LESSON 1

The study of Wa and Ga:

Wa is used to indicate a subject while placing the emphasis on the predicate

and Ga is used to emphasize the subject.

Study them very well to enable you to use them with ease.

Examples:

1. Kore wa hon desu.

This is a book.

2. Korera wa hon desu.

These are books.

NOTE: The word “hon” in the above two sentences can mean a book and books as
well.

Imasu and Arimasu:

Imasu is used for persons and living things or animals and arimasu is used for
inanimate things.

Examples:

1. Otoko ga imasu.

There is a man.

2. Hon ga arimasu.

There is a book.

3. Jikan ga arimasu.

There is time.
Word for Study:

1. wa – particle 6. hon - book

2. ga – particle 7. san – Miss, Mr., Mrs., Messrs.

3. desu – be - verb 8. otoko - man

4. arimasu - there is 9. kore - this

5. imasu - there is 10. sore – that

Exercises:

1. Kore wa otoko desu.

This is a man.

2. Kochira Maria san desu.

This is Maria.

3. Maria san wa koko ni imasu.

Maria is here.

4. Sore wa hon desu.

That is a book.

5. Sore wa isu desu.

This is a chair.

6. Kore wa hana desu.

This is a flower.

7. Kore wa imu desu.

This is a dog.

8. Are wa gakkoo desu.

That is the school.

9. Sore wa otoku desu.

That is a man.
10. Kore wa empitsu desu.

This is a pencil.

More Words for Study:

1. otoko – man 6. gakkoo - school

2. onna – woman 7. empitsu – pencil

3. hon – book 8. hana - flower

4. isu - chair 9. otoosan - father

5. inu - dog 10. okkasan – mother

Study of Common Expressions:

1. Ohayoo - Good Morning

2. Konban wa - Good Evening

3. Konnichi wa - Good Afternoon

4. Maiban - Every night or nightly

5. Mainichi - Every day or Daily

6. Nanji desu ka - What time is it?

7. Mada ikanai de kudasai - Please don’t go yet.

8. Kirai desu ka Don’t you like it?

9. Tokidoki Sometimes

10. Ikura desu ka How much is it?

11. Sumimasen Please excuse me or Pardon me.

12. Nannimo naranai Good for nothing

13. Wakarimasu ka Do you understand?

14. Arigatoo Thank you

LESSON II

Study of Sentence:
 The order of the sentence in Niponggo shall be:

1. First, the subject.

2. Second, the phrase and modifier.

3. Third, the compliment.

4. Fourth, the verb.

Examples:

1. Kore wa hon desu.

1 2 3 4
This is a book.

2. Kore wa hana desu.

This is a flower.

3. Sore wa inu desu.

That is a dog.

4. Sono Shoonen wa Jose san desu.

The boy is Jose

5. Kore wa kodomo desu.

1 2 3
This is a child.

Note: study thoroughly the arrangement or order of the sentence to enable you to
construct Niponggo sentences with ease.

Words for study:

1. kore – this 6. hata – flag

2. sore – that 7. neko – cat

3. hana – flower 8. uchi - house

4. empitsu - pencil 9. kodomo - child

5. hako - box 10. to – door

Exercises:

1. Kore wa hon desu.

This is a book.

2. Kore wa hana desu.

This is a flower.

3. Sore wa empitsu desu.

That is a pencil.

4. Sore wa isu desu.

That is a chair.

5. Kore wa kodomo desu.

This is a child.

6. Are wa gakko desu.

This is the school.

7. Kore wa hako desu.

This is a box.

8. Sore wa kago desu.

That is a basket.

9. Sore wa uchi desu.

That is a house.

Study of Parts of the Body:

Karada – body koshi - hips

Atama – head ude – arms

Kao – face ke - hair

Hana – nose te - hands

Kuchi – mouth hiza - knees

Hoho - cheeks kubi - neck

Hitai – forehead tekubi - wrist

Me – eyes ashi - legs

Ago – chin kata - shoulders

Mimi – ears kuchibiru - lips

Hifu – skin senaka - back

Hige – beard wakinoshita - armpit

Mayuge – eyebrow shita - tongue

Mune – chest kakato - heels

Hara – stomach yubi - fingers

Ha – tooth chi – blood

Hone - bone iki - breath

Tsume – fingernails noo - brain

Shinzoo - heart hai - lung

Chichi – heart ashi - foot

LESSON III

The Study of the Five (5) W’s:

Who, what, where, when, and why or the 5 W’s in the English language are
used in asking questions. The same principles and uses are applied in asking
questions in Niponggo and the ka is used in place of a question mark.

