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PROJECT DOCUMENTATION
TITLE: WHOLESALE TO RETAIL MANAGEMENT
GUIDED BY
Prof. KUMARESAN P
TEAM MEMBERS:
17MIS0038 - CH.NIKHIL
17MIS0337 - KALIN SHARAN PAUL
17MIS0384 - K.HARISH KUMAR
17MIS0492 - B.VENKATA SIVA KRISHNA
SLOT: C2
SITE
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1. TITLE 1
2. ABSTRACT, KEYWORDS 3
9. REFERENCES 25
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Abstract:
Literature Review:
International trade models typically assume that producers in one country trade
directly with final consumers in another. In the real world, of course, trade can
involve long chains of potentially independent actors who move goods through
wholesale and retail distribution networks. These networks likely affect the
magnitude and nature of trade frictions and hence both the pattern of trade and its
welfare gains. To promote further understanding of how goods move across
borders, this paper examines the extent to which US exports and imports flow
through wholesalers and retailers versus ―producing and consuming‖ firms. We
highlight a number of stylized facts about these intermediaries and show that their
attributes can deviate substantially from the portrait of trading firms
ERPNext is an open source web-based system aimed at small and medium sized
businesses. It assists companies with accounting, human resource management,
sales, purchase, inventory, CRM, administration, project and task management,
manufacturing, and even website. ERPNext is built using Python, Frappe, and
MySQL. ERP systems, which stands for Enterprise-Resource Planning, are
necessary for every modern company and take care of all aspect of a business. The
main issue is that ERPs are complex and expensive due to cost of the system itself,
hardware and consulting fees. In this case web-based ERP solution is less costly to
implement and maintain.
ERPNext is the perfect example of the software that will help company to organize
and manage the work of each department. ERPNext is an open source web-based
system aimed at small and medium sized businesses. It assists companies with
accounting, project and task management, sales, purchase, inventory, CRM,
administration, human resource management, manufacturing, and even website.
This system is the most suitable for businesses in manufacturing, retail, and
distribution spheres. Extensive functionality is integrated into a single platform for
easy management. ERPNext is built using Python and MySQL as the database
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backend. The underlying web app framework is called Frappe and is a separate
platform for development and deployment of rich web applications. ERPNext has a
Model-View-Controller architecture that together with metadata modeling tools
provides flexibility: users are able to adapt the system to unique purposes of their
business without the need for custom programming. Users can use ERPNext as a
Software as a service or host it on their own.
Sales and CRM: reports for all company’s sales, quotations, support
requests, newsletters, management and communication with both existing
and potential customers.
Inventory management and Manufacturing: inventory warehouses, inventory
valuations, managing the stock either batchwise or by Serial Numbers of
items. Production Planning Tool helps to plan production and materials
beforehand.
HR: leave and attendance management, expense claims submission, payroll,
appraisals, etc.
Website and Shopping Cart. Users can generate a fully functional and styled
website with their product catalog and shopping cart
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ERPNext shows that ERP does not need to be complex and heavy to be effective.
This system is simple, powerful, and full of features. It allows departments of
small or medium sized companies to run smoothly and communicate with one
another using resources of one unified solution. Moreover, Frappe helps to extend
ERPNext and implement custom functionality via the API or creation of fully
featured extensions for specific business needs.
Flow Diagram:
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Later, wholesalers made a powerful guild and determined who could enter the
trade. Such a system was portrayed in the movie Guru, where the protagonist finds
it difficult to enter the trade initially. Trade was conducted in markets or mandis, or
transacted at fairs.
Mercantilism followed the Commercial Era (1500-1800 AD). The importance of
wholesalers grew, as it suited the then existing system of trade. The wholesaler
organized and controlled the selling functions. Wholesaling institutions evolved,
including brokers, who made bargains between merchants and traders.
Financing evolved too, as trade was financed through bills of exchange. Auctions
were held when the goods arrived and became an important method of wholesale
trade.
The Industrial Revolution ushered in mass production of goods, and with it,
changes in the wholesaling business. Modern wholesale trade emerged as factories
were setup, along with other changes such as the faster modes of transport,
improvements in communication technology, and development of organized
banking. Wholesalers linked manufacturers to retailers and then on to customers.
The marketing concept encouraged the fulfillment of consumer needs.
Wholesaling is the back end of marketing, but it is also its backbone—since
without wholesaling, factories would find it difficult to move goods. However,
even as the trade evolved into building of supply chains, the basic functions of
wholesale remained the same.
5) Accounting:
Payroll accounting involves a company's recording of its employees'
compensation including: gross wages, salaries, bonuses, commissions, and
so on that have been earned by its employees. With holding of payroll taxes
such as federal income taxes, Social Security taxes, Medicare taxes,
Implementation –Screenshots:-
Company:
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Customer Details:
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Company Organizer:
Customer Groups:
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Stock Entries:
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Stock Balance:
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Item Details:
Employee HR
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Employee Attendance:
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Payment :
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Sales leads:
New lead:
Sales Funnel:
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Over the years, market analysis and industry research have thoroughly studied the
primary root causes of most ERP failures. It is the proactive addressing of these
causes which undoubtedly will help ensure an ERP project ends as a success
storyrather than a failure, which can cost a company untold sums of money, wasted
time and resources and damage the bottom line. Below are the Top 10 Critical
Success Factors which directly address those root causes of ERP failures and offer
a framework to a successful implementation. These are not revolutionary or even
new ideas, but ones that have been used by myself and my consulting colleagues
here for hundreds of successful ERP implementations in a variety of industries.
These Success Factors are tried and tested and offer real world consulting insight
into the most challenging of IT projects: the ERP implementation.
Outlined below are the Success Factors which are critical to the successful
deployment of an ERP solution:
1. Strong Executive Sponsorship
2. Focused Project and Scope Management
3. Minimize / Eliminate Customizations
4. Approved Solution Design
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Business should clearly define what is their definition of success. Having a clear
destination means defining the important business processes, financial benefits,
and deadlines up front and making certain stakeholders agree how to address them.
Without a clear destination, the endpoint becomes a moving target and hence
harder to reach.
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5. Unrealistic Expectation
If ERP is successfully implemented it can make the business more efficient but
realistic expectation should be set up, ERP should not be expected to perform
miracles. Vendors should make management aware of what kinds of benefit should
they expect after successful ERP implementation.
REFERENCES:
- Lau, K. H. (2012). Demand management in downstream wholesale and retail
distribution: a case study. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal.
- Bernard, A. B., Jensen, J. B., Redding, S. J., & Schott, P. K. (2010).
Wholesalers and retailers in US trade. American Economic Review, 100(2),
408-13.
- Hansen, T. H., & Skytte, H. (1998). Retailer buying behaviour: a review. The
International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 8(3), 277-
301.
- Paterson, C., Kiesmüller, G., Teunter, R., & Glazebrook, K. (2011). Inventory
models with lateral transshipments: A review. European Journal of Operational
Research, 210(2), 125-136.
- Li, C. G., Dong, H. M., Chen, S., & Yang, Y. (2014). Working capital
management, corporate performance, and strategic choices of the wholesale and
retail industry in China. The Scientific World Journal, 2014.
- Boute, R., Lambrecht, M., Lambrechts, O., & Sterckx, P. (2007). An analysis of
inventory turnover in the Belgian manufacturing industry, wholesale and retail
and the financial impact on inventory reduction. Wholesale and Retail and the
Financial Impact on Inventory Reduction.
- Johnston, A., Porter, D., Cobbold, T., & Dolamore, R. (2000). Productivity in
Australia's wholesale and retail trade.
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