Unit 02 PDF

BDwbU
evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl
Agriculture of Bangladesh 2
f~wgKv
mvaviY A‡_© K…wl ej‡Z f~wg Kl©b K‡i dmj djv‡bv eySvq| wKš‘ A_©b xwZ‡Z K…wl K_vwU Av‡iv e¨vcK A‡_©
eëüZ nq| A_©bxwZ‡Z cky cvjb †_‡K ïiæ K‡i km¨ Drcv`b, ebvqb, LwbR I grm m¤ú` AvniY cÖf…wZ mKj
cÖKvi cÖvK…w ZK m¤ú` AvniY cÖwµqv‡K K…wli AšÍf©y³ Kiv nq| evsjv‡`k GKwU K…wl cÖavb †`k| K…wl †`‡ki
A_©bxwZi GKwU Acwinvh© Dcv`vb|
BDwbU mgvwßi mgq BDwbU mgvwßi m‡ev©”P mgq 7 w`b
GB BDwb‡Ui cvVmg~n
cvV 2.1: K…wli KvVv‡gv I êwkó¨
cvV 2.2: K„wl Lvgvi I K…wl RvZ
cvV 2.3: K…wlc‡Yï wecbY mgm¨v
cvV 2.4: K…wlLv‡Z cwieZ©‡bi MwZaviv
cvV 2.5: K…wl FY I K…wl DcKiY weZiY
cvV 2.6: km¨ eûgyLxKiY I †mP myweav m¤úªm viY
cvV 2.7: Avay wbK K…wl eë¯’ v
GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg
cvV 2.1 K…wli KvVv‡gv I êwkó¨

Structure and Features of Agriculture
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l wkÿv_© xiv-
 evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl KvVv‡gvi weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb;
 evsjv‡`‡ki K…wli êwkó¨mg~n eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 evsjv‡`‡ki K…wli Dcv`vbmg~‡ni weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb;
 wRwWwc‡Z K…wli Dcv`vbmg~‡ni Ae`v‡bi wPÎ Zz‡j ai‡Z cvi‡eb|
g~jcvV-
evsjv‡`k GKwU K…wl cÖa vb †`k| K„wl evsjv‡`‡ki A_©b xwZi cÖa vb Kg©KvÛ Ges PvwjKvkw³| Drcv`bkxjZv I
Avq e„ w× Ges Mª vgxY GjvKvq Kg©ms¯’ vb m„wói gva¨‡g wekvj Rb‡Mvôxi mg„w×i Rb¨ K…wli ¸iæZ¡ c~Y© f~wgKv i‡q‡Q|
†`‡ki wRwWwc‡Z K…wl LvZ (dmj,grm¨, cÖvwYm¤ú` Ges eb) ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb iv‡L| kÖg kw³i cÖvq A‡a©K
Kg©ms¯’vb †hvMvb †`q Ges K…wl wfwËK wkí cÖw Zôv‡bi cÖ avb Ku vPvgvj mieivn K‡i| K…wl mvgvwRK Kg©Kv‡Ûi GK
we‡kl †ÿ‡Î hv RbM‡bi Lv`¨ I cywói wbðqZv, Av‡qi my‡hvM m„wó Ges `vwi`ª¨ n«vmKi‡Yi gZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
welq¸‡jvi mv‡_ I‡Zv‡cªvZfv‡e RwoZ| GQvov, K…wl wewfbœ ai‡bi †fvM¨c‡Yï we‡kl K‡i MÖvgxY GjvKvq
†fv³v‡ì Pvwn`vwfwËK gvjvgv‡ji Drm| ZvB MÖvgxY `vwi`ª¨ n«vmKi‡Y K…wl‡ÿ‡Îi Dbœqb Ges Gi cÖe„w× Z¡ivwš^Z
Kiv Acwinvh©|
evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl KvVv‡gv:
evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡Z K…wli Ae¯’vb I ¸iæZ¡, Drcv`‡bi D‡Ïk¨, f~wg¯^ Z¡ eë¯’ v, Lvgv‡ii AvqZb, Drcv`b
eë¯’v, K…wli wewfbœ DcLv‡Zi Zzjbvg~jK ¸iæZ¡ BZ¨vw` w`‡q MwVZ K…wl Lv‡Zi mvwe©K Ae¯’ v‡K evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl
KvVv‡gv ey Svq| cÖvK…w ZK I mvgvwRK cwi‡ek Ges A_©bxwZi Dbœqb ¯Íi K„wl KvVv‡gv‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i e‡j
†`k‡f‡` Gi cÖK…wZ wfbœ nq| wb‡P evsjv‡`‡ki A_©b xwZi K…wl KvVv‡gv Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv:
1. f~wg Kl©Y: evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk K…lK wb‡Ri Rwg Pvl K‡i| G ai‡bi gvwjK Pvlxi Øviv Avgv‡ì †gvU
Avev`‡hvM¨ Rwgi cÖvq 75 kZvsk Kwl© Z nq| G Qvov Av‡Q eM©vPvlx hviv wbw`©ó k‡Z© A‡bï Rwg Pvl K‡i|
evsjv‡`‡ki 20 kZvsk Avevw` Rwg eM©v Pv‡li Aax‡b i‡q‡Q| Avevi A‡bK mgq F‡Yi cÖ‡qvR‡b Rwgi
gvwjK Rwg eÜK w`‡q FY MÖnb K‡i| Giƒc †ÿ‡Î FY`vZv FY cwi‡kva bv nIqv ch©šÍ RwgPvl Ki‡Z
_v‡K| Avevi wKQz wKQz †ÿ‡Î K…lK GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡qi Rb¨ c~e© wba©vwiZ A_© wKsev dm‡ji wewbg‡q A‡bï
Rwg fvov wb‡q Pvl K‡i|
2. Pvl c×wZ: Avgvv‡ì †`‡k GLbI cyivZb Pvlvev` c×wZi cÖvavb¨ i‡q‡Q| Avgv‡ì K…lK GLbI jvOj
Miæi mvnv‡h¨ Rwg Pvl K‡i| DbœZ Rv‡Zi exR I ivmvqwbK mv‡ii eënvi Kg| Z‡e eZ©gv‡b D”P djbkxj
exR cÖP wjZ nIqvq Avgv‡ì K…w li Avay wbKxKi‡Yi hvÎv ïiæ n‡q‡Q|
3. Rwg-RbmsL¨v AbycvZ: K…wli Dci AZ¨waK wbf©ikxjZvi Rb¨ evsjv‡`‡k Rwg-RbmsL¨v AbycvZ
( AZ¨šÍ wb¤œ| †`‡ki cÖ vq 77 kZvsk gvbyl MÖv‡g evm K‡i Ges K…wlB Zv‡ì cÖavb
DcRxweKv| d‡j cwiev‡ii mK‡jB ÿz`ªvqZb ˆcwÎK Rwg Pvl K‡i| weKí wb‡qv‡Mi Afv‡e Avgv‡ì
BDwbU `yB c„ôv-46

A_©bxwZ 2q cÎ
K…wl‡Z eû AcÖ‡qvRbxq kÖwgK wb‡qvwRZ i‡q‡Q| d‡j Rwg‡Z wb‡qvwRZ kÖwg‡Ki wKQz As‡ki cÖ vwšÍK Dcv`vb
k~b¨| ZvB Avgv‡ì K…wl‡Z QÙ‡ekx †eKvi‡Z¡i cÖ‡Kvc Lye †ewk|
4. Lvgvi eë¯’ v: evsjv‡`‡k Rxeb avi‡Yvc‡hvMx Lvgvi eë¯’v (Subsistence farming) cÖPwjZ i‡q‡Q| Rxeb
avi‡bvc‡hvMx Lvgv‡i cwiev‡i fiY-‡cvl‡Yi Rb¨ †h wewfbœ dm‡ji cÖ‡qvRb nq m¤¢e n‡j Zv cÖ vq mKjB
GKB Lvgv‡i Drcv`b Kivi †Póv Kiv nq| G‡`‡k GLbI evwbwR¨K Lvgvi eë¯’v (Commercial farming)
cÖmvi jvf K‡i wb|
5. Lvgv‡ii AvqZb: AvqZb Abyhvqx evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl Lvgvi¸‡jv‡K 4 fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ 0.05-
0.49 GK‡ii Lvgvi ¸‡jv cÖvwšÍK Lvgvi, 0.50-2.49 GK‡ii Lvgvi¸‡jv ÿz`ªvqZb Lvgvi, 2.50-7.49
GKi AvqZ‡bi LvgviM‡jv gvSvwi Ges 7.50 GKi n‡Z Av‡iv eo AvKv‡ii Lvgvi¸‡jv e„n `vqZb Lvgv‡ii
AšÍfz©³|
6. f~wg e›Ub: evsjv‡`‡ki f~wge›Ub eë¯’vq cÖ PÛ êlg¨ i‡q‡Q| 2005 mv‡j D”P `vwi`ª¨ †iLv eënvi K‡i
`vwi`ª¨ cwigv‡c †`Lv hvq †h, †`‡ki cÖvq 46.3 kZvsk RbMbB f~ wgnxb| Avevi mvgvb¨ n‡jI Rwg Av‡Q
Ggb K…wl Lvgvi¸‡jv‡K AšÍ fz©³ K‡i cwiPvwjZ Agriculture sample survey of Bangladesh-2005
ch©v‡jvPbvq †`Lv hvq †h, †`‡ki 62.17 kZvsk Lvgv‡ii AvqZb GK GK‡ii wb‡P| A_© vr G mKj Lvgv‡ii
gvwjKiv mK‡jB ÿz`ª I cÖ vwšÍK Pvlx| Dc‡ii cwimsL¨vb n‡Z †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, †`‡ki cÖ vq A‡a©K RbMYB
f~wgnxb| Avevi hv‡ì f~wg Av‡Q Zv‡ìI AwaKvsk bMY¨ cwigvY Rwgi gvwjK|
7. K…wl c‡Yï aiY: evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl‡Z `y ai‡bi dmj Drcvw`Z nq,h_v: (K) Lv`¨ km¨ Ges (L) A_©Kix
dmj avb, Mg, f~Æv, Wvj, ˆZjexR, kvK-mewR, djg~j cÖf…wZ cÖavb Lv`¨km¨| Ab¨w`‡K A_©Kix dm‡ji
g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q cvV, Bÿz, †ikg, Zzjv, BZ¨vw`| ZvQvov K… lK Zvi evwoi Avw½bvq Miæ, gwnl, nuvm-gyiwM cvjb
K‡i| Zv‡e evwbwR¨K wfwË‡Z cï cvjb I nu vm-gyiwMi Lvgv‡ii msL¨v GLbI LyeB Kg|
8. RvZxq A_©b xwZ‡Z K…wli Ae`vb: K…wl evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZi cÖ avb LvZ| †`‡ki kÖg kw³i cÖvq 49 kZvsk
K…wl Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ i‡q‡Q| 2014-2015 A_©eQ‡i evsjv‡`‡ki †`kR Drcv`‡bi (wR.wW.wc) grm¨
LvZmnK…wl Lv‡Zi Ae`vb wQj 16.00 kZvsk| K…wl Drcv`‡bi Dci evsjv‡`‡ki cÖe„ w×i nvi wbf©i K‡i|
dmj fvj n‡j cÖe„w×i nvi ev‡o Ges km¨nvwb‡Z cÖe„w×i nvi n«vmcvq|
9. K…wli DcLvZ: c~‡e© K…wli wewfbœ DcLvZ wn‡m‡e km¨/dmj,grm¨, cï, I ebRm¤ú`‡K we‡ePbv Kiv n‡Zv|
eZ©gv‡b K…wli DcLvZ n‡jv km¨ I kvKmewR, cÖvwY m¤ú` Ges ebR m¤ú`| grm¨ m¤ú` eZ©gv‡b DbœZ
K…wl LvZ|
10. Lv`¨km¨ Drcv`b : Avwki `k‡Ki cÖvi‡¤¢ (1980/81) Pv‡ji Drcv`b wQj cÖ vq 139 jÿ †gwUªK Ub| GLb
wewfbœ Kvi‡Y Avev`‡hvM¨ Rwgi cigvb n«vm †c‡jI G Drcv`b 2014/15 mv‡j `vuo vq 384.19 jÿ †gwUªK
Ub| Gmgq Mg 13.48 I f~Æ v 23.61 jÿ †g. Ub Drcv`b n‡q‡Q|
11. Lv`¨km¨ Avg`vwb: 1995/96 mv‡j †gvU Lv`¨ Avg`vwbi cwigvY wQj 24.27 jÿ †g. Ub| 2013/14
A_©eQ‡i Zv ù vovq 31.24 jÿ †g. Ub (Pvj 3.74 jÿ †g.Ub Ges Mg 27.50 jÿ †g. Ub)| RbmsL¨v
A‡bK e„w× †c‡jI Af¨šÍixY Lv`¨ Drcv`b e„w×i Kvi‡Y Avg`vwbi cwigvb †m nv‡i ev‡owb|
12. exR Drcv`b: evsjv‡`‡k K…w l Dbœ qb K‡c©v‡ikb (weGwWwm) mviv †`‡k 24 wU `vbv km¨ exR Drcv`b Lvgvi,
2wU cvU exR Drcv`b Lvgvi, 2wU Avjy exR Drcv`b Lvgvi,3wU Wvj I ˆZj exR Drcv`b Lvgvi,2wU mewR
exR Drcv`b Lvgvi, I 73wU Pzw³e× Pvwl †Rv‡bi gva¨‡g exR Drcv`b Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡K| G
Qvov, 9wU D`¨vb Dbœqb †K›`ª I 14wU G‡MÖv mvwf©m †m›Uv‡ii gva¨‡g Drcvw`Z wewfbœ dm‡ji Pviv, Kjg,
¸U BZ¨vw` Drcv`b I Pvwl ch©v‡q weZiY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡Q|
13. †mP: êwk¦K DÂvqb,Rjevqy cwieZ© b, AvšÍR© vwZK b`x‡Z cvwb cÖevn n« vm BZ¨vw` welq we‡ePbvq †i‡L f~-
Mf©¯’ cvwbi Pvc Kgv‡bvi j‡ÿ¨ Ges f~-Dci¯’ cvwb msiÿY I eënv‡i AcPq n«v‡mi gva¨‡g K…wl Drcv`b
e„w×i j‡ÿ¨ †mPK…Z Rwgi cwigvb e„w× †c‡q‡Q| 2004-05 I 2014-15 A_©eQ‡i †mPf~³ GjvKv wQj
h_vµ‡g 46.52 I 54.48 jÿ †n±i|

14. K…wl FY: †`‡ki Lv`¨ wbivcËv †Rvi`vi Z_v mvwe©K Av_©-mvgvwRK Dbœq‡b K…wlLvZ Ges cjø x AÂ‡ji f~wgKv
mgybœZ ivLvi j‡ÿ¨ K…wl F‡Yi f~wgKv ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| 2001-02 weZiY A_©eQ‡i K…wlFY Kiv n‡h‡Q 3019.67
†KvwU UvKv hv 2014-15 A_©eQ‡i cÖ vq 15,978.46 †KvwU UvKvq DËxY© nq|
15. miKv‡ii AskMÖnb: evsjv‡`‡k K…wlKvR m¤ú~Y©i‡~ c †emiKvix D‡`¨v‡M cwiPvwjZ n‡jI G‡ÿ‡Î miKv‡ii
mwµq mn‡hvMxZv i‡q‡Q| K…wl Drcv`b we‡kl K‡i K‡i Lv‡`¨vrcv`b e„w×i Rb¨ K…wl‡Z AvaywbKxKi‡Yi †h
D‡`¨vM †bqv n‡q‡Q Zv‡Z miKvwi AskMÖnb ¸iæZ¡ c~Y©| K…wl Lv‡Zi mvwe©K Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ ÿy`ª †mP m¤úªmviY,
Rjve×Zv wbimb,DbœZgv‡bi I D”Pdjbkxj exR Drcv`b,msiÿY I weZiY cÖ f…wZ Kvh©µg MÖnb Kiv
n‡q‡Q| cigvby I ev‡qv‡UK‡bvjwR c×wZ eënvi K‡i KxU-cZ½ I †ivM evjvB gy³, Liv jeYv³Zv
mwnòz,AvenvIqv cwi‡ek Dc‡hvMx Ges ¯^í mg‡q dmj cvIqv hvq G j‡ÿ¨ wewfbœ kmëx‡Ri Dci M‡elYv
cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q|
evsjv‡`‡ki K„wli êwkó¨mg~n

evsjv‡`k K…wl cÖavb n‡jI Avgv‡ì K…wleë¯’v Abybœ Z| d‡j evsjv‡`‡ki K…wli KZ¸jv cv_©K¨ m~PK êwkó¨ †`Lv
hvq Zv nj:
1. cÖvPxb Pvl c×wZ: hvwš¿K mf¨Zvi hy‡MI evsjv‡`‡k GLbI gvÜvZv Avg‡ji Kv‡Vi jvOj Ges RxY©wkY© Miy
Øviv Pvlvev` Kiv nq| DbœZ gv‡bi exR I mvi Ges wKUbvkK Jlac‡Îi eënvi LyeB Kg| Pv‡li Rwg‡Z
cvwb mieiv‡ni Rb¨ G‡`‡ki K…l‡Kiv cÖK…w Zi †Lqvj Lywki Dci wbf©ikxj|
2. K…lK‡ì wb¤œ Drcv`b ÿgZv: evsjv‡`‡ki K…l‡Kiv AZ¨šÍ `wi`ª| Rxebavi‡bi Rb¨ †gŠwjK cÖ‡ qvRb
Lv`¨, e¯¿ I evm¯’vb †_‡K AwaKvsk K„lK ewÂZ| wkÿv I wPwKrmvi my‡hvM MÖn‡b Aÿg| cywónxbZv
Zv‡ì wbZ¨ mv_x Ges fMœ ¯^v¯’¨ Zv‡ì m¤^j| d‡j Drcv`b ÿgZv Zv‡ì LyeB Kg|
3. Abvev`x Rwg: evsjv‡`‡ki Avev`x Rwgi cwigvY AZ¨šÍ Aí| cÖ vq 16 †KvwU †jv‡Ki gvÎ 2 †KvwU 25 jÿ
GKi Rwg Pvlvev‡ì Dc‡hvMx| A_P Pvl Dc‡hvMx cÖ vq 25 jÿ GKi Rwg Abvev`x Ae¯’ vq i‡q‡Q| ïay
ZvB bq, G Aí Pv‡li Rwg †_‡KI cÖw ZeQi wewfbœ Kvi‡Y K‡qK jÿ GKi Rwg cwZZ _v‡K|
4. Rxeb avi‡Yi wbwg‡Ë Drcv`b: Av‡gwiKv, KvbvWv, A‡÷ªwjqv I Ab¨vb¨ DbœZ †`‡ki K…wlKvh© evwYwR¨K
wfwË‡Z cwiPvwjZ nq| wKš‘, evsjv‡`‡k Lye Kg K… lK cwievi fiY‡cvl‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq k‡mï
AwZwi³ km¨ Drcv`b K‡i _v‡K|
5. f~wgnxb K…lK: evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl eë¯’vi Avi GKwU ˆbivk¨RbK w`K n‡jv f~wgnxb K…l‡Ki Aw¯Í Z|¡
evsjv‡`‡ki 50 kZvs‡ki I AwaK K„lK cwievi Kvh©Z f~wgnxb| Zviv A‡bï Rwg‡Z Pvlvev` K‡i| GB
mg¯Í f~wgnxb K…l‡Kiv ¯^ vfvweK fv‡eB K…wlKv‡R †Zgb Drmvn †eva K‡ib bv| Avgv‡ì †`‡k RbmsL¨v
e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ f~wgnxb K…l‡Ki msL¨v w`b w`b e„w× cv‡”Q|
6. gv_vwcQz Rwgi cwigvb Kg: evsjv‡`‡k gv_vwcQz Mo Rwgi cwigvb 25 kZvs‡ki gZ| LyeB Kg msL¨K
K…lK cwievi K…wl A_©‰bwZK †Rv‡Zi AwaKvwi|
7. cÖK…wZi Dci wbf©ikxjZv: evsjv‡`‡ki K„lK‡ì Pvlvev` Ki‡Z †h cvwbi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o Zvi Rb¨ Zviv
cÖK…wZi Dci wbf©i K‡i| `wÿY cwðg †gŠmywg evqyi cÖfv‡e evsjv‡`‡k e„wócvZ nq| G e„wócv‡Zi Dci
evsjv‡`‡ki K…l‡Kiv Rwg Pvlvev‡ì Rb¨ wbf©ikxj| wKš‘ G e„wócv‡Zi †Kvb wbðqZv †bB| Abve„ wó,
AwZe„wó I Amg‡q e„wó n‡j K…wli Drcv`b A¯^vfvweKfv‡e Kg nq|
8. GK dmj Drcv`b: evsjv‡`‡k AwaKvsk Rwg‡Z kyaygvÎ GKwU dmj Drcv`b Kiv nq| wKšÍy DbœZ †`‡ki
Rwg‡Z GKvwaK dmj Drcv`b Kiv nq|
9. Lv`¨k‡mï cÖvavb¨: Avgv‡ì K…wl‡Z Lv`¨k‡mï Pvl‡ewk Ges A_©Kix dm‡ji Pvl Kg| KviY Mwie
K„l‡Kiv g~jZ cwiev‡ii Lv‡`ï Pvwn`v †gUv‡bvi ci Aewkó Rwg‡Z A_©Kix dmj Pvl K‡i|

