CLUSTER OF APPLIED SCIENCES

JANUARY 2020

XBBH 4103

BIO-HAZARDS MANAGEMENT

MATRICULATION NO : 841227025891001
IDENTITY CARD NO. : 841227-02-5891
TELEPHONE NO. : 011-26492816
E-MAIL : sivanes27@oum.edu.my

LEARNING CENTRE : Pulau Pinang

Contents

1.0 Introduction....................................................................................................................2

2.0 Aims and importance of the propose programs.............................................................2

3.0 Identification on target of participants...........................................................................3

3.1. Laboratory Worker and Researcher..........................................................................3
3.2. Support Personnel.....................................................................................................3

4.0 Proposal for working with infectious and potentially infectious agents/materials........4
and microbial toxins......................................................................................................4
4.1 Administrative controls.............................................................................................4
4.2 Engineering control...................................................................................................8
4.3 Standard Operating Procedure...................................................................................9
4.4 Personal Protection Controls...................................................................................10

5.0 Conclusion...................................................................................................................11

ATTACHMENT................................................................................................................13
Bibliography.................................................................................................................13

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1.0 Introduction

Safety is essential in laboratories of biological because of environment of numerous of

the organisms examined and studied, infectivity of many organisms and the high
concentrations involved. Backdated data and history has revealed lab employees highly
potential to get infected with the biological agents they regularly working with and such
occurrences prolonged to happen globally. These taints are known as Laboratory
Acquired Infections (LAI). Because of the variety of path agents are handled in
laboratories, LAI’s might be developed by routes not normally seen in environment.

Biosafety by means of a specialized or professional discipline has prolonged intensely

thru the 1990’s as a consequence of growing quantities of guidelines and regulations
focused in the direction of decreasing the possible for occupational sick or illness and
serious environmental impacts from biological materials and microorganisms starting
from numerous sources. (Gilpin)

2.0 Aims and importance of the propose programs

Biosafety is the collaborated with laboratory procedure and practice, laboratory services,
and safety gear when handling possibly infectious microbes. Succeeding biosafety
practices deliver safeguard for laboratories workers, the goods employees working with,
workmate inside the laboratory, people out from the laboratory (including families), and
the natures. Due to chemicals are likewise utilized in biological laboratories, chemical
safety essential to be observed as well. (Haley A. L.-R.)

The objectives of a laboratory safety program is to safeguard those involved in the

laboratory, others who might be exposed to threats from the laboratory, and the nature of
the workplace. Harmful substance or materials should be disposed or handled of in a such
way that living organisms or people and the surroundings are secured from harm.

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3.0 Identification on target of participants.

3.1. Laboratory Worker and Researcher

Lab workers and researchers in the work station or laboratory are on the preliminary
stage of safety. Therefore, they must participate most completely in the mitigation
process and hazard analysis. Researchers in lab have a responsibility and right a to ask
clarifying questions and challenging to make sure the range of work and controls and all
hazards are understood prior to begin an research protocol or experimentation. clear
Understanding to have by researchers is a must needed of safety measures, and they must
feel pleasant in carrying out the future experimentation or research using recognized
methods to reduce risks. They also must be committed to carrying out their experiment or
research in a method that has been prescribed in the study. Provide the frequently
changing environment of the experiment or research process; it is vital the lab worker or
scientist communicate unexpected or changing conditions and scope of work, so that
hazard analysis process can be altered, if required. As promoter for a solid safety values,
lab worker or the researcher has a accountability to dare others in the group of
researchers who are not functioning as per agreed upon or permitted controls. On the
other hand, they must be eager to agree challenges from, and execute in dialogues with
other colleagues regarding hazard analysis, as well as to share thoughts for enlightening
the control of hazards to the research group and to the person in charge.

