S/M No.

Training Manual
PRODUCT : Microwave Oven
MODEL : ALL model

DAEWOO ELECTRONICS CO., LTD.

http : //svc.dwe.co.kr Jun . 2002
Contents

1. PRINCIPLES ......................................................................................1

2. CLASSIFICATION ..............................................................................6

3. CONTAINERS .....................................................................................8

4. BASIC STRUCTURE ..........................................................................9

5. BASIC CIRCUIT AND FUNCTIONS ................................................10

6. HOW TO CHECK MAJOR COMPONENTS .....................................17

7. MAJOR TROUBLE SHOOTING .......................................................19

8. CAUTIONS ON USING THE MICROWAVE OVEN ..........................23

9. NEW MODELS WITH SPECIAL FUNCTION ...................................24

1. PRINCIPLES
1-1 Origin of Concept of the Microwave Oven

A major characteristic of mankind that animals do not have is the use of "fire". Since the World War II,
mankind has gained access to various kinds of new fires, the most outstanding of which is the nuclear
technology. The microwave heating technology, being used for the microwave oven, is also one of the
new fires.

The microwave oven has first been introduced to the market in 1945, by RAYTHEON Company of U.S.A.
in the name of RADAR RANGE. The idea is said to have been inspired by the chocolate molten in the
pocket of an engineer by the influence of the microwave from a RADAR.

The traditional heating method like burning of firewood, charcoal and petroleum of heating by electric
heater depends on surface heating in which the surface of the objects being heated gets heat through
flame of heat wave(infrared ray), and the inner contents of the objects gradually through thermal
conduction inside the material.

On the contrary, the microwave heating technology is the internal heating technology, in which
microwave(a kind of electromagnetic wave) penetrates and is absorbed into the objects being heated(like
food), thereby heating them from inside.

The microwave heating technology has the following advantages compared with the traditional heating
technology :
1 short time to heat
2 high thermal efficiency because only the objects being heated are heated
3 almost nonexistent heating of the heating equipment itself
4 better safety to users due to the reason described in 3

The microwave heating technology, with the above advantages, being a clean and energy saving
technology, is used widely for medicinal purposes as well as industrial purposes including food treatment,
various drying processes, molding and sterilization processes.

1
1-2 Thermal source of the Microwave Oven

The energy source of the microwave oven is the electromagnetic wave. TV(UHF and VHF), radio, stereo
audio equipment, and the high frequency treatment equipment used for treating neuralgia or rheumatism
are all everyday examples of devices using electromagnetic wave.

The electromagnetic wave is changed into the picture by TV, into voice by radio or stereo audio
equipment, and into heat by the microwave oven.

microwave oven TV
• 2,450 MHz • VHF : 30 ~ 300 MHz
• changed into heat • UHF : 300 ~ 3000 MHz
• changed into picture the and voice

use of
electromagnetic
wave

1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0

radio medicinal equipment

• 560 ~ 800 KHz • 2,450 MHz
• changed into voice • changed into heat

2
The electromagnetic wave is emitted from the antenna of the magnetron of the microwave oven.
The frequency of this electromagnetic wave is 2,450MHZ, i.e. there is a 2,450,000,000 oscillations
(change of polarity between + and -) per second. The electromagnetic wave vibrates the water molecules
contained inside the food, which generates friction heat. This friction heat propagates all over the food
and cooks it. The electromagnetic wave energy thus changes into high efficiency thermal energy.

electromagnetic wave

magnetron
(vacuum tube)

dish container food

If wood is rubbed against wood. If hand is rubbed against hand. If water molecules in the food is
rubbed against other water
moecules while rotating

The friction heat is generated

3
1-3 Characteristic of Electromagnetic Wave

The ability to heat only the food without heating the container comes from the ingenious use of the
characteristic of the electromagnetic wave.

- Electromagnetic wave is absorbed by water. absorption

Electromagnetic wave always travels straight. However, if

electromagnetic wave meets materials containing water, it is
absorbed by the water and generates heat. Microwave oven uses
this characteristic to heat materials.