A_©bxwZ 2q cÎ
10. `y‡h©vM KewjZ K…w l: cÖvK…w ZK `y‡h©v‡Mi wkKv‡i evsjv‡`‡ki K…wli Drcv`b A‡bK mgq AZ¨šÍ Kg nq|
eb¨v, NywY©So, mvgyw`ªK R‡jv”Q¡vm cÖ f…wZ cÖvK…w ZK `y‡h© vM †Zv Av‡QB| Zv QvovI Av‡Q wKUcZ‡½i
AvµgY| G mKj Kvi‡Y cÖwZeQi A‡bK dmj bó nq|
11. kÖg wbweo cÖhyw³: evsjv‡`‡ki K…l‡Kiv LyeB Mwie ZvQvov Rbeûj G †`kwU‡Z kÖg LyeB m¯Ív| ZvB
Avgv‡ì K…w l‡Z g~jZ AvaywbK hš¿ cvwZi cwie‡Z© kÖg wbweo cÖhyw³ eëüZ nq|
12. fvM Pvl c×wZ: fvM ev eM©v Pvl K…wli GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© êwkó¨ abx K…l‡Kiv A‡bK mgq wb‡Riv Rwg
Pvlvev` K‡i bv| eM©v Pvlxiv G mKj Rwg gvwjK‡K dm‡ji GKwU wbw`©ó Ask †`qvi k‡Z© Pvl K‡i|
mvaviYZ eM©v Pvwliv Rwgi DbœwZ Ki‡Z AvMÖnx nq bv|
13. QÙ‡ekx †eKvi: ewa©Z RbmsL¨vi Pv‡c Ges K…wl Qvov Ab¨Lv‡Z Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hv‡Mi mxgve×Zvi Rb¨
K…wl‡Z cÖ‡qvR‡bi †P‡q †ewk kÖwg‡Ki mgv‡ek N‡U| wKš‘ Gi d‡j Drcv`b e‡o bv| RbmsL¨v e„w× I
K…wli AvaywbKxKi‡Yi mv‡_ Giƒc QÙ‡ekx †eKv‡ii msL¨v µgvMZ evo‡ZB _v‡K|
14. wb¤œgv‡bi km¨ Drcv`b: evsjv‡`‡ki K…l‡Kiv Dbœ Z †`‡ki Zzjbvq wb¤œgv‡bi km¨ Drcv`b K‡i| d‡j
K…l‡Kiv evRvi g~j¨ A‡cÿv Zv‡ì Drcvw`Z k‡mï Rb¨ Kg g~j¨ cvq|ZvQvov G‡`‡k Av‡iv A‡bK Lv`¨
km¨ Drcv`b Kiv nq hvi Lv`¨ g~j¨ AZ¨šÍ Kg|
15. AwZwi³ DcwefvM I wew”Qbœ Zv: evsjv‡`‡ki K„wl Rwg‡Z AwZwi³ DcwefvM I wew”QbœZv †`Lv hvq| d‡j
AvaywbK c×wZ‡Z Pvlvev` Kiv AmyweavRbK|
16. A`ÿ K…wl kÖwgK: evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvq me K…l‡Kiv A`ÿ I AwkwÿZ; K„wli Drcv`b †ÿ‡Î Zv‡ì †Kvb
cÖKvi KvwiMwi Ávb †bB | KviY evsjv‡`‡k mvaviY wkÿv I K…wl wkÿvi my‡hvM myweav AZ¨šÍ Kg|
ms‡ÿ‡c G¸‡jvB g~jZ evsjv‡`‡ki K…wli êwkó¨
evsjv‡`‡ki K„wli DcLvZmg~n

evsjv‡`‡ki K…wlLvZ wZbwU cÖa vb DcLvZ wb‡q MwVZ| G¸‡jv n‡jv: (K) km¨ I kvK-mewR, (L) cÖvwYm¤ú` I
(M) ebR m¤ú`| wKš‘ mvwe©K K…wl Lv‡Zi g‡a¨ grm¨ m¤ú`‡K GKwU DcLvZ wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv hvq|
(K) km¨ I kvK-mewR ( : GwU evsjv‡`‡ki K…wli me©e„nr DcLvZ| G Lv‡Z
wewfbœ ai‡bi Lv`¨ km¨ †hgb avb, Mg, fzÆ v, Wvj, ˆZjexR, ev`vg, wcqvR, imyb,Av`v, njy` Ges wewfbœ ai‡bi
kvK-mewR †hgb jvj kvK, cvjs kvK, cUj, †Xim, Kijv, jvD, †e¸b, kmv, U‡g‡Uv, Kwc BZ¨vw` Drcvw`Z nq|
ZvQvov G DcLv‡Z wewfbœ ai‡bii A_©Kvix dmj †hgb cvU, Pv, AvL, ZvgvK, †ikg, Zzjv, ievi BZ¨vw` Drcvw`Z
nq| †`‡ki †jvK‡ì Lv`¨ I wk‡íi KuvPvgv‡ji Pvwn`v c~iY Kiv QvovI G DcLv‡Z Drcvw`Z cY¨ we‡`‡k ißvwb
K‡i cÖPzi ê‡`wkK gy`ªv AwR©Z nq| eZ©gv‡b G‡`‡ki †gvU †`kR Drcv`‡bi kZKiv 12.27% fvM km¨ I kvK-
mewR DcLv‡Zi m„wó|
(L) cÖvwYm¤ú` : M„‡n cvwjZ bvbvRvZxq cï-cvwL wb‡qB evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ vwYm¤ú` DcLvZ MwVZ|
Miæ, gwnl, QvMj, †fov, †Nvov,nuvm-gyiwM, KeyZi cÖf…w Z G‡`‡ki cÖvwYm¤ú‡ì AšÍf©~³| cÖvwY m¤ú` †_‡K cÖvß
gvsm, `ya, wWg, BZ¨vw` gvbe †`‡ni AZ¨vek¨Kxq cÖvwYR Avwg‡li Pvwn`v c~iY K‡i| ZvQvov Pvlvev`, Kg©ms¯’vb
m„wó, Pvgov I Pgov RvZxq `ªe¨w` Drcv`b I ißvwb‡Z G DcLv‡Zi f~ wgKv ¸iæZ¡ c~Y©|
(M) ebR m¤ú` : GwU Avgv‡ì K…w li GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© DcLvZ| evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU
f~L‡Ûi kZKiv cÖvq 17 fvM Ry‡o eb i‡q‡Q| e‡b my›`wi, Movb, †MIqv, †KIov, kvj, MR©b, Mvgvwo, †MvjcvZv
cÖf…w Z MvQ R‡b¥| G¸‡jv †_‡K †`‡ki Kv‡Vi Pvwn`vi wmsnfvM c~iY nq Ges K‡qKwU wk‡íi KvuP vgv‡ji †hvMvb
Av‡m| R¡vjvwb KvV, eu vk, †eZ, †gvg, gay, wewfbœ ai‡bi djg~j, BZ¨vw` G DcLvZ †_‡K cvIqv hvq|
(N) grm¨ m¤ú`( : evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡Z grm¨ m¤ú‡ì wecyj m¤¢vebv _vKvq evsjv‡`k miKvi
G‡K GKwU c„_K LvZ wn‡m‡e MY¨ K‡i‡Q| Z‡e mvwe©K we‡ePbvq G LvZI K„wlLv‡Zi AšÍf©~³| evsjv‡`‡ki

AmsL¨ b`x-bvjv, Lvj-wej, cyKz‡i wewfbœ cÖRvwZi gvQ cvIqv hvq| GQvovI †`‡ki mvgyw`ªK grm¨ †ÿÎ¸‡jv †_‡K
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cwigvY gvQ AvnwiZ nq| eZ©g v‡b †`‡ki wRwWwc‡Z grm¨ m¤ú‡ì Ae`vb n‡jv 3.69 kZvsk|
wRwWwc‡Z K…wli DcLvZ mg~‡ni Ae`vb

Contribution of the sub - sectors of Agriculture along with Fishery in GDP
evsjv‡`k GKwU K…wl cÖavb †`k nIqvq GLvbKvi Af¨šÍixY Drcv`‡bi †ÿ‡Î GwU GKwU Ab¨Zg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© LvZ| Aek¨
mgq AwZevwnZ nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ G †`‡ki wRwWwc‡Z G Lv‡Zi Ae`vb µgk K‡g Avm‡Q| ZvB †`Lv hvq †h, weMZ
kZ‡Ki mË‡ii `k‡K G †`‡ki wRwWwc‡Z K…wl Lv‡Zi Ae`vb wQj kZKiv cÖvq 60 fvM hv 1991-92 A_©eQ‡i K‡g
ùvovq kZKiv cÖvq 37 fv‡M| 2014-15 A_©eQ‡i †`‡ki wRwWwc‡Z mgwš^Z K…wlLv‡Zi Ae`vb aiv nq kZKiv 15.96
fvM| A_©vr c~‡e©i Zzjbvq eZ©gv‡b †`‡ki Af¨šÍixY Drcv`‡b K…wlLv‡Zi Ae`vb A‡bK K‡g G‡m‡Q| †`‡k wkí, †mev
I eëmv µ‡gB DbœZ nIqvq GgbwU n‡q‡Q| wRwWwc‡Z K…wli DcLZ¸‡jvi Ae`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î h‡_ó ZviZg¨ †`Lv hvq|
DcLvZ ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ km¨ I kvK-mewR DcLv‡Zi Ae`vb me‡P‡q †ewk| Zvici i‡q‡Q cÖvwYm¤ú` I ebRm¤ú`
DcLvZ;mvwe©K we‡ePbvq grm¨ Lv‡Zi Ae`vb cÖvwYm¤ú` I ebR m¤ú` DcLvZ †_‡K †ewk| wb‡Pi mviwb I †jLwP‡Î
weMZ K‡qKeQ‡ii wRwWwc‡Z grm¨ LvZmn K…wli DcLvZ¸‡jv †`Lv‡bv n‡jv:
2005-06 mv‡ji wfwË g~‡j¨ wRwWwc‡Z grm¨ LvZmn K…wli DcLvZmg~‡ni Ae`v‡bi nvi (%)
grm¨LvZmn K…wli DcLvZmg~n 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
K.km¨ I kvK-mewR 11.32 10.86 10.25 9.11 8.83
L. cÖvwYm¤ú` 2.58 2.51 2.45 1.78 1.73
M. ebR m¤ú` 1.69 1.66 1.63 1.74 1.72
N. grm¨ m¤ú` 4.43 4.39 4.37 3.69 3.65
Drm: evsjv‡`k A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv, 2015|
wkÿv_©xi KvR
1| evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl KvVv‡gvi `ye©j w`K¸‡jv D‡jøL Kiæb Ges Zv wKfv‡e mgvavb Ki‡eb ?
2| evsjv‡`‡ki K…w li `~e©j w`K¸‡jv Av‡jvKcvZ Kiæb Ges Dbœq‡b wK civgk© w`‡eb?
3| evsjv‡`‡ki K…wli DcLvZ mg~n eY©b v Kiæb|
4| evsjv‡`‡ki wRwWwc‡Z grmLvZ mn K…w li DcLvZ My‡jvi Ae`vb e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
mvims‡¶c
 K…wl evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZi cÖavb Kg©KvÛ Ges PvwjKvkw³| kÖg kw³i cÖvq A‡a©K Kg©ms¯’vb †hvMvb †`q Ges
K…wl wfwËK wkí cÖwZôv‡bi cÖavb KuvPvgvj mieivn K‡i| K…wl RbM‡bi Lv`¨ cywó wbðqZv Av‡qi m~‡hvM m„wó
Ges `vwi`ª¨ n«vm Ki‡bi gZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq¸‡jvi mgvav‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv ivL‡Q|
 evsjv‡`k K…wl cÖ avb n‡jI K…wl eë¯’ v Abybœ Z| evsjv‡`‡k 50 kZvs‡ki AwaK K…lK cwievi f~wgnxb|
evsjv‡`‡k gv_vwcQz Mo Rwgi cwigvb 25 kZvs‡ki gZ| evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl‡Z AvaywbK hš¿cvwZi
cwie‡Z© kÖg wbweo cÖhyw³ eëüZ nq|K…wl‡Z QÙ‡ekx †eKviZ¡ µgvš^‡q †e‡o hv‡”Q|
 evsjv‡`‡ki K…wlLvZ wZbwU cÖavb DcLvZ wb‡q MwVZ| G¸‡jv nj: K)km¨ I kvK-mewR, L)cÖvwY m¤ú` I
M) ebR m¤ú`| wKš‘ mvwe©K K…wlLv‡Zi g‡a¨ grm¨ m¤ú`‡K GKwU DcLvZ wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq|

A_©bxwZ 2q cÎ
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 2.1

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1| AvqZb Abyhvqx evsjv‡`‡ki K„wlLvgvi ¸‡jv‡K KZ fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q?
K) wZb L) Pvi M) cuvP N) Qq
2| 2014-15 A_©eQ‡i evsjv‡`‡ki †`kR Drcv`‡b grm¨mn K…wlLv‡Zi Ae`vb KZ kZvsk wQj?
K) 14 L) 15 M) 16 N) 17
3| evsjv‡`‡k gv_vwcQz Mo Rwgi cwigvb KZ kZvs‡ki gZ?
K) 20 L) 25 M) 30 N) 35
4| evsjv‡`‡ki KZ kZvs‡ki AwaK K…lK cwievi f~wgnxb?
K) 40 L) 45 M) 50 N) 55
5| evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU †`kR Drcv`‡bi kZKiv KZ fvM km¨ I kvK-mewR DcLv‡Zi m„wó?
K) 11.27% L) 12.27% M) 13.27% N) 14.27%
6| evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU f~L‡Ûi kZKiv KZ fvM Ry‡I eb i‡q‡Q?
K) 15 L) 16 M) 17 N) 18
7| wb‡Pi †KvbwU evsjv‡`‡ki K…wli KvVv‡gv bq?
K) Rxeb aviY Dc‡hvMx Pvlvev` L) Abybœ Z Pvl c×wZ
M) K…wli c~Y© AvËxKiY N) ÿz`ª Lvgv‡ii AvqZb
8| wb‡Pi †KvbwU evsjv‡`‡ki K…wli êwkó¨ bq?
K) f~wgnxb K…lK L) Abvev`x Rwg
M) gv_vwcQz Rwgi cwigvb Kg N) `ÿ K…wl kÖwgK
9| wb‡Pi †KvbwU evsjv‡`‡ki K…w li DcLvZ bq?
K) kvK I kvK-mewR L) hš¿cvwZ M) cÖ vwYR m¤ú` N) ebR m¤ú`

cvV 2.2 K„wl Lvgvi I K… wl‡RvZ

Agricultural Farm and Agricultural Land
D‡Ïk¨
 evsjv‡`‡ki K…wlLvgvi eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl‡Rv‡Zi êwkó¨ eY©b v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
g~jcvV-
f~wgKv
K…wl Lvgvi I K…wl‡RvZ aviYv `yw U LyeB KvQvKvwQ A‡_© eëüZ nq Ges Df‡qi g‡a¨ GKUv myÿ cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q|
Avev`‡hvM¨ ev Pvlvev‡ì Dc‡hvMx †Kv‡bv K„lK ev msMV‡bi †h †Kvb AvK…w Zi Rwg‡K K…wl‡RvZ Ges D³
K…wl‡Rv‡Z Drcv`bKvh© ïiæ n‡j Zv‡K K…wlLvgvi ejv nq| wb‡¤œ we¯Í vwiZ eY©b v Kiv n‡jv|
evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl Lvgvi:

GKRb K…lK †h Rwgi Dci K…wl KvR cwiPv‡jvbv K‡i Zv GKB ¯’v‡b ev gv‡Vi wewfbœ ¯’v‡b _vK‡Z cv‡i| GiKg
me Rwg‡K GK‡Î Kíbv K‡i †m Drcv`b wel‡q wPšÍv fvebv K‡i| †m Zvi AvIZvaxb Rwg‡Z Kx Kx km¨, Kx
cwigv‡Y Ges †Kvb c×wZ‡Z Drcv`b Ki‡e †m m¤ú‡K© wmÜvšÍ MÖnb K‡i| GiKg wmÜvšÍ MÖnbKvix GKK‡K K„wl
Lvgvi e‡j|
K…wlLvgv‡ii cÖK vi‡f`

wewfbœ `„wó‡Kvb †_‡K K…wlLvgv‡ii †kÖwYwefvM Kiv hvq| †hgb:
K…wl Lvgvi
Pvlvev‡ì cÖvK…wZK I AvqZ‡bi wfwË‡Z Drcv`‡bi aib we‡ePbvq gvwjKvbvi wfwË‡Z
Rxeb wbe©vnx Lvgvi evwYwR¨K Lvgvi we‡klvwqZ eûgyLx wgkÖ e¨w³MZ mgevq †hŠ_
1| Pvlvev‡ì D‡Ïk¨‡K we‡ePbvq wb‡j K…wl Lvgvi‡K `yfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq; h_vÑÑ Rxeb avi‡Yvc‡hvMx Lvgvi Ges
evwYwR¨K Lvgvi|
.) Rxeb avi‡Yvc‡hvMx Lvgvi : †h Lvgv‡i cvwievwiK kÖg eënvi K‡i cwiev‡ii fiY-‡cvl‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡ qvRbxq
wewfbœ K…wlcY¨ Drcv`b Kiv nq Zv‡K Rxeb avi‡Yvc‡hvMx Lvgvi e‡j| Giƒc Lvgv‡i Drcvw`Z c‡bï mvgvb¨B
DØ„Ë¡ _vK‡Z cv‡i| evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk LvgviB Gai‡bi Lvgvi|
) evwbwR¨K Lvgvi: †h Lvgv‡i gyb vdv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ evwYwR¨K wfwË‡Z K…wlcY¨ Drcv`b Kiv nq Zv‡K
evwYwR¨K Lvgvi e‡j| GLv‡b K„lK wbR¯^ I fvovwUqv kÖg Ges AwaK g~jaY eënvi K‡i|

A_©bxwZ 2q cÎ
2| dmj Drcv`‡bi aib Abyhvqx Lvgvi‡K `y fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq; h_v : we‡klvwqZ Lvgvi I eûgyLx Lvgvi|
.) we‡klvwqZ Lvgvi: †h Lvgv‡i †gvU Drcv`‡bi Kgc‡ÿ kZKiv 40 fvM †Kv‡bv GKwU we‡kl dmj †_‡K Av‡m
Zv‡K we‡klvwqZ Lvgvi e‡j|
) eûgyLx Lvgvi: †h Lvgv‡i GKvwaK K…wl cY¨ †hgb avb, Mg, fzÆv, BZ¨vw`) Drcv`b Kiv nq Zv‡K eûgyLx
Lvgvi e‡j| G Lvgvi cwiev‡ii fiY-‡cvlY Ges gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ cwiPvwjZ nq|
3| gvwjKvYvi wfwË‡Z Lvgvi‡K wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq; h_v- e¨w³ gvwjKvbvaxb, mgevq I †hŠ_ Lvgvi|
.) e¨w³ gvwjKvbvaxb Lvgvi: †h Lvgvi m¤ú~Y© iƒ‡c e¨w³ gvwjKvbv I ZË¡veav‡b cwiPvwjZ nq Zv‡K e¨w³
gvwjKvbvaxb Lvgvi e‡j| GiKg Lvgvi †Kej Rxebavi‡bi Rb¨ wKsev evwbwR¨K wfwË‡Z cwiPvwjZ nq|
evsjv‡`‡k cÖ vq me LvgviB e¨w³ gvwjKvYvaxb|
) mgevq Lvgvi: GKB GjvKvi ÿz`ª K…l‡Kiv cvi¯úwiK Kj¨vYv‡_© †¯^”Qvq mggh©v`vi wfwË‡Z wb‡R‡ì Rwg, kÖg
I g~jab GKwÎZ K‡i mw¤§wjZfv‡e Pvlvev` Ki‡j Zv‡K mgevq Lvgvi e‡j| G †ÿ‡Î Drcvw`Z dmj Rwg I
cÖ`Ë hveZxq DcKib Abymv‡i AskMÖnbKvix K…lK‡ì g‡a¨ e›Ub Kiv nq|
) †hŠ_ Lvgvi: †h Lvgv‡ii K„l‡Kiv Drcv`‡bi mKj DcKi‡‡Yi gvwjKvbv¯^Ë Z¨vM K‡i Zv iv‡óªi Dci Ac©b
K‡i Ges †mLv‡b Zviv mK‡j wg‡j Pvlvev` K‡i Zv‡K †hŠ_ Lvgvi e‡j|G‡ÿ‡Î K…lKiv Drcvw`Z dm‡ji GKwU
wbw`©ó Ask †hŠ_ fv‡e †fvM K‡i| G Lvgvi eë¯’v mgvRZvwš¿K †`k¸‡jv‡Z †`Lv hvq| evsjv‡`‡ki we`¨gvb Av_©-
mvgvwRK Ae¯’v I ivR‰bwZK KvVv‡gvi †cÖwÿ‡Z G iKg K…wlKvR cwiPvjbv K‡i Lvgvi M‡o †Zvjv m¤¢ e bq|
Av`k© Lvgvi ej‡Z †evSvq †hLv‡b Drcv`‡bi wewfbœ Dcv`v‡bi myôz cÖ‡qv‡Mi d‡j GKi cÖwZ mvwe©K K…wl dmj nq
ev me©vwaK K…wl dj‡bi j‡ÿ¨ Pvlvev` Kiv nq|
A_©bxwZwe` wKwUs G cÖm‡½ e‡jb, cÖPwjZ cÖhyw³ eënv‡ii gva¨‡g †h cwigvY Rwg‡Z GKwU dv‡g©i GKi cÖwZ
me©vwaK Drcv`b cvIqv hvq Ges Drcvw`Z dm‡ji Avq n‡Z K…lK I Zvi cwievi m‡šÍvlRbKfv‡e RxweKv wbe©vn
K‡i Rxebhvc‡bi my‡hvM cvq, †m cwigvb Rwg‡K Av`k© Lvgvi ev A_©‰bwZK K…wl †RvZ e‡j|
K…wlLvgvi ev K…wl †RvZ cÖvq GKB A‡_© eënvi nq| †hgb,hy³iv‡óªi Av`k© Lvgv‡ii AvqZb 150 GKK,Rvg©vwb‡Z
21 GKi,‡ejwRqv‡g 14 GKi| evsjv‡`‡k mvaviYZ 3 GKi Rwg‡K Av`k© Lvgvi wn‡m‡e g~j¨vqb Kiv nq|
myZivs wewfbœ †`‡k Av`k© Lvgv‡ii AvqZb wewfbœ iKg| GgbwK GKB †`‡k wewfbœ ¯’v‡b Lvgv‡ii AvqZb wewfbœ
n‡Z cv‡i|
Av`k© Lvgv‡ii wba© viKmg~n ( :
Av`k© Lvgvi ev A_©‰bwZK K…wl‡RvZ wb‡¤œ v³ wel‡qi Dci wbf©i K‡i| †hgb:
K. Rwgi AvqZb: Rwgi AvqZb AwZ ÿz `ª ev ÿz`ª n‡j Av`k© Lvgvi ˆZwi Kiv hvq bv|
L. Rwgi cÖK…wZ: Rwgi De©iv kw³, km¨ eûgyLxKi‡Yi my‡hvM we`¨gvb _vK‡j Av`k© Lvgv‡ii Rb¨ Rwg wKQzUv †QvU
n‡jI P‡j| wKš‘ Rwg‡Z km¨ eûgyLxKiY m¤¢e bv n‡j Ges De©iv kw³ Kg n‡j Av`k© Lvgvi Kivi Rb¨ eo Rwgi
cÖ‡qvRb nq|
M. dm‡ji cÖK…wZ: dm‡ji cÖK…wZi DciI GwU wbf©ikxj| kvK-mewR †ÿ‡Î ÿz`ªvqZ‡bi Rwg Ges Mg, cvU
cÖf…w Zi †ÿ‡Î Zzjbvg~jK e„nr AvqZ‡bi Rwgi cÖ‡qvRb nq|
N. cÖhyw³: Av`k© Lvgvi MVb c×wZ, hvwš¿KPvlvev`, Uª v±i BZ¨vwì eënvi jÿ¨ Kiv hvq|