3.2. Support Personnel

Support personnel (including chemical hygiene officers or safety, inspectors, industrial

hygienists or field surveyors) help to deliver assurance and quality control for the
procedures that happen in laboratories of research. The EHS personnel or facility with
appointed chemical hygiene responsibilities are vital associates in the growth of a culture
of safety in research institutions and universities. Moreover to the person routine
obligations (as stipulated by the regulations and institution), support personnel must

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aggressively take part in the hazard analysis procedure, as required. Their proficiency is
essential, particularly when requested by the staff from research, in terms of inspection
and endorsing the controls or protocols, which are established as a consequence of the
hazard analysis. Important part of the safety support staff at any research or academic
institution is in the zone of presume education, and in the transition of that new
knowledge both within the researchers community, as well the local EHS community.
They must make sure the research staff is up to date on recognizing local regulatory
necessities and barriers with which they might not be used to, and on the communication
and development of new approaches for mitigation and hazard analysis.

4.0 Proposal for working with infectious and potentially infectious agents/materials
and microbial toxins

This proposal identifies the fundemental administrative controls, standard operating

procedure, engineering controls, and personal protection control for storing, working
manipulating, handling, disposing and usage, of contagious and possibly infectious
materials / agents and infectious contaminants in the work station and laboratories. It is
the purpose of this proposal to stipulate non-exhaustive in nature and the minimum
requirements to be to tolerate for particular organizational and institutional deviations
meanwhile simultaneously ensuring consistency throughout the nation

4.1 Administrative controls

The affected organizational or institutional is the accountable body that make sure the
application of the guidelines and policy specified in this proposal. The affected
organization will function as the guardian for all the biosecurity and biosafety
administrative controls for the instittution. The next refer to the fundemental function and
purpose of the institute and its role as the biosecurity and biosafety administrative
controller;

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 i. Accountable for every issues relating to standard operating procedure (SOP),
policy, techniques and procedures. These include the growth, assessment, sanction,
observing and analyse.

ii. Includes of associates with expertise in plant/animal(if relevant), pathogens

human pathogens and a Biosafety Officer (BSO). Additional associates likewise
representative of laboratory, veterinarian, medical personnel, representative of
technical staff and management representatives may be included.

iii.Recommends and make sure that a biosafety risk assessment is carried out
preceding to the beginning of every task or activity encompassing contagious
agents and possibly infectious materials / agents and microorganism.

iv. Make sure workers employed with contagious and possibly infectious materials /
agents and microbial pollutants are accompanied in:-

a. Fundemental biosecurity and biosafety good laboratory practices / practices

b. Toxin or agent particular biosecurity and biosafety processes
c. Task soepcified training (likewise the correct usage of biological safety cabinet
(BSC), equipment handling, waste management, etc.).

The training itself delivers can be informal or formal but it is recorded or documented.
The organization to finalize the content, training, duration and methods make sure a
endless job realted safety training and re-training program.

v. Assesses the application of the biosecurity and biosafety training program. These
appraisal can be in the form of :

a. Measuring the trainees’ understanding to the instructions provided

b. Measuring the trainees’ re-collection and/or performance.

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Techniques for appraisal are to be defined by organization.

vi. Bring together proper access control and stages for work station whereby events
comprising contagious agents and possibly contagious materials / agents and contagious
contaminants are performed. These comprise as per following;

a. Appropriate signages’, shows any unusual situation for ingress with

emergency numbers and names of person incharge who controls entrée.

vii. Make sure that the appropriate procedures for conveyance of infectious means, which
comprise traceability of appropriate packaging, procedure, proper documentation and
movement are prepared. It witnesses that all international and domestic mobilization of
contagious and possibly contagious materials or agents and contagious contaminants
follows to local requirement and regulation as well as International Air Transport
Association (IATA) requirements and World Health Organization (WHO)

viii. Forms and introduces administrative controls for proper waste management,
disposal, decontamination and policy which contemplates the following;

a. Appropriate record keeping & decontamination of biological wastes as per

suggested in the recognized reference document
b. Sufficient procedure and facilities for short-term storage of wastes before
proceed with disposal.
c. Appropriate disposal or scheduled waste collection of waste and observing to
compliance to the regulations and policiesas per stipulated by the Department
of Environment, Malaysia.

ix. Make sure that all laboratories and work stations involved in dealing of contagious
and possibly contagious materials / agents and microbial contaminants have an
emergency response plan (ERP), and all thee person or employees invoveld in laboraties
section should aware on the plan.

