Republic of the Philippines

Nueva Vizcaya State University

Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
Graduate School

CHARLIE T. MERIALES
Subject: Soc-Philo

Topic: Philosophy of Education

1. Why do you need to study Philosophy?

First in for most the reason why do I need to study philosophy is there is a lot of
enormous and enduring interest, a wide vision seeks for greater improvement or
enriching by turning our mind to the consideration of the most basic question
concerning reality, human existence, and God, we open ourselves to a world of
possibilities for understanding the world and our place in it. Philosophy prepare us for
success in wide variety of careers it depends on how our efforts go just like when we
want need to pursue something in order to achieve that goal. Philosophical study
develops writing, reading, reasoning, re-thinking, adapting, learning, organizing and
dialogue skills. In a fast-changing business and technological environment, these are
abilities of great practical value.
2. Why is Philosophy said to be the mother of Science?

Philosophy is the mother of all sciences since philosophy is the science that
studies the fundamental aspects of the nature of existence. The task of philosophy
is to provide man with a comprehensive view of life. This view serves as a base, a
frame of reference, for all his actions, mental or physical, psychological or
existential. This view tells him the nature of the universe with which he has to deal
(metaphysics); the means by which he is to deal with it, i.e., the means of acquiring
knowledge (epistemology); the standards by which he is to choose his goals and
values, in regard to his own life and character (ethics) - and in regard to society
(politics); the means of concretizing this view is given to him by aesthetics.

This can be compared to the special sciences, which deal only with
particular aspects of reality, as distinct from those aspects of the universe which
pertain to everything that exists. In the realm of knowledge, the special sciences
are the trees but philosophy is the soil which makes the forest possible.

3. What is your Philosophy of Education?

I believe that there are five essential elements that are conducive to learning. (1)
The teacher's role is to act as a guide. (2) Students must have access to hands-on
activities. (3) Students should be able to have choices and let their curiosity direct their
learning. (4) Students need the opportunity to practice skills in a safe environment.
(5) Technology must be incorporated into the school day.
Topic: Educational Sociology

1. In your own understanding, define educational sociology.

Based from my own understanding educational sociology is the study of the

social factors that influence and are influenced by all educational structures and
processes, both within and between societies. As a distinct subarea within the two
disciplines of sociology and education, educational sociology is also known as the
sociology of education or the social foundations of education. After identifying the
distinct characteristics of a sociological perspective in the study of education, this
article briefly discusses its historical background, some important theoretical
perspectives, and its recent development in some countries. The article then reviews
some major themes in current educational sociology, namely micro/macro
perspectives, critical theory, critical pedagogy and postmodernism, equality and
excellence, gender and education, cultural diversity and multicultural education, and
alienation in schools. The article concludes with a discussion of the relevance of
educational sociology for the formation of educational policy and planning.

2. What is the importance of sociology of education to you as a teacher?

As a Teacher, Sociology helps in the process of education in several ways.  One

way is that sociology represents education.  The study of how people and societies
interact within one another and themselves is, in part, the essence of education.  The
process of teaching and learning is a social process- teachers and students, students
with one another, both with people outside of the classroom and bringing those
experiences into the classroom setting- are all examples of how our social interactions
impact our learning.  Effective teaching and learning is not an isolated process. 
Students enter the classroom with their own senses of reality, experience, and
narratives and teachers have to acknowledge and integrate this into the classroom
setting and the learning process.  The notion of students entering a classroom and
divorcing it from their own social experiences is not an effective paradigm in the
modern setting.  Perhaps, this is because students have greater interactions on a
social level with the proliferation of information technology and socially interactive
networking.  They bring this cultural capital into the classroom and teachers have to
strive to understand this sociological element into the process of teaching and
learning.  Additionally, students' backgrounds demand that teachers comprehend how
different societies interact within one other in order to maximize learning.  The
heterogeneous classroom is one predicated upon different modes of social interaction,
and a teachers' understanding of this sociological component could be a defining in
determining success or failure in the reciprocal process of teaching and learning.
Topic: Heredity (Nature) & Environment (Nurture): Development and Educational
Implication

1) Explain the mechanism of heredity and environment on human behaviors.

The mechanism of heredity and Environment on human behaviors is that

the personality is the main product of both heredity and environment. In some
cases, heredity may overpower development and in certain other cases
environment may very strongly influence growth and development. It is because
of this difference, individual differ in physique, character and other personality
traits. Also, child’s development represents the interaction of heredity and
environment. Heredity determines the potential, while environment influences
the extent to which that potential is achieved.

