Py, Cu, Pb, Zn 0.3656 10500 10.5 717.5 92.9
Cerro Verde Jun-10 Cu, Mo 0.1879 3000 11.0 693.4 67.8
Cuajone May-10 Cu, Mo 0.1384 9500 11.6 622.1 53.2
Cuajone May-10 Cu, Mo 0.3888 9500 11.6 622.1 53.2
Goldfields Abr-10 Cu, Au 0.3519 2500 9.0 690.0 68.0
Horizonte 29/09/2010 Au 0.2786 4900 8.0 425.0
Minsur Jun-10 Sn 0.3573 1400 7.3 147.5 82.5
orcopampa Ago-10 Au, Ag 0.2167 3000 10.5 1076.3 87.4
orcopampa Ago-10 Au, Ag 0.3980 3000 10.5 1076.3 87.4
Pallancata 27/08/2010 Au, Ag 0.6374 7100 7.5 437.0 93.3
Quechua Ago-10 Cu, Au, Mo 0.4127 4000 10.5 639.9 47.8
Toquepala 14/08/2010 Cu, Mo 0.2420 12700 11.6 725.9 54.7
Toquepala 14/08/2010 Cu, Mo 0.2478 12700 11.6 725.9 54.7
Yanacocha Sep-10 Au, Ag 0.2842 30000 10.0 2250.0 137.5
Yanacocha May-10 Au, Ag 0.6919 80000 10.0 3783.0 137.5
Yauliyacu 24/09/2010 Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag 0.4550 1300 8.0 355.5 78.2
Yauliyacu Ago-10 Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag 0.5649 1300 8.0 355.5 78.2
95
EL EFECTO DEL TAMAÑO DE ALIMENTACION
, pH=11
Consumo Bolas f (F 80))
Ai=0.25, J=0.38 170
61
65 180
143
60 160
53
140
ton/mes
55
gr/kWh
120
50
100
45 80
40 60
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000
F80 (um)
96
EL EFECTO DEL pH DE LA PULPA
80 210
70
67 190
ton/mes
180
gr/kWh
60
58 170
50 158
150
40
30 130
[H+] [10-7] [10-8] [10-9] [10-10] [10-11] [10-12]
20 110
7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0
pH
97
PRÁCTICA OPERACIONAL:
CRITERIOS DE RECARGA DE BOLAS
98
CRITERIOS DE RECARGA DE BOLAS
Fred C. Bond
Mining Engineering
May, 1958.
99
MEDIA CHARGE_LINEAR WEAR_BALL MILLS ...
TM
Moly-Cop Tools
DETERMINATION OF WEAR RATE CONSTANTS
Special Case : BALL MILLS
Power, kW
Mill Dimensions and Operating Conditions 3,348 Balls
Diameter Length Mill Speed Charge Balls Interstitial Lift 0 Overfilling
ft ft % Critical Filling,% Filling,% Slurry Filling,% Angle, (°) 536 Slurry
18.50 22.00 72.00 38.00 38.00 100.00 35.00 3,885 Net Total
rpm 12.82 10.00 % Losses
% Utilization hr/month 4,316 Gross Total
% Solids in the Mill 72.00 95.00 684 2,952 MWh/month
Ore Density, ton/m3 2.80
Slurry Density, ton/m3 1.86 Charge Mill Charge Weight, tons Apparent
Balls Density, ton/m3 7.75 Volume, Ball Slurry Density
m3 Charge Interstitial above Balls ton/m3
Ore Feedrate, ton/hr 535.3 63.76 296.48 47.48 0.00 5.395
ton/day 12,205
Energy, kWh/ton (ore) 8.06
Ball Recharge Rate
Make-up Ball Size, mm 65.0 gr/ton gr/kWh (gross) gr/kWh (balls) Kg/hr tons/month
Scrap Size, mm 12.0 621.2 77.04 99.31 206.3 227
Power, kW
Mill Dimensions and Operating Conditions 3,286 Balls
Diameter Length Mill Speed Charge Balls Interstitial Lift 0 Overfilling
ft ft % Critical Filling,% Filling,% Slurry Filling,% Angle, (°) 526 Slurry
18.50 22.00 72.00 36.00 36.00 100.00 35.00 3,812 Net Total
