DAY

CHAPTER-16
izkf;drk ,oa izkf;drk caVu (Probability & Probability Distribution)
16
Q.1. ,d dkys rFkk ,d yky ikls dks dze esa mNkyk x;k gSaA rc
(One black and one red die is thrown, then) %
i) iklksa ij izkIr vadksa dk ;ksx ls vf/kd gksus dh lizfrca/k izkf;drk Kkr dhft,] ;fn ;g Kkr gSa fd
dkys ikls ij vad izdV gqvk gSaA
[Find the Conditional probability of getting sum greater than 9, and it is given that 5
appeared on black die.]
ii) iklksa ij izkIr vadksa dk ;ksx gksus dh lizfrca/k izkf;drk Kkr dhft, ;fn ;g Kkr gSa fd
yky ikls ij izdV vad ls de gSaA
[Find the Conditional probability of getting sum 8, and it is given that the number
appeared on red die is less than 4]

Chapter 16: izkf;drk ,oa izkf;drk caVu (Probability & Probability Distribution)
Q.2. ,d U;k¸; ikls dks mNkyk x;k gSaA ?kVukvksa o ds fy,
fuEufyf[kr Kkr dhft, %
[A fair die is thrown. Event are defined o , then
find]

i) o(and) ii) o(and) iii) o(and)

Q.3. ,d fo|ky; esa fo|kFkhZ gSa] ftuesa ls yM+fd;k¡ gSaA ;g Kkr gSa fd esa ls yM+fd;k¡
d{kk& esa i<+rh gSaA D;k izkf;drk gSa fd ,d ;kn`PNrk pquk x;k fo|kFkhZ d{kk& esa i<+rk gSa ;fn ;g
Kkr gSa fd pquk x;k fo|kFkhZ yM+dh gSa \
[There are 1000 students in a school, out of them 430 are girls. It is given that out of 430
girls, 10% are in class 12th.Find the probability that a randomly selected student is
studying in class 12th and it is given that selected student is a girl.]
Q.4. ,d flDds dks mNkyus ds ijh{k.k ij fopkj dhft,A ;fn flDds ij fpr izdV gks] rks flDds dks iqu% mNkys
ijUrq ;fn flDds ij iV izdV gks rks ,d ikls dks Qsd
a sA ;fn ?kVuk ^de ls de ,d iV izdV gksuk* dk ?kfVr gksuk
fn;k x;k gSa] rks ?kVuk* ikls ij ls cM+k vad izdV gksuk* dh lizfrca/k izkf;drk Kkr dhft,A
[Consider an experiment of tossing a coin. If head appears on coin, then toss the coin
Step By Step Mathematics: Unique Way to Score 100% Marks in Board Examinations 39
 again and if tale appears throw a die. If an event “At least one tale appears” is given then
find the probability of the event “number appearing on die is greater than 4”.]
Q.5. ,d FkSys esa lQsn vkSj dkyh xsna s gSaA nks xsans ,d ds ckn ,d fudkyh tkrh gSa vkSj igyh xsna nwljh ds
fudkyus ls igys okil ugha j[kh tkrh gSa] rc igyh xsan ds lQsn rFkk nwljh xsna ds dkyh gksus dh izkf;drk Kkr
dhft,A
[A bag contains 10 white and 15 black balls. Two balls are drawn one by one and first ball is
not placed again in bag until second ball is drawn, then find the probability that first ball is
white and second is black.]
Q.6. iÙkksa dh vPNh rjg QsVa h xbZ rk’k dh xM~Mh esa ls ,d&,d djds rhu iÙks fcuk izfrLFkkiu ds fudkys x,A
buesa ls igys nks iÙkksa dk ckn’kkg rFkk rhljs iÙks dk csxe gksus dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft,A
[From a well shuffled deck of 52 cards, three cards are drawn one by one without
replacement. Find the probability that first two cards are kings and third is queen.]
Q.7. ?kVuk,¡ rFkk bl izdkj dh gSa fd , rFkk rc Kkr dhft,A
;fn %[Let A and B are the events such that , and then
find r, if]