Examples:

1. Kore wa hon desu ka.

Is this a book?

2. Kore wa isu desu ka.

Is this a chair?

3. Kore wa hana desu ka.

 Is this a flower?

4. Sore wa neko desu ka.

Is that a cat?

5. Sore wa Jose san desu ka.

Is that Jose?

6. Sore wa kago desu ka.

Is that a basket?

7. Kore wa empitsu desu ka.

Is this a pencil?

8. Kore wa uchi desu ka.

Is this a house?

9. Sore wa kodomo desu ka.

Is that a child?

10. Sore wa shoonen desu ka.

Is that a boy?

The Five (5) W’s as Translated to English:

1. Dare – who
2. Nani (nan) - what
3. Doko – where
4. Itsu – when
5. Doshite/naze – why

Examples in Sentences:

1. Dare desu ka or Donata desu ka.

Who are you?
2. Dare desu ka.
Who is it?
3. Nan desu ka.
What is it?
4. Nani ga arimasuka.
What is there or what have you?
 5. Doko desu ka.
Where is it?
6. Kare/Kanojo wa doko ni imasu ka.

Where is he or she?

7. Dooshite kimasu ka.

Why do you come?
8. Itsu kimasu ka/itsu ikimasu ka.
When do you come or when do you go?
9. Dooshite kimasu ka.
Why do you go or why do you come?
10. Dooshite ikimasu ka
Why are you going?

Words for Study:

1. kago – basket 6. mizu – water

2. heya – room 7. sensei –teacher

3. kami – paper 8. mado - window

4. ki - paper 9. mikan - orange

5. kutsu - shoes 10. ringo – apple

Exercises:

1. Kore wa kago desu ka.

Is this a basket?
2. Kore wa heya desu ka.
Is this a room?
3. Kami wa doko ni arimasu ka.
Where is the paper?
4. Ano hito wa Jose san desu ka.
Is he Jose?
5. Sore wa ki desu ka.
Is that a tree?
6. Kutsu wa doko ni arimasu ka.
 Where are the shoes?
7. Okane ga arimasu ka.
Do you have money?
8. Anata wa ikimasu ka.
Do you go or Are you going?
9. Kore wa kami desu.
This is a paper.
10. Kore wa kami desu ka.
Is this paper?
11. Kagami wa atarash- I desu.
The mirror is new.
12. Otoosan wa gakkoo ni imasu.
Father is in the school.
13. Inu wa niwa ni imasu.
The dog is in the yard.
14. Sore wa hana desu ka.
Is that flower?
15. Anata wa doko ni ikimasu ka.
Where are you going?
16. Ano hito wa dare desu ka.
Who is that man?
17. Seito wa gakko de asonde imasu.
The pupils are playing
18. Hon doko ni arimasu ka.
Where arethe books?

LESSON IV

Study of Affirmative and Negative Forms of Verbs:

 Affirmative

1. imasu – there is, for persons

2. arimasu – there is for things
3. desu – be - verb
4. arimasu – there is
5. imasu – there is/be –verb
6. desu - be-verb

Negative

For negative, use masen.

1. imasen – there is none

2. arimasen – there is none
3. dewa arimasen – I not
4. nai – there is none
5. mai - there is none
6. ja nai – is not

Note: Is not a peculiar way that Niponggo verbs and adjective have their affirmative
and negative forms.