- Electromagnetic wave penetrates porcelain of glass. penetration

Electromagnetic wave penetrates materials that do not contain

water like porcelain of glass.

- Electromagnetic wave is reflected when it meets metals.

reflection

Electromagnetic wave is reflected when it meets metallic surface.

Thus, if container with metallic surface is used, food inside the
container will not get heated. Using aluminum foils to wrap the tail
of a fish when cooking is the example of using this characteristic,
not to burn it due to too much heating.

4
Also, traditional cooking methods like "boil water in the pot" or "fry eggs in the frying pan" depend on the
principle of thermal conduction. That is, heat from gas fire, charcoal fire or electric heater is first conveyed
to the pot or frying pan and then conveyed to food.
However, microwave oven generates friction heat inside food and heats only the food itself. Since heat is
generated from inside, time to heat is much reduced compared with traditional heating method. That is
also why heat loss is reduced.

microwave oven pot or frying fan

Only food, inside and outside, is heated at the Heat is transmitted to pot first, then to water,
same time. and then to food.

5
2. CLASSIFICATION
Microwave ovens can be classified into household use / professional use by use, single function / multiple
function by function, mechanical / electronic by control mechanism, and turn table type / stirrer fan type by
method of electromagnetic wave distribution. They can also be classified by capacity or by existence of
output switching.

2-1 Classification by function multiple functions microwave oven

single function microwave oven microwave oven + toaster

microwave oven

microwave oven + oven

microwave oven + oven + grill

microwave oven + oven + grill + toaster

microwave oven + oven + grill + steam cooker

microwave oven + oven + grill + home bakery

6
2-2 Classification by Control Mechanism

Mechanical Electronic

After the timer knob and output level adjusting Operation is made by using touch buttons on
knob are set to desired value, the microwave the control panel. Users can program their own
oven operates until the timer motor reaches the inputs by themselves, thus operation is various.
set time, with the set output level.

2-3 Classification by Method of Electromagnetic wave distribution

Turn table type Stirrer fan type

Food dish is rotated so that every part of food Stirrer fan installed in the ceiling of cavity
receives electromagnetic wave and is well rotates to distribute electromagnetic wave
cooked. emission.

7
3. CONTAINERS
materials of containers for microwave oven cooking for heater cooking
- thermo-resistant glass - can be used but may be broken. - can be used but may be broken.
(pyroceramic of pyrex) If cooled down abrubtly, If cooled down abrubtly,

- thermo-resistant ceramic, - can be used. - can be used.

porcelain
- china pot or gratin dish

- normal ceramic of - can be used but those with gold - can be used.
porcelain plating, silver plating or silver foil
can cause sparks and must not
be used.

- normal glass - can be used but those with big - cannot be used.
difference in thickness along its
shape can be broken easily and
must not be used. (like
reinforced glass or cup glass)

- thermo-resistant plastic - can be used but should be able - cannot be used.

(PP) to endure 120 degree celsius.

- metals like aluminum and - cannot be used since they - can be used but those with
foil, gridiron or metal causes sparks. wooden or plastic handles cannot
skewer be used.

- wood, bamboo or paper - cannot be used since they will - cannot be used since they will
be scorched or burned. be scorched or burned.

- aluminum foil - cannot be used normally but - can be used.

can be used to reduce the effect
of electromagnetic wave, like
wrapping the tails of fish.

- wrap - can be used but must not be - cannot be used since they will
used to wrap food like meat or a be melt.
fry that requires high
temperature to cook.

* Containers that cannot be used :

normal plastic containers (styrols, pp, melamin, penolic, urease or lacquer ware)

8
4. BASIC STRUCTURE
assembly

1 2 3 4 5 6
cabinet control door chassis bottom harness
panel plate wiring

9
5. BASIC CIRCUIT AND FUNCTIONS
5-1 Basic circuitry (example)

5-2 Power Supply Circuit

The power supply circuit is provided to supply power to the microwave oven and consists of the power
cord with plug and the line noise filter for EMI protection. Especially, the power cord with plug should be
of three prongtype (live/neutral/ground). The ground wire of the cord should be well grounded to the
microwave oven chassis and the ground prong of the plug should be well grounded to the ground pole of
the socket outlet.