Chapter 16: izkf;drk ,oa izkf;drk caVu (Probability & Probability Distribution)
i) ;s ?kVuk,¡ ijLij viothZ gSaA (They are are Mutually Exclusive)
ii) ;s ?kVuk,¡ Lora= gSaA (They are Independent Events)
Q.8. ;fn fdlh ;kn`fPNd iz;ksx ls lEc) rFkk Lora= ?kVuk,¡ gSa rks fl) dhft, %
[For any random experiment there are two events A and B, then prove that]

i) rFkk LorU= ?kVuk,¡ gSaA [ and are independent events]

ii) rFkk LorU= ?kVuk,¡ gSA [a and are independent events]

iii) rFkk Hkh LorU= ?kVuk,¡ gSaA [ and are independent events]
Q.9. ;fn ,d ikls dks rhu ckj mNkyk tk;s rks de ls de ,d ckj fo"ke la[;k izkIr gksus dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft,A
[If a die is thrown three times then find the probability of getting an odd number at least
once.]
Q.10. ,d Nk=kokl esa fo|kFkhZ fgUnh dk] vaxzsth dk vkSj nksuksa v[kckj i<+rs gSaA ,d Nk=k dks
;kn`PN;k pquk tkrk gSa %&[In a hostel 60% reads hindi,40% English and 20% both news papers.
Any student is selected at random]
i) izkf;drk Kkr dhft, fd og u rks fgUnh vkSj u gh vaxzsth dk v[kckj i<+rh gSaA

Step By Step Mathematics: Unique Way to Score 100% Marks in Board Examinations 40
 [Probability that she neither reads Hindi nor English news paper]
ii) ;fn og fgUnh dk v[kckj i<+rh gSa rks mlds vaxszth dk v[kckj Hkh i<+us okyh gksus dh izkf;drk Kkr
dhft,A [If she reads Hindi news paper then find the probability that she reads
English news paper]
iii) ;fn og vaxzsth dk v[kckj i<+rh gSa rks mlds fgUnh dk v[kckj Hkh i<+us okyh gksus dh izkf;drk Kkr
dhft,A [If she reads English news paper then find the probability that she reads
Hindi news paper]
Q.11. ,d FkSys esa lQsn rFkk dkyh xsna s gSaA FkSys esa ls xsans mÙkjksrj fcuk izfrLFkkiu ds fudkyh tkrh gSaA bu
xsna ksa ds ,dkUrjr% fofHkUu jaxksa ds gksus dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft,A
[A bag contains 5 white and 3 black balls. Four balls are drawn without replacement from
the bag. Find the probability that they are of different color alternatively.]
Q.12. ,d fo’ks"k dks vkSj }kjk Lora= :Ik ls gy djus dh izkf;drk,¡ dze’k% o gSaA ;fn nksuksa Lora=
:Ik ls leL;k dks gy djus dk iz;kl djrs gSa rks izkf;drk Kkr dhft, fd %
[A and B tries to solve a specific problem independently with the probability of ½ and 1/3.
Find the probability that]

Chapter 16: izkf;drk ,oa izkf;drk caVu (Probability & Probability Distribution)
i) leL;k gy gks tkrh gSaA[Problem is solved]
ii) muesa ls rF;r% dksbZ ,d leL;k gy dj ysrk gSaA [Exactly one of them solves the problem]
Q.13. ,d O;fDr ds ckjs esa Kkr gSa fd og esa ls ckj lR; cksyrk gSaA og ,d ikls dks mNkyrk gSa vkSj crykrk gSa
fd ml ij vkus okyh la[;k gSaA bldh izkf;drk Kkr dhft, fd ikls ij vkus okyh la[;k okLro esa gSaA
[It is known for a person that he speaks true 3 times out of 4 times. He throws a die and
tells that 6 appeared on die. Find the probability that the number appeared on die is
really 6.]
Q.14. ekukfd ,d ,p- vkbZ- oh- ijh{k.k dh fo’oluh;rk fuEufyf[kr izdkj ls fufnZ"V dh xbZ gSaA ,p- vkbZ- oh- iksftfVo
O;fDr;ksa ds fy, ijh{k.k lgh irk yxkrk gSa] ;kfu ,p- vkbZ- oh- usxfs Vo crkrk gSa tcfd ijhf{kr
O;fDr;ksa ds fy, ,p- vkbZ- oh- iksftfVo crkrk gSaA,d cM+h tula[;k] ftlesa O;fDr ,p- vkbZ- oh- xzflr gSa]
esa ls ,d O;fDr ;kn`PN;k pquk tkrk gSa vkSj ml dk ijh{k.k fd;k tkus ij jksxfoKkuh ,p- vkbZ- oh- dh mifLFkfr
crkrk gSa D;k izkf;drk gSa fd og O;fDr okLro esa ,p- vkbZ- oh- xzLr gSa \
Suppose that the reliability of a HIV test is specified as follows: Of peaopele having HIV,
90% of the test detects the disease but 10% go undetected. Of people free of HIV, 99% of
the test are judged HIV-ive but 1% are diagnosed as showing HIV+ive. From a large
Step By Step Mathematics: Unique Way to Score 100% Marks in Board Examinations 41
 population of which only 0.1% have HIV, one person is selected at random, given the HIV
test, and the pathologist reports him/her as HIV+ive. What is the probability that the
person actually has HIV.
Q.15. izFke FkSys esa yky vkSj dkyh xsna s gSa tcfd f}rh; FkSys esa yky vkSj dkyh xsna gSaA ,d xsan izFke FkSys ls
f}rh; FkSys esa LFkkukarfjr dh tkrh gSa vkSj rc ,d xsna dks f}rh; FkSys ls fudkyk tkrk gSaA fudkyh xbZ xsna yky
jax dh izkIr gksrh gSaA bl ckr dh D;k izkf;drk gSa fd LFkkukarfjr xsna dkyh gSa \
A bag contains 3 red , 4 black balls and another bag contains 4 red and 5 black balls.
One ball is transferred from bag 1 to bag 2, then one ball is drawn from bag 1 and is
found to be red. Find the probability that transferred ball is black.
Q.16. rhu flDds fn, x, gSa ,d flDds ds nksuksa vkSj fpÙk gSaA nwljk flDdk vfHkur gSa ftlesa fpr ckj izdV
gksrk gSa vkSj rhljk flDdk vufHkur gSaA rhuksa flDdksa esa ls ,d flDds dks ;kn`PN;k pquk x;k vkSj mls mNkyk
x;kA ;fn flDds ij fpr izdV gks rks bl ckr dh D;k izkf;drk gSa fd og nksuksa fpr okyk flDdk gSa \
[There are three coins. One is a two headed coin(having head on both faces), another is
a biased coin that comes up heads 75% of the time and third is an unbiased coin. One of
the three coins is chosen at random and tossed, it shows heads, what is probability that it
was the two headed coin?]