rpm 12.82 10.00 % Losses
% Utilization hr/month 4,235 Gross Total
% Solids in the Mill 72.00 95.00 684 2,897 MWh/month
Ore Density, ton/m3 2.80
Slurry Density, ton/m3 1.86 Charge Mill Charge Weight, tons Apparent
Balls Density, ton/m3 7.75 Volume, Ball Slurry Density
m3 Charge Interstitial above Balls ton/m3
Ore Feedrate, ton/hr 549.0 60.40 280.87 44.98 0.00 5.395
ton/day 12,517
Energy, kWh/ton (ore) 7.71
Ball Recharge Rate
Make-up Ball Size, mm 68.0 gr/ton gr/kWh (gross) gr/kWh (balls) Kg/hr tons/month
Scrap Size, mm 12.0 621.2 80.53 103.81 193.5 233
Power, kW
Mill Dimensions and Operating Conditions 3,348 Balls
Diameter Length Mill Speed Charge Balls Interstitial Lift 0 Overfilling
ft ft % Critical Filling,% Filling,% Slurry Filling,% Angle, (°) 536 Slurry
18.50 22.00 72.00 38.00 38.00 100.00 35.00 3,885 Net Total
rpm 12.82 10.00 % Losses
% Utilization hr/month 4,316 Gross Total
% Solids in the Mill 72.00 95.00 684 2,952 MWh/month
Ore Density, ton/m3 2.80
Slurry Density, ton/m3 1.86 Charge Mill Charge Weight, tons Apparent
Balls Density, ton/m3 7.75 Volume, Ball Slurry Density
m3 Charge Interstitial above Balls ton/m3
Ore Feedrate, ton/hr 535.3 63.76 296.48 47.48 0.00 5.395
ton/day 12,205
Energy, kWh/ton (ore) 8.06
Ball Recharge Rate
Make-up Ball Size, mm 65.0 gr/ton gr/kWh (gross) gr/kWh (balls) Kg/hr tons/month
Scrap Size, mm 12.0 621.2 77.04 99.31 332.5 227
Power, kW
Mill Dimensions and Operating Conditions 3,286 Balls
Diameter Length Mill Speed Charge Balls Interstitial Lift 0 Overfilling
ft ft % Critical Filling,% Filling,% Slurry Filling,% Angle, (°) 526 Slurry
18.50 22.00 72.00 36.00 36.00 100.00 35.00 3,812 Net Total
rpm 12.82 10.00 % Losses
% Utilization hr/month 4,235 Gross Total
% Solids in the Mill 72.00 95.00 684 2,897 MWh/month
Ore Density, ton/m3 2.80
Slurry Density, ton/m3 1.86 Charge Mill Charge Weight, tons Apparent
Balls Density, ton/m3 7.75 Volume, Ball Slurry Density
m3 Charge Interstitial above Balls ton/m3
Ore Feedrate, ton/hr 549.0 60.40 280.87 44.98 0.00 5.395
ton/day 12,517
Energy, kWh/ton (ore) 7.71
Ball Recharge Rate
Make-up Ball Size, mm 68.0 gr/ton gr/kWh (gross) gr/kWh (balls) Kg/hr tons/month
Scrap Size, mm 12.0 621.2 80.53 103.81 341.1 233
Consumo
gr/ton
kg/hr
gr/kWh
Calidad
kd
E
kd
B
kd
Fair Mining Co. (FMC) is a large, privately owned venture, located in the northern
Chile area, processing 30,000 tons/day of copper ores, since 1997.
Over the last 12 months, the company has been sourcing its grinding media needs
from just 2 suppliers (NKOB and Meatballs) under independent 1-year contracts.
Therefore, FMC is now urgently calling for bids for the supply of their grinding
media needs for the next 12 month period, beginning July, 1st, 2004.