2) Describe the role of Heredity and Environment in relation to physical

characteristics, intelligence and personality.

All I can describe is that, the evidence of the role of heredity in our
psychological make-up has been provided by research involving pairs of twins
raised apart from birth. Researchers look to see if pairs of identical twins raised
apart share a specific trait more frequently than fraternal twins. If they do, it
suggests that heredity plays a role in the development of that trait. The greater
the difference in the sharing between identical twins and non-identical twins,
the greater the role played by heredity. Genetic and environmental influences
on personality trait stability and growth during the transition to adulthood: A
three wave longitudinal study During the transition to adulthood individuals
typically settle into adult roles in love and work. This transition also involves
significant changes in personality traits that are generally in the direction of
greater maturity and increased stability. Competing hypotheses have been
offered to account for these personality changes: the intrinsic maturation
hypothesis suggests that change trajectories are endogenous, whereas the life-
course hypothesis suggests that these changes occur because of transactions
with the social environment. 
3) What is nature-nurture controversy? Discuss the relative importance of
heredity and environment.

The interaction of a biological structure with an environment in which

to function is a necessary prerequisite for the production of behavior. Without
a biological structure no behavior is possible; without an environment which
provides the stimulation and the context, no response can be displayed. Each
of us is a unique person, a mixture or blend of inherited genetic material and
environmental influences. A basic theme and controversial issue throughout
the history of psychology has been the debate and investigation of the relative
roles of heredity and environment in the creation of individual differences.
Despite beliefs that men ought to be born equal they are not. Every person
possesses a unique set of genetic material endowing them with variations in
aptitude, physical development, and capacities, which in turn are acted on by
their interpretation of unique environmental experiences some of which even
influence the organism prenatally.
Topic: Types and Factors of Learning

1. Is motivation related to learning? Why do you say so?

I think motivation is essential learning cause in this juncture of the pre-lesson,

one of the most important moment, I say this point the teacher must catch the
attention all his/her student in order to go to the proper lesson. Motivation has
several effects on students' learning and behavior. First, motivation directs behavior
toward particular goals. ... Motivation will increase students' time on task and is also
an important factor affecting their learning and achievement. Motivation enhances
cognitive processing.

2. Do you have an experienced in motivating other people? Give proof/examples.

There are two factors that we need to always know, extrinsic motivation is when
you use external factors to encourage our learners to do what you want. Pay raises,
time off, bonus checks, and the threat of job loss are all extrinsic motivators – some
positive, some less so. On the other hand, is intrinsic motivation is internal. It's about
having a personal desire to overcome a challenge, to produce high-quality work, or to
interact with team members you like and trust. Intrinsically motivated people get a
great deal of satisfaction and enjoyment from what they do. To demonstrate this point,
let’s consider two scenarios you’ve likely experienced: the first one is that you have
something you have to do. You’re not excited or passionate about it, but you know you
need to get it done. This feeling of obligation motivates you to work hard to complete
the task; and other option is this, you have something you get to do. You’re interested
in your task—you might have even assigned this task for yourself rather than
receiving it from someone else—and you are happy to put in the time and effort to
complete it. In which scenario are you more effective? In which scenario are you more
efficient? And, in which scenario do you feel the most fulfilled? I’m willing to bet that
your answer to each of those questions is Scenario 2. It likely won’t come as a surprise
that doing something for its own sake and for your own purposes is likely to be more
fulfilling, enjoyable, and successful than doing something to meet external standards
or to please others. The feeling described in Scenario 2 is that of being self-motivated.
3. As a professional, how do you identify the word ‘learning’?

I can say that the learning is the relatively permanent change in a person’s knowledge
or behavior due to experience. This definition has three components: 1) the duration of
the change is long-term rather than short-term; 2) the locus of the change is the
content and structure of knowledge in memory or the behavior of the learner; 3) the
cause of the change is the learner’s experience in the environment rather than fatigue,
motivation, drugs, physical condition or physiologic intervention.
Topic: Education as an instrument of social change: Role of the School

1. How is education an instrument of social change?

Education has a great social importance especially in the modern, complex

industrialized societies. Just like this days there is a covid19 or pandemic worldwide,
It affects the society. The role of education as an instrument or agent of social change
and social development is widely accepted in the present society. Society needs to
change from time to time for its own prosperity and development. Social change may
include changes in nature, social institutions, social behaviors, or social relations.
Change means accepting new ideas leading to evolution and development. Social
change takes place as a result of many types of changes that takes place in the social
and nonsocial environment. Change is inevitable in a society. Education in every sense
is one of the fundamental factors of development. No country can achieve sustainable
economic development without substantial investment in human capital. Education
enriches people’s understanding of themselves and world. It improves the quality of
their lives and leads to broad social benefits to individuals and society. Education is
an instrument on social change and development which constitutes an essential input
into the development process itself. The role of education in the development of human
resources in particular, requires hardly and emphasis. Education raises people’s
productivity and creativity and promotes entrepreneurship and technological
advances. In addition, it plays a very crucial role in securing economic and social
progress and improving income distribution. Education plays a major role in
eradicating poverty by granting access to different employment opportunities.

