SCHMIDT-HARTMANN BOILER

INTRODUCTION
The Schmidt-hartmann boiler is a
vertical, stationary water tube boiler. It is an
internally fire tube boiler because the
combustion chamber lies inside the boiler.
This boiler produces high pressure steam and
is a natural circulation boiler
Schmidt-hartmann boiler was
invented by Wilhelm Schmidt and Joseph
hartmann in Germany in 1925.These
boilers are mainly used in power generation
through steam turbines.
Steam capacity 50-60
tonnes/hr
Pressure 60-100 bar
efficiency 50%-70%
WORKING PRINCIPLE
The operation of the boiler is
similar to an electric transformer. Two
pressures are used to effect an interchange of
energy.....................................................The
high pressure steam in this coil
possesses sufficient thermal potential
and steam is generated in the
evaporating drum.
PARTS OF A SCHMIDT
HARTMANN BOILER
 Feed pump
 Feed preheater
 Water drum
 Combustion Chamber
 Primary Seperator
 Evaporator drum
 Pressure gauge
 Superheater
 Blower
 Chimney
 Air preheater
 1. Feed Pump:
A feed pump is a specific
type of pump primarily used
to pump feedwater into industrial
boilers for steam generation. Feed
pumps raise the pressure so
feedwater can enter the boiler.
 2. Feed Preheater:
The purpose of the
air preheater is to readily heat
the feed water which increases
the thermal efficiency of the
boiler by reducing the quatity
of heat used in combustion
chamber
3. Water drum:
The water drum is a
storage tank where the feed water is
stored

4. Combustion chamber:
The term combustion
chamber is also used to refer to an
additional space between the firebox
and boiler in a steam locomotive.
This space is used to allow
further combustion of the fuel,
providing greater heat to the boiler.
5. Primary seperator:
Steam separator was
developed to remove the steam from the
mixture of steam and water in the steam
drum, and to provide the downcomers
with steam-free water. These
mechanical separators are installed in
single or double rows in the steam
drums

6. Evaporator drum:
An evaporator is a
device in a process used to
turn the liquid form of a
chemical substance such as
water into its gaseous-
form/vapor. The liquid is
evaporated, or vaporized, into
 a gas form of the targeted
substance in that process.
The drum in which
evaporation process is done
in the boiler is called
evaporator drum

7. Pressure gauge:
Pressure gauges are
connected to the steam space of
the boiler and usually have a
ring type siphon tube which
fills with condensed steam and
protects the dial mechanism
from high temperatures.
The function of the pressure
gauge is to measure
the pressure of steam inside
the boiler. The gauge is usually
 mounted on the front top of the
shell or drum such that it
should be clearly visible to the
operator. It consists of a
Bourdon spring tube (B) of
bronze metal.

Pressure gauge of a boiler

8. Super heater:
A superheater is a vital part
of the boiler system that is used to
increase the overall efficiency of a
thermal power plant. More
specifically, it is a device which
converts wet steam (saturated
steam) into dry steam as dry steam
contains more thermal energy.
 In all, there are three types
of Super Heaters: radiant
superheaters, convection
superheaters and separately fired
superheaters.
Depending on the size of the plant,
they can vary from a few meters long
to a few hundred meters.
Superheaters increase the
thermal efficiency of the steam
engine, and have been widely
adopted.

Advantages of superheater:
i. It increases
thermal efficiency.
ii. Reduces fuel and
water consumption.
 iii. Reduction of condensation loss in the
boiler steam pipes
iv. Increases the temperature
of saturated steam by
removing entrained water
particles from turbines
steam

9. Blo
wer:
An air blower is a machine used for
generating flow of air at substantial pressure. An
air blower is a machine used for generating flow of
air at substantial pressure.
Here in this boiler blower is used to feed the air
which is to be preheated.

10. Air pre-heater:

The purpose of the air
preheater is to recover the heat from
the boiler flue gas which increases
the thermal efficiency of the boiler
by reducing the useful heat lost in the
flue
 gas. ... It also allows control over the
temperature of gases leaving the
stack.
Air is preheated inorder
to utilize this heat in flue gases that
otherwise would be lost to the
atmosphere

Advantages of air preheater:

i. Reduces the loss of furnace

and the exhaust gas
temperature
ii. Improve the boiler thermal
efficiency
iii. Iincrease steam generation
capacity
 11. Chimney :
Chimney is a space which
allows the remaining flue gases to the
atmosphere, reducing effects of toxic
gases in the boiler.

CONSTRUCTION OF THE BOILER

The Schmidt-Hartmann boiler cycle
starts with feed pump which collects
Feed water from the tank which goes
to the feed preheater. Then it goes to
the water drum. From the water drum,
the water is now headed to the

Primary evaporator through the shell

which contains the combustion chamber.
After primary evaporator there is an
evaporating drum or steam generator
which contains the pressure gauge. There
is also another circuit which connects
evaporator to the feed preheater. Then the
circuit is connected to a superheater and
to the prime mover (turbine).

WORKING OF THE BOILER

 The Schmidt-hartmann
boiler is different from other boilers
because it uses Distilled water to generate
high pressure steamwhich is recalculated
without any wastage in the circuit. The
high pressure steam is utilized to generate
the low pressure steam from the impure
water.
Distilled water from water
drum enters the primary evaporating tubes
by heating in feed preheater and
combustion chamber by natural
circulation. Steam at 95-100 bar is
generated in the evaporating tubes with
the help of hot flue gasescirculatedover
the tubes from the combustion chamber
this steam enters via
primary separatorinto the tubes submerged
within the impure water of the evaporator
or steam generator drum. The exchange of
heat between high pressure steam and
impure water allows the water to be
converted to steam at a pressure of 55-60
bar which is further passed into the
superheater for further heating to get dry
steam from wet steam which is produced
from the evaporator or steam generator
drum.

The superheated steam is finally

supplied to the prime mover (steam
turbine). The condensate of high pressure
steam collected from the drum passes
through the feed water preheater where it
heats the low pressure feed water upto its
saturation temperature. The low pressure
feed water is pumped into preheater with
the feed pump.

ADVANTAGES OF SCHMIDT-
HARTMANN BOILER:
 I. Since if use distilled water in primary
circuit, there are less chances of
overheating or burning of the highly
heated components as there is no danger of
salt deposition.
II. There is no chance of interruption to the
circulation either by rust or other
material, due to use of distilled water in
the primary circuit.
III. The feed water outside the heating coil
and hence it is easy to remove salt
deposits.

IV. Due to high thermal and water

capacity, wide, fluctuations of load
are allowed without undue priming or
abnormal increase in the primary
pressure.
V. The absence of water risers in the drum,
and the moderate temperature difference
across the heating coil, allows evaporation
to proceed without priming.

DISADVANTAGES OF SCHMIDT-
HARTMANN BOILER:
I. Due to deposits in evaporator drum
because of impure water plant has to stop
 working often for cleaning.
II. Evaporating drum is used whis is expensive.
REFERENCES:
I. Many websites from google like
4mechtech.blogspot.com,www.faadooeng
ineers.com etc
II. Some e-books in pdf form