106
FAIR MINING COMPANY
Water
Feed Ore
2x
20’ x 26’
36’ x 17’ 36% Balls
26% Load 3” Recharge
14% Balls
5” Recharge
107
FAIR MINING COMPANY:
OPERATIONAL RECORDS
Unit : SAG 1 Make-up Balls : 5.0"
Mill Diam. 36 ft % Balls (Nominal) 14
Mill Lenght 17 ft % Charge (Nominal) 26
% Critical 76 % % Solids (Nominal) 74
Ore Density 2.8 ton/m3
Jul '02 1,017,541 721.0 1,411 8,533 11,836 499.21 491 692 58.5 Forge +
Aug 915,593 644.0 1,422 7,639 11,862 375.07 410 582 49.1 Forge +
Sep 908,071 715.0 1,270 8,576 11,994 480.04 529 671 56.0 Forge +
Oct 718,227 643.0 1,117 7,506 11,674 425.99 593 663 56.8 Forge +
Nov 703,180 627.0 1,121 6,960 11,100 358.08 509 571 51.5 Forge +
Dec 852,259 695.0 1,226 7,712 11,096 444.01 521 639 57.6 Forge +
Jan '03 995,836 718.0 1,387 7,872 10,964 513.25 515 715 65.2 Forge +
Feb 1,014,800 691.0 1,469 7,814 11,308 464.15 457 672 59.4 Forge +
Mar 864,302 639.0 1,353 7,606 11,903 400.83 464 627 52.7 Forge +
Apr 935,336 699.0 1,338 8,231 11,775 400.84 429 573 48.7 Forge +
May 867,843 661.0 1,313 8,071 12,210 436.64 503 661 54.1 Forge +
Jun 747,636 631.0 1,185 7,103 11,256 396.00 530 628 55.8 Forge +
Jul 621,100 655.3 948 7,770 11,856 412.91 665 630 53.1 NKOB
Aug 853,282 732.6 1,165 8,321 11,359 459.71 539 628 55.2 NKOB
Sep 670,426 682.7 982 7,642 11,195 478.10 713 700 62.6 NKOB
Oct 882,814 654.8 1,348 7,830 11,957 414.32 469 633 52.9 NKOB
Nov 744,978 663.2 1,123 6,980 10,525 432.64 581 652 62.0 NKOB
Dec 914,992 697.3 1,312 7,853 11,262 535.14 585 767 68.1 NKOB
Jan '04 779,388 635.8 1,226 7,798 12,266 454.55 583 715 58.3 NKOB
Feb 799,800 685.1 1,167 7,309 10,669 464.73 581 678 63.6 NKOB
Mar 872,159 712.7 1,224 7,324 10,276 384.35 441 539 52.5 NKOB
Apr 757,225 668.3 1,133 7,057 10,559 460.00 607 688 65.2 NKOB
May 883,842 686.1 1,288 7,844 11,434 495.93 561 723 63.2 NKOB
Jun 778,719 640.9 1,215 7,599 11,856 508.84 653 794 67.0 NKOB
108
FAIR MINING COMPANY:
OPERATIONAL RECORDS
Unit : SAG 1 Make-up Balls : 5.0"
Mill Diam. 36 ft % Balls (Nominal) 14
Mill Lenght 17 ft % Charge (Nominal) 26
% Critical 76 % % Solids (Nominal) 74
Ore Density 2.8 ton/m3
Jul '02 1,017,541 721.0 1,411 8,533 11,836 499.21 491 692 58.5 Forge +
Aug 915,593 644.0 1,422 7,639 11,862 375.07 410 582 49.1 Forge +
Sep 908,071 715.0 1,270 8,576 11,994 480.04 529 671 56.0 Forge +
Oct 718,227 643.0 1,117 7,506 11,674 425.99 593 663 56.8 Forge +
Nov 703,180 627.0 1,121 6,960 11,100 358.08 509 571 51.5 Forge +
Dec 852,259 695.0 1,226 7,712 11,096 444.01 521 639 57.6 Forge +
Jan '03 995,836 718.0 1,387 7,872 10,964 513.25 515 715 65.2 Forge +
Feb 1,014,800 691.0 1,469 7,814 11,308 464.15 457 672 59.4 Forge +