O. Rjevqy: AbyK~j Rjevqy‡ Z ÿz`ªvqZ‡bi Rwg‡Z Ges cÖw ZK~j Rjevqy‡ Z e„nr AvqZ‡bi Rwg‡Z Lvgvi wbg©vY Kiv
hvq|
evsjv‡`‡k K…wl Lvgv‡ii ¯îƒc

evsjv‡`‡k K…wl Drcv`‡bi A`ÿZv Ges ¯^í Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ †ewkifvM †ÿ‡Î gvÜvZvi Avg‡ji Kjv‡KŠkjB
`vqx| wKš‘ A‡b‡KB g‡b K‡ib, Lvgv‡ii AvqZbI K„wl Drcv`‡bi A`ÿZvi Rb¨ A‡bKvs‡kB `vqx|
Rwic: 1969-70 mv‡j we AvB wW Gm ZrKvjxb c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b (eZ©g v‡b evsjv‡`k) K„wlLvgv‡ii AvqZb m¤ú‡K©
GKwU Rwic Pvjvq| G Rwic KvR gqgbwmsn †Rjvi dzj cyi; VvKziMvI; bvivqbMÄ GjvKvq bvbv Rwg‡Z cvwb
†m‡Pi myweavi Dci Pv‡jv‡bv nq| eZ©g v‡b evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ vq 75 % f~wg hv K…lK wb‡RB wb‡Ri Rwg Pvl K‡i,
25% Rwg eM©vPv‡li Aaxb 40% K„lK cwievi eM©vPvwl Ges 48% K…lK cwievi f~wgnxb| †gvU K… wl‡Rv‡Zi
kZKiv cª vq 88.49 fvMB ÿz`ªvqZ‡bi (0.5-2.49 GKi), gvSvwi AvqZ‡bi †RvZ cÖ vq 10.34 fvM (2.50-7.49
GKi) e„n`vqZ‡bi †RvZ 1.17 fvM(7.50 GKi)|
evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl †RvZ

evsjv‡`‡k †ewki fvM K…w l †RvZB ÿz`ªvqZ‡bi; †gvU K…wl †Rv‡Zi kZKiv cÖvq 88.47 fvMB ÿz`ª †RvZ hvi Mo
AvqZb 1.29 GKi| gvSvwi AvqZ‡bi †RvZ †gvU †Rv‡Zi kZKiv cÖvq 10.34 fvM hv‡ì Mo AvqZb cÖvq 4.32
GKi| †`‡k e„nr †Rv‡Zi Aw¯^Z¡ bMb¨ hv‡ì Mo AvqZb cÖ vq 12.74 GKi| wb‡P evsjv‡`‡k K…wl †Rv‡Zi AvqZb
I †gvU †Rv‡Zi kZKiv nv‡ii GKwU mviwY †Ìqv n‡j|
†gvU †Rv‡Zi kZKiv †Rv‡Zi Mo AvqZb (GK‡i)
ÿz`ªvqZ‡bi †RvZ 88.49 1.29
0.50-0.99 GKi 63.55 0.97
1.00-1.49 GKi 13.99 1.50
1.50-02.49 GKi 12.31 2.26
gvSvwi AvqZ‡bi †RvZ
2.50-7.49 GKi 10.34 4.32
e„n`vqZ‡bi †RvZ
7.50 GKi I Z`~aŸ© 1.17 12.74
cÖ`Ë mviwYwU ch© v‡jvPbv K‡iI ejv hvq, G‡`‡k K…wl‡RvZ ¸‡jvi wmsnfvMB AwZÿz `ª AvqZ‡bi G ai‡bi †Rv‡Zi
hvwš¿K c×wZ‡Z Pvlvev` Kiv hvq bv| ZvQvov GiKg †RvZ †_‡K †h Avq nq Zv w`‡q K…wl cwiev‡ii fiY †cvlY
Kiv †Kej KwVbB bq, A‡bKUv Am¤¢eI e‡U|
wkÿv_©xi KvR
1| Rxeb avi‡Yvc‡hvMx Lvgv‡i GKRb K…lK Zvi cÖ‡qvR‡bi Rb¨ †h me cY¨ Drcv`b Ki‡Z cv‡i Zvi GKwU
ZvwjKv cÖ ¯‘Z Kiæb|
2| Rxeb avi‡Yvc‡hvMx Lvgvi I evwYwR¨K Lvgv‡ii g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †`Lvb?

A_©bxwZ 2q cÎ
mvims‡¶c
 K…wl Lvgvi K…wl Lv‡Zi GKwU ¸iæZ¡ c~Y© Ask| ZvB K…wl Lvgv‡ii cÖKvi‡f` Ges Av`k© K…wl Lvgvi
m¤ú‡K© aviYv _vKv Riæwi|

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1| gvwjKvbv wfwË‡Z Lvgvi‡K wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| wb‡Pi †Kvb LvgviwU G MÖæ‡ci AšÍf©~³ bq?
K) e¨w³ gvwjKvbvaxb Lvgvi L) mgevq Lvgvi
M) evwYwR¨K Lvgvi N) †hŠ_ Lvgvi
2| evsjv‡`‡ki K…w l‡RvZ‡K AvqZb wn‡m‡e wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| wb‡Pi †KvbwU Awe‡ewPZ?
K) ÿz`ªvqZ‡bi †RvZ L) ¯^í AvqZ‡bi †RvZ
M) gvSvwi AvqZ‡bi †RvZ N) e„n`vqZ‡bi †RvZ

cvV 2.3 K…wlc‡Yï wecYb I mgm¨v

Marketing of Agricultural Products and Problems
D‡Ïk¨
 evsjv‡`‡k K…wl cY¨ wecb‡b mgm¨vmg~n wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 K…wl cY¨ wecbY mgm¨v mgvav‡b miKvi/iv‡óªi AskMÖn‡bi ¸iæZ¡ we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
g~jcvV-
evsjv‡`‡k K…wl cY¨ wecY‡b mgm¨vmg~n

†h me cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g Drcvw`Z cY¨ Drcv`‡Ki KvQ †_‡K †fv³v‡ì Kv‡Q †cŠQvq Zv‡K wecYb e‡j| G A‡_©
K…wlc‡Yï wecYb Z_v evRviRvZKiY n‡jv Ggb GKwU cÖwµqv hvi gva¨‡g Drcvw`Z K…wl cY¨ Drcv`b Kvix‡ì
KvQ †_‡K P‚o všÍ †fv³v‡ì Kv‡Q †cŠQv‡bv nq| G cÖwµqvq wewfbœ Kg©¯iÍ AwZµg Ki‡Z nq| G¸‡jv n‡jv
Drcv`b †k‡l cY¨ msMÖn I GKwÎKiY, c‡Yï †kÖwYwefvM I bgybvKiY, c¨vwKs, ¸`vgRvZKiY, gvwjKvbv
e`j,cwienb A_©ms¯’vb,SuywKenb, weÁvcb cÖ`vb, evRvi msµvšÍ Z_¨vw` msMÖn, e›Ub, weµq BZ¨vw`| G¸‡jv
myófv‡e m¤úvw`Z n‡j K„lKiv c‡bï Dchy³ `vg cvq Ges †fv³v mvaviYI Zv h_v_© `v‡g µq Ki‡Z cv‡i|
evsjv‡`k GKwU K…wl wbf©i Dbœqbkxj †`k| evsjv‡`‡k K„wlc‡bï evRvi eë¯’vi wbR¯^ KwZcq êwkó i‡q‡Q|
Ges evsjv‡`‡k K…wlRvZ c‡Yï weµq eë¯’ vq wb‡¤œ D‡jøw LZ mgm¨v ¸‡jv †`Lv hvq:
1. evRv‡ii Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© AwfÁZv: evsjv‡`‡ki gZ Dbœqbkxj †`‡ki AwaKvsk K…lK evRvi m¤^‡Ü we‡kl
†Kvb †LvR-Lei iv‡L bv| wewfbœ K…wl c‡Yï g~‡jï fwel¨r MwZ m¤^‡ÜI Zviv IqvwKenvj bq| myZivs
Zv‡ì AÁZvi Rb¨ gaëwZ© eëmvqxMb AwZmn‡RB K…lK‡ì‡K b¨vh¨g~j¨ †_‡K ewÂZ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
2. `v‡gi Zxeª DVvbvgv: K…wl c‡Yï `v‡gi Zxeª DVvbvgv N‡U| dm‡ji †gŠmy‡g `vg G‡Kev‡iB Kg _v‡K Ges
†gŠmyg †kl nIqvi ci `vg Avevi †ek †e‡o hvq| wKš‘ hLb `vg ev‡o ZLb K…l‡Ki N‡i Avi †Kvb
weµq‡hvM¨ DØ„Ë _v‡K bv| myZivs `v‡gi Giƒc Zxeª DVvbvgvi d‡j Avgv‡ì K„lK ÿwZMÖ ¯’ nq|
3. ¸`v‡gi Afve: AwaKvsk Dbœqkxj‡`‡ki MÖvgvÂ‡j K…wl cY¨ msiÿ‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq ¸`v‡gi GKvšÍ
Afve i‡q‡Q| d‡j K…lK m¤úª`vq AwaK `vg cvIqvi Avkvq K…wl cY¨ ¸`vgRvZ K‡i ivL‡Z cv‡i bv|
Zviv dm‡ji †gŠmy‡g dmj Kg `v‡g weµq K‡i w`‡Z eva¨ nq|
4. †kÖYxwefvM I bgybvKi‡Yi Afve: ¯^‡ívbœZ †`kmgy‡n K…wlcY¨ †kÖwYwefvM I bgybvKi‡Yi mye‡›`ve¯Í †bB|
c‡Yï ¸bv¸‡bi Dci Gi `vg wbf©i K‡i| wKš‘ G mg¯Í †`‡k c‡Yï ¸Yvbymv‡i Zv‡ì †kÖwbwefvM Kiv
nqbv d‡j GLv‡b DrK…ó I wbK…ó cY¨ GKB `v‡g weµq nq| d‡j K…lKivI DrK…ó c‡Yï Rb¨ fv‡jv `vg
cvq bv|
5. K…l‡Ki `vwi`ª¨: `vwi‡`ªï Rb¨ K…lK Zvi Drcvw`Z cY¨ AwaK `vg cvIqvi Avkvq †ewk w`b a‡i ivL‡Z
cv‡i bv| d‡j dmj DVvi m‡½ m‡½ K…lK Zvi dmj bvg gvÎ `v‡g wewµ K‡i w`‡Z eva¨ nq|
AvoZ`viMY bvggvÎ g~‡j¨ Gme `ªe¨ Lwi` K‡i Ges c‡i D”P g~‡j¨ Zv weµq K‡i cÖPzi gybvdv AR©b
K‡i|
6. cwienb eë¯’vi Afve: evsjv‡`‡ki g‡Zv Av‡iv A‡bK †`‡k cwienb eë¯’vi Afv‡e K…lK K…wl cY¨
`~ieZ©x evRv‡i wb‡q †h‡Z cv‡i bv| d‡j wbKUewZ© nvUevRv‡i Zviv Kg `v‡g cY¨ weµq Ki‡Z eva¨ nq|

A_©bxwZ 2q cÎ
7. `vjv‡ji cÖfve : mvaviYZ K„lK Zv‡ì cY¨ mivmwi cÖK…Z †µZv‡ì wbKU weµq Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| cÖK…Z
†µZv I we‡µZvi g‡a¨ GK`j `vjvj‡kÖb xi †jvK _v‡K| gybvdvi cÖvq meUzKz G mg¯Í `vjvj‡ì nv‡Z
P‡j hvq|
8. Awkÿv: evsjv‡`‡ki g‡Zv Dbœ qbkxj †`k mg~‡ni AwaKvsk K…lK AwkwÿZ d‡j Zviv dUKv Kviev‡ii
RwUjZv I ê‡`wkK evRv‡ii MwZ-cÖK…wZi m‡½ G‡Kev‡iB AcwiwPZ|
9. msMwVZ evRv‡ii Afve: evsjv‡`‡ki g‡Zv Dbœqbkxj †`‡ki MªvgvÂ‡ji nvU evRvi mywbqwš¿Z ev
mymsMwVZ bq| wbqš¿‡bi Afv‡e evRv‡i K…lK‡ì wbKU †_‡K wewfbœ nv‡i LvRbv Av`vq Kiv nq|
evRv‡ii Puv`v, AvoZ`vwi cÖf…Z Lv‡Z A_© cÖ`vb Kivi ci †h UvKv K…l‡Ki nv‡Z _v‡K Zv e¯‘ Z Zvi
dm‡ji b¨vh¨g~‡jï Aa©vskI bq|
10. c‡Yï gvb: wewfbœ ¯’ v‡b Drcvw`Z K…wl c‡Yï gvb GKiƒc bq| d‡j K… wl c‡Yï gvb wbavi‡Y©i welqwU
K…wlevRv‡i GK RwUj mgm¨vi m„wó K‡i|
11. myôz miKvwi bxwZi Afve: AwaKvsk Dbœ qbkxj †`‡k K…wl c‡Yï evRvi msMwVZ I wbqwš¿ Z Kivi Rb¨
miKv‡ii †Kvbiƒc my¯úó bxwZgvjv †bB| d‡j K…lK K… wl evRv‡i ixwZgZ AivRKAe¯’ v weivR K‡i|
12. cÖwZ‡hvMxZvi Afve: evsjv‡`‡ki g‡Zv Dbœqbkxj †`‡k myôy hvZvqvZ eë¯’vi Afv‡e evRvi ¸‡jv ci¯úi
†_‡K wew”Qbœ| d‡j wewfbœ evRv‡ii g‡a¨ cÖwZ‡hvMxZvi Afve †`Lv hvq Ges GK evRv‡ii m‡½ Ab¨
evRv‡ii `v‡gi †Kvbiƒc mvgÄm¨ _v‡K bv|
K…wlc‡Yï wecYb mgm¨v mgvav‡b miKv‡ii f~wgKv:

evsjv‡`‡k K…wl c‡Yï weµq eë¯’ v Dbœqb mva‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ wb‡¤œv³ eë¯’ v¸‡jv MÖn b Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i:
1. evRvi wbqš¿b: wewfbœ evRv‡i K…lK‡ì wbKU †_‡KB hv‡Z AvoZ`vwi,cvjø v`vwi,wewfbœ Puv`v cÖ f…wZ n‡Z A_©
Av`vq Ki‡Z bv cv‡i †m Rb¨ Avgv‡ì MÖvgÂ‡j evRvi¸‡jv‡K myó fv‡e wbqš¿b Kiv ìKvi|
2. hvZvqvZ eë¯’vi Dbœ wZ: †`‡ki hvZvqvZ eë¯’ vi DbœwZ mva‡bi gva¨‡g MÖ vg I kn‡i K…wl c‡Yï enb
LiP n«vm Kiv ìKvi| GQvov iv¯Í vNv‡Ui Dbœw Z mva‡bi gva¨‡g MÖvg¸‡jv‡K †ij †÷kb I w÷gv‡ii mv‡_
hy³ Ki‡Z n‡e|
3. ‡kÖYxwefvM I bgybvKiY: ¯^‡ívbœZ †`kmgy‡n K…wlcY¨ †kÖwYwefvM I bgybvKi‡Yi myweav Av‡Q| c‡Yï
¸bv¸‡bi Dci Gi `vg wbf©i K‡i| wKš‘ G mg¯Í †`‡k c‡Yï ¸Yvbymv‡i Zv‡ì †kÖwbwefvM Kiv nq|
d‡j GLv‡b DrK…ó cY¨ fv‡jv `v‡g Ges wbK…ó cY¨ Kg `v‡g weµq Ki‡Z cvi‡e| d‡j K…lKI DrK…ó
c‡Yï Rb¨ fv‡jv `vg cv‡e|
4. ¸`vg wbg©vY I K…wl cY¨ msiÿY: ¸`vgRvZKi‡bi eë¯’vi Afv‡e K…lKiv hv‡Z dmj IVvi m‡½ m‡½ Kg
`v‡g Zv weµq K‡i †dj‡Z eva¨ bv nq Zvi Rb¨ MÖv‡g mgevq mwgwZ MVb K‡i K…wlcY¨ ¸`vgRvZKiY I
msiÿ‡Yi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
5. `vjvj I dwoqvi we‡jvc mvab: K…wl c‡Yï evRvi †_‡K `vjvj I gaëZ© x dwoqv‡ì we‡jvc mvab Ki‡Z
n‡e| `vjvj, e¨vcvwi, AvoZ`vi cÖgyL gaëZ©x eëmvqxMb K…lK‡ì cÖ vc¨ g~‡j¨ fvM ewm‡q Zv‡ì‡K
me©¯^všÍ K‡i †Zv‡j|
6. K…wl FY: Avw_©K AbU‡bi d‡j Avgv‡ì K…l‡Ki AwaK `vg cvIqvi Avkvq Zv‡ì cY¨ mvgMÖx gRy Z K‡i
ivL‡Z cv‡i bv| myZivs Avw_©K AbU‡bi Rb¨ K…lK hv‡Z dm‡ji †gŠmy‡gB cY¨ weµq K‡i w`‡Z eva¨ bv
nq †m Rb¨ Dchy³ K… wl F‡Yi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
7. me©wb¤œ g~j¨ avh©KiY: miKvi KZ©„K K…wlc‡Yï †h me©wb¤œ g~j¨ avh© Kiv nq †mw`‡K jÿ¨ ivL‡Z n‡e|
†KD wbw`©ó g~‡jï Kg `v‡g µq Ki‡j Zv‡ì K‡Vvi kvw¯Íi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|

8. µq G‡RwÝ: b¨vh¨ g~‡j¨ K…lK‡ì wbKU †_‡K dmj µq Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ miKvi‡K µq G‡RwÝ MVb Ki‡Z
n‡e| G ai‡bi µq G‡RwÝi gva¨‡g miKvi wba©vwiZ g~‡j¨ dmj µq Ki‡j AbïvI G `v‡g dmj µq
Ki‡Z eva¨ _vK‡e|
9. mgevq evRvi mwgwZ MVb: evsjv‡`‡ki K…w lc‡Yï evRv‡i AmsL¨ K…lK we‡µZvi wecix‡Z †µZv wn‡m‡e
¯^í msL¨K dwoqv I †ecvwi _v‡K| d‡j evRv‡i GKai‡bi Iwj‡Mvcmwb weivR K‡i| G‡Z ìKlvKwli
†ÿ‡Î K…l‡Ki Ae¯’ v `~e©j n‡q c‡o d‡j Zviv dm‡ji b¨vh¨g~j¨ cvq bv| GgZve¯Ívq mgevq mwgwZ
MV‡bi gva¨‡g evRv‡i K…lK‡ì Ae¯’ vb kw³kvjx Kiv ìKvi|
10. AvšÍR©vwZK evRv‡ii m‡½ mshyw³ mvab: Avgv‡ì K…wl c‡Yï we‡`‡k ißvwbi my‡hvM m„wó Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
wKš‘ A‡bK mgq †`‡k Lv`¨k‡mï gRy` K‡g hvIqvi AvksKvq Lv`¨km¨ ißvwb Kiv nq bv| G‡Z †`‡k
Lv`¨ k‡mï g~j¨ Kg _v‡K Ges K…lK ÿwZMÖ ¯’ nq| AZGe †`‡ki K…wlc‡Yï evRv‡i Dbœ wZ mva‡bi Rb¨
†`kxq evRvi I AvšÍR©vwZK evRv‡ii g‡a¨ mshyw³ mvab ìKvi|
wkÿv_©xi KvR
evsjv‡`‡k K…wlcY¨ wecY‡b mgm¨vmg~n eY©bv Kiæb| K…wlc‡Yï wecYb mgm¨v mgvav‡b miKv‡ii f~wgKv we‡kø lY
Kiæb|
mvims‡¶c
 K…wl c‡Yï wecYb mgm¨v eûwea|
 K…wl c‡Yï wecYb mgm¨v mgvav‡b miKvwi n¯Í‡ÿc Ab¯^xKvh©|

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1| wb‡Pi †KvbwU evsjv‡`‡k K…w l cY¨ wecY‡bi mgm¨v bq.
K) myóz miKvix bxwZi Afve L) K…wl F‡Yi ¯^ íZv
M) `vjv‡ji cÖ fve N) msMwVZ evRvi
2| wb‡Pi †KvbwU evsjv‡`‡k K…wl cY¨ wecY‡bi mgm¨vi mgvavb bq?
K) ¸`vg wbg©vY L) `vjvj I dwoqv we‡jvc mvab
M) hvZvqvZ eë¯’vi Dbœw Z N) Awbqwš¿Z evRvi