Chapter 16: izkf;drk ,oa izkf;drk caVu (Probability & Probability Distribution)
Q.17. fdlh fo’ks"k jksx ds lgh funku ds fy, jDr tk¡p vljnkj gSa] tc okLro esa jksxh ml jksx ls xzLr gksrk
gSaA fdUrq ckj fdlh LoLFk O;fDr dh jDr tk¡p djus ij funku xyr lwpuk nsrk gSa ;kfu O;fDr dks jksx ls
xzflr crkrk gSaA ;fn fdlh tula[;k esa O;fDr ml jksx ls xzLr gSa rks D;k izkf;drk gSa fd dksbZ ;kn`PN;k
pquk x;k O;fDr ml jksx ls xzLr gksxk \;fn mlds jDr dh tk¡p esa ;g crk;k tkrk gSa fd mls ;g jksx gSa\
[A laboratory blood test is 99% effective in detecting a certain disease whwn it is in fact
present. However the test also yields a false positive result for 0.5% of healthy person
tested(i.e. if a healthy person is tested, then, with probability 0.005, the test will imply he
has the disease). If 0.1 percent of the population actually has the disease, what is the
probability that a person has the disease given that his test result is positive?]
Q.18. ,d cgqfodYih iz’u dk mÙkj nsus esa ,d fo|kFkhZ ;k rks iz’u dk mÙkj tkurk gSa ;k og vuqeku yxkrk gSaA ekuk
fd fo|kFkhZ ds iz’u ds mÙkj Kkr gksus dh izkf;drk rFkk vuqeku yxkus dh izkf;drk gSaA ;g ekurs gq,
fd fo|kFkhZ ds iz’u dk mÙkj dk vuqeku yxkus ij lgh mÙkj nsus dh izkf;drk gSa] bl ckr dh D;k
izkf;drk gSa fd fo|kFkhZ iz’u dk mÙkj tkurk gSa ;fn ;g Kkr gSa fd mlus lgh mÙkj fn;k gSa \
[In answering a question on a multiple choice test, a student either knows the answer or

Step By Step Mathematics: Unique Way to Score 100% Marks in Board Examinations 42
 guesses. Let ¾ be the probability that he knows the answer and ¼ be the probability that
he guesses. Assuming that a student who guesses at the answer will be correct with the
probability ¼ . What is the probability that the student knows the answer given that he
answered it correctly.]
Q.19. iÙkksa dh ,d Hkyh&Hkk¡fr QsVa h xbZ xM~Mh esa ls ,d iÙkk [kks tkrk gSaA ’ks"k iÙkksa ls nks iÙks fudkys tkrs gSa tks
bZV ds iÙks gSaA [kks x;s iÙks ds bZV dk iÙkk gksus dh D;k izkf;drk gSa \
From the well shuffled deck of 52 cards, one card is lost. From remaining cards two cards
are drawn and found to be of diamond, then find the probability that lost card is of
diamond.
Q.20. ekuk fdlh ;kn`fPNd pqus x, fo|ky;h fnol esa i<+kbZ ds ?kaVksa dks ls n’kkZ;k tkrk gSaA ds eku ysus dh
izkf;drk fuEu gSa] tgk¡ ,d vKkr vpj gSaA
‘ [Let a random variable X denotes the number of study hours in a school day. Probability
that X takes value , where k is unknown constant:]