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x. Institutes an emergency response team and activates local emergency bodies for the
management of an incident.

xi. Make sure that there are person in charge for documenting and reporting of incidents.

xii. Institutes an vaccination program where appropriate, essential or compulsory.

xiii. Institutes a medical observation program based on the the health conditions of the
infectious agent, involved personnel and type of activity.

xiv. Make sure that bio safety and biosecurity actions are ready and this comprised of;
a. Perimeter, safety containment zone, and infrastructure as physical security
b. Information security - comprises safeguard of the information material inventory
passwords and building security plan of storage site of contagious and possibly
contagious materials / agents and infectious contaminants.
c. Personnel security - comprises of circumstantial security clearances or inspection.
d. Traceability and accountability of all materials

xv. Delivers an yearly report on biosecurity and biosafety activities compliant with the
International Health Regulation (IHR) to the Ministry of Health Malaysia (MOH).
Fast improvement and development in rising nations have altered the market for food
produces. Nations like Malaysia currently find themselves take part in a worldwide
profession commerce in a extensive kind of foodstuffs. Even unpreserved products like
fresh vegetables and fresh seafood can be conveyed for extended distances and

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4.2 Engineering control

Physical suppression of contagious and possibly contagious materials / agents and

contagious contaminants founds most of the engineering controls identified in this
document. A minimum of BSL2 control facility and/or applies is essential for entire
events that comprise dealing of contagious material / agents of risk group 2 and above.
Particulars of the fundamental work station or laboratory containment services (BSL1,
BSL2, BSL3 and etc.) with respects to particular safety and security requirements, design
infrastructure are as suggested and meet the minimum requirement defined in the WHO
Laboratory Biosafety Manual and the applicable national regulations and guidelines. It is
suggested that facility is certified externally for fitness by a third party registered certifier
but it is not compulsory. This document nevertheless, specifies that;
i. Biosafety containment laboratory need to be appropriately maintained and
occasionally checked. Precautionary maintenance need to be practiced for an
example on ventilation heating, building, air-conditioning(HVAC), integrity
access door system pressure leakages rate, general building upkeep. electronic
sensors and pest control,

ii. Documents of the maintenance activities must be properly recorded and

maintained.

iii. Equipment in laboratory need to be appropriately kept, periodically checked and

calibrated. This contains but is not limited to biological safety cabinet (BSC),
centrifuge and autoclave. Whichever utensils that require endorsement must be re-
certified accordingly. Maintenance documents of the events must be appropriately
maintained and recorded.

iv. A secure and appropriate inventory and storage system is in place for every
biomaterials commensurately along the biosafety risk level. All biosecurity
actions are taken into consideration to avoid unlawful entry to contagious

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 biomaterials and agents containing of possibly contagious microbial toxins and
agents.

v. A effective and correct system for removal of every biomaterials commensurately

with the biosafety risk level is maintained and available as well.

4.3 Standard Operating Procedure

Standard operating procedures are set of regular directions for carrying out particular
task. It is expected to be reproducible when carry out by every person sternly complying
with instruction. There are general processes for carrying out repetitive laboratory task
and there are particular measures for the tasks encompassing specific microorganism
handling of toxins and pathogens. This manuscript knows the laboratory and institutional
differences in techniques on how related work is executed. Generally, nevertheless, GMT
need to be followed to when working with potentially infectious and contagious materials
/ agents and contagious toxins.

The organization should make sure that general SOP comprising SOP for each and every
single task related with contagious and possibly contagious materials / agents and
microbial contaminants for an example;
- hand washing;
- decontamination and sterilization;
- disinfection,
- donning and doffing;
- proper use of laboratory instruments and equipment pill and waste management;
- accidents and incidents including loss,
- entry and exit;
- transport and handling of infectious agents;
- theft;
- receiving and storage of infectious agents;

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 - collection, movement,
- emergency response plan)

As well as cause particular SOP are recognized. This instruction stipulates that;

i. SOP is written in language that is understood well by the performer.

ii. SOP is written based on actual activity performed.
iii. Appropriate and relevant SOP is used as basis for training of personnel.
iv. SOP is evaluated, validated, communicated, periodically reviewed and updated
and documented by the organization use based on the most acceptable recent
reference guidelines.
v. SOP is available and easily accessible to all laboratory personnel.

