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Sarcasm – the speaker says the opposite of what she believes to be true.
Additional Information
Irony
Although the word irony is often used very broadly in common speech ("He expected to make a
whole load of money, but ironically he lost it all"), it's best to use it precisely in English papers.
Even when used precisely, it can have a number of meanings, but they all share something: there
is a gap between what is said and what is in fact true. But the gap has to be significant: it can't be
merely a factual error, nor even a lie; the irony depends on the audience's recognition of the gap.
In verbal irony (sometimes called rhetorical irony), probably the most straightforward
kind of irony, the speaker says something different from what he or she really believes. In
its crudest form it's called sarcasm, where the speaker intentionally says the opposite of
what he or she believes, and expects the audience to recognize the dissembling: for
example, "Rutgers's Hill Hall is truly a palace, suited only to kings and princes." But
verbal irony needn't be so crude: more subtle kinds of verbal irony, including
understatement and hyperbole, abound.
In dramatic irony, the audience is more aware than the characters in a work (often, but
not necessarily, a drama), and what the characters say takes on a new significance to the
audience. A famous example of tragic dramatic irony is the opening of Sophocles'
Oedipus Rex, when Oedipus, the ruler of Thebes, promises to punish the man whose sins
have brought a plague upon the city. Oedipus does not know, but the audience does, that
he is himself the evil-doer.
Of course, like dramatic irony, situational irony can range from the tragic to the comic. In
comedy, for example, the surprising reversal in circumstances making for situational irony
portends can be for the better. A classic instance is the climactic moment in Molière's Tartuffe,
in which the villain Tartuffe, having conned his benefactor Orgon into putting the title to his
property into Tartuffe's name, brings an Officer to Orgon's house to execute an order of eviction
upon the family -- but ends up (to the surprise not only of everyone present but of the audience
as well) being arrested and dragged off to jail as a crook whom the King, in reviewing the cases
coming before the royal courts, has recognized from his past record of criminal activity.
But some of the most famous and powerful uses of situational irony are associated with tragedy,
where it serves to emphasize how uncertain human prosperity, and how fragile human happiness,
can be.
Sources:
http://andromeda.rutgers.edu/~jlynch/Terms/irony.html
http://www.k-state.edu/english/baker/english287/cc-situational_irony.htm