Adjective Affirmtive: Adjective Negative:

1. chiisai chiisaku nai

Small not small
2. Wakai wakaku nai
Young not young
3. Nagai nagaku nai
Long not long
4. Tool tooku nai
Far not far
5. Atsui atsu ku nai
Hot not hot
6. Warui waruku nai
 Bad not bad
7. Karai karaku nai
Spicy spicy
8. Takai takaku nai
High not high
9. Atarashi – i atarashiku nai
New not new
10. Hayai hayaku nai
Fast not fast

Word for Study:

1. chiisai – small 4. Tool - far

2. wakai- young 5. Atsui - hot

3. nagai - long 6. Hayai - fast

7. Atarashi - I – new 9. Karai – salty

8. Takai – high 10. Warui – bad

Exercises:

Affirmative:

1. Sore wa hon desu.

That is a book.
2. Jose san wa uchi ni imasu.
Jose is in the house.
3. Kore wa hana desu.
This is a flower.
4. Sore wa nagai empitsu desu.
That is a long pencil.
5. Kodomo wa heya ni imasu.
The child is in the room.
6. Kore wa otoko desu.
This is a man.

Negative:

1. Sore wa hon dewa arimasen.

That is not a book.
2. Jose san wa uchi ni imasen.
Jose is not in the house.
3. Kore wa hana dea arimasen.
This is not a flower
4. Kono empitsu wa nagaku nai.
The pencil is not long.
5. Kodomo wa heya ni imasen.
The child is not in the room.

LESSON V

Study of Personal Pronouns:

Personal pronouns have their plural forms. This is an exception to the
rule in Niponggo grammar.

Examples:

Singular form:

1. Watakushi or watashi –I

2. Anata – you

3. Kare, - He

4. Kanojo, - she

5. Kore, sore - it

Plural form:
1. Watakushi tachi or watashitachi – we

2. Anata tachi or Anata gata – you

3. Karera, konojora, sorera or arera - they

Note: Use no to show possession after the personal pronouns.

Examples:

1. watashi no - my, mine, myself

2. anata no - your , yours
3. kare no - his
4. kare ni or o – him, himself
5. kanojo no – her & hers
6. kare no – his
7. wareware no – our & ours
8. anata gata no - your, & yours
9. karera no - their & theirs
10. kare o or ni - hin

It is very important that the student study the personal pronouns well to
enable him to speak Niponggo with ease.
These personal pronouns are frequently used in speaking and writing.

Words for Study:

1. uma – horse 6. kagami - mirror

2. ushi- cow 7. kushi - comb

3. ginkoo - bank 8. ban - night

4. okane – money 9. asa – morning

5. nasu – eggplant 10. boodhi – hat

Exercises:

1. Watakushi wa gakkoo ni imasu.

I am in the school.
2. Sensei wa heya ni imasu.
The teacher is in the room.
3. Watakushi wa gakko ni ikimashita.
I went to school.
4. Okaasan wa heya ni immasu.
Mother is in the room.
5. Sore wa kago desu.
That is a bask.
5. Sore wa kago desu.
That is a basket.
6. Kanojo wa watakushi no ane desu.
She is my sister.
7. Ano hito wa sensei desu.
The man is a teacher.
8. Wareware wa uchi ni imasu.
We are in the house.
9. Kono uchi wa ooki-I desu.
The house is big.
10. Sensei wa gakkoo ni, imasen.
The teacher is not in the school.
Note: To show possession, use no after the personal pronouns.

1. Kanojo wa watakushi no ane desu.

She is my sister.

2. Kore wa nan no ki desu ka.

What kind of tree is this?

3. Uma wa ki no shita ni imasu.

The horse is under the tree.

4. Kore wa ringo desu ka.
Is this an apple?
5. Ano hito wa sensei desu ka.
Is he or she a teacher?
6. Sore wa ginkoo desu.
That is the bank.
7. Anata no uchi wa doko ni arimasu ka.
Where is your house?
8. Wareware wa uchi ni imasu.
We are in the house.
9. Okaasan wa ichiban i ikimasu.
Mother is going to market.
10. Anata wa byooki desu ka.
Are you sick?
11. Sensei ni hana o agemashita.
I gave some flowers to the teacher.
12. Jose san to Juan san wa yoi tomodachi desu.
Jose and Juan are good friends.
13. Wareware wa gakkoo ni imasu.
We are in the school.
14. Kore wa anata no booshi desu ka.
Is this your hat?
15. Watakushi wa Pedro desu.
I am Pedro or Mr. Pedro.