4.4 Personal Protection Controls

Personnel protective equipment (e.g. Goggles, gloves, clothing and respirator) is the last
resort control measure to ensure on the protection towards potential contact to microbial
toxins and contagious causes. It is intended to reduce the risk of unintentional exposure
after other controls including SOP, administrative and engineering controls, are present in
place. Proper utilization of PPE accompanied by the appropriate SOP, hence, is vital to
make sure workers protected. This standard states that;

i. Personal protective equipment is not to be utilized as substitute for other main

preventive measures or control.
ii. Proper good quality PPE commonly practiced along with assessment category of
biological safety risk. The proper PPE is as per suggested in the recognized
document of reference recorded.
iii. Periodic maintenance and inspection of all PPE gears is carried out. This
comprises recognizing faulty PPE and danger that may results from failure of
PPE, for an example impaired visibility or dexterity.

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 iv. PPE is properly utilized even in training and for contractors, visitors and staff.
v. Sufficient numbers of PPE are continuously to be maintained.

5.0 Conclusion

Biosafety by means of a specialized or professional discipline has prolonged intensely

thru the 1990’s as a consequence of growing quantities of guidelines and regulations
focused in the direction of decreasing the possible for occupational sick or illness and
serious environmental impacts from biological materials and microorganisms starting
from numerous sources.

Succeeding biosafety practices deliver safeguard for laboratories workers, the goods
employees working with, workmate inside the laboratory, people out from the laboratory
(including families), and the natures. The objectives of a laboratory safety program is to
safeguard those involved in the laboratory, others who might be exposed to threats from
the laboratory, and the nature of the workplace. Biosafety is the collaborated with
laboratory procedure and practice, laboratory services, and safety gear when handling
possibly infectious microbes.

On the other hand, they must be eager to agree challenges from, and execute in dialogues
with other colleagues regarding hazard analysis, as well as to share thoughts for
enlightening the control of hazards to the research group and to the person in charge.
Provide the frequently changing environment of the experiment or research process; it is
vital the lab worker or scientist communicate unexpected or changing conditions and
scope of work, so that hazard analysis process can be altered, if required. Clear
Understanding to have by researchers is a must needed of safety measures, and they must
feel pleasant in carrying out the future experimentation or research using recognized
methods to reduce risks. Researchers in lab have a responsibility and right a to ask
clarifying questions and challenging to make sure the range of work and controls and all
hazards are understood prior to begin an research protocol or experimentation.

11
Support Personnel Support personnel (including chemical hygiene officers or safety,
inspectors, industrial hygienists or field surveyors) help to deliver assurance and quality
control for the procedures that happen in laboratories of research. Important part of the
safety support staff at any research or academic institution is in the zone of presume
education, and in the transition of that new knowledge both within the researchers
community, as well the local EHS community. They must make sure the research staff is
up to date on recognizing local regulatory necessities and barriers with which they might
not be used to, and on the communication and development of new approaches for
mitigation and hazard analysis. Moreover to the person routine obligations (as stipulated
by the regulations and institution), support personnel must aggressively take part in the
hazard analysis procedure, as required. The EHS personnel or facility with appointed
chemical hygiene responsibilities are vital associates in the growth of a culture of safety
in research institutions and universities.

This proposal identifies the fundamental administrative controls, standard operating

procedure, engineering controls, and personal protection control for storing, working
manipulating, handling, disposing and usage, of contagious and possibly infectious
materials / agents and infectious contaminants in the work station and laboratories.

(2771 words)

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ATTACHMENT

REFERENCES

ACS_Chemical for life

Identifying and Evaluating Hazards in Research Laboratories

Bibliography

Gilpin, R. W. (kein Datum). Elements of a Biosafety Program.

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