Mar 864,302 639.0 1,353 7,606 11,903 400.83 464 627 52.7 Forge +
Apr 935,336 699.0 1,338 8,231 11,775 400.84 429 573 48.7 Forge +
May 867,843 661.0 1,313 8,071 12,210 436.64 503 661 54.1 Forge +
Jun 747,636 631.0 1,185 7,103 11,256 396.00 530 628 55.8 Forge +
Jul 621,100 655.3 948 7,770 11,856 412.91 665 630 53.1 NKOB
Aug 853,282 732.6 1,165 8,321 11,359 459.71 539 628 55.2 NKOB
Sep 670,426 682.7 982 7,642 11,195 478.10 713 700 62.6 NKOB
Oct 882,814 654.8 1,348 7,830 11,957 414.32 469 633 52.9 NKOB
Nov 744,978 663.2 1,123 6,980 10,525 432.64 581 652 62.0 NKOB
Dec 914,992 697.3 1,312 7,853 11,262 535.14 585 767 68.1 NKOB
Jan '04 779,388 635.8 1,226 7,798 12,266 454.55 583 715 58.3 NKOB
Feb 799,800 685.1 1,167 7,309 10,669 464.73 581 678 63.6 NKOB
Mar 872,159 712.7 1,224 7,324 10,276 384.35 441 539 52.5 NKOB
Apr 757,225 668.3 1,133 7,057 10,559 460.00 607 688 65.2 NKOB
May 883,842 686.1 1,288 7,844 11,434 495.93 561 723 63.2 NKOB
Jun 778,719 640.9 1,215 7,599 11,856 508.84 653 794 67.0 NKOB
109
FAIR MINING COMPANY:
OPERATIONAL RECORDS
Unit : Ball Mill 11 Make-up Balls : 3.0"
Mill Diam. 20 ft % Balls (Nominal) 36
Mill Lenght 26 ft % Charge (Nominal) 36
% Critical 74 % % Solids (Nominal) 72
Ore Density 2.8 ton/m3
Jul '02 508,771 721.0 706 3,638 5,046 212.46 418 295 58.4 Forge +
Aug 457,797 644.0 711 3,125 4,852 224.75 491 349 71.9 Forge +
Sep 454,036 715.0 635 3,619 5,062 239.76 528 335 66.2 Forge +
Oct 359,114 643.0 558 3,581 5,569 209.48 583 326 58.5 Forge +
Nov 351,590 627.0 561 3,773 6,017 235.42 670 375 62.4 Forge +
Dec 426,130 695.0 613 3,485 5,014 226.51 532 326 65.0 Forge +
Jan '03 497,918 718.0 693 3,802 5,295 240.26 483 335 63.2 Forge +
Feb 507,400 691.0 734 3,283 4,751 202.90 400 294 61.8 Forge +
Mar 432,151 639.0 676 3,581 5,604 226.11 523 354 63.1 Forge +
Apr 467,668 699.0 669 3,821 5,466 247.59 529 354 64.8 Forge +
May 433,922 661.0 656 3,744 5,664 260.92 601 395 69.7 Forge +
Jun 373,818 631.0 592 3,581 5,675 247.78 663 393 69.2 Forge +
Jul 310,550 655.3 474 3,342 5,100 219.02 705 334 65.5 NKOB
Aug 426,641 732.6 582 3,229 4,408 218.98 513 299 67.8 NKOB
Sep 335,213 682.7 491 3,203 4,692 210.74 629 309 65.8 NKOB
Oct 441,407 654.8 674 3,278 5,006 232.68 527 355 71.0 NKOB
Nov 372,489 663.2 562 3,761 5,671 260.66 700 393 69.3 NKOB
Dec 457,496 697.3 656 3,464 4,967 231.28 506 332 66.8 NKOB
Jan '04 389,694 635.8 613 3,356 5,279 225.34 578 354 67.1 NKOB
Feb 399,900 685.1 584 3,200 4,672 213.33 533 311 66.7 NKOB
Mar 436,080 712.7 612 3,318 4,655 231.48 531 325 69.8 NKOB
Apr 378,613 668.3 567 3,601 5,388 253.02 668 379 70.3 NKOB
May 441,921 686.1 644 3,643 5,310 279.19 632 407 76.6 NKOB
