CONTENTS

List of figures i
List of tables iv
Chap.No. Chapter Name Pages No.
1 INTRODUCTION 01
1.1 Embedded System 01
1.1.1 Characteristic of embedded system 03
1.1.2 Applications of embedded systems 03
1.1.3 Microcontroller versus microprocessor 04
1.1.4 Microcontrollers for embedded systems 04
2 LITERATURE SURVEY 06
2.1 Problem Statement 06
2.2 Existing Methodology 07
2.3 Proposed Methodology 07
3 HARDWARE DESCRIPION 10
3.1 MicroController 10
3.1.1 Arduino Uno Microcontroller 10
3.1.2 Arduino Uno Board 13
3.2 Power Supply 19
3.2.1 Transformer 19
3.2.2 Diodes 20
3.2.3 Rectifier 20
3.2.4 Capacitor Filter 22
3.2.5 Voltage Regulator 23
3.3 Seat Belt 26
3.4 Tilt Sensor 27
3.5 Panic Button 33
3.6 Relay 33
3.6.1 Driving A Relay 35
3.7 DC Motor 36
3.8 GPS 45

i
 3.9 GSM 52
4 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION 74
4.1Introduction to Arduino IDE 74
4.2 Arduino data types 75
5 RESULTS & DISCUSSION 87

6 ADVANTAGES & APPLICATIONS 93

6.1 Advantages 93
6.2 Applications 93

CONCLUSION 94
FUTURE SCOPE 95
REFERENCES 96
ANNEXURE 97

ABSTRACT

In highly populated countries, everyday people lose their lives because of

accidents and poor emergency facilities. These lives could have been saved if medical
facilities are provided at the right time. This project implies a system with a solution
,when a driver is not weared a seatbelt then automatically vehicle will stop. When a
vehicle meets with an accident immediately twilit sensor will detect the signal and send

ii
 an accident alert message through GSM modem including the location to the police
station or a rescues team.

Advent of technology leads to increased traffic hazards and road

accidents.Huge loss of life and property due to poor emergency facilities.If driver won’t
wear a seat belt then automatically vehcile will off. The proposed system which can
detect accidents in significantly less time and sends the basic information to hospital
within a few seconds covering geographical coordinates, the time and angle in which a
vehicle accident had occurred.

Keywords : Arduino uno,GSM,GPS,Tilt sensor.

List of the figures

Fig.n Name of the figures Page No.

o
2.3.1 Block Diagram of Monitoring and Controlling of a 08
vehicle with an accident alert using GSM

iii
3.1 Arduino Uno board 14

3.2 Pin diagram 16

3.3 Power Supply 20

3.4 Transformers 21

3.5 Diode symbol 21

3.6 Half wave rectifier 22

3.7 Half wave rectification 23

3.8 Full wave rectifier 23

3.9 Center tapped Full wave rectifier with a capacitor filter 25

3.10 Regulator 26

3.11 Seat belt 28

3.12 Tilt sensor 29

3.13 Tilt sensr is in off condition 30

3.14 Tilt sensor is in on state 31

3.15 Force balance sensor 31

3.16 MEMS sensor 32

3.17 Electrolytic sensor 33

3.18 Panic button 35

3.19 Circuit symbol of a relay 35

3.20 Relay operation and use of protection diodes 36

iv
3.21 DC Motor 39

3.22 Two bar magnets with their ends marked south&north 40

3.23 Two bar magnets with their ends 41

3.24 Worm gear 45

3.25 Working of GPS 50

3.26 GPS signal receiver and transmitter 50

3.27 GPS satellite system 51

3.28 Sources of GPS signal errors 52

3.29 Time multiple division access 61

3.30 The concept of cellular system 62

3.31 Architecture of GSM network 63

3.32 Modem 65

3.23 GSM modem 66

3.24 Establishing connection between PC &GSM modem 68

3.25 LCD diagram 73

3.26 Block diagram of LCD 74

3.27 Flow chart of lcd 75

3.28 Flow chart of LCD 76

4.1 Arduino IDE software 82

4.2 Arduino IDE 83

4.3 To create new project 84

4.4 To open existing project 84

4.5 To select your board 85

v
 To select serial port

4.6 To upload the program to board 86

4.7 Arduino programming structure 87

4.8 Interfacing of arduino with an LCD 88

5.1 When GPS is initializing the signals 90

5.2 Prototype of this project 91

6.1 Tilt sensor alert 92

6.2 Panic condition 93

6.3 Seat beltalert 94

6.4 Driver is in active state 95

6.5 Messages sent to register mobile 96

6.6 97

vi
List of the tables

Table.no Name of the tables Page No .

3.1 Arduino uno specifications 14

3.2 True horse power rating compared to the ampere rating 43

3.3 True horse power ratings 46

3.4 Mobile telephony standards 56

3.5 Hardware connections 74

vii