5-3 Interlock Monitor System

The interlock monitor system is a device to prevent electromagnetic wave emission generated by the
magnetron from leaking outside the cavity, even when the door is opened while the primary interlock
switch is out of order. That is, if the primary interlock switch is out of order and its contacts are closed, the
interlock monitor switch will operate to form a closed loop, thus blowing out the main fuse. This cuts off
the power input to the microwave oven, stopping the oscillating operation of the magnetron. This switch is
an important safety device.

10
 when door is open, normal when primary switch is out of order

5-4 Control Circuit

This circuit is provided for adjusting cooking time and output level ; in case of mechanical type, by rotating
the knob, the cooking time and output level are adjusted. For example, suppose that the desired output
level is level 5 and maximum output is 850W. The oscillation time and output are as follows.
Output adjustment switch (V.P.C : variable power controller) is switched on and off with a cycle time of
30 sec.
Variable power setting ON/OFF time, sec. Power %
(HIGH) 30.0 / 0 850 W 100%
(MED HIGH) 23.2 / 6.8 657 W 77.3%
(MEDIUM) 16.5 / 13.5 468 W 55.0%
(DEFROST) 9.8 / 20.2 278 W 32.7%
(WARM) 5.0 / 25.0 142 W 16.7%

In case of electronic type, a microprocessor is provided for control, so adjustment is more various.

Power level "ON/OFF time, sec Power (W) %

1 3/26 88 10.3%
2 5/24 147 17.2%
3 8/21 234 27.6%
4 11/18 322 37.9%
5 14/15 410 48.3%
6 17/12 498 58.6%
7 20/9 586 69.0%
8 23/6 674 79.3%
9 26/3 762 89.7%
10 29/0 850 100%

11
5-5 Overheating Protection Device

Overheating protecton device is the safety device consisting of a magnetron thermostat or a cavity
thermostat. It cuts off the power when the magnetron or the cavity is overheated, and switches power ON
again when temperature goes down. The ON/OFF temperature of the thermostats are different between
each model.

5-6 High Voltage Generator

The magnetron needs an oscillation power (DC 4000V) and a filament power (AC 3.4V). The high
voltage generator consists of a high voltage transformer, a high voltage capacitor, and a high voltage
diode. AC 2000V voltage generated at the secondary winding of the high voltage transformer is boosted
to halfwave DC 4000V by the high voltage capacitor and the high voltage diode and then supplied to the
magnetron.

The following are a circuit diagram and an exploded view of the high voltage generator.

circuit diagram exploded view

OR FA
F
H.V.
FUSE
H.V.
CAPACITOR

H.V. DIODE

MAGNETRON

WIRING COLOR
OR: ORANGE
H.V. TRANSFORMER

When repair is needed, it should be done after

disconnecting power plug from the socket outlet and
discharging the high voltage capacitor. To discharge
it, shortcircuit the two parts indicated by the arrow.

SHORT

12
5-7 Microwave Generator

Microwave generator is a magnetron : it receives power from the high voltage generator and generates
2,450 MHZ microwave.
Care should be taken to the following when it should be replaced.
Metallic gasket plate should not be lost.