Chapter 16: izkf;drk ,oa izkf;drk caVu (Probability & Probability Distribution)
i) dk eku Kkr dhft,A (Find the value of k)
ii) bl ckr dh D;k izkf;drk gSa fd vki &(Find the probability that)
a) de ls de nks ?kaVs i<+rs gSa\ (You study at least two hours)
b) rF;r% nks ?kaVs i<+rs gSa\ (You study exactly two hours)
c) vf/kdre nks ?kaVs i<+rs gSa\ (You study maximum two hours)
Q.21. izFke N% /kuiw.kkZdksa esa ls nks la[;k,¡ ;kn`PN;k (fcuk izfrLFkkiu) pquh tkrh gSaA ekuk nksuksa la[;kvksa esa ls cM+h
la[;k dks O;Dr djrk gSaArc dk izlja .k Kkr dhft,A
[From the first six positive integers two numbers are chosen(without replacement) at
random. Let X denotes the larger of two numbers. Find the variance of X.]
Q.22. iklksa ds ,d tksM+s dks rhu ckj mNkyus ij f}dksa dh la[;k dk izkf;drk caVu Kkr dhft,A
[ A pair of dice is thrown three times, then find the probability distribution of doublets]
Q.23. rk’k ds iÙkksa dh ,d Hkyh&Hkk¡fr QsVa h xbZ xM~Mh esa ls nks iÙks mÙkjksrj fcuk izfrLFkkiu ds fudkys tkrs gSaA
ckn’kkgksa dh la[;k dk ek/;] izlj.k o ekud fopyu Kkr dhft,A
[From the well shuffled deck of 52 cards two cards two cards are drawn(without
Step By Step Mathematics: Unique Way to Score 100% Marks in Board Examinations 43
 replacement) then find the mean, variance and standard deviation for the number of
kings.]
Q.24. ,d O;fDr ds y{; Hksnu dh izkf;drk gSaA og de ls de fdruh ckj xksyh pyk, fd y{; dks de ls de
,d ckj Hksnus dh izkf;drk ls vf/kd gks \
[The probability of hitting a target by a person is ¼. How many times must he fire so that
the probability of hitting the target at least once is more than 90%.]
Q.25. [kjkc vaMksa okys ,d <sj ls vaMs mÙkjksrj izfrLFkkiu ds lkFk fudkys x, gSaA bl ckr dh D;k izkf;drk
gSa fd vaM+ksa ds izfrn’kZ esa de ls de ,d [kjkc vaMk gSaA
[Ten eggs are drawn successfully with replacement from a lot containing 10% defective
eggs. Find the probability that there is at least on defective egg.]
Q.26. ,d cgq&fodYih; ijh{kk esa iz’u gSa ftuesa izR;sd ds rhu laHkkfor mÙkj gSa ftuesa ls dsoy ,d gh lgh mÙkj gSa
bldh D;k izkf;drk gSa fd ,d fo|kFkhZ dsoy vuqeku yxk dj pkj ;k vf/kd iz’uksa ds lgh mÙkj ns nsxk \
[In a MCQ type examination there are 5 questions having three possible answers out of
which only one is correct. Find the probability that a students would get 4 or more
correct answers just by guessing.]

Chapter 16: izkf;drk ,oa izkf;drk caVu (Probability & Probability Distribution)
Q.27. rk’k ds iÙkksa dh ,d Hkyh&Hkk¡fr QsVa h xbZ xM~Mh esa ls iÙks mÙkjksrj izfrLFkkiu lfgr fudkys tkrs gSaA bldh
D;k izkf;drk gSa fd % [ From the deck of 52 well shuffled cards 5 cards are drawn with
replacement, find the probability that:]

i) lHkh iÙks gqdqe ds gks \ [All 5 cards are ]

ii) dsoy iÙks gqdqe ds gks \ [Only 3 cards are ]
iii) ,d Hkh iÙkk gqdqe dk ugha gks \ [No card is of ]
Q.28. ekuk pj dk caVu f}in caVu gSa fl) dhft, fd vf/kdre izkf;drk okyk ifj.kke gSaA
[Let binomial distribution of a random variable X is . Then rove that has
maximum probability]
Q.29. iklksa ds ,d tksM+s dks ckj mNkyk tkrk gSaA ;fn iklksa ij izkIr vadksa dk f}d gksuk lQyrk ekuh tk, rks
lQyrkvksa dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft,A
[A pair of dice is thrown four times. If a doublet is success, then find the probability of
two success.