A_©bxwZ 2q cÎ
cvV 2.4 K…wl Lv‡Z cwieZ©‡bi MwZaviv

Changing Dynamics in Agricultural Sector
D‡Ïk¨
 evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl‡Z km¨ Drcv`b, grm¨ Pvl, Mevw` cï I nuvmgyiMx cÖwZcvjb, wPswo I gvkiæg
Pvl eb I bvm©vix ¯’ vc‡b cwieZ©‡bi MwZaviv we‡kø lY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
g~jcvV-
f~wgKv
evsjv‡`‡k eZ©g v‡b K…wl‡Z e¨vcK cwieZ©b mvwaZ n‡q‡Q| ¯^ vaxbZvi ci K…wl Drcv`b‡hvM¨ f~wgi cwigvb e„w×
cvqwb| A_P cÖw Z gyû‡Z© e„w× cv‡”Q Lv`¨MÖnbKvixi msL¨v| we`¨gvb K…wlf~wg‡Z emZevwo wbg©vb I bMivq‡bi d‡j
K…wl Drcv`b‡hvM¨ f~wgi cwigvb e¨vcK fv‡e n«vm cvIqv ¯^‡ËI K…wl Drcv`‡b evsjv‡`‡ki mdjZv we‡klfv‡e
D‡jøL‡hvM¨| G cwieZ©b Drcv`‡bi Kjv‡KŠkj,DcKibmg~‡ni cÖ‡qvM,km¨-Dw™¢` I cÖvwbR m¤ú` cwiPh© v,
Drcv`‡bi cwigvb BZ¨vw` †ÿ‡Î †ekx jÿbxq|
Lv`¨km¨ Drcv`b:
K) eZ©gvbKv‡j wewfbœ k‡mï cÖP wjZ ex‡Ri cwie‡Z© D™¢vweZ bZzb bZzb Rv‡Zi D”P djbkxj ex‡Ri eënvi
Ggb evo‡Q| we‡kl K‡i avb Drcv`‡bi †ÿ‡Î Zv we‡klfv‡e jÿbxq| eZ©gv‡b cÖvq 37wU D”P djbkxj av‡bi
Pvl n‡”Q|
L) gvbyl I cïPvwjZ jvO‡ji cwie‡Z© cvIqviwUjvi, fvovq PvwjZ Uªv±i evwnZ jvOj,km¨ gvovB hš¿ BZ¨vwì
eënvi Pj‡Q|
M) †Mve‡ii mv‡ii cwie‡Z© wewfbœ ai‡bi K…wÎg mvi I KxUbvk‡Ki eënvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨fv‡e †e‡o‡Q| e„wócv‡Zi
cwie‡Z© hš¿wbf©i cvwb‡m‡Pi eënvi e„w× †c‡q‡Q|
N) km¨ eûgyLxKiYI km¨ Drcv`‡b cwieZ©‡bi avivi Avi GKwU iƒc| Avevi GK Rwg‡Z GLb eQ‡i `ywU wZbwU
k‡mï Pvl Pj‡Q|
O) K…lK Zvi Rwgi AvB‡j d‡ji MvQ jvMv‡”Q, Rwg cwZZ bv †i‡L †mLv‡b wewfbœ ai‡bi kvKmewR Pvl K‡i‡Q|
d‡j wbweo Pv‡li gvÎv I AvIZv evo‡Q|
P) km¨ Drcv`‡bi cwigv‡bI G‡m‡Q `viæb cwieZ©b| hv wb‡Pi mviwY †_‡K jÿ¨bxq|
evsjv‡`‡ki cwimsL¨vb ey¨‡ivi P~ovšÍ wnmve Abyhvqx 2013-14 A_©eQ‡i Lv`¨k‡mï †gvU Drcv`b n‡qwQj
381.74 jÿ †gwUªK Ub| Zb¥‡a¨,AvDk 23.26 jÿ †gwUªK Ub, Avgb 130.23 jÿ †gwUªK Ub,‡ev‡iv 190.07
jÿ †gwUªK Ub, Mg 13.02 jÿ †gwUªK Ub I f~Æ v 25.16 jÿ †gwUªK Ub| evsjv‡`‡k cwimsL¨vb ey¨‡ivi mvgwqK
wnmve Abyhvqx 2014-15 A_©eQ‡i AvDk 23.28 jÿ †gwUªK Ub, Avgb 131.90 jÿ †gwUªK Ub Drcv`b n‡q‡Q
Ges K…wl gš¿bvj‡qi wnmve Abyhvqx G A_©eQ‡i f~ Æv Drcv`b n‡q‡Q 25.21 jÿ †gwUªK Ub| †ev‡iv 189.77 jÿ
†gwUªK Ub I Mg 13.33 jÿ †gwUªK Ub n‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv n‡”Q|wb‡¤œi mviwb‡Z 2006-07 A_©eQi †_‡K
2014-15 A_©eQi ch©šÍ Lv`¨km¨ Drcv`‡bi cwimsL¨vb †`Lv‡bv nj|

10 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009--10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

jÿ¨ gvÎv
AvDk 15.12 22.93 21.00 22.18 21.33 23.33 21.28 23.26 23.28
Avgb 108.41 110.06 122.25 126.60 127.91 127.98 128.97 130.23 131.90
†ev‡iv 159.90 186.77 182.87 185.25 186.17 187.59 187.78 190.07 189.77
†gvU 283.43 319.76 326.12 334.03 335.41 338.90 338.33 343.56 344.95
PvDj
Mg 7.25 9.56 9.58 10.39 9.72 9.95 12.55 13.02 13.33
f~Æv 8.99 23.61 11.37 13.70 15.52 19.54 21.78 25.16 25.21
†gvU 299.67 352.93 347.07 358.12 360.65 368.39 372.66 381.74 383.49
Drm: evsjv‡k A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv 2015
Mevw`cï I nu vm-gyiwM cÖw Zcvj‡b cwieZ©‡bi aviv
AvengvbKvj †_‡KB G‡`‡ki MÖvgvÂ‡ji cÖvq cÖ wZwU cwieviB Mevw`cï †hgb Miæ, gwnl, QvMj BZ¨vw` I nvum-
gyiwM cvjb K‡i Avm‡Q | c~‡e© †Kej Pvlvev` I cwiev‡ii cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡bvi Rb¨ Zv Kiv n‡jI eZ©gv‡b
†ewkifvM †ÿ‡Î Zv evwbwR¨Kfv‡e cwiPvwjZ wKsev Kg©ms¯’v‡bi Dcvq wn‡m‡e †e‡Q †bqv n‡”Q| GLb evsjv‡`‡ki
A‡bK RvqMv‡ZB †QvU eo cï Lvgvi i‡q‡Q| †`‡k GLb eû nuvm-gyiwMi Lvgvi n‡”Q| Gme Lvgv‡i cyivZb
cÖRvwZi cï-cvwLi cwie‡Z© bZy b bZzb cÖRvwZi cï-cvwL †e‡Q †bIqv n‡”Q| G‡ÿ‡Î †ewk gvsm, `ya I wWg
cvIqv hvq Ggb cÖR vwZi cï-cvwL cvjb Kiv n‡”Q| G cÖm‡½ LvwK †K‡¤^j I wRbwWs nu vm-gyiwM cvjb GKwU
jvfRbK I m¤¢ vebvgq †ckv wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡”Q|
c~‡e© G‡`‡k cï- cvwL cvj‡b miKv‡ii †Zgb mswkøóZv bv _vK‡jI GLb G e¨cv‡i miKvi h‡_ó mwµq i‡q‡Q|
eZ©gv‡b cï -cvwL cvj‡b †eKvi hyeK-hyewZ‡ì‡K cÖwkÿY cÖ`vb I ¯^í my‡` FY cÖ `v‡bi eë¯’ v Kiv n‡q‡Q|
GQvovI Mevw` cï I nuvm-gyiwMi wUKv Drcv`b I fZ©ywKcÖ`Ë `v‡g Zv mieivn, Kg `v‡g nuvm-gyiwMi ev”Pv wewµ,
RvZ Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ K…wÎg cÖRbb Kvh©µg, Gwfqvb Bbd¬z‡qÄv cÖw Z‡ivag~jK Kvh©µg MÖnb, GKwU evwo GKwU Lvgvi
cÖKí BZ¨vwì gva¨‡g miKvi Lv‡Zi Dbœ q‡b e¨cK D‡`¨vM MÖnb K‡i‡Q| †`‡k mv¤úªw ZK Kv‡j Mevw` cï I nuvm-
gyiwM cÖwZcvj‡b †h cwieZ©b m~wPZ n‡q‡Q G Lv‡Zi Drcv`b e„w×i gva¨‡g Zvi cÖwZdjb NU‡Q| wb‡Pi mviwY‡Z
weMZ K‡qK eQ‡i G Lv‡Z Drcv`‡bi GKwU wnmve †Ìqv n‡jv:
mviwY‡Z Mevw` cï I nuvm gyiwMi Drcv`b (jÿ)

2005-06 2008-09 2013-14
†gvU Mevw` cï 464.7 495.58 536.60
†gvU nu vm-gyiwM 2329.9 2626.28 3074.68
grm¨ Drcv`b
PjwZ A_©eQ‡i †gvU †`kR Drcv`‡bi cÖvq 3.69 kZvsk grm¨ Lv‡Zi Ae`vb| †`‡ki †gvU K…wlR Av‡qi 22.60
kZvsk grm¨ LvZ †_‡K Av‡m| †`‡ki ißvwb Av‡qi GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ask Av‡m grm¨ LvZ †_‡K| Avgv‡ì
ˆ`bw›`b Lv‡`¨ cÖvwbR Avwg‡li cÖ vq 60 kZvsk †hvMvb †`q gvQ| grm¨ Drcv`b e„w×i gva¨‡g cÖ vwYR Avwgl
mieivn e„w× Kiv G Lv‡Zi GKwU Ab¨Zg jÿ¨| G jÿ¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡L miKvi KZ©„K wewfbœ Kvh©µg MÖnb I
ev¯Íevqb Kiv n‡”Q| D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Kvh©µg n‡”Q-mgvR wfwËK grm¨ Pvl Kvh©µg m¤úªmviY I †Rvi`viKiY, Lvm
Rjvk‡q grm¨Rxwe‡ì cÖ‡ekvwaKvi wbwðZKiY, wej bvm©vwi Kvh©µg MÖnb I gy³ Rjvk‡q gv‡Qi †cvbv

A_©bxwZ 2q cÎ
Aegy³KiY,grm¨ AfvqkÖg m„wó,‡Ni I LvPvq gvQ Pvl Kvh©µg m¤úªmviY, fivU n‡q hvIqv b`x c~b tLbb K‡i
gv‡Qi Avevm¯’j cybiæ×vi Ges M‡elbvi gva¨‡g Dbœ Z cÖhyw³ D™¢veb I m¤úªmviY| grm¨ Awa`ßi gvbe Dbœ q‡bi
j‡ÿ¨ grm¨/wPswo Pvwl I grm¨Rxwe‡ì wbqwgZfv‡e cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwkÿ‡bi eë¯’v K‡i _v‡K| GQvovI gy³
Rjvk‡q grm¨ m¤ú` eë¯’vcYvi gva¨‡g †`‡ki `wi`ª grm¨Pvwl I grm¨Rxwe‡ì A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK Dbœqb
K‡i‡Q|
2013-14 A_©eQ‡i †`‡k †gvU grm¨ Drcv`‡bi cwigvb wQj 35.48 jÿ †gwUªK Ub| 2014-15 A_©eQ‡i grm¨
Drcv`‡b jÿ¨gvÎv 37.03 jÿ †gwUªK Ub| wb‡¤œ mviYx‡Z 2007-08 †_‡K 2014-15 A_©eQi ch©šÍ wewfbœ Dr‡m
grm¨ Drcv`b cwimsL¨vb †`Lv‡bv nj|
grm¨ Lv‡Zi wewfbœ Drm n‡Z gv‡Qi Drcv`b

LvZ AvqZb 2007- 2008- 2009- 2010- 2011- 2012- 2013- 2014-15
†n±i 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 jÿ¨ gvÎv
1.Af¨šÍixY:
(K) gy³Rjvkq
b`x I †gvnbv 8.54 1.37 1.69 1.82 1.45 1.46 1.47 1.67 1.69
my›ìeb 1.78 0.18 0.20 0.08 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.17 0.18
wej 1.14 0.78 0.93 1.27 0.82 0.85 0.89 0.89 0.93
KvßvB n«` 0.69 0.08 0.09 0.07 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.09
cøvebf~wg 28.10 8.19 6.17 7.05 7.97 6.96 6.86 7.14 7.15
Dc-‡gvU 40.25 10.60 9.08 10.75 10.55 9.57 9.61 9.95 10.04
(gy³Rjvkq)
L) PvlK…Z
cyKzi 3.38 8.66 10.27 11.39 12.20 13.92 14.79 15.27 15.95
evIo 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.512 0.052 0.06 1.93 2.25
Aa© Ave× 1.22 - - 0.46 0.049 1.32 1.39 0.07 0.07
wPswo Lvgvi 2.75 1.35 1.49 1.56 1.85 1.96 2.04 2.16 2.27
‡cb KvjPvi - - - - - - - 0.13 0.14
‡KR KvjPvi - - - - - - - 0.01 0.02
Dc‡gvU(PvlK„Z) 7.41 10.06 11.82 14.26 14.60 17.26 18.60 19.56 20.70
†gvU Af¨šÍixY 47.66 20.66 20.90 24.02 25.15 26.83 28.81 29.51 30.74
2. mvgyw`ªK:
K) BÛvwóªqvj 0.34 0.48 0.34 0.73 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77
L) AvwU©‡mb¨vj 4.63 5.63 4.83 5.16 5.19 5.19 5.51 5.51
†gvU (mvgyw`ªK) - 4.97 6.11 5.17 5.78 5.89 5.96 6.28 6.28
me©‡gvU - 25.63 27.01 28.99 30.62 32.62 34.10 35.47 37.03
Drm evsjv‡k A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv 2015
gv‡Qi †iby I †cvbv Drcv`b

grm¨ Drcv`b e„w×i cÖavb kZ©B ¸YMZ gvbm¤úbœ †cvbvi mnRjf¨Zv| cwi‡ek I gbyl¨m„wó wewfbœ cÖw ZeÜKZv
†hgb AcwiKwíZ fv‡e wbwg©Z eb¨v wbqš¿b eva,km¨ †ÿ‡Z KxUbvk‡Ki AcwiwgZ I Aeva eënvi, cvwY `~lY
BZ¨vw` bvbvwea Kvi‡Y cÖ vK…wZK Dr‡m †iby Drcv`bmn †cvbv Drcv`b I AvniY µgvš^‡q n« vm cv‡”Q| wewfbœ
Kvi‡Y ÿwZMÖ ¯’ cÖvK…w ZK cÖRYb †ÿÎmg~‡ni c~ biæ×v‡ii Rb¨ miKvi wewfbœ c`‡ÿc MÖnb K‡i‡Q| eZ©gv‡b

†nPvwi¸‡jv‡Z †iby Drcv`‡b AšÍ tcÖRbb mgm¨v wbim‡b grm¨ Awa`ßi 32 wU miKvwi Lvgv‡ii AeKvVv‡gvMZ
Dbœqb Ges cÖ vK…wZK Drm n‡Z †cvbv msMÖ‡ni ci Zv h_vh_fv‡e cvjb K‡i ¸YMZgvb m¤ú~Y© eªæW gvQ Drcv`b
Ki‡Q| G‡Z †cvbvi ¸YMZ gvb wbwðZ n‡”Q| ewa©Z †cvbvi Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi Rb¨ eZ©gv‡b †`‡k 136 wU miKvwi
grm¨ exR Drrcv`‡b Lvgv‡ii cvkvcvwk †emivKvwi D‡`¨v‡M 893 wU n¨vPvwi cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q| mviwY‡Z 2-G MZ
K‡qK eQ‡ii miKvwi I †emiKvwi ch©v‡q grm¨ n¨vPvwi †Z Drcvw`Z †iYy/†cvbv Drcv`b cwimsL¨vb †`qv nj|
grm¨ n¨vPvwi †Z Drcvw`Z †iYy/ †cvYv Drcv`b

mvj n¨vPvwii msL¨v †iYy(‡gwUªK Ub) Drcvw`Z †cvbvi msL¨v (‡KvwU)
miKvwi †emiKvwi miKvwi †emiKvwi †gvU miKvwi †emiKvwi †gvU
2007 113 860 6.24 457.29 463.65 2.03 622.13 624.16
2008 113 873 6.40 416.95 424.35 2.76 549.04 551.80
2009 115 880 4.52 458.18 462.70 1.66 960.01 961.67
2010 120 862 5.59 460.20 465.79 2.11 983.87 985.98
2011 125 845 6.84 617.64 624.48 2.12 818.21 820.33
2012 125 902 9.07 626.52 635.59 2.14 822.62 824.76
2013 134 887 9.04 450.07 459.11 1.35 900.15 901.50
2014 136 893 9.87 492.47 502.34 4.28 1028.33 1032.61
Drm: evsjv‡`k A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv 2015
RvUKv msiÿY Kg©m~wP

Bwjk AfqvkÖg mwbœwnZ 4wU †Rjvi RvUKv AvniYKvix grm¨Rxwe‡ì weKí Kg©ms¯’ vb †UKmB wfwË‡Z cwiPvjbvi
wbwg‡Ë 5 eQi †gqvw` RvUKv msiÿY, †R‡j‡ì weKí Kg©ms¯’vb I M‡elYv cÖKí ev¯Íe vwqZ n‡”Q| G cÖKí
ev¯Íevq‡bi d‡j 2009 mvj n‡Z 2011 mvj ch©šÍ cÖKíf~³ Dc‡Rjvmg~‡ni RvUKv AvniYKvix A‡cÿvK…Z `wi`ª
grm¨Rxwe‡ì AMÖvwaKvi wfwË‡Z wewfbœ ai‡bi weKí Kg©ms¯’v‡bi eë¯’v K‡i cÖwkÿb †`qv n‡q‡Q| cÖw Z eQi
b‡f¤î †_‡K †g gvm ch©šÍ †gvU mvZ gvm RvUKv iÿv Kg©m~wP cvjb Kiv n‡q _v‡K| RvUKv Avni‡Y weiZ _vKv
†R‡j‡ì Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯’vi Dbœqb I weKí Kg©ms¯’v‡bi Rb¨ 2010-11 mv‡j 6,869 wU †R‡j cwievi‡K
5.17 †KvwU UvKv Ges 2011-12 mv‡j 7,500 wU †R‡j cwievi‡K 5.88 †KvwU UvKv e¨‡q DcKiY mnvqZv cÖ `vb
Ges 7785 mydj‡fvMx‡K weKí Kg©ms¯’ vb welqK cÖw kÿY cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| 2013-14 A_©eQ‡i 15 †Rjvi 81
wU Dc‡Rjvq 2,24,102 wU †R‡j cwiev‡ii g‡a¨ 40 †KwR nv‡i 4 gv‡m †gvU 35.86 nvRvi †g.Ub Lv`¨km¨ I
weKí Kg©ms¯’v‡bi Rb¨ 1,165 cwiev‡ii g‡a¨ 116.60 jÿ UvKv weZiY Kiv n‡q‡Q| Bwjk msiÿb I Aeva
cÖRbb Kivi j‡ÿ¨ grm¨ Awa`ß‡ii D‡`¨v‡M evsjv‡`‡ki †bŠevwnbx,evsjv‡`k †Kvó MvW© Ges weGdAviAvB Gi
AskMÖn‡b we‡kl mgwš^Z Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb Kiv n‡q‡Q|Gi d‡j 2013-14 A_©eQ‡i Bwj‡ki Drcv`b 3.85
†gwUªK Ub G †cŠ‡Q‡Q,hv 2008-09 A_©eQ‡i wQj 2.99 jÿ †gwUªK Ub|
grm¨ I grm¨RvZ cY¨ ißvwb
ê‡`wkK gy`ªv AR©‡bi †ÿ‡Î grm¨ LvZ e¨vcK mdjZv AR©b K‡i‡Q| evsjv‡`k †_‡K ¸bMZgvb m¤úbœ wngvwqZ
wPswo I grm¨RvZ cY¨ hy³ivóªI hy³ivR¨,Rvcvb,d«vÝ, nsKs, wmsMvcyi,‡mŠw` Avie, my`vbmn Ab¨vb¨ DbœZ †`‡k
ißvwb nq| 2013-14 A_©e Q‡i 0.77 jÿ †gwUªK Ub grm¨ I grm¨RvZ cY¨ ißvwb K‡i 4,898.22 †KvwU UvKvi
‰e‡`wkK g~`ªv AwR© Z n‡q‡Q| GQvov PjwZ 2014-15 A_©eQ‡i (Rvbyqvwi 2015) ch©šÍ 0.52 jÿ †gwUªK Ub grm¨
I grm¨RvZ cY¨ ißvwb K‡i 3204.24 †KvwU UvKvi ê‡`wkK gy`ªv AwR©Z n‡q‡Q| gv‡Qi Drcv`b e„w×i Rb¨ wej
bvm©vwi Kvh©µg MÖnb K‡i gy³ Rjvk‡q †cvbv Aegyw³i Kvh©µg Ges Drcv`b †_‡K †fv³v ch© v‡q mKj ¯Í‡i
grm¨RvZ c‡Yï gvb wbqš¿‡bi Rb¨ Ges