5-8 How to measure microwave output power (IEC 705 clause 12)

P = 4,187Mw(T2 - T1) + 0.55Mc(T2-T0) / t

Mw : Mass of the Water (1000g ± 5g) To : Ambient Temp. (20˚C ± 2˚C)

Mc : Mass of the Container T1 : Initial Temp. of Water (10˚C ± 1˚C)
t : Heating time (sec.) T2 : Final Temp. of Water

Heating time(t) of microwave oven can be approximately calculated by following.

t = 4,187 x 10 / 900 = 47
Here 1) T2 = 20, T1 = 10 and T0 = 20
2) Power output is 900W
3) The filament heat-up time for magnetron is excluded

* Power output vs Heating time

Power output (P) 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100
Heating time (t) 70 64 60 56 52 49 47 44 42 40 38

13
5-9 Leakage (Radiation) test (IEC 335-2-25 Clause 32)

1) Conditions
1 Load : 275 ± 15g (20 ± 2˚C)
2 Beaker : 600cc (85mm Diameter)
3 Location : The center of tray
4 The limit of leakage : 5mW/cm2 (4mW/cm2 : DAEWOO)

5-10 Installation

1) Steady, flat location

This microwave oven should be set on a steady, flat surface.
2) Leave space behind and side
All air vents should be kept a clearance. If all vents are covered during operation, the oven may
overheat and, eventually, cause oven failure.
3) Away from Radio and TV sets
Poor television reception and radio interference may result if the oven is located close to a TV, Radio,
or Antenna, feeder and so on.
4) Away from heating appliances and water taps
Keep the oven away from hot air, steam or splash when choosing a place to position it, or the
insulation might be adversely affected and breakdowns occur.
5) The minimum height of free space necessary above the top surface of the oven shall be maintained
according to user manual.

5-11 Efficiency

E = OUTPUT / INPUT x 100%

14
5-12 The Principles of Oscillating Magnetron

The primary of high voltage transformer is 230V.

for example
N1 = 230 turns
N2 = 2200 turns
by formula
V2 / V1 = N2 / N1 = I1 /I2 V2 = V1 x N2 / N1 = 230 x 2200/ 230 2200V

The secondary of high voltage is approx. 2200V.

High voltage capacitor has the function which store the electric charge and high voltage diode has the
function which rectify the current.
By these functions, AC 2200V is changed into approx DC 4.1KV.
DC 4.1KV is applied to the anode of magnetron. 3 volts is generated from the filament winding of the high
voltage transformer.

by formula
N1 = 230 turns
N2 = 3 turns
by formula
V2 / V1 = N2 / N1 V2 = V1 x N2 / N1 = 230 x 3/ 230 3V

This filament voltage is applied to the magnetron to heat the magnetron filament

15
5-13 The explanation for major components are as follows.

• Fan motor : This component has the function which cools the magnetron and transformer. If fan motor is
out of order, temperature is rising so abrupt that the magnetron thermostat or H.V. Fuse will be cut off.
In case of not having the magnetron thermostat, the stuffs (coupler, roller guide) inside the cavity may
be melted.

• Geared motor : This component has the function which distributes the microwave uniformly and has the
foods cooked well.

• Cavity lamp : This component has the function which lights the inside cavity

• Noise filter : This component has the function which filters conductive noise flowing from line to line.

• Oven thermostat (Cavity thermostat) : This is the device which protects the appliance during the
abnormal operation

• Fuse : This is the component which protects the set on breaking out overcurrent, the break down of
insulation, short, ets.

• H.V.Fuse : This is the component which protects overcurrent from H.V. Transformer to H.V. Capacitor.

• Timer : This is the component which controls the time and output power.

• Transformer H.V. : This is the component which transforms 230V general input into 2000V.

i.e. the transformer has pass core for leakage flux to obtain the stable power source.

16
6. HOW TO CHECK MAJOR COMPONENTS
Components should be checked only after removing the power plug from the socket outlet, discharging
the high voltage capacitor and disconnecting power lead wires from the components.

components points to be checked result

magnetron both ends of the filament normal : less than 1Ω

RX1

filament housing normal : ∞

R X 1000

high voltage transformer primary winding normal : 0 Ω

RX1

secondary winding normal : about 100 Ω

RX1

primary winding and core normal : ∞

RX1

filament and core normal : ∞

R X 1000

high voltage capacitor pin to pin normal :

ammeter should show
R X 1000 some resistance value for
a moment but then
should go to ∞
abnormal :
∞ or 0Ω always
pin to case normal : ∞
abnormal : 0Ω
R X 1000