Jun 389,359 640.9 607 3,257 5,081 269.19 691 420 82.7 NKOB
110
FAIR MINING COMPANY:
OPERATIONAL RECORDS
Jul '02 508,771 721.0 706 3,773 5,233 247.22 486 343 65.5 Forge +
Aug 457,797 644.0 711 3,360 5,217 213.88 467 332 63.7 Forge +
Sep 454,036 715.0 635 3,706 5,183 253.47 558 354 68.4 Forge +
Oct 359,114 643.0 558 3,590 5,584 210.76 587 328 58.7 Forge +
Nov 351,590 627.0 561 3,120 4,976 205.33 584 327 65.8 Forge +
Dec 426,130 695.0 613 3,686 5,304 257.74 605 371 69.9 Forge +
Jan '03 497,918 718.0 693 3,725 5,188 241.97 486 337 65.0 Forge +
Feb 507,400 691.0 734 3,418 4,946 212.92 420 308 62.3 Forge +
Mar 432,151 639.0 676 3,629 5,679 262.34 607 411 72.3 Forge +
Apr 467,668 699.0 669 3,878 5,548 253.74 543 363 65.4 Forge +
May 433,922 661.0 656 3,322 5,025 212.69 490 322 64.0 Forge +
Jun 373,818 631.0 592 3,926 6,223 271.99 728 431 69.3 Forge +
Jul 310,550 655.3 474 3,553 5,422 273.46 881 417 77.0 Meatballs
Aug 426,641 732.6 582 3,368 4,597 195.97 459 268 58.2 Meatballs
Sep 335,213 682.7 491 3,479 5,096 280.34 836 411 80.6 Meatballs
Oct 441,407 654.8 674 3,499 5,344 221.75 502 339 63.4 Meatballs
Nov 372,489 663.2 562 3,009 4,538 233.93 628 353 77.7 Meatballs
Dec 457,496 697.3 656 3,266 4,684 227.61 498 326 69.7 Meatballs
Jan '04 389,694 635.8 613 3,415 5,372 247.54 635 389 72.5 Meatballs
Feb 399,900 685.1 584 3,196 4,665 272.26 681 397 85.2 Meatballs
Mar 436,080 712.7 612 3,339 4,685 203.56 467 286 61.0 Meatballs
Apr 378,613 668.3 567 3,607 5,397 255.62 675 383 70.9 Meatballs
May 441,921 686.1 644 3,209 4,677 239.97 543 350 74.8 Meatballs
Jun 389,359 640.9 607 3,658 5,707 276.11 709 431 75.5 Meatballs
111
FAIR MINING COMPANY:
OPERATIONAL RECORDS
Unit : Ball Mill 21 Make-up Balls : 3.0"
Mill Diam. 20 ft % Balls (Nominal) 34
Mill Lenght 26 ft % Charge (Nominal) 34
% Critical 74 % % Solids (Nominal) 72
Ore Density 2.8 ton/m3
Jul '02 377,614 632.0 597 3,579 5,663 258.55 685 409 72.2 Meatballs
Aug 433,034 715.0 606 3,383 4,732 213.14 492 298 63.0 Meatballs
Sep 422,807 691.0 612 3,737 5,409 259.70 614 376 69.5 Meatballs
Oct 475,562 688.0 691 3,327 4,836 244.89 515 356 73.6 Meatballs
Nov 492,972 710.9 693 3,681 5,179 228.99 465 322 62.2 Meatballs
Dec 350,641 549.0 639 3,560 6,485 265.44 757 484 74.6 Meatballs
Jan '03 438,673 723.2 607 3,299 4,562 266.92 608 369 80.9 Meatballs
Feb 458,283 661.1 693 3,747 5,667 256.42 560 388 68.4 Meatballs
Mar 457,987 678.0 675 3,188 4,701 204.00 445 301 64.0 Meatballs
Apr 488,000 692.2 705 3,448 4,982 246.22 505 356 71.4 Meatballs
May 428,431 640.9 669 3,644 5,686 241.25 563 376 66.2 Meatballs
Jun 536,776 700.4 766 3,672 5,243 261.67 487 374 71.3 Meatballs