A_©bxwZ 2q cÎ
†Uª‡mwewjwU eë¯’vcYv Kvh©Ki Kivi me©vZ¥K D‡`¨vM MÖnb Kiv n‡q‡Q| c×wZ
cÖeZ©‡bi gva¨‡g ¸bMZ gvbm¤úbœ wPswo ißvwb Kvh©µg ciPvwjZ nIqvq G Lv‡Z AvkvZxZ mvdj¨ AwR© Z n‡q‡Q|
cÖvwYm¤ú`
2005-06 A_©eQi‡K wfwËeQi a‡i 2013-14 A_©eQ‡ii wRwWwc‡Z cÖvwYm¤ú` DcLv‡Zi Ae`vb wQj 1.78
kZvsk| evsjv‡`k cwimsL¨vb ey¨‡ivi mvgwqK wnmve Abyh vqx 2013-14 A_©eQ‡i †gvU K…wlR wRwWwc‡Z cÖvwYm¤ú`
DcLv‡Zi Ae`vb 14.08 kZvsk cÖ v°jb Kiv n‡q‡Q| wRwWwc‡Z cÖvwYm¤ú` DcLv‡Zi Ask ¯^í n‡jI ˆ`bw›`b
Lv‡`¨ gvbe‡`‡n AZ¨vek¨Kxq cÖ vwYR Avwg‡li Pvwn`v c~iY,Kg©ms¯’vb m„wó,Pvlvev`,Pvgov Ges PvgovRvZ `ªe¨vw`
Drcv`b I ißvwb‡Z Ges we‡kl K‡i Lv`¨ wbivcËv †ÿ‡Î G DcLv‡Zi f~wgKv Acwimxg| Mevw` cï I nuvm-gyiwMi
wUKv Drcv`b I m¤úªmviY, ¯^íg~‡j¨ nuvm-gyiwMi ev”Pv mieivn,RvZ Dbœq‡bi Drcvw`Z Zij I wngvwqZ wm‡gb
Øviv K…wÎg cÖRbb Kvh©µg MÖnb cÖf…w Z cÖvwYm¤ú` Lv‡Zi Dbœq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ M„wnZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Kvh©µg|
2014-15 A_©eQ‡i Rvbyqvwi 2015 ch©šÍ †`‡k Mevw` cÖ vwY I nuvm-gyiwMi msL¨v ùvwo‡q‡Q cÖvq h_vµ‡g 5 †KvwU
39 jÿ 87 nvRvi Ges 31 †KvwU 5 jÿ 52 nvRvi| mviwY 7.8 G †`‡k cÖvwY I cvwLi cwimsL¨vb †`qv nj|
cÖvwY I cvwLi msL¨v
cÖvwY/cvwL msL¨v (jÿ)
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2013-14
(Rvbyqvwi 15)
Miæ 229.0 229.76 230.51 231.21 231.95 233.41 234.88 235.74
gwnl 12.6 13.04 13.49 13.94 14.43 14.50 14.57 14.61
QvMj 215.6 224.01 232.75 241.49 251.16 252.76 254.39 257.34
†fov 27.8 28.77 29.77 30.02 30.82 31.43 32.06 32.18
†gvU Mevw` 485.50 495.58 506.52 516.66 528.36 532.11 535.90 539.87
cÖvwY
gyiwM 2124.7 2213.94 2280.35 2346.86 2428.66 2490.00 2553.11 2590.79
nuvm 398.4 412.34 426.77 441.20 457.00 472.53 488.61 498.30
†gvU nu vm- 2523.10 2626.28 2707.12 2788.06 2885.66 2962.64 3041.72 3089.09
gyiwM
cÖvwYR Drm n‡Z †`‡k Drcvw`Z Lv`¨ cY¨ †hgb: `ya,gvsm(Miæ QvMj,nuvm-gyiwM) Ges wW‡gi cwigvY wbqwgZfv‡e
e„w× cv‡”Q| 2006-07 A_©eQi †_‡K 2014-15 A_©eQi(Rvbyqvwi 2015) ch©šÍ cÖvwYRvZ c‡Yï Drcv`b wb‡¤œi
mviwY‡Z †`Lv‡bv n‡jv:
`ya, gvsm I wW‡gi Drcv`b
`ªe¨ GKK Drcv`b
2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
`ya jÿ Ub 22.8 26.50 22.86 23.65 29.47 34.63 50.67 60.90 45.41
gvsm jÿ Ub 10.4 10.40 10.84 12.64 12.86 23.32 36.20 23.3245.20 39.86
wWg jÿ wU 53690 56532 46920 57424 60785 73038 76173.80 101380 57580.72

Mevw` cÖvwYi K…wÎg cÖRbb

K…wÎg cÖRbb GKwU ¸iæZ¡ c~Y© Kvh©µg| eZ©g v‡b mfvi¯’ †K›`ª xq K…w Îg cÖRbb M‡elYvMvi I †Rjv †K‡›`ª iwÿZ
DbœZ Rv‡Zi luv‡oi wm‡gb msMÖn K‡i Zij I wngvwqZ Dcv‡q mgMÖ †`ke¨vcx K…wÎg cÖRbb m¤úªmviY Kvh©µg
cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q| †`‡ki 3,752 wU K…wÎg cÖRbb Dc-‡K›`ª I c‡q‡›Ui gva¨‡g wngvwqZ I Zij wm‡gb eënvi
K‡i K…wÎg cÖRbb m¤úªmviY Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q| PjwZ 2014-15 A_©eQ‡i Rvbyqvwi,2015 ch©šÍ K…wÎg
cÖRbb K… Z Mvfxi msL¨v `vwo‡q‡Q 17.78 jÿ|
cÖvwY m¤ú` AvBb cÖYqb I cÖ vwY m¤ú` AeKvVv‡gv Dbœqb
Mevw`cï-cvwLi gvbm¤§Z Lv`¨ mieivn Ges wbwe©Pv‡i Mevw`cï RevB †ivamn gvby‡li Rb¨ gvbm¤§Z gvsm
mieiv‡ni welqvw` we‡ePbv K‡i h_vµ‡g grm¨ I cï Lv`¨ AvBb 2010 Ges cï RevB I gvs‡mi gvbwbqš¿b
AvBb 2011 RvZxq msm` KZ©„K cvk n‡q‡Q| eZ©g v‡b G AvBb `y wUi wewagvjv cÖ Yq‡bi KvR Pj‡Q| cï Lv`¨
wewagvjv 2013 Kvh©Ki n‡q‡Q| G Qvov evsjv‡`‡k wPwoqvLvbv AvBb 2010 cÖYq‡bi KvRI Pjgvb i‡q‡Q|
‡`‡k cÖvwY wPwKrmvi AvaywbK my‡hvM m„wói j‡ÿ¨ 64 wU †Rjv m`‡i cÖwZwôZ †Rjv cÖ vwY nvmcvZvj¸‡jv‡Z wPwKrmv
†mevi cvkvcvwk †cvwëª I Mevw` cÖvwYi †ivM wbY©q Ges †K›`ª xq cÖ vwYcywó M‡elYvMvi I wbe©vwPZ †Rjv¸‡jv‡Z cÖ vwY
cywó M‡elYvMvi n‡Z †cvwëª I Mevw` cÖvwYi Lv`¨ we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g mylg Lv`¨ wbwðZ Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq mnvqZv
†Ìqv n‡”Q| Dc‡Rjv †f‡Uwibvwi wWm‡cbmvwi †K›`ª n‡ZI †ivM wbY©q I wPwKrmv myweavi cvkvcvwk ÿz`ªL vgvwi I
K…lKMb‡K Mevw` cÖ vwY, nuvm-gyiwM jvjb cvj‡bi Dci cÖwkÿY I civgk© †mev cÖ`vb Kiv n‡”Q| cÖwkÿYcÖvß
A‡b‡KB AvZ¥Kg©ms¯’vb m„wói Rb¨ Lvgvi ¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| Dc‡Rjv cÖ vwYm¤ú` Dbœqb †K›`ª ( ) cÖKí (3q
ch©vq) Gi gva¨‡g wewfbœ Dc‡Rjvq cyivZb BDGjwWwm †givgZ I bZzb BDGjwWwm wbg©vb Ges n¨vPvwimn
AvÂwjK nuvm cÖRbb Lvgvi ¯’vcb cÖKí (3q ch© v‡q) KZ©„K wewfbœ miKvwi Lvgv‡i n¨vPvwi ¯’vcb Ges Ab¨vb¨
cÖK‡íi gva¨‡g wewfbœ AeKvVv‡gv wbg©vY KvR Pj‡Q|
cÖwZ‡ivaK wUKv I wPwKrmv cÖ`vb

cÖvwY Awa`ßi Mevw`cÖ vwY I nuvm-gyiwMi wewfbœ †ivM cÖw Z‡iva Kivi Rb¨ eZ©gv‡b 10 cÖKv‡ii wUKv Drcv`b,
weZiY I cÖ‡qvM K‡i Avm‡Q| 2014-15 A_©eQ‡ii Rvbyqvwi ch©šÍ †gvU 7 †KvwU 97 jÿ 41 nvRvi 672 †WvR
wUKv exR Drcvw`Z n‡q‡Q| GKB A_©eQ‡i DwjøwLZ mg‡q †gvU 33.59 jÿ Mevw`cÖvwY I 340.68 jÿ nuvm-
gyiwMi wPwKrmv †mev cÖ `vb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Gwfqvb Bbd¬‡z qÄv/evW© d¬z

2007 mv‡ji 22 gvP© mvfvi¯’ wegvb †cvwëª Kg‡cø· G cÖ_g Gwfqvb Bbd¬z‡qÄv/evW© d¬z mbv³ Kiv nq| †ivMwUi
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27,22,970 wU gyiwM Ges 36,00,632wU wWg aŸsm Kiv n‡q‡Q| GQvov Avian Influenza Preparedness and
Response Project Ges Strengthening of Support Services for Combating Avian Influenza in Bangladesh
k©xl©K `ywU cÖK í eZ©gv‡b ev¯Íevqbvaxb Av‡Q| Gwf‡qkb Bbd¬‡z qÄv‡ivM mbv³KiY I Z¡wir eë¯’v MÖnb wbwðZ
Ki‡Yi j‡ÿ¨ cÖvwYm¤ú` Awa`ß‡i ¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q I‡qewfwËK Gm,Gg,Gm †MBUI‡q wm‡÷g hvi gva¨‡g mswÿß
evZ©v †cÖiY I MÖnb K‡i ZvrÿwYK eë¯’v †bqv n‡”Q,hv †ivMwU wbqš¿‡Y mnvqK f~wgKv ivL‡Q|
K…wl Lv‡Zi ev‡RU

†`‡ki K…wl Drcv`b e„w ×, `vwi`ª¨ wbimb I RbM‡Yi Lv`¨ wbivcËv wbwðZKi‡Yi j‡ÿ¨ mvwe©K K…wl Lv‡Z 2014-
15 A_©eQ‡i K…wl,Lv`¨ Ges grm¨ I cÖvwYm¤ú` gš¿Yvj‡qi AbyK‡z j †gvU 15,419 †KvwU UvKv (Abybœqb Lv‡Z
12,609 †KvwU UvKv Ges Dbœ qb Lv‡Z 2,810 †KvwU UvKv) eivÏ i‡q‡Q, hv †gvU ev‡R‡Ui 6.15 kZvsk| †`kR
K…wl Drcv`b e„ w×i welqwU we‡ePbvq wb‡q K…lK‡ì mnvqZv cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ mvi I Ab¨vb¨ K…wl Kvh©µ‡gi fZ©ywK

A_©bxwZ 2q cÎ
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ivLv n‡q‡Q 67.15 †KvwU UvKv,Gi g‡a¨ Qvo Kiv n‡q‡Q 23.98 †KvwU UvKv|
gvQ I wPswo Pv‡l cwieZ©‡ bi aviv

gvQ I wPswo Pvl evsjv‡`‡k bZzb bq; Z‡e eëmvwqK D‡Ï‡k¨ e¨cKfv‡e Gm‡ei Pvl Aek¨B bZyb| Avengvb
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cÖ_vq wgVv cvwbi wewfbœ cÖRvwZi gvQ Pvl n‡q Avm‡Q| Av‡M cvwievwiK cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡bv Ges wKQz DØ„Ë m„wói
D‡Ï‡k¨ g~jZ †R‡j m¤úª `vq G Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ _vK‡Zv| wKš‘ weMZ K‡qK eQ‡i gvby‡li Pvwn`v e„ w×, gv‡Qi D”P
`vg, gvQ Pv‡li †KŠk‡j cwieZ©‡bi †ÿ‡Î miKv‡ii mwµq mn‡hvwMZv, AvZ¥Kg©ms¯’v‡bi eë¯’v BZ¨vwì †cÖwÿ‡Z
gvQ Pv‡li †ÿ‡Î A‡bK cwieZ©b N‡U‡Q| mv¤úªw ZKKv‡j gv‡Qi Drcv`be„w ×i j‡ÿ¨ miKvi wewfbœ c`‡ÿc MÖnb
K‡i‡Q| G¸‡jv nj: mgvRwfwËK grm¨ Pvl Kvh©µg m¤úªmviY I †Rvi`viKiY, wej bvm©vwi Kvh©µgb MÖnb, gy³
Rjvk‡q gv‡Qi †cvbv Aegy³KiY, grm¨ AfqvkÖg m„wó, fivU n‡q hvIqv b`x cybtLbb K‡i gv‡Qi Avevm¯’j
cybiæ×vi BZ¨vw`| Gme Kvh©µ‡gi d‡j MZ K‡qK eQ‡i gv‡Qi Drcv`b jÿ¨bxqfv‡e †e‡o‡Q|
gv‡Qi Drcv`b (Af¨šÍixY) jÿ †g. Ub

A_©eQi 2007-08 2010-11 2013-14
Drcv`b 20.66 25.15 29.51
eZ©gvb mg‡q Af¨šÍixY I ê‡`wkK evRv‡i wPswoi Pvwn`v wecyjfv‡e †e‡o hvIqvq Ges wPswo Pvl ¯^Kg©ms¯’ v‡bi
GKwU DËg Dcvq wnw‡m‡e cwiMwYZ nIqvq †`‡k wPswo Pv‡li h‡_ô cÖmvi N‡U‡Q| cÖavbZ mgy`‡ª cvK~jeZ©x
†Rjv¸‡jvi wb¤œ f~wg‡Z cwiKwíZfv‡e wPswo Pvl n‡”Q| mvaviYZ avb Pv‡li Dc‡hvMx bq Ggb Rwg‡Z wPswo Pvl
Kiv n‡”Q|
c~‡e© †`‡ki Lvj-wej I cyKzi Ab¨vb¨ gv‡Qi mv‡_ wPswoI Pvl Kiv n‡Zv| wKš‘ GLb Gi Pv‡li Rb¨ wbwg©Z
†Ni ¸‡jv‡Z me©vaywbK Dcv‡q †Kej wPswo Pvl Kiv n‡”Q| Gme †N‡i evM`v Mj`v, ebœv, QUv bv‡gi wPswo Pvl Kiv
nq| Z‡e Gm‡ei g‡a¨ Mj`v I evM`v wPswoi PvlB cÖa vb| Av‡M †Kej cÖ vK…wZK Drm †_‡K wPswo †cvbv msMÖn
Kiv n‡Zv; wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b mgy`ª †_‡K wPswo †cvbv Avni‡Yi cvkvcvwk †emiKvwi Lv‡Z n¨vPvwii gva¨‡g wPswo †cvbv
Drcvw`Z n‡”Q| †`‡k eZ©gv‡b 7 nvRv‡iiI AwaK Lvgv‡i evM`v Ges 1 j‡ÿiI AwaK Lvgv‡i Mj`v wPswo Pvl
Kiv nq| Avwki `k‡K cÖvq 50 nvRvi †n±i Rwg‡Z wPswo Pvl Kiv n‡Zv; eZ©gv‡b Zv e„w × †c‡q cÖ vq 1 jÿ 40
nvRvi †n±i n‡q‡Q| wPswo ißvwb‡K †K›`ª K‡i †`‡k A‡bK wPswo cÖwµqvKiY KviLvbv M‡o DV‡Q; eZ©gv‡b G
KviLvbvi msL¨v 129 wU| c~‡e© wPswo Pvl †Kej †R‡j‡ì g‡a¨B mxgve× wQj wKš‘ GLb Zv A‡b‡Ki Kv‡QB
AvZ¥Kg©ms¯’vb, A‡_©vcvR©b I ê‡`wkK gy`ªv Av‡qi GKwU my›ì Dcvq wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡”Q|
gvkiƒg Pv‡l cwieZ©‡bi aviv

gvkiƒg GKwU †cÖvwUb ev Avwgl mg„× mewR; G‡K A‡b‡K Avevi mewR gvsm e‡jI AwfwnZ K‡ib| G‡Z K¨vjwi
I Pwe© Lye Kg _vK‡jI wfUvwgb I LwbR c`v_© ch©vß cwigv‡Y _v‡K| Lv`¨ we‡klÁ‡ì g‡Z me‡P‡q wb‡`©vl I
gyL‡ivPK Dcv‡q m‡e© v”P cywó GKgvÎ gvkiƒg †_‡K cvIqv hvq| Gi Drcv`‡b mvi ev KxUbvkK Gi eënvi Kiv
nq bv e‡j GwU cwi‡ek I kixi evÜeI e‡U|
Qvqvhy³ Kuy‡ oN‡i, †MvjcvZv Ni, ev euv‡ki Pvjv N‡i gvkiƒg Kiv nq| †mLv‡b eu vk ev Kv‡Vi ˆZwi Zv‡Ki
Dci iwÿZ wewfbœ Avav‡i AZ¨šÍ wbqwš¿Z cwi‡e‡k Gi Pvl Kiv nq| evsjv‡`‡k c~‡e© Lvevi Aby c‡hvMx gvkiæg

hÎZÎ Avcbv-Avcwb MRv‡jI eZ©gv‡b wbqwš¿Z cwi‡e‡k Lvevi Dc‡hvMx wewfbœ ai‡bi gvkiæg evwYwR¨K wfwË‡Z
Pvlvev` Kiv n‡”Q | eZ©gv‡b G †`‡k †hme gvkiæg Pvl Kiv n‡”Q Zvi g‡a¨ I‡q÷vi, wgé, ÷ª, wkZv, Fwl evUb,
cÖf…w Z cÖa vb|
m¤úªwZ evsjv‡`‡k ga¨weË I D”Pwe‡Ëi †jvK‡ì Lv`¨ ZvwjKvq gvkiæg GKwU cywóKi, my¯^v`y I ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z
Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e ax‡i ax‡i wb‡Ri ¯’vb K‡i wb‡”Q| GLb A‡b‡KB mewR Avi gvs‡mi mv‡_ gvkiæg eënvi Ki‡Qb|
ZvQvov Gi Øviv my¨c, Ag‡jU, cv‡Kvov,NyNwb, d«vB BZ¨vwÌ ˆZwi Kiv nq| eZ©g v‡b evsjv‡`‡k cÖvq me©ÎB GwU
evwbwR¨K wfwË‡Z Pvlvev‡ì †Póv Pj‡Q Ges A‡b‡KB Gi Pvl‡K AvZ¥Kg©ms¯’ v‡bi Dcvq wn‡m‡e †e‡Q wb‡”Q| ¯^í
cwim‡i, mvgvb¨ cywR‡Z I AwZ Aímg‡q GwU Drcv`b Kiv hvq| eZ©gv‡b Gi evRvi g~j¨ AwaK nIqvq Aí e¨v‡q
G Pvl †_‡K cÖPzi gybvdv AR©b Kiv hvq|
gvkiæ‡gi DcKvwiZv A‡bK| G‡Z kK©iv, Lv‡`¨vc‡hvMx Avu k, Pwe©,Avwgl, wewfbœ Lv`¨cÖvY,LwbR c`v_©,‡÷ij
BZ¨vw` cywóDcv`vb h‡_ó gvÎvq Dcw¯’ Z_v‡K| Gme cywó Dcv`vb bvbv fv‡e gvby‡li †`‡ni Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx| nvo I
ùvZ gReyZ Kiv, kixi cÖ vYešÍ ivLv, kix‡ii IRb Kgv‡bv, Wvqv‡ewUm †ivMx‡ì Av`k© Lvevi BZ¨vw` †ÿ‡Î
gvkiæg AZyjbxq| gvkiƒ‡gi Jlax ¸bI i‡q‡Q|
eb I bvm©vwi ¯’vc‡bi cwieZ©‡bi aviv

mvaviYfv‡e we¯Í… Z GjvKvRy‡o e„n `vKvi MvQcvjv, †Svc-Svo, ¸j¥jZv BZ¨vw` Øviv Av”Qvw`Z ¯’v‡b †hLv‡b
cÖvK…w ZK fv‡e eb¨ cï-cvwL, KxU-cZ½ I Ab¨vb¨ RxeRš‘ emevm K‡i Zv‡KB eb ejv nq| evsjv‡`‡ki eb Zvi
cÖvK…w ZK m¤ú‡ì AšÍM©Z| GLvbKvi ebf~wg †_‡K euvk, KvV, gay BZ¨vw` ebR m¤ú` AvnwiZ nq; GwU wewfbœ
cÖRvwZi Rxe-Rš‘i Avevm¯’jI e‡U| G †`‡ki cÖ vK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨ iÿvq eb ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| cÖvK…w ZK I
gbyl¨m„ó Kvi‡Y GLv‡b GK mgq wKQz ebf~wgi webvk NU‡jI ciewZ©‡ Z Zv wewfbœ Kvh©µ‡gi gva¨‡g cywl‡q †bqv
n‡”Q| G cÖwµqvq ebvq‡bi †ÿ‡Î wKQz cwieZ©b †`Lv hvq|
evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii eb Awa`ßi B‡Zvg‡a¨ †`‡k ebvqb Kvh©µg †Rvi`vi Kivi Rb¨ wewfbœ c`‡ÿc MÖnb
K‡i‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ `xN© I ¯^í †gqvw` evMvb m„Rb, e‡i›`ª Mvwj ebvqb, cÖw Zôvb ebvqb,wewµ I weZi‡Yi Rb¨ Pviv
D‡Ëvjb,g¨vb‡MÖvf evbvqb cÖf…wZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨| e‡bi Rxe êwPÎ¨ I cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek msiÿ‡Yi Ask wn‡m‡e
†mvbvPi, Pv`cvB, `y`gyLx, eb¨cÖvYx AfqviY¨ BZ¨vw` iwÿZ GjvKv wn‡m‡e †NvwlZ n‡q‡Q|
wdì mv‡f©i gva¨‡g K…w lR,ebR,‡flR,ÿwqòz I wejyßcÖ vq Dw™¢ `mn mKj cÖK vi e„ÿjZv cÖR vwZi bgyb v
msMÖn,mbv³KiY I msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ evsjv‡`k b¨vkbvj nvi‡ewiqvg cÖw ZwôZ n‡q‡Q| GQvov †`‡ki ebR m¤ú`
h_vh_fv‡e Kv‡R jvMv‡bvi Rb¨ evsjv‡`k ebwkí Dbœqb Ki‡cv‡ikb cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q| eb Dbœqb I ebR m¤ú`
welqK M‡elYv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ evsjv‡`k eb M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU n‡”Q|
bvm©vwi ¯’vcb †`‡k ebvqb Kvh©µ‡giB Ask| Gi gva¨‡g GKw`‡K †hgb ebvq‡bi Rb¨ g~jëvb Pviv Drcv`b
I weZiY Kiv hvq, †Zgwb Ab¨w`‡K ¯^Kg©ms¯’v‡biI eë¯’ v nq| †h RvqMvq Pviv Drcv`b K‡i Ab¨ †Kv_vI
†ivc‡bi c~e© ch©šÍ Zv cwiPh©v I iÿYv‡eÿY Kiv nq Zv‡K bvm© vwi e‡j|c~‡e© †Kej Avg, Rvg, KvVvj, Kzj, †c‡c,
BZ¨vw` d‡ji Pviv Drcv`b K‡i weµq Kiv n‡Zv| eZ©gv‡b ebvqY cÖwµqv †Rvi`vi Kivi Rb¨ GLv‡b †gnMwb,
†m¸b, KovB, kvj, MR©b, Pvcvwjk BZ¨vw` PvivI Drcv`b Kiv n‡”Q| GQvov we.G.wW.wm 9wU D`¨vb Dbœqb †K›`ª I
12wU G‡MÖv mvwf©m †m›Uv‡i Drcvw`Z wewfbœ dm‡ji Pviv, Kjg, ¸wU BZ¨vw` Drcv`b I Pvlx ch© v‡q weZiY Kvh©µg
cwiPvjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
wkÿv_©xi KvR
evsjv‡`‡k K…wl Lv‡Z km¨ Drcv`b,grm¨ Pvl, Mevw`cï I nuvmgyiwM cÖ wZcvjb, wPswo I gvkiæg Pvl, eb I
bvm©vwi ¯’ vc‡b cwieZ©‡bi MwZaviv we‡kølY Kiæb|