17
 components points to be checked result
thermostat normal : 0Ω
abnormal : ∞
RX1

fan motor normal : ∞

abnormal : 0Ω
RX1

high voltage diode forward direction normal : continuity

abnormal : 0Ω

R X 1000

reverse direction normal : ∞

abnormal : continuity

R X 1000

fuse (including high normal : 0Ω

voltage fuse) abnormal : ∞
RX1

safety switch NC. NO Type switch off switch

(door open) (door close)
NC
NO NC NO
COM

NO. Type (CHECK) RX1 RX1

COM-NO
NO
COM

NC. Type
(CHECK) RX1 RX1
NC COM-NC
COM

light bulb (lamp) normal : ∞

abnormal : 0Ω
RX1

18
7. MAJOR TROUBLE SHOOTING
Symptom points to check result required actions

1) After the oven is check if fuse blown. if blown replace fuse

started, the lamp
does not light and if OK
fan motor does
not operate

check if power plug if not connected make connection

is properly
connected to socket
outlet

check lamp filament if cut it off replace lamp

if OK

check lamp wiring if improper wired repair wiring

check fan motor if abnormal replace fan motor

if OK

check fan motor if improper wired repair wiring

wiring
if OK

check safety switch if abnormal replace safety

switch or adjust
if OK door positioning

in case of electronic
type

check relay if abnormal replace relay

if OK replace PCB
assembly

19
 Symptom points to check result required actions

2) Operation is check wiring of high if improper repair wiring

normal but food voltage transformer
is not heated and magnetron. if OK

check high voltage if fuse blown replace fuse

fuse
if OK

check high voltage if abnormal replace capacitor

capacitor
if OK

check high voltage if abnormal repair diode

diode
if OK

check resistance of if abonormal replace transformer

high voltage
transformer if OK

check magnetron if abnormal replace magnetron

In case of electronic if abonormal replace main relay

type, check main
relay. if OK

Check power input if improper replace main relay

to main relay driver transistor
(DC 12V or 24V)

if OK replace PCB
assembly

20
 Symptom points to check result required actions

check input power if OK

3) Incase of
electronic type,
power plug is
check if power plug if abnormal replace socket
inserted but the
display is not is properly outlet
lighted: connected to socket
outlet

Or in case that start check fuse if fuse blown replace fuse

button is pressed
but the oven does if OK
not operate.

check secondary if fuse abnormal repair transformer

voltage of low
voltage transformer if OK replace PCB
assembly

if fuse is again
blown

check safety of if abnormal adjust door

interlock system positioning or
replace safety
if OK
switch

check for short if short circuit found correct the

circuit in internal problem
wiring or
components

21
 Symptom points to check result required actions

4) In case of check contacts of if abnormal replace membrane

electronic type, membrane switch switch
function keys are if OK
pressed but the
microwave oven
does not operate
check connector if abnormal repair connection
between membrane
switch and PCB if OK replace PCB
assembly

check door-open if abnormal adjust door

limit switch positioning

if OK repalace door-open
limit switch

check if there are if abnormal clean or replace

5) There are sparks spatter shield
food residue on
in cavity
spatter shield
if OK

check if container is use proper

metallic container

22
8. CAUTIONS ON USING THE MICROWAVE OVEN
1) BE CAREFUL ON INSTALLATION
• It should be earthed.
To protect electric shock, the earth should be installed.
• Electric capacity
Use a plug receptacle more than 15A.
Don't use other appliance at the receptacle at the same time.
If use like that, house breaker will be cut off.

2) FOR SAFE USE

• The prohibition of use except the purpose of cooking.
Don't use the tree, paper, bar, handkerchief, etc, in the dry.
If you heat these stuffs, it causes fume, ignition and fire.
Don't cook the eggs in the shell and bottle with not opening.