Step By Step Mathematics: Unique Way to Score 100% Marks in Board Examinations 44
Q.30. f}in caVu dk ek/; Kkr dhft,A [Find the mean of the binomial distribution
.]
Q.31. rhu O;fDr rFkk ckjh&ckjh ls ,d flDdk mNkyrs gSaA ftlds igys fpr vkrk gSa ogh thrrk gSaA ;g
ekurs gq, fd [ksy vfuf’pr dky rd tkjh jgrk gSa] ;fn [ksyuk vkjaHk djrk gks rks mudh thr dh izkf;drk,¡
Kkr dhft,A
[Three persons tosses a coin one by one. One who gets head first he wins. Let us assume
game continues infinite times, then find the probability of their winning if A starts the
game.]
Q.32. fdlh O;fDr us ,d fuekZ.k dk;Z dk Bsdk fy;k] ogk¡ gM+rky gksus dh izkf;drk gSaA gM+rky u gksus rFkk
gM+rky gksus dh fLFkfr;ksa esa fuekZ.k dk;Z ds le;kuqlkj iw.kZ gksus dh izkf;drk,¡ dze’k% rFkk gSaAfuekZ.k
dk;Z ds le;kuqlkj iw.kZ gksus dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft,A
[A person has taken a construction job. The probabilities are 0.65 that there will be strike.
0.80 that the construction job will be completed on time if there is no strike, and 0.32 that
the construction job will be completed on time if there is a strike. Determine the
probability that the construction job will be completed on time.]

Chapter 16: izkf;drk ,oa izkf;drk caVu (Probability & Probability Distribution)
Q.33. ,d ijh{kk esa ,d cgqfodYih; iz’u ftlds pkj fodYi gSa dk mÙkj nsus esa ,d fo|kFkhZ ;k rks vuqeku yxkrk gSa ;k
udy djrk gSa ;k iz’u dk mÙkj tkurk gSaA fo|kFkhZ ds }kjk vuqeku yxkus rFkk udy djus dh izkf;drk,¡ dze’k%
o gSaA mlds }kjk lgh mÙkj fn, tkus dh izkf;drk gSa] tcfd ;g Kkr gSa fd mlus udy dh
gSaA fo|kFkhZ ds }kjk iz’u dk mÙkj tkuus dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft, tcfd ;g Kkr gSa fd mlus lgh mÙkj fn;k
gSaA
[In a test, an examine either guesses or copies or knows the answer to a multiple choice
question with four choices. The probability that he makes a guess is 1/3 and the
probability that he copies the answer is 1/6. The probability that his answer is correct,
given that he copied it, is 1/8. Find the probability that he knew the answer to the
question, given that he correctly answered it.]
Q.34. ,d fuekZrk ds ikl rhu ;U= lapkyd rFkk gSaA izFke lapkyd =qfViw.kZ oLrq,¡ mRikfnr djrk gSa]
tcfd vU; nks lapkyd rFkk dze’k% rFkk =qfViw.kZ oLrq,¡ mRikfnr djrs gSaA dk;Z ij dqy le;
dk yxkrk gSa] dqy le; dk dqy le; dk yxkrk gSaA ;fn ,d =qfViw.kZ oLrq mRikfnr
gSa rks bldh D;k izkf;drk gSa fd ;g ;a= ls mRikfnr gSa \
[A manufacturer has three machine operators A,B and C. The first operator A produces 1%

Step By Step Mathematics: Unique Way to Score 100% Marks in Board Examinations 45
 defective items, whereas the other two operators B and C produces 5% and 7% defective
items respectively. A is on the job for 50% of the time, B on the job for 30% of time and C
on the job for 20% of the time. A defective item is produced. What is the probability that
it was produced by A?]
Q.35. fdlh ;kn`fPNd pj dk izkf;drk caVu fuEu gSa] tgk¡ dksbZ la[;k gSa [Let a random variable X
denotes the number of study hours in a school day. Probability that X takes value ,
where k is unknown constant:]

i) dk eku Kkr dhft,A (Find the value of k)

ii) rFkk dk eku Kkr dhft,A
[Find and .

Chapter 16: izkf;drk ,oa izkf;drk caVu (Probability & Probability Distribution)

Step By Step Mathematics: Unique Way to Score 100% Marks in Board Examinations 46