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Volume 6, Issue 11, Nov 2015, pp. 32-38, Article ID: IJCIET_06_11_004
Available online at
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ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316
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ABSTRACT
The food safety and environmental pollution is interlinked and considered
to be important issues in today’s world. Historically, the soil and water
pollution has impacted food safety and ultimately an important threat for
health. The situation is very challenging in most of the countries where the
pollution and risks of increasing food safety have affected large set of
population. The scarcity of water, over application of pesticides, chemical
application and other pollutants are most important factors which impacts
food safety in a drastic manner. The study will cater to the waste and soil
pollution and their impacts of human health. In present scenario, there is a
shortage of water resources which led to the irrigation of waste for fulfillment
of water requirements in the agricultural production. This kind of usage
causes serous health impacts due to water and soil pollution. Therefore, it is
important to address these issues and threatening safety to reduce potential
risks to health. Also, the negative effects on food safety from soil and water
pollution have increased the risk of several diseases in people. The soil and
waste pollution is a major area of concern and comprehensive prevention
strategies are required to resolve the concerns. The holistic prevention
strategies are also detailed in last section of study for understanding the ways
to reduce soil and water pollution and achieve better food safety.
Cite this Article: Bader A. Hakami. Impacts of Soil and Water Pollution on
Food Safety and Health Risks. International Journal of Civil Engineering and
Technology, 6(11), 2015, pp. 32-38.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=6&IType=11
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Water and soil pollution are two major concerns within the environmental pollution.
The pollution occurs when the specific polluted material is added to the water body or
land area which has adverse effects. Once the pollution exists in particular area of
land or water body, it is not possible to return the water and soil to its previous state
and therefore, prevention is very important from pollution. The study have
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Impacts of Soil and Water Pollution on Food Safety and Health Risks
demonstrated basics of soil pollution and water pollution, causes of pollution, diseases
and overall impact of pollution of health and corrective actions to prevent pollution
and achieve food safety.
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BADER A. HAKAMI
consumers of soils are also benefitted as it provides habitat to many consumers. The
land is abused with various acts, irresponsible behavior and pollution, soil harms and
many careless acts and it is equivalently important for survival of organisms
(Oyewole, 2012). Mainly, the soil pollution occurs from the dumping of toxic water
into the soil and deforestation. The litter is another problem in current scenario
because there are various man made materials such as glass, plastic, tin which are
non-biodegradable. Litter results in soil pollution when they are not disposed in
proper manner. These items should be placed in disposal containers and need to be
dumped in landfills covered with soil. The litter attracts mosquitoes, flies and rats
which are unhygienic and increase risks to soil. Also, the disposal of toxic chemical
need to be done in sealed containers which can be buried in cemented landfills (Kahn,
2007). These landfills need to be managed properly to avoid the leakage of containers.
The leakage of toxic chemicals will result in contamination of rivers and streams and
absorbed by the soil causing toxic poisoning and major diseases. The illegal dumping
of toxic chemical in seal eventually leak or corrode which impacts the health risks and
overall environment (Reagan, 2009). The local government agencies can take care of
the soil pollution policies with the analysis of special areas and demarcation of
dumping of toxic wastes.
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Impacts of Soil and Water Pollution on Food Safety and Health Risks
Pesticides – The golf courses, backyards and run-off from farms contain various
types of pesticides such as DDT which contaminates the water. Another major source
of contamination is leechate from landfill sites. It affects the health and ecosystem and
reproductive damage and ultimately, food safety (Morgan, 2013). The groundwater
can be contaminated easily with the utilization of pesticides and persistent use of
chemicals.
Sewage – Most of the untreated sewage is major source of water contamination
and water pollution. The discharged organic material through municipal wastes and
other water courses utilize substantial oxygen and upset the ecological balance of
lakes and rivers (Schueler, 2010). The use of water by people for cooking and other
utilities affects the health and food safety in an influential manner.
Nutrients – The domestic wastage of water and industrial wastages and
agricultural run-offs contain substantial amount of nitrogen and phosphorus which
increase the level of nutrients in water and causes eutrophication in water. Mostly, the
nitrates are added in water through fertilizers (Laws, 2009). The excessive use of
fertilizers contaminates the groundwater and ultimately drinking water and food
safety. The good practices in agriculture can reduce the nitrate amount in soil and
reduce the water contamination.
Synthetic organics – There are many synthetic compounds in the water
environment which accumulate food chain. The persistent organic pollutants are one
of the most harmful elements in the ecosystem and impacts health in a considerable
manner such as agricultural pesticides, industrial chemicals etc. (Yardley, 2007). The
chemicals accumulate serious damages to health of human beings. The usage of
pesticides contaminates groundwater and drinking water.
Acidification – The process of acidification in surface water and mainly in
reservoirs and lakes are main environmental impacts (Liiri, 2012). Also, the air
pollution generates from power plants and heavy industries causes further
contamination in water.
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BADER A. HAKAMI
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Impacts of Soil and Water Pollution on Food Safety and Health Risks
6.0 CONCLUSIONS
The study has concentrated on evaluating the impacts of soil and water pollution on
food safety and health risks within the environment. The overview of water and soil
pollution and their health impacts on food safety and risks to human health has been
explained for understanding the clear purpose of study. The study has been conducted
to understand the causes of water and soil contamination and their ultimate effects on
the health of human beings and food safety implications. There are various linkages of
water and soil contamination with food safety and also, various diseases occur due to
soil and water pollution. Therefore, the study have concentrated on the health impacts,
pollution, soil and water contamination and other factors contributing to the negative
health impacts. It is evident that the soil and water pollution have long term negative
impacts on the health and food safety and therefore, various corrective actions have
been provided for improving the current situation and reduce contamination up to
maximum extent. The assessment of health risks and food safety risks are conducted
to take into account the environmental characteristics of soil and water and their
relation with human activities.
The water and soil pollutants are found to be crucial for entire food chain of
supply and the effects of contamination can be reduced with implementation of
corrective actions within the environment. The high exposure of water and soil
contamination to human beings causes health impacts and various problems. The
health problem includes liver, cancer and other circulatory system problems (Philipp,
2012). Therefore, the man-made wastage has to be managed properly for reducing the
impacts of soil and water pollution of health of human beings and have better food
safety.
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BADER A. HAKAMI
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