2. What is the relationship between education and social change?

Based from what I understood coming from the view point of the power point
presentation is that education can initiate social changes by bring about a change in
the outlook and attitude of men. It can bring about a change in the pattern of social
relationships and thereby it may cause social changes.

3. As a teacher what is your experience regarding the importance of teaching to social

change?

Just like stepping stone, teachers can take to encourage students to play a part
in larger societal improvement is to create a classroom where they’re given the
responsibility and authority to make some significant decisions. If teachers have all
the answers, it’s implied that students are expected to receive knowledge, not offer
solutions or improvements. But if teachers make it clear that, especially when it comes
to the big questions, we all face, even those in authority don’t know it all, then
students have more room to rely on their own cognitive powers and problem-solving
skills. Teachers might try offering lessons in, for example, how ethical decisions are
made and the role of empathy and considered argument, and then setting up
situations in which students can apply these skills in solving problems. It’s also
important to create a learning environment in which students learn to see the benefit
of a worthy failure – rather than learning to fear the possibility of doing something
wrong.
Topic: Individual differences: Types and Educational Implications

1. What is the importance of individual differences in students?

The importance of individual differences: As teachers, we must be aware of

about students' individual differences such as differences in culture, ethnicity,
intelligent, languages, learning styles, etc. It is because it may enhance students'
understanding or limit their opportunity to learn from the school environment.
According to Gartner actually the proponent of the multiple intelligence, is that he
discovers that the fact that every learner has their own learning styles. He said that
this learning style, it also an instrument to full fill the gap of learning.

2. What are Filipino teachers doing to determine the individual differences of

students?

There are a variety of individual differences that must be of concern to

classroom teachers. Some of the most prominent are academic ability (or intelligence),
achievement level, gender, learning style, and ethnicity and culture. In order to
determine the individual differences of our learner is that, they must have a strategy
or he/she have to be flexible at all times. For example, if student have a bigger
potential in singing then the must be suggested to make an activity prior to the
learner, in the same time the learner enjoying what he is doing and also learning.
3. What are your suggestions to support individual differences of students?

Around the world, every public-school system is faced with the challenge of
educating large numbers of students efficiently while also meeting the needs of each
student. Adapting teaching strategies, approach is very different from what most of us
experienced when we were in school. In an adaptive classroom, the teacher doesn’t
convey the same content to all students; instead, students may be working on
different tasks at the same time. Some may be working independently, while others
are engaged in learning with their peers, and still others are being introduced to new
subject matter by the teacher. Low-achieving students will receive more guidance and
structured support from teachers than high-achieving students, who are more capable
of working on their own. All I can say is that on how to support individual differences
of student is do thing that make them happy and at the same time they are learning
so, but not all times, it is all in moderation.
Topic: Education and National Development