Jul 319,141 676.1 472 3,400 5,029 275.05 862 407 80.9 Meatballs
Aug 494,001 723.9 682 3,587 4,955 205.64 416 284 57.3 Meatballs
Sep 342,286 696.9 491 3,478 4,991 288.32 842 414 82.9 Meatballs
Oct 420,070 663.8 633 3,384 5,098 158.16 377 238 46.7 Meatballs
Nov 287,328 680.7 422 3,607 5,299 246.19 857 362 68.3 Meatballs
Dec 448,146 708.9 632 3,905 5,509 218.25 487 308 55.9 Meatballs
Jan '04 393,727 657.5 599 3,246 4,937 323.95 823 493 99.8 Meatballs
Feb 390,652 661.4 591 3,649 5,518 291.00 745 440 79.7 Meatballs
Mar 452,559 678.0 667 3,157 4,656 222.97 493 329 70.6 Meatballs
Apr 412,161 661.3 623 3,284 4,966 269.04 653 407 81.9 Meatballs
May 534,258 666.2 802 3,738 5,611 294.71 552 442 78.8 Meatballs
Jun 349,884 649.9 538 3,533 5,435 214.95 614 331 60.8 Meatballs
112
FAIR MINING COMPANY:
OPERATIONAL RECORDS
Unit : Ball Mill 22 Make-up Balls : 3.0"
Mill Diam. 20 ft % Balls (Nominal) 34
Mill Lenght 26 ft % Charge (Nominal) 34
% Critical 74 % % Solids (Nominal) 72
Ore Density 2.8 ton/m3
Jul '02 377,614 632.0 597 3,920 6,202 225.45 597 357 57.5 Meatballs
Aug 433,034 715.0 606 3,576 5,001 240.14 555 336 67.2 Meatballs
Sep 422,807 691.0 612 3,686 5,335 271.47 642 393 73.6 Meatballs
Oct 475,562 688.0 691 3,472 5,046 214.35 451 312 61.7 Meatballs
Nov 492,972 710.9 693 3,527 4,962 224.01 454 315 63.5 Meatballs
Dec 350,641 549.0 639 3,612 6,579 274.62 783 500 76.0 Meatballs
Jan '03 438,673 723.2 607 3,238 4,478 219.83 501 304 67.9 Meatballs
Feb 458,283 661.1 693 3,649 5,520 224.44 490 339 61.5 Meatballs
Mar 457,987 678.0 675 3,612 5,327 236.97 517 350 65.6 Meatballs
Apr 488,000 692.2 705 3,649 5,272 284.29 583 411 77.9 Meatballs
May 428,431 640.9 669 2,996 4,675 232.65 543 363 77.7 Meatballs
Jun 536,776 700.4 766 2,940 4,198 222.16 414 317 75.6 Meatballs
Jul 319,141 676.1 472 3,875 5,731 280.93 880 415 72.5 Meatballs
Aug 494,001 723.9 682 3,393 4,686 202.43 410 280 59.7 Meatballs
Sep 342,286 696.9 491 3,505 5,029 248.39 726 356 70.9 Meatballs
Oct 420,070 663.8 633 3,500 5,272 265.25 631 400 75.8 Meatballs
Nov 287,328 680.7 422 3,637 5,344 276.68 963 406 76.1 Meatballs
Dec 448,146 708.9 632 3,885 5,480 230.25 514 325 59.3 Meatballs
Jan '04 393,727 657.5 599 3,129 4,759 318.20 808 484 101.7 Meatballs
Feb 390,652 661.4 591 3,459 5,231 218.34 559 330 63.1 Meatballs
Mar 452,559 678.0 667 3,464 5,108 145.38 321 214 42.0 Meatballs
Apr 412,161 661.3 623 3,585 5,421 217.70 528 329 60.7 Meatballs
May 534,258 666.2 802 3,169 4,756 226.53 424 340 71.5 Meatballs
Jun 349,884 649.9 538 2,830 4,354 251.56 719 387 88.9 Meatballs
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