3) THE RIGHT METHOD TO CLEAN THE SET

• THE DOOR - should be cleaned with a damp cloth do not use aerosol cleaners, caustic cleaners or
abrasive powder cleaning agents as this may scrach the surface and impair vision into the oven.
• THE OUTER CASING - is cleaned with mild soap and damp cloth.
Do not use any type of abrasive cleaner.
• THE DOOR SEAL AREA - must also be kept particulary cleaning to ensure a tight seal to keep in
microwave.
•THE GLASS TURNTABLE - can be easily removed for cleaning at the sink. Wipe up spillovers with a
paper towel or cloth before removal of the turntable.
• INTERIOR SURFACE - is cleaned with soft cloth and warm water.
Do not use any abrasive cleaner. For heavier soil, use baking soda or a mild soap : rinse throughly
with hot water.

23
9. NEW MODELS WITH SPECIAL FUNCTION
9.1 Microwave Oven with Ultraviolet Lamp, Models KOR-633V and KOR-637V

1) UV light
Description - Ultraviolet processing involves the use of radiation from the ultraviolet region of the
electromagnetic spectrum for purposes of disinfection. Typically, the wavelength for UV processing
ranges from 100 to 400nm.
UVA: 315 to 400 nm - changing in human skin and lead to tanning
UVB: 280 to 315 nm - causing skin burning and eventually lead to skin cancer
UVC: 200 to 280 nm - inactivating bacteria and virus and lead to kill them, germicidal range
Property - Germicidal properties of UV radiation are mainly due to DNA mutations induced through
absorption of UV light by DNA molecules. It is primarily useful for sterilization and/or sanitation of air ,
the surfaces of various material and water or liquid. UV light can not transmit glass, steel, plastic, and
vinyl, etc, and so shall be irradiated directly onto the object to sanitize well.

2) Application
Germicidal lamp( UV Lamp ) efficiently emits a large amount of ultraviolet rays 253.7nm which have
excellent germicidal effect. This lamp has structures and electrical characteristics similar to those of
general fluorescent lamps used for illumination but use ultraviolet ray glass which efficiently transmits
ultraviolet ray at 253.7nm.
The models KOR-633V and KOR-637V have two separate function such as microwave cooking and uv
sanitizing, however separately operate by different key button on control panel.
The UV system consists of electrical components such as UV lamp, Ballast, and Glow starter and
mechanical parts such as lamp cover and socket.
The UV lamp rated 4W and Glow starter are equipped on top side of the oven cavity and irradiate the
UV light through multi-pierced holes. The Ballast is
Circuit diagram
equipped on base plate.
Glow Starter

GS

1 GL 2
Germicidal Lamp

Ballast

AC POWER INPUT

24
9.2 Convection Oven with 3 Dimensional Power Heating System, Models KOC-1B0K and
KOC-910K

1) Construction
3 powerful heaters are equipped on three sides of the oven cavity. These heaters heat up instantly
allowing even distribution inside the oven and cook beautiful results, browned to perfection.

REAR HEATER
TOP HEATER QUARTZ HEATER
QUARTZ HEATER (550W x 2EA)
(550W x 2EA) CONVECTION FAN

BOTTOM HEATER
SHEATHED HEATER (400W)

25
2) Function
- Three Grills Cooking
> Browning Grill : The ‘QUARTZ’ grill heats up instantaneously allowing your dishes to be cooked
quicker and tastier.
> Crisp Grill: The bottom grill heats the base of your food directly and makes it crispy at the same
time.
> Double Grill: With the top and bottom grill working simultaneously, grilling is done on ’both sides’ of
the food
- 5 Combinations Cooking

COMBI. 1 COMBI. 2
CONVECTION + CONV. + CRISP GRILL
M/W + M/W

COMBI. 3 COMBI. 4
CONV. + DOUBLE BROWNING GRILL +
GRILL M/W

COMBI. 5
DOUBLE GRILL +
M/W

26
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MODEL micrro wave oven training manual
접 수 02.05.15
1차 2002.05.20 6차
2차 2002.05.29 7차
일 정 3차 2002.06.18 8차
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