1. What are the contribution of education to national development?

I think the contribution of education is a vital investment for human and
economic development and is influenced by the environment within which it exists.
Changes in technology, labor market patterns and general global environment, all
require policy responses. Traditions, culture and faith all reflect upon the education
system and at the same time are also affected by them. The greatest need of the ours
is to re design curriculum, textbooks, teaching methodology and children’s literature,
formal and non-formal educational systems. It has been demonstrated by researcher
that active learning (questioning and investigate the nature of topic) develop creativity
and stimulate for learning. The element of continuity and change remains perpetual
and it is up to the society to determine its pace and direction. From generation to
generation education is the key to become a better country.
2. What is the relationship between education and development?
I think society cannot develop unless its population holds modern attitudes and
values. They see a direct relationship between education and socio-
economic development, in that education brings about a change in outlook in the
individual which promotes productivity and work efficiency. In many developing
countries, formal education is the largest "industry" and the greatest consumer of
public revenues. Poor nations have invested huge sums of money in education. The
reasons are numerous. Literate farmers with at least a primary education are thought
to be more productive and more responsive to new agricultural technologies than
illiterate farmers. Specially trained artisans and mechanics who can read and write
are assumed to be better able to keep up to date with changing products and
materials. Secondary school graduates with some knowledge of arithmetic and clerical
skills are needed to perform technical and administrative functions in growing public
and private bureaucracies. In former colonial countries, many people with such skills
are also needed to replace departing expatriates. University graduates with advanced
training are needed to provide the professional and managerial expertise necessary for
a modernized public and private
3. What role does education play in supporting other development goals?
We are living in an inquiring and innovation-oriented society. The demand of
twenty first century is novelty, creativity, and integration of knowledge at global level,
research, critical and analytical thoughts. Rapidly social changes are creating
uncertainty and complexity in the society. To prepare the children and youth to cope
with the present situation needs to develop analytical and critical thinking, skill and
attitude that would make them more flexible and innovative to deal with uncertainty
and crises at national and global level. That is why education have bigger role in our
country, so the key for all phases is there is always researchers in every particular
part of country so that may fulfill the gap of the development goals. It is, perhaps
easier to educate a researcher and learners in beginning than re-educated him when
he has already formed. Therefore, books for researcher and learners are not simply a
source of entertainment rather inculcate intelligence and values.
Topic: Philosophies of Education and their Impact to Education

1. As a teacher of this century, which among the philosophies is the most effective?
Why do you say so?

Based from the notes among the philosophies is the most effective is that being
believing in progressivism is most suitable this century. Because it is a student-
centered form of instruction where students follow the scientific method of questioning
and searching for the answer. Evaluations include projects and portfolios. Current
events are used to keep students interested in the required subject matter. Students
are active learners as opposed to passive learners. The teacher is a facilitator rather
than the center of the educational process. Student input is encouraged, and students
are asked to find their interpretation of the answer.

2. If you are to come up with your own philosophy of education, what would it be?
What will be its objective?

I believe that there are five essential elements that are conducive to learning. (1)
The teacher's role is to act as a guide. (2) Students must have access to hands-on
activities. (3) Students should be able to have choices and let their curiosity direct their
learning. (4) Students need the opportunity to practice skills in a safe environment.
(5) Technology must be incorporated into the school day.

3. As a teacher, do you think that it is essential to follow a certain philosophy? Why do

you say so?

For me at this point of learning & development it is not enough knowing all the
3r’s, the reading, ‘riting and rithmetic. This 21 st century must also learn how to utilize
all the skill & potential prior to the interest of the student or learner. I suggest the one
of the most utilize is the constructivism & social-reconstructivism because now a days
is that student-centered philosophy strives to instill a desire to make the world a
better place. It places a focus on controversial world issues and uses current events as
a springboard for the thinking process. These students are taught the importance of
working together to bring about change. These teachers incorporate what is happening
in the world with what they are learning in the classroom.

 
Reporter: Loraine Rock
Guided Question

1. Write (at least 2) of your experiences inside the classroom where educational
psychology is being applied?

For me based from my experience is that inside the classroom where in

educational psychology is being applied in student-centered philosophy particularly in
philosophy of humanism and existentialism, this educational method is based on the
idea that the students should be presented with choices about the learning process.
The student is engaged in all aspects of learning and works together with the teacher
and her peers to develop a curriculum and evaluation system that allows for individual
interests and abilities. Now a days during time have a covid or pandemic it is
important to keep in touch into our students and also facilitate their own quality of
learning. One of my experience from past is classroom setting where in the students
are inside the classroom it is easy to discuss and evaluate & assessing their own
understanding from the lectures. While on other hand is the online teaching, were in
the most of time it is not being convenient at all times because it depends on the
accessibility of teacher and students that why online teaching is actually need more
efforts than the usual teaching in the classroom. I tried Edmudo and Google
Classroom it is not actually effective most of the time I think it depends in the status
of students, in province one of I encountered problem is that there is no signal some of
the places and in order to fulfill this lacking I have to make an offline module wherein
they will also do it where ever place they are and once they will finished it they will
send it to my email.

2. Is educational psychology still relevant in online mode of teaching? why?

Now a days it is important to have accessibility online, because of the pandemic,

educational psychology still relevant in online mode of teaching. Why? because in order to
make the best use of the advantages the online environment has to offer, however, online
instructors need to keep in mind that active learning is one of the keys to success in the
online classroom. Instructors need to employ new techniques and technologies to ensure
that their courses make the best of the online medium. The learning management system
used in all our online courses, Blackboard, provides a solid framework to do this;
additionally, it has to be a team of instructional designers who work with each instructor
to ensure that course content is effectively delivered online.