A_©bxwZ 2q cÎ
mvims‡¶c
 ¯^vaxbZvi ci K…wl Drcv`b‡hvM¨ f~wgi cwigvb †Zgb e„w× cvq wb A_P cÖw Zw`b e„w× †c‡q‡Q Lv`¨MÖnY
Kvixi msL¨v| we`¨gvb K…wl f~wg‡Z emZevwo wbg©vY I bMivq‡bi d‡j K…wl Drcv`b‡hvM¨ f~wgi cwigvb
e¨vcK fv‡e n«vm cvIqv ¯^‡Z¡I K…wl Drcv`‡b evsjv‡`‡ki mdjZv we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨| G cwieZ©b
Drcv`b Kjv‡KŠkj, DcKiYmg~‡ni cÖ‡qvM, km¨-Dw™¢` I cÖvwYR m¤ú` cwiPh© v, Drcv`‡bi cwigvb
BZ¨vw` †ÿ‡Î †ewk jÿYxq|

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1| eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k KZwU D”P djbkxj av‡bi Pvl n‡”Q?
K) cÖvq 35wU L) cÖvq 36wU M) cÖvq 37wU N) cÖvq 38wU
2| †`‡ki †gvU K… wlR Av‡qi KZ kZvsk grm¨ LvZ †_‡K Av‡m?
K) 21.60 L) 22.60 M) 23.60 N) 24.70
3| Avgv‡ì ‰`bw›`b Lv‡`¨ cÖvwYR Avwg‡li KZ kZvsk †hvMvb †`q gvQ?
K) 40 L) 50 M) 60 N) 70

cvV 2.5 K…wl FY I K…wl DcKiY weZiY

Agricultural Debt and Distribution of
Agricultural Inputs
D‡Ïk¨
 evsjv‡`‡k K…wl F‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Ges K… wl FY weZi‡bi Dc‡hvMxZv we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 evsjv‡`‡k K…wl F‡Yi Drm Ges K…wl FY mgm¨vi mgvavb eY©b v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl DcKiY weZi‡bi wewfbœ Kg©mP~ x eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
g~jcvV-
evsjv‡`‡k K…wl F‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv

K…wl Drcv`b evov‡bvi Rb¨ wewfbœ DcKiY µq, cvwb †m‡Pi eë¯’v Kiv, ¸`vgNi wbg© vb, Drcvw`Z cY¨ evRviRvZ
Kib BZ¨vw` Kv‡Ri Rb¨ K…lK‡ì †h F‡bi cÖ‡qvRb nq ZvB n‡jv K…wl FY| K…wl Kg©KvÛ Qvov Ab¨vb¨ Kvi‡b
K…lK †h FY MÖnb K‡i Zv‡K K…wl FY wn‡m‡e Mb¨ Kiv hvq bv| Drcv`‡bi Ab¨vb¨ Lv‡Zi g‡Zv K…wl‡Z g~ja‡bi
¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg| my&ôzfv‡e K…wlKvR cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z n‡j DbœZ ai‡bi K…wl hš¿cvwZ, fvj exR, mvi cÖf…wZ GKvšÍ
cÖ‡qvRb, wKš‘ me©bvkv `vwi‡`ªï Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`‡ki g‡Zv Dbœqbkxj †`‡ki K„lK K…wli Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡hvRbxq
g~jab msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| d‡j Zv‡K F‡Yi Dci wbf©i Ki‡Z nq| wKš‘ K…wl F‡Yi cÖK…wZ we‡kølY Ki‡j †`Lv
hvq †h MÖvg¨ gnvR‡biv K… lK‡ì wPi¯’ vqx `vwi`ª¨‡K FYx K‡i hyM hyM a‡i Zv‡ì‡K †kvlb K‡i‡Q|
evsjv‡`‡k K…wl Dbœq‡b K…w l F‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv wb‡P D‡jø L Kiv nj:
1. ¯^í Avq: Rwgi Drcvw`Kv kw³ Kg e‡j Avgv‡ì †`‡ki K„lK‡ì Avq AZ¨šÍ Kg| d‡j cwiev‡ii fiY
†cvlY I Rwg Pv‡li LiP Pvjv‡Z wM‡q Zviv FYMÖ ¯Í n‡q c‡o|
2. Drcv`b e¨q wbe©vn: `wi`ª¨ K„lK Drcv`b e¨vq wbe© v‡ni Rb¨ cÖ‡ qvRbxq g~jab wbe©vn Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| d‡j
K…wl hš¿cvwZ,exR-mvi BZ¨vw` µq; Miæ-QvMj, nuvm-gyiwMi Lvgvi ¯’ vcb BZ¨vw` K…wl Drcv`b e¨q wbe© v‡ni
Rb¨ K…lK‡K FY MÖn b Ki‡Z nq|
3. Rwgi ¯’vqx DbœwZ mvab: wbZ¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨vq wbe©v‡ni ci A‡bK mgq `wi`ª K…l‡Ki c‡ÿ wbR¯^ e¨‡q
Rwgi DbœwZ mvab Kiv m¤¢e ci nq bv| d‡j Rwgi ¯’ vqx Dbœw Z mva‡bi Rb¨ K…lK FY MÖnb K‡i|
4. cyi‡bv c×wZ‡Z Pvlvev`: evsjv‡`‡ki gZ `wi`ª †`k¸‡jv‡Z GL‡bv mbvZb c×wZ‡Z Pvlvev` Kiv nq|
G‡Z dmj Kg nq| d‡j K„l‡Ki AvqI Kg nq| G Kvi‡b A‡bK K…lK‡K FY MÖnb Ki‡Z nq|
5. cÖvK…w ZK `~‡h© vM: evsjv‡`‡ki eb¨v, N~wY©So cÖ f…wZ `y‡h© vM cÖvq wbqwgZ e¨vcvi| G‡Z †`‡k dmjnvwb,`ywf©ÿ
BZ¨vw` †`Lv †`q Ges K…lK FY MÖnb Ki‡Z eva¨ nq|
6. Mevw` cïi Afve: Avgv‡ì †`‡k Mvew`cïi GKvšÍ Afve i‡q‡Q| A‡bK mgq nv‡ji Rb¨ ej`
µqKivi Rb¨ K…lK FY MÖnb K‡i| †Kvb iK‡gi †iv‡Mi d‡j nv‡ji ej‡ì g„Zz¨ n‡j K…l‡Ki Avi
†Kv‡bv Dcvq _v‡K bv|
7. evRvi eë¯’vi ÎæwU: evRvi eë¯’vi ÎæwUi Rb¨ Dbœqbkxj †`‡ki K…lKiv Zvi c‡Yï b¨vh¨ g~j¨ cvb bv| `vjvj
gvnvRb I Ab¨vb¨ eëmvqxiv Avgv‡ì K…lK‡ì‡K cÖZvwiZ K‡i| myôz hvZvqvZ eë¯’vi Afv‡e K…lK Zvi cY¨
`~iewZ© evRv‡i wb‡q †h‡Z cv‡i bv| d‡j A‡bK mgq †m Zvi dm‡ji A‡a©K g~jÏ cvq bv|

A_©bxwZ 2q cÎ
8. ÎæwUc~Y© FY eë¯’v: evsjv‡`‡ki g‡Zv Dbœqbkxj †`kmg~‡ni FY`vb eë¯’ v LyeB ÎæwU c~Y©| †emiKwi
FY`vZviv K…lK‡ì KvQ †_‡K AZ¨šÍ Pov my` Av`vq K‡i| A‡bK †ÿ‡Î my‡ì nvi 60% I †`Lv †M‡Q|
9. cwic~iK Av‡qi Afve: Avgv‡ì K…lK ïay K…w li Dci wbf©i K‡i| Aemi mg‡q Ab¨ KvR Kivi myweav
Zv‡ì †bB| †`‡k KzwUi wk‡íi cÖmvi NU‡j K…lK Aemi mg‡q Avq K‡i Zv‡ì Avw_©K Ae¯’vi DbœwZ
Ki‡Z cviZ|
10. K…l‡Ki A`yi`wk© Zv: wkÿvi Afv‡e mvaviYZ K…lKmgvR A`yi`wk©| †h eQi dmj fvj nq †m eQi mÂq
bv K‡i Ah_v UvKv cqmv bó K‡i| d‡j dmj Lvivc n‡j FY Kiv Qvov Avi †Kvb Dcvq _v‡K bv|
11. RbmsL¨vi Pvc: wk‡í Abybœ Z †`kmg~‡ni K…wli Dci RbmsL¨vi Pvc Lye †ewk| ewa©Z cwievi cwiR‡bi
fib †cvlY Ki‡Z wM‡q A‡bK mgq K…lK m¤úª `vq FYMÖ¯Í n‡q c‡o|
12. wk‡ívbœq‡bi Afve: Dbœqbkxj †`kmg~‡n wk‡ívbœq‡bi MwZ AZ¨šÍ gš’i| wk‡ívbœq‡bi MwZ `ªæZ n‡j
K…wli Dci RbmsL¨vi Pvc n« vm †cZ| DØ„Ë †jvK Kj-KviLvbvq KvR Kivi my‡hvM †cZ|
13. `ªe¨g~j¨ e„w×: evsjv‡`‡k AK…wl wRwbmc‡Îi `vg A¯^vfvweK MwZ‡Z e„w× †c‡q P‡j‡Q| d‡j K„lK Zvi
mxwgZ Av‡qi mvnv‡h¨ msmvi Pvjv‡Z bv †c‡i FYMÖ ¯’ n‡q c‡o|
evsjv‡`‡k K…wl F‡Yi Drm I Zvi mgm¨vi mgvavb|

evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl F‡Yi Drmg~n‡K cÖavYZ `y †kÖY x‡Z wef³ Kiv hvq| h_v:
(K) AcÖ vwZôvwbK Drm I
(L) cÖ vwZôvwbK Drm
†h mKj Dr‡mi Dci miKvi ev evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki †Kvb wbqš¿Y †bB †m mKj Drm‡K AcÖvwZôvwbK Drm e‡j|
AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb,eÜz-evÜe,MÖvg¨ gnvRb,MÖvg¨ eëmvqx,‡ewbqv I abx e¨w³ BZ¨vw` AcÖ vwZôvwbK Dr‡mi AšÍf©~³|
cÿvšÍ‡i †h mKj Dr‡mi Dci miKvi I evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki kZ©vewj Av‡ivwcZ I wbqš¿Y cÖ wZwôZ †m mKj
Drm‡K cÖvwZôvwbK Drm e‡j| evsjv‡`k K…wl e¨vsK, mgevq Fb`vb mwgwZ, f‚wg eÜwK e¨vsK, evwbwR¨K
e¨vsK,evsjv‡`k e¨vsK I miKvi cÖf…wZ cÖ vwZôvwbK Dr‡mi AšÍf©~³| K…wl F‡Yi Drmmg~n GKwU ZvwjKvi gva¨‡g
cÖKvk Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
K…wl F‡Yi Drm
AcÖvwZôvwbK Drm cÖvwZôvwbK Drm
1.AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb I eÜz evÜe 1.evsjv‡`k K…wl e¨vsK|

2.MÖvg¨ gnvRb 2. mgevq FY`vb mwgwZ|
3. MÖvg¨ eëmvqx, †ewbqv I abx 3.f~wg eÜKx e¨vsK|
e¨w³| 4. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK|
4.dwoqv I †ecvix 5.evsjv‡`k e¨vsK|
6. miKvi|
7. mgwš^Z cjøx Dbœqb Kg©m~wP|
8.MÖvgxY e¨vsK BZ¨vw`|

(K) AcÖ vwZôvwbK Drm

1| AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb I eÜz-evÜe: K…l‡Kiv A‡bK mgq AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb I eÜz-evÜ‡ei wbKU n‡Z FY MÖnb K‡i| G
Drm n‡Z M„nxZ F‡Yi Rb¨ †ewki fvM †ÿ‡Î mvaviYZ my` w`‡Z nq bv| my` w`‡Z n‡jI my‡ì nvi Kg| FY
cwi‡kv‡ai †ÿ‡Î †Kvb evauvaiv wbqg _v‡K bv Ges mvaviYZ AwZ Aí mg‡qi Rb¨ G Drm †_‡K FY MÖnb Kiv
nq|
2| MÖvg¨ gnvRb: MÖvg¨ gnvR‡biv †mvbv iƒcv Ab¨vb¨ `vgx `ªe¨ I Rwg eÜK †i‡L AZ¨šÍ D”Pnvi my‡` K…lK‡ì FY
cÖ`vb K‡i| Awef³ fvi‡Z MÖvg¨ gnvRbB wQj K…wl FY mieiv‡ni cÖa vb Drm| K…wl F‡Yi kZKiv 70 fvMB
mieivn Kiv nZ MÖv‡gi gnvRb KZ©„K| fviZ wefw³i ci AwaKvsk wn›`y gnvRb fvi‡Z P‡j hvq| d‡j AvZ¥xq-
¯^Rb I eÜz-evÜe cÖa vb ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡i|
3. MÖvg¨ eëmvqx, †ewbqv I abx e¨w³: K…l‡Kiv A‡bK mgq MÖ v‡gi †QvU †QvU eëmvqx,‡ewbqv I abx e¨w³‡ì
wbKU n‡Z FY MÖnb K‡ib| G †ÿ‡Î K„l‡Kiv FY`vZvi wbKU b¨vh¨ `vg A‡cÿv Kg `v‡g km¨ weµq Ki‡Z
Av½xKvive× n‡q FY MÖnb K‡i| Avevi †Kvb mgq FY `vZv‡ì wbKU Zv‡ì Rwg eÜK †i‡L FY MÖnb K‡i| G
†ÿ‡Î mgq gZ FY cwi‡kva Ki‡Z e¨v_© n‡j FY`vZv Rwgi gvwj‡K cwiYZ nq| eZ©g v‡b MÖ vgevsjvq G ai‡bi
FY h‡_ó cÖvavb¨ we¯Í vi K‡i‡Q|
4| dwiqv I †ecvix: MÖvg¨ dwiqv I e¨vcvixMYI A‡bK mgq K…lK‡ì‡K FY w`‡q _v‡K| cÖ‡qvR‡b K…lKMY
Zv‡ì wbKU n‡Z FY msMÖn K‡i we‡kl fv‡e DcK…Z nq|
(L) cÖvwZôvwbK Drm

1| evsjv‡`k K…wl e¨vsK I ivRkvnx K…wl Dbœqb e¨vsK: K…lK‡ì FY cÖ`v‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ evsjv‡`k K…wl e¨vsK I ivRkvnx
K…wl Dbœqb e¨vsK ¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| K…wl I K…wl wfwËK wkí cÖwZôv‡b GB `ywU cÖwZôvb FY cÖ`vb K‡i| G `ywU e¨vsK Rwg
eÜK †i‡L ¯^í,ga¨g I `xN©‡gqv`x FY cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K| eZ©gv‡b †`‡ki cÖZ¨šÍ AÂ‡j G `ywU e¨vs‡Ki kvLv cÖwZwôZ
n‡q‡Q| mvi,exR I KxUbvkK JlacÎ µ‡qi Rb¨ ¯^í †gqvw` hš¿cvwZ, †Mv-gwnl µq I cïcvj‡bi Rb¨ ga¨g‡gqv`x
Ges f~wg Dbœqb, ¸`vgNi wbg©vY I fvwi hš¿cvwZ µ‡qi Rb¨ `xN©‡gqv`x FY cÖ`vb K‡i|
2| mgevq FY `vb mwgwZ: mgevq FY `vb mwgwZ¸‡jv cjø x MÖv‡g Aew¯’Z Ges K…lK‡ì Øviv msMwVZ| G me
FY`vb mwgwZi wk‡l© Av‡Q RvZxq mgevq e¨vsK| evsjv‡`k e¨vsK I K…wl e¨vsK mvaviYZ RvZxq mgevq e¨vs‡Ki
gva¨‡g G me mwgwZ‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq Znwej cÖ `vb K‡i|
3| f~wg eÜKx e¨vsK: f~wg ev Rwg eÜwK e¨vsK K…lK‡ì Rwg eÜK †i‡L mvaviYZ `xN©‡gqvw` FY cÖ`vb K‡i|
mvaviYZ 20 eQ‡ii g‡a¨ G e¨vsK n‡Z M„wnZ FY cwi‡kva Ki‡Z nq| Rwg eÜKx e¨vs‡Ki my‡ì nvi Zzjbvg~jK
fv‡e Kg|
4| evwYwR¨K e¨vsK: eZ©gv‡b evwbwR¨K e¨vsKmg~n cÖ Z¨ÿfv‡e K…lK‡ì‡K FY cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K| c~‡e© cvU
evRviRvZKi‡bi Rb¨ K…wl‡ÿ‡Î evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Fb cÖ`vb mxgve× wQj| wKš‘ 1977 mvj n‡Z evsjv‡`k e¨vsK
Gi wb‡`©k I mn‡hvwMZvq †`‡ki ivóª vqË evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv K…w l FY cÖ `v‡bi †ÿ‡Î mwµq f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q|
5| evsjv‡`k e¨vsK: evsjv‡`k e¨vsK K…lK‡ì FYcÖ`vb bv Ki‡jI G e¨vsK K…wl FY`vb Kvix wewfbœ cÖw Zôvb‡K
FY cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K| evsjv‡`k e¨vsK K…wl wefvM bv‡g GKwU wefv‡Mi gva¨‡g K…wl e¨vsK, mgevq e¨vsK cÖf…wZ
cÖwZôvb‡K FY cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K|
6| miKvi: evsjv‡`k miKvi A‡bK mgq K…lK‡ì‡K mivmwi FY cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K| miKvi cÖ`Ë G mKj
FYmg~n‡K miKvix FY e‡j| `yw f©ÿ, eb¨v, Liv cÖf…w Z `y‡h© v‡Mi mgq `wi`ª K… l‡Kiv hv‡Z exR mvi Miæ, KxUbvkK
Ilya cÎ µq Ki‡Z cv‡i †mRb¨ miKvi mivmwi &FY cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K| G F‡Yi my‡ì nvi Kg Ges cwi‡kva
Kivi kZ©I mnR|
7| mgwš^Z cjøx Dbœqb Kg©m~wP: mgwš^Z cjøx DbœqY Kg©m~wPi gva¨‡g K…lK‡ì‡K FY cÖ`vb Kiv nq| G ms¯’v
K…lK‡ì‡K mvi, exR, KxUbvkK, Jla I K…wl hš¿ cvwZ µq Kivi Rb¨ FY cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K|

A_©bxwZ 2q cÎ
8| MÖvgxY e¨vsK: MÖ vgxY e¨vsK evsjv‡`‡ki `wi`ª I f~wgnxb K…lK‡ì RvgvbZwenxb FY `vb K‡i _v‡K| Gi d‡j
AvZ¥Kg©ms¯’vbg~jK Drcv`bkxj Kg©Kv‡Û g~jab †hvMvb †hgb mnR n‡q‡Q †Zgwb `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôxi Avq, Kg©ms¯’vb
I mÂq e„w×i gva¨‡g A_©‰bwZK êlg¨ `~i Kiv m¤¢e ci n‡”Q|
K…wl F‡Yi mgm¨vi mgvavb

evsjv‡`‡k K…wl F‡Yi `ªæZ Dbœ q‡bi Rb¨ mnR k‡Z© ch©vß cwigvY K…wlFY cÖ‡qvRb| evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl F‡Yi
mgm¨vi myôz mgvav‡bi Rb¨ wb¤œwjwLZ eë¯’ v MÖnb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i:
1. FY `v‡bi †ÿ‡Î RwUjZv AcmviY: K…wl FY`vbKvix cÖw Zôvbmg~‡ni FY`vb c×wZ mnR I mij nIqv
evÃbxq| G D‡Ï‡k¨ Rvgvb‡Zi KivKwi wkw_j Ki‡Z n‡e| FY`v‡bi Ah_v Kvj‡ÿc‡Yi cÖeYZv `~i Ki‡Z n‡e|
2. AwaK msL¨K mgevq FY`vb mwgwZ ¯’ vcb I cybM©Vb: K…wlF‡Yi †hvMvb e„w× Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ MÖv‡g MÖ v‡g
mgevq FY`vb mwgwZ MVb Ki‡Z n‡e| mgevq FY`vb mwgwZ‡K AwaKZi Kvh©Ki Kivi Rb¨ mwgwZ¸‡jvi FY
cÖ`vb ÿgZv evov‡Z n‡e| MÖv‡gi UvDU‡ì Rb¨ mwgwZi `vi iæ× Ki‡Z n‡e, Kg©Pvix‡ì `yY©xwZgy³ n‡Z n‡e I
RbM‡bi g‡a¨ mgevqx g‡bvfve RvMv‡Z n‡e|
3. K…wl F‡Yi myôz eënv‡ii wbðqZv weavb: K…wl FY hv‡Z Abyrcv`bkxj mvgvwRK AvPvi Abyô v‡b I Ab¨vb¨
Kv‡R eënvi bv nq †mRb¨ myôz Z`viwKi eë¯’v MÖnb Ki‡Z n‡e| K…w l FY Aek¨B K…wli Drcv`b e„ w×i Rb¨
eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e| G m¤ú‡K© FY`vZv cÖwZôvb I FY MÖ wnZv‡ì g‡a¨ mwVK aviYv _vKv cÖ‡qvRb|
4. AvgjvZvwš¿K g‡bvfve cwinvi: K…wl FY`vbKvwi cÖ wZôv‡bi Kg©Pvix‡ì AvgjvZvwš¿K g‡bvfve cwinvi
K‡i †mevi g‡bvfve cÖmvi Ki‡Z n‡e| Kg©Pvix‡ì AvgjvZvwš¿KZv GZ Pi‡g D‡V‡Q †h, mvaviY I AwkwÿZ
K„l‡Ki †ÿ‡Î FYMÖnb Kiv cÖvq `y tmva¨|
5. mgqgZ FY cwi‡kv‡ai eë¯’ v: mgqgZ MÖn xZvi FY cwi‡kva m¤ú‡K© Kvh©Ki cÖ `‡ÿc MÖnb Kiv
cÖ‡qvRb| Gi Rb¨ cª‡qvRbxq Kg©P vix‡ì F‡Yi eënvi m¤ú‡K© Z`viwKi eë¯’v Kiv, cÖK…Z K…lK‡ì K…wl FY
cª`v‡bi eë¯’v Kiv Ges K…wl F‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ I Gi eënvi m¤ú‡K© K…lK‡ì‡K civgk© cÖ`vb Kiv| G‡Z K…wl F‡Yi
h_vh_ eënvi n‡e| K…lK‡ì Avq evo‡e Ges K…w l FY cwi‡kva Kiv FYMÖn xZvi c‡ÿ mnR n‡e|
6. FY`vb cÖwZôv‡bi FY cÖ `vb ÿgZv e„w×: †h me cÖwZôvb K…wl FY cÖ`vb K‡i Zviv hv‡Z K…lK‡ì Pvwn`v
Abyhvqx FYcÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i †m Rb¨ H me cÖwZôv‡b ch©vß g~jab _vKv cÖ‡ qvRb| G †ÿ‡Î evsjv‡`k e¨vsK I
miKvi AviI mwµq f~wgKv cvjb K‡i H me cÖwZôv‡bi FY cÖ`vb ÿgZv e„w× Ki‡Z n‡e|
7. myôz FY bxwZgvjv: K…wl FY eë¯’vi ÎæwUmg~n `~i K‡i myôz K…wl FY bxwZ cÖYqb Kiv cÖ‡ qvRb Ges †m
bxwZgvjv mKj FYcÖ `vb ms¯’ vi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡Z n‡e|
8. `yb©xwZ I ¯^RbcÖxwZ †iva: cÖK… Z K…l‡Kiv K…w li Drcv`b evov‡bvi Rb¨ hv‡Z K…w l FY †c‡Z cv‡i †m Rb¨
K…wl FY cÖ `v‡bi †ÿ‡Î `y b©xwZ I ¯^R bcÖ xwZi g~j DrcvUb Ki‡Z n‡e| `yYx© wZ I ¯^RbcÖ xwZ †iv‡a cÖ‡qvR‡b K‡Vvi
kvwšÍg~jK eë¯’v MÖn b Ki‡Z n‡e|
9. MÖvgvÂ‡j AwaK msL¨K FY`vbKvix e¨vsKmg~‡ni kvLv ¯’ vcb: K…wl FY mgm¨v mvgvav‡bi Rb¨ MÖvgvÂ‡j
AwaK msL¨vK K…wl FY`vbKvix e¨vsKmg~‡ni kvLv ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡Z K„lKMY AwZmn‡R I Abvqv‡m FY
msMÖn Ki‡Z cvi‡e Ges K…wl FY MÖn‡bi Rb¨ AvMÖn x n‡e|
10. cÖvwZôvwbK Dr‡mi Dci wbf©ikxjZv n«vm: AcÖvwZôvwbK Drm †_‡K K… lK‡ì FY MÖn‡bi AvMÖn Kg‡Z n‡e
Ges GRb¨ wewfbœ cÖwZôvwbK Drm n‡Z hv‡Z K…l‡Kiv mnR k‡Z© cÖ‡qvRb gZ FY †c‡Z cv‡i Zvi eë¯’v Ki‡Z
n‡e| G D‡Ï‡k¨ MÖv‡g MÖv‡g AwaK msL¨K K…wl FY`vbKvix cÖw Zôv‡bi kvLv Lyj‡Z n‡e|
11. Rvgvb‡Zi kZ© wkw_j: K…wl F‡Yi m~‡hvM-myweav hv‡Z ÿy`ª I cÖvwšÍK K…l‡Kiv †c‡Z cv‡i †mRb¨ K…wl
F‡Yi Rvgvb‡Zi kZ© wkw_j Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| KviY evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk K…lK `wi`ª| FY MÖn‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq
RvgvbZ †`qvi m¤ú` AwaKvsk K…l‡KiB †bB|

12. my‡ì nvi wbY©q: AcÖvwZôvwbK Drm n‡Z K…lK‡ì cÖ vß F‡Yi my‡ì nvi miKvi KZ©„K KovKwofv‡e
wbqwš¿Z nIqv DwPZ| MÖvg¨ gnvRb,eëmvqx I abx e¨w³‡ì FY`vb Kvh©vewj miKvwi wbqg-Kvby‡bi AvIZvq
Avbvi Rb¨ Dchy³ eë¯’ v MÖnb Ki‡Z n‡e|
13. gnvRbx †kvl‡Yi weiæ‡× AvBb cÖYqb: MÖ vg¨ gnvRb I †RvZ`viMY F‡Yi bv‡g hv‡Z `wi`ª K…lK‡ì Rwg
AvZ¥mvr wKsev AZ¨vPvi I †kvlY Ki‡Z bv cv‡i †mRb¨ G‡ì ¯^ v_© iÿvi Rb¨ AvBb cÖYqb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| Gme
eë¯’v MÖn‡bi gva¨‡g evsjv‡`‡ki K…lK‡ì K…wYFY mgm¨vi mgvavb †`qv m¤¢e|
14. Drcv`b e„w×: K…wl Drcv`b evov‡j K…lK‡ì F‡Yi cª‡qvRb Kg‡e| d‡j K…lK‡ì FY mgm¨vi A‡bKUv
mgvavb n‡e|
evsjv‡`‡k K…wl FY weZi‡Y wewfbœ Kg©m~Px

K…wl FY weZiY Kg©m~wP: evsjv‡`‡ki K…lK‡ì †ewkifvMB `wi`ª| Zviv K…wl-Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wewb‡qvM
Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|GRb¨ Zv‡ì cÖ‡qvRb gvwdK, mgqg‡Zv I mn‡R FY cvIqv Avek¨K| G Ave¯’ vi †cÖwÿ‡Z
evsjv‡`k miKvi K…wl FY myweav cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ wm‡¤œv³ wewfbœ eë¯’v MÖnb K‡i‡Q:
1. F‡Yi AcÖvwZôvwbK Drm¸‡jv FYMÖnxZv K…lK‡ì‡K hv‡Z Ah_v nqivwb wKsev †kvlY Ki‡Z bv cv‡i
†mRb¨ miKvi GKwU RvZxq FY mvwjk †evW© MVb K‡i‡Q| G †evW© FY`vZv I FYMÖnxZv‡ì g‡a¨ Avcm-
gxgvsmv K‡i|
2. K…wl Drcv`‡b wewb‡qv‡Mi ¯^í Zv `~i Kivi Rb¨ miKvi evsjv‡`k K…wl e¨vsK I ivRkvnx K…wl Dbœqb e¨vsK
cÖwZôv K‡i‡Q| G¸‡jvi gva¨‡g gvSvwi my‡ì nv‡i K…lK‡ì‡K ¯^í, ga¨g I `xN©‡gqvw` FY cÖ `vb Kiv
nq| GQvov bM` Znwej mieiv‡ni gva¨‡g mivKvi 4 wU ivóªxq gvwjKvbvaxb evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv‡K K…wl
FY`vb Kvh©µ‡gi mv‡_ RwoZ K‡i‡Q|
3. miKvi K„wl FYweZiY mnRZvi Kivi j‡ÿ¨ ewa©Z K‡je‡i K…wl/cjøx FY bxwZgvjv I Kg©m~wP cÖYqb
K‡i‡Q| FY weZiY cÖwµqv mnRZi Kivi Rb¨ bxwZgvjvq bZzb bZzb welq mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡”Q|
4. mKj e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©Ki AskMÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g K„wlF‡Yi cwigvb I AvIZv evov‡bv Ges cjøx GjvKvq e¨vswKs
Kg©Kv‡Ûi m¤úªmvi‡Yi †KŠkjMZ c×wZ Aej¤^ b Kiv n‡”Q|
5. cÖvwšÍK ch©v‡q K… lK‡ì K_v wPš‘ v K‡i miKvi ÿz`ª K…lK Dbœqb dvD‡Ûk‡bi AvIZvq RvgvbZwenxb
ÿz`ªFY Kg©m~wP Pvjy K‡i‡Q|
6. Avg`vwb weKí km¨ Pv‡l kZKiv 4 fvM †iqvwZ my‡ ì nv‡i FY cÖ `vb Kiv n‡”Q|
K…wl DcKiY weZi‡Yi wewfbœ Kg©m~Px:

K…wl Drcv`b evov‡bvi Rb¨ mKj cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY ch©vß cwigv‡Y I wbqwgZ †hvMvb GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRb| `vwi`ª I
AÁZvi Kvi‡Y G‡ÿ‡Î G‡`‡ki K…l‡Kiv A‡bK wcwQ‡q Av‡Q| ZvB G e¨vcv‡i miKvi‡iB AvMÖnx f~wgKv cvjb
Ki‡Z nq| wewfbœ K…wl DcKiY Dchy³ `vg I cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigv‡Y weZi‡Yi Rb¨ miKv‡ii e¨vcK Kg©m~wP i‡q‡Q:
1. K…wl DcKi‡Y fZ©ywK cÖ`vb
Rb¯^v_© iÿv I RbKj¨vY e„w×i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq `ª‡eï Drcv`b e¨‡qi Askwe‡kl miKvi KZ©„K enb Kiv fZ©ywK
e‡j we‡ewPZ nq| GgbwU Kiv n‡j mswkøó `ªe¨wUi `vg Kg _v‡K| evsjv‡`‡k wewfbœ K…wl DcKiY †hgb K…wl
hš¿cvwZ, mvi BZ¨vw` K…wl Drcv`b e„w×i Rb¨ GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRb| wKš‘ Gme DcKi‡Yi `vg †ewk _vKvq G‡`‡ki
`wi`ª K…l‡Kiv †m¸‡jv cÖ‡ qvRb gvwdK msMÖn I eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| d‡j Drcv`b I Avq Kg nq| ZvB
miKvi Gme DcKiY Drcv`‡bi †ÿ‡Î fZ©ywK cÖ`vb K‡i hv‡Z †m¸‡jvi `vg mvaviY K…lK‡ì µqÿgZvi g‡a¨
_v‡K Ges Zviv mn‡RB †m¸‡jv eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡i| mvi I Ab¨vb¨ K…wl DcKi‡Yi Rb¨ 2011-12 A_©eQ‡ii
ev‡RU 6,500 †KvwU UvKv eiv× ivLv nq|

A_©bxwZ 2q cÎ
2. K…wl DcKiY mnRjf¨KiY

gvbm¤§Z/D”P djbkxj exR K…wl Drcv`b e„w×i Ab¨Zg cÖavb DcKiY| AwaK cwigv‡Y gvbm¤§Z/D”P djbkxj
exR Drcv`b I K… lK‡ì wbKU mieiv‡ni gva¨‡g dm‡ji Drcv`b e„w× m¤¢e| G ai‡bi exR Drcv`‡bi Rb¨
miKvi †`‡k avb M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU,K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU,cvU M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU, BZ¨vw` ms¯’ vcb K‡i|
Gme Bb÷wUDU avb,Mg,Avjy,kvK-mewR, Wvj, †Zj-exR BZ¨vwì DbœZ gv‡bi exR D™¢ veb K‡i|
DbœZ gv‡bi exR Drcv`b,ea©b,cÖwµqvRvZKiY,msiÿY Ges mieiv‡ni `vwqZ¡ evsjv‡`k K…wl Dbœ qb
Ki‡cv‡ikb Gi Dci b¨v¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| we.G.wW.wm mviv †`‡k 23wU `vbv km¨ exR, 2wU cvU exR, 2wU Avjy exR,
3wU Wvj I ˆZjexR I 2wU mewR exR Drcv`b Lvgvi cwiPvjbv K‡i‡Q; ZvQvov 75wU Pz w³e× Pvlx †Rv‡bi gva¨‡g
exRDrcv`b Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡K gvbm¤§ZexR mnRjf¨ Kivi Rb¨ ÔmvK© mxW e¨vsKÕ cÖwZôv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
weGwWwm 9wU D`¨vb Dbœqb †K›`ª I 12wU G‡MÖ v-mvwf©m †m›Uv‡ii gva¨‡g Drcvw`Z wewfbœ dm‡ji Pviv,Kjg,¸wU
BZ¨vw` Drcv`b I Pvwl ch© v‡q weZiY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡Q| exR Drcv`b I weZi‡Yi G cÖwµqvq miKvi
fZ©w~ K cÖ `vb Kivq Zv Kg `v‡g K…lK‡ì g‡a¨ weZiY Kiv m¤¢e nq| wb‡Pi mviwY‡Z weMZ K‡qK eQ‡i cÖavb
K‡qKwU K…wlc‡Yï exR weZiY cwiw¯’wZ Zz‡j aiv n‡jv:
(we.G.wW.wm Gi exR weZiY †gwUªK U‡b)
ex‡Ri bvg 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14(jÿ¨gvÎv)
avb exR 91821 85119 86008
Mg exR 27304 18852 27000
fzÆv exR 296 184 300
Avjy exR 20442 19322 23045
Wvj exR 1426 1699 2161
‰Zj exR 1092 1469 1952
cvU exR 1589 1094 1756
mewR exR 120 126 126
gmjvRvZxq exR 107 103 125
me©‡gvU 144197 127968 142463
km¨ Drcv`b evov‡bvi †ÿ‡Î mvi we‡kl K‡i K…wÎg mvi eënv‡ii weKí †bB| miKvi K…wl Lv‡Z mv‡ii
µgea©gvb Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi Rb¨ wbR D‡`¨v‡M cÖavbZ BDwiqv I wUGmwc mvi Drcv`b K‡i| c‡i Gi Ici fZ©~wK
w`‡q Drcv`b e¨‡qi †P‡q Kg `v‡g K…lK‡ì Kv‡Q wewµ K‡i| ZvQvov wUGmwc,wWGmwc I GgIwc mv‡ii
Avg`vwbi Ici kZKiv 25 fvM nv‡i fZ©~wK †Ìqv nq hv‡Z G¸‡jv `wi`ª K…l‡KivI cÖ‡qvRb-gvwdK µq Ki‡Z
cv‡i| wb‡P weMZ K‡qK eQ‡i evsjv‡`‡k mvi eënv‡ii GKwU mviwY †Ìqv n‡jv:
A_©eQi eëüZ mv‡ii cwigvY
2009-10 33.13
2010-11 40.85
2011-12 40.49
2012-13 41.33
3. K…wl DcKiY mnvqZv KvW©

evsjv‡`‡k Lv‡`¨ ¯^qsm¤ú~ Y©Zv AR©‡bi Rb¨ miKvi wewfbœ mg‡q wewfbœ c`‡ÿc MÖnb K‡i‡Q| Gm‡ei gva¨‡g
m¤úªwZ M„wnZ K…w l DcKiY mnvqZv KvW© Kg©m~wP Ab¨Zg| G Kg©m~wPi Aax‡b cÖ vwšÍK (2.02-0.19 †n‡±i Rwgi
gvwjK), ÿz`ª (0.20-1.00 †n±i Rwgi gvwjK) Ges gvSvwi (1.01-3.03 †n±i Rwgi gvwjK) K…lK‡ì‡K e¨vsK
gvidZ bM` A_© fZ©w~ K wn‡m‡e cÖ`vb Kiv nq| cÖ‡qvRbxq wewfbœ K…wl DcKiY µ‡qi Rb¨ G Avw_©K mnvqZv
†Ìqv nq| BDwbqb cwil` KZ©„K wbe©vwPZ Dwjø wLZ wZb †kÖwYi K…lK‡ì‡K G myweavi AvIZvq Avbv nq|

K…wl DcKiY mnvqZv KvW© Kg©m~wP‡Z bM` Avw_©K mnvqZv MÖnb Ges Avw_©K †jb‡`b cwiPvjbvi Rb¨
K…lK‡ì‡K e¨vs‡K †KejgvÎ 10 UvKv Rgv w`‡q GKwU wnmve Lyj‡Z nq| G‡ÿ‡Î e¨vs‡K b~b¨Zg bM` A_© Rgv
ivLvi weavb cÖ‡hvR¨ nq bv| ZvQvov wnmve †Lvjvi Rb¨ MÖvnK‡ì‡K kbv³Ki‡YiI cÖ‡qvRb c‡o bv| GLv‡b
Avw_©K myweav MÖn‡bi Rb¨ K…lK‡ì‡K †h KvW© †Ìqv nq ZvB Zv‡ì P~o všÍ cwiPqcÎ wn‡m‡e MY¨ nq| Kv‡W©
Avw_©K mnvqZv cÖ `v‡bi †h weeiY _v‡K Zv‡Z mswkøó K…l‡Kiv exR, K…wlFY, mvi I Ab¨vb¨ K…wl DcKib Ges K…wl
cybe©vm‡bi myweavI cvIqvi AwaKvix nq|
cÖv_wgKfv‡e me©cÖ_g 2009-2010 mv‡j †ev‡iv avb Drcv`‡b wb‡qvwRZ 1 †KvwU Pvlx‡K AMfxi bjK~‡ci
mvnv‡h¨ cvwb †m‡Pi Rb¨ wW‡Rj µqeve` bM` A_© mnvqZv †`qv nq| G‡ÿ‡Î cÖvwšÍK I ÿz`ª K…lK‡ì‡K gv_vwcQz
800 UvKv Ges gvSvwi K…lK‡ì‡K 1000 UvKv bM` A_© mnvqZv †Ìqv nq| Lv‡`¨ ¯^ qsm¤ú~Y© Zv AR©‡bi cÖwµqv
†Rvi`vi Kivi Rb¨ cieZ©x eQiMy‡jv‡ZI G Kvh©µg Ae¨vnZ ivLv n‡q‡Q|
DcKiY mnvqZv KvW© †`‡k Lv`¨k‡mï Drcv`b e„w× I K…lK‡ì êlwqK Kj¨vb mva‡bi †ÿ‡Î GKwU
cÖksmbxq D‡`¨vM G K_v wbtm‡›`‡n ejv hvq|
wkÿv_©xi KvR
1| evsjv‡`‡k K…wl F‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Ges K…wl FY weZi‡Yi Dc‡hvMxZv we‡køl Y Kiæb|
2| evsjv‡`‡ki K…w l F‡Yi Drm Ges K…wl FY mgm¨vi mgvavb wK K‡i Ki‡eb eY©b v Kiæb|
3| evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl DcKiY weZi‡bi wewfbœ Kg©m~Px eY© bv Kiæb|
mvims‡¶c
 myôzfv‡e K„wlKvR cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z n‡j DbœZ ai‡bi K…wl hš¿cvwZ, exR, mvi cÖf…wZ GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRb, wKš‘
me©bvkv `vwi‡`ªï Kvi‡b evsjv‡`‡ki g‡Zv Dbœqbkxj †`‡ki K…lK K…wli Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq g~jab
msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| d‡j Zv‡K F‡Yi Dci wbf©i Ki‡Z nq wKš‘ K…wl F‡Yi cÖK…wZ we‡kølY Ki‡j †`Lv
hvq †h, MÖvg¨ gnvR‡bi K…lK‡ì wPi¯’vqx `vwi‡`ªi my‡hv‡M Zv‡ì‡K hyM hyM a‡i †kvlb Ki‡Q|

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1| K…wl F‡Yi Drm‡K KqwU †kÖwY‡Z fvM Kiv nq?
K) 4wU L) 3wU M) 2wU N) 5wU
2| f‚wg eÜKx e¨vsK †_‡K M„nxZ FY KZ erm‡ii g‡a¨ cwi‡kva Ki‡Z nq?
K) 10 ermi L) 20 ermi M) 5 ermi N) 15 ermi|
3| evsjv‡`‡k ivóªvqZ¡ evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv KZ mvj †_‡K K…wl FY cÖ`vb Ki‡Q?
K) 1975 L) 1981 M) 1983 N) 1977
4| evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl F‡Yi Drm‡K Kqfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq?
K) `yBfv‡M L) wZbfv‡M M) Pvifv‡M N) cuvPfv‡M
5| K…wl F‡Yi cÖvwZôvwbK Drm †Kvb¸wj?
i. AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb I eÜz evÜe
ii. MÖvg¨ gnvRb
iii. evsjv‡`k K…wl e¨vsK
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii

A_©bxwZ 2q cÎ
cvV 2.6 km¨ eûgyLxKiY I †mP myweav m¤úªmviY

Crops Diversification and Extension of
Irrigation Facilities
D‡Ïk¨
 evsjv‡`‡k K…wl Dbœqb km¨ eûgyLxKib I †mP myweav m¤úªmvi‡Yi cÖ fve eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
g~jcvV-
m¤úªwZ K…wl Drcv`b c×wZ‡Z †h cwieZ©b¸‡jv m~wPZ n‡q‡Q Zvi g‡a¨ k‡mï eûgyLxKiY Ab¨Zg| mbvZb
c×wZ‡Z Pvlvev‡ì †ÿ‡Î GKB Rwg‡Z evi evi GKB km¨ Drcv`b Kiv nq| †hgb evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk Rwg‡Z
eQ‡ii ci eQi †Kej avb Pvl Kiv nq| evi evi GKB km¨ Drcv`b Kivi d‡j Rwgw¯’Z K‡qKwU wbw`©ó ivmvqwbK
Dcv`vb wbt‡kl n‡Z _v‡K| d‡j Rwgi Drcvw`Kv kw³ n«vm cvq| G Ae¯’ vq wbw`©ó km¨wUi Drcv`b K‡g hvq|
GKB Rwg‡Z wewfbœ mgq wewfbœ dmj Pvlvev`‡KB km¨ eûgyLxKiY e‡j| †hgb, GKB Rwg‡Z avb Pv‡li ci cvU
I Zvi ci Wvj Pvl Ki‡j Zv n‡e km¨ eûgyLxKiY | G Rb¨ wewfbœ ivmvqwbK Drcv`b eëüZ nq e‡j Rwgw¯’Z
ivmvqwbK Dcv`vb¸‡jvi gvb eRvq _v‡K| d‡j Rwgi De©iZv Aÿzbœ _v‡K Ges Drcv`b e„ w× cvq|
dmj eûgyLxKi‡bi myweav

evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl‡Z dmj eûg~L xKi‡Yi wb‡¤œ v³ myweav i‡q‡Q:
1. wewfbœ dmj Drcv`b: dmj eûgyLxKi‡bi d‡j GKB Rwg‡Z eQ‡i GKvwaKevi wfbœ wfbœ dmj Drcv`b
Kiv hvq| wKš‘ GKB Rwg‡Z GKB dmj GKvwaK evi Drcv`b Kiv DwPZ bq|
2. Rwgi De©iZv msiÿY: dmj eûgyL xKi‡bi gva¨‡g Rwgi fwel¨Z Drcvw`Kv kw³ Aÿzbœ ivLv hvq| Rwg‡Z
evievi †KejgvÎ GKwU dmj Drcv`b Kiv n‡j H dm‡ji cÖ‡qvRbxq mvi wbt‡kwlZ n‡q hvq| G‡Z
Rwgi fwel¨Z Drcv`b ÿgZv n« vm cvq| wKš‘ dmj eûgyLxKi‡Yi gva¨‡g GKwU Rwg‡Z gvjwU dmj
Drcv`‡bi eë¯’ v Kiv n‡j GB mgm¨v `~i nq|
3. AvMvQv wbqš¿b: dmj eûgyLxKi‡Yi gva¨‡g A‡cÿvK„Z mn‡R AvMvQv wbqš¿b Kiv hvq| dmj
eûgyLxKi‡Yi Kvi‡b GKB Rwg eQ‡i K‡qKevi PvlKiv nq e‡j Rwg‡Z AvMvQv Rb¥v‡Z cv‡i bv|
cÿvšÍ‡i, Rwg‡Z GKwU gvÎ dmj Drcbœ Kiv n‡j D³ dmj DVvi ci eQ‡ii Aewkó mgq Rwg cwZZ
c‡o _v‡K| d‡j Rwg‡Z AvMvQv R‡b¥|
4. Pvwn`v e„w×: evsjv‡`‡k ïayg vÎ avb Pvl Kiv n‡j evRv‡i Ab¨ dm‡ji Pvwn`v wgUv‡bv hv‡e bv| dmj
eûgyLxKi‡Yi gva¨‡g K…wl‡Z wewfbœ FZz‡Z wewfbœ dmj Drcvw`Z n‡j Drcvw`Z cY¨My‡jv ci¯ú‡ii
Pvwn`v m„wó Ki‡e| G‡Z K…wl c‡Yï †gvU Pvwn`v e„ w× cv‡e|
5. Kg©ms¯’vb: dmj eûgyLxKi‡Yi mviv eQi wewfbœ dmj Drcbœ nq e‡j K…lK mviv eQiB Kg©iZ _v‡K|
d‡j Kg©ms¯’vb e„w×cvq Ges K…l‡Ki kÖg I mgq Ah_v bó nq bv|
6. SuywK n«vm: dmj eûgyLxKi‡Yi d‡j K…wl‡Z wewfbœ iKg dmj Drcvw`Z nq| d‡j †Kvb Kvi‡b GKwU
dm‡ji ÿwZ n‡jI Ab¨ dmj Øviv Zvi ÿwZ c~iY m¤¢e nq| G‡Z K…l‡Ki SuywKi cwigvb n«vm cvq|
7. †mP eë¯’vi m‡e©vËg eënvi: wewfbœ dm‡ji Rb¨ Rj †m‡Pi cÖ‡qvRb nq| dmj eûgyLxKi‡Yi d‡j
wewfbœ dm‡ji Rb¨ wewfbœ mg‡q Rj †m‡Pi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e| G‡Z †m‡Pi hš¿cvwZ KLbI A‡K‡Rv _vK‡e
bv Ges †mP eë¯’ vi `ÿZg eënvi m¤¢e n‡e|

8. cwienb LiP n«vm: K…l‡Ki wb‡R¯^ †fv‡Mi Rb¨ eû `ª‡eï cÖ‡qvRb nq| dmj eûgyLxKi‡Yi d‡j K…lK
Zvi cwiev‡ii cÖ‡qvRb Abym v‡i wewfbœ `ªe¨ Drcv`b Ki‡Z cv‡i| Zv‡K GKwUgvÎ `ª‡eï DØËvsk wewµ
K‡i Ab¨vb¨ `ªe¨ µq Ki‡Z nq bv| G‡Z cwienb LiP eu v‡P|
9. cywói ms¯’vb: K…l‡Ki wewfbœ dmj Drcvw`Z n‡j †m Zvi Lv‡`¨ wewfbœ Dcv`vb MÖnb Ki‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z
K…l‡Ki mylg I cywó mg„× Lv`¨ MÖn‡bi my‡hvM m„wó nq|
10. Avq e„w×: dmj eûgyLxKiY K…l‡Ki Avq e„w× K‡i| Rwg‡Z GKwU gvÎ dmj Drcvw`Z n‡j K…l‡Ki GK
eQ‡i GKevi gvÎ Avq cÖvwß N‡U| cÿvšÍ‡i dmj eûgyLxKi‡Yi d‡j K…lK mviv eQiB G‡Ki ci GK
dmj †c‡Z _v‡K| G‡Z K…l‡Ki Avq e„w× cvq|
11. GK‡N‡qgx n«vm: dmj eûgyLxKi‡Yi d‡j Rwg‡Z mviv eQi wewfbœ ai‡bi dmj Drcbœ nq| d‡j K…lK
evi evi GKB dmj Drcv`b Kivi K¬vwšÍKi GK‡N‡qwgi nvZ †_‡K iÿv cvq|
dmj eûg~LxKi‡Yi mxgve×Zv:

dmj eûg~LxKi‡Yi wKQz mxgve×Zv i‡q‡Q| Zv ms‡ÿ‡c Av‡jvPbv Kiv Kiv nj:
1. cÖhyw³ mxgve×Zv
2. Rwgi ¸bv¸b
3. kÖg I hš¿cvwZi cÖvc¨Zv
4. ˆbcyY¨ n«vm
1. cÖhyw³ mxgve×Zv: GKwU gvÎ dm‡ji Rb¨ M‡elYvi gva¨‡g beZi cÖhyw³ hZUv mnR eûdm‡ji †ÿ‡Î
ZZUv mnR bq| d‡j K…wl‡Z GKB Rwg‡Z wewfbœ ai‡bi dm‡ji †ÿ‡Î cÖhyw³MZ DrKl© mgvavb LvwbKUv
mxgve×|
2. Rwgi ¸bv¸b: mKj AÂj mKj `ªe¨ Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ mgvb Dc‡hvMx bq| †Kvb AÂ‡ji gvwU I Rjevqy
†Kvb GKwU we‡kl dm‡ji Dc‡hvMx n‡Z cv‡i| †hgb ewikv‡ji Zzjbvq gqgbwmsn AÂ‡ji Rjevqy I
gvwU cvU Pv‡li Rb¨ AwaKZi Dc‡hvMx| myZivs mKj `ªe¨ Drcv`‡bi †Póv bv K‡i †h AÂ‡ji gvwU †h
dm‡ji Dc‡hvMx †m AÂ‡j †m mKj Drcv`b Kiv DwPZ| G‡Z K…w li †gvU Drcv`b e„w× cv‡e|
3. kÖg I hš¿cvwZi cÖ vc¨Zv: Rwg‡Z GKwU gvÎ dmj Drcv`b Kiv n‡j †m dm‡ji Dc‡hvMx kÖg I hš¿cvwZ
msMÖn Kiv mnRZi nq| cÿvšÍ‡i, GKB Rwg‡Z hw` wewfbœ dmj Drcv`b Kiv nq Z‡e Zv‡ì Rb¨
cÖ‡qvRbxq wewfbœ ai‡bi kÖg I hš¿cvwZ msMÖn Kiv Kómva¨ n‡q c‡i|
4. ˆbcyY¨ n«vm: †Kvb GKRb K…lK †KejgvÎ GKwU `ªe¨ Drcv`‡b wb‡qvwRZ _vK‡j D³ `ªe¨ Drcv`‡b †m
we‡kl ˆbcyY¨ jvf K‡i| cÿvšÍ‡i, GKRb K…l‡Ki c‡ÿ wewfbœ dmj Drcv`‡b ˆbcyY¨ jvf Kiv `y tmva¨|
d‡j dmj eûgyLxKi‡Yi d‡j A‡bK †ÿ‡Î K…l‡Ki `ÿZvi Afv‡e Drcv`b e¨q †ewk c‡o|
Z‡e Dc‡i Dc‡i D‡jøwLZ mxgve×Zv¸‡jv K…wli Avayw bKxiY I hvwš¿KxKi‡bi gva¨‡g mgvavb Kiv m¤¢e|
†mP myweav m¤úªm vi‡Yi cÖfve

cvwb Dw™¢‡ì cÖ vY ¯îƒc| myZivs †`‡ki K…wl eë¯’v g~jZ km¨‡ÿ‡Î wbqwgZ cvwb mieiv‡ni Dci wbf©ikxj| wKš‘
Dchy³ †mP eë¯’ vi Afv‡e Avgiv cvwbi Rb¨ e„wócv‡Zi Dci wbf©i Kwi| Avgv‡ì †`‡k e„wócvZ †gŠmygx evqyi
Dci wbf©ikxj| wKš‘ †gŠmygx evqyi Dci gvby‡ li †Kvb nvZ †bB| †gŠmygx evqy GKvšÍfv‡eB cÖK…w Zi †Lqv‡ji Dci
wbf©i K‡i| myZivs cÖK…wZi Dci wbf©ikxjZv n« vm K‡i Avgv‡ì K… wl Drcv`b evov‡Z n‡j †mP eë¯’ vi `ª æZ DbœqY
GKvšÍ Acwinvh©| wb‡¤œ evsjv‡`‡k A_©b xwZ‡Z cvwb †m‡Pi ¸iæZ¡ Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj:
1. RxebhvÎvi gvb DbœqY: Dchy³ †mP eë¯’ v MÖn‡b K…w li djb e„w× cvq| G‡Z K… l‡Ki Avw_©K ¯^”QjZv
ev‡o I Zv‡ì RxebhvÎvi gvb Dbœ Z nq|
2. RvZxq Avq e„w×: evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq Av‡qi cÖvq 31 kZvsk K…wl †_‡K cvIqv hvq| †mP eë¯’v MÖn‡bi
gva¨‡g K…wl Drcv`b e„w× †c‡j †`‡ki RvZxq Avq e„w× cv‡e|

A_©bxwZ 2q cÎ
3. wewfbœ cÖK vi k‡mï Pvwn`v wgUvb: mKj cÖKvi km¨ Drcv`‡b cvwbi cÖ‡qvRb GKiƒc bq| †hgb-Avgb
av‡bi Rb¨ cÖPzi cwigv‡b cvwbi cÖ‡qvRb nq| wKš‘ Bwi I †ev‡iv av‡bi †ÿ‡Î ïay †h cvwbi cÖ‡qvRb nq
ZvB bq G mg¯Í k‡mï †ÿ‡Î `xN©w`b hveZ gv‡V cvwb a‡i ivLvi cÖ‡qvRb nq| myZivs wewfbœ k‡mï
Giƒc Pvwn`v wgUv‡bv cÖ vK…wZK e„wócv‡Zi Øviv m¤¢e bq| d‡j †mP Kvh© Acwinvh© n‡q c‡i|
4. cÖK…wZi Dci wbf©ikxjZv n« vm: K…wli Rb¨ e„wócv‡Zi Dci wbf©i _vKv AZ¨šÍ wec¾bK| KviY e„wócvZ
cÖK…wZi †Lqvj Gi Dci wbf©i K‡i| mgqgZ †gŠmygx evqyi Avwef©ve NU‡j †`‡k dmj fvj nq | wKš‘
A‡bK mgq †gŠmywg evqy †`wi‡Z Avmvi d‡j Abve„wó †`Lv †`q Ges K…w l eë¯’ v gvivZ¥K wech©‡ qi m¤§yLxb
nq| GB AwbðqZvvi nvZ †_‡K iÿv †c‡Z n‡j m‡P eë¯’ vi mye‡›`ve¯Í Kiv GKvšÍ ìKvi| K…wlwfwËK
evsjv‡`‡k †mP eë¯’vi myôz Dbœq‡bi gva¨‡g Avgiv cÖK…w Zi nvZ †_‡K Avgv‡ì †mŠfv‡Mï PvweKvwV
wQwb‡q Avb‡Z cvwi|
5. Rwgi Drcvw`Kv kw³ e„w ×: Avgv‡ì †`‡k RbmsL¨v AZ¨šÍ `ªæZ MwZ‡Z e„w× cv‡”Q| d‡j µgea©gvb
RbmsL¨vi Pv‡c Avgv‡ì †`‡k cÖw ZeQiB cÖwZZ Rwg D×vi Ges Kwl©Z Rwgi Drcvw`K kw³ e„w × Kivi
cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e„w× cv‡”Q| GB D‡Ïk¨ ev¯ÍevwqZ Ki‡Z n‡j †`‡k ch©vß †mP eë¯’vi Dbœqb GKvšÍ
Acwinvh©|
6. GKvwaK dmj Drcv`b: evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU Avevw` `yB-Z… Zxqvsk Rwg‡Z eQ‡i gvÎ GKwU dmj Drcv`b
Kiv nq| wKš‘ Dchy³ cvwb‡mP eë¯’v cÖeZ©b Kiv †M‡j GB Rwg‡Z eQ‡i `yÕB ev Z‡ZvwaK dmj Drcv`b
Kiv m¤¢e|
7. M‡gi Pvl: evsjv‡`‡k Lv`¨ ZvwjKvq eZ©g v‡b Mg GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ ms‡hvRb| Avgv‡ì Lv`¨vfve `~i
Ki‡Z n‡j †`‡k Aek¨B M‡gi Drcv`b e„w× Ki‡Z n‡e| wKš‘ Mg GKwU kxZKvjxb dmj| cvwb‡mP Qvov
M‡gi Pvl m¤¢e bq| myZivs †`‡k M‡gi Pvle„w× Ki‡Z n‡j †mP myweavi m¤úªmviY GKvšÍ Acwinvh©|
8. cvwb wb®‹vkb: evsjv‡`‡ki †bÎ‡KvYv,wK‡kviMÄ I wm‡jU nvIi GjvKvq nvRvi nvRvi †n±i RjgMœ Rwg
cwZZ c‡i Av‡Q| hvwš¿K Dcv‡q cvwb †m‡Pi gva¨‡g cvwb wb®‹vkb K‡i GB me Rwg Pv‡li AvIZvq Avbv
hvq|
9. kxZKvjxb dmj: kxZKv‡j Avgv‡ì †`‡k e„wócvZ nq bv| GB mgq Avgv‡ì †`‡k mvaviYZ †Kvbiƒc
cÖvK…w ZK `y‡h© vMI _v‡K bv| myZivs Dchy³ †mP eë¯’vi gva¨‡g kxZKv‡j cÖPzi km¨ Drcv`b Kiv m¤¢e|
10. cvk¦© RxweKvi m„wó: Dbœ Z †mP eë¯’ v K…lK‡ì Rb¨ cvk¦©-RxweKvi eë¯’ v Ki‡Z cv‡i| DbœZ ai‡bi
†mPeë¯’v cÖeZ©b Ki‡Z eû †jv‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb nq| d‡j †mP eë¯’v `wi`ª K…lK‡ì Rb¨ cvk©¦ -RxweKvi
m„wó K‡i Zv‡ì gv_vwcQz Avq e„w ×‡Z mnvqK n‡e Ges Zv‡ì Rxeb DbœZ n‡e|
wkÿv_©xi KvR
1| dmj eûgyLxKi‡bi myweavmg~n e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
2| K…wl‡Z †mP myweav m¤úªmvi‡Yi cÖfve eY©b v Kiæb|
mvims‡¶c
 AvaywbK Pvlvev‡` GKB Rwg‡Z avb Pv‡li ci cvU I Wvj Pvl Kiv nq| GRb¨ wewfbœ ivlvqwbK
Drcv`b ¸‡jvi gvb evRvq _v‡K bv| cÖ vK…wZi Dci wbf©ikxjZv n«vm K‡i †`‡ki Drcv`b evov‡Z n‡j
†mPeë¯’vi `ªæZ Dbœqb GKvšÍ cÖ‡ qvRb|


eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1| dmj eûgyLx Ki‡bi myweav¸‡jv Kx Kx?
i. wewfbœ dmj Drcv`b
ii. Rwgi De©iZv msiÿY
iii. Kg©ms¯’ vb
2| †mP myweav m¤úªmvi‡Yi d‡j
i. RxebhvÎvi gvb Dbœ qb nq
ii. wewfbœ cÖK vi k‡mï Pvwn`v ev‡o
iii. RvZxq Avq e„w × cvq
3| evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq Av‡qi KZ kZvsk K…wl †_‡K Av‡m?
K) 31 L) 33 M) 30 N) 28
4| evsjv‡`‡ki †Kvb GjvKvi gvwU cvU Pv‡li Rb¨ †ewk Dc‡hvMx?
K) ewikvj L) gqgbwmsn M) PÆMÖvg N) Lyjbv
5| evsjv‡`‡ki nvIo GjvKv †Kvb¸‡jv?
K) biwms`x, Pu v`cyi L) wK‡kviMÄ, wm‡jU M) w`bvRcyi, iscyi N) gv¸ov, bIMuv

A_©bxwZ 2q cÎ
cvV 2.7 AvaywbK K…wl eë¯’v

Modern Agricultural System
D‡Ïk¨
 evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl Dbœq‡b cvigvbweK kw³, ev‡qv‡UK‡bvjwR c×wZ Ges AvBwmwU eënv‡ii ¸iæZ¡
we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 evsjv‡`‡k K…wl‡Z Dbœ Z-ex‡Ri D™¢ ve‡bi cÖfve g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cwi‡ek `~lY, êwk¦K DòZv I
Rjevqy cwieZ©b RwbZ cwiw¯’w Zi mv‡_ Awf‡hvR‡bi Dcvq eY© bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
g~jcvV-
evsjv‡`‡ki K…wli Dbœq‡b cvigvbweK kw³ ev‡qv‡UK‡bvjwR c×wZ Ges AvBwmwU eënv‡ii ¸iæZ¡
K„wl‡Z cvigvbweK c×wZ/cÖhyw³ eëüZ n‡”Q Zvi g‡a¨ cvigvbweK I ev‡qv‡UK‡bvjwR c×wZ/cÖhyw³ Ab¨Zg|
K„wl‡Z cvigvbweK c×wZ/cÖhyw³

K…wl‡ÿ‡Î cvigvbweK kw³ wewKiY‡K wbqwš¿Z Dcv‡q Kv‡R jvMv‡bvB n‡jv cvigvbweK K…wl c×wZ/cÖhyw³|
mywbw`©ófv‡e ej‡Z †M‡j, cvigvbweK cÖhyw³i Aax‡b †ZRw¯Œq AvB‡mv‡Uvc eënv‡ii gva¨‡g Dw™¢` I cÖvYxi
¸bMZ, cwigvYMZ ev iƒcMZ cwieZ©b‡K K…w l‡Z cvigvbweK c×wZ/cÖhyw³ e‡j cwiwPZ|
ev‡qv‡UK‡bvjwR c×wZ ev ‰Re cÖhyw³

Dw™¢`, cÖ vYx Ges AbyRx‡ei cwiwgZ iƒcvšÍi I gvb Dbœ xZKi‡Y †h êÁvwbK Kjv‡KŠkj eënvi Kiv nq ZvB n‡jv
ev‡qv‡UK‡bvjwR c×wZ ev ˆRe cÖhyw³| G cÖhyw³i mvnv‡h¨ we`¨gvb Dw™¢` I cÖ vYx †_‡K DbœZZi I AwaK
Drcv`bÿg ai‡bi Dw™¢` Drcv`b I cÖ vYxi cÖRbb m¤¢e|
K…wl‡Z cvigvbweK c×wZi ¸iæZ¡

1| K…wl Drcv`b e„w×: eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k AZx‡Zi Zzjbvq K…wl Drcv`b evo‡jI GLbI Zv Avkvbyiƒc bq|
G Ae¯’vq mbvZb ex‡Ri cwie‡Z© cvigvbweK wewKi‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ cÖ vß ex‡Ri Pvl Kiv DwPZ| G exR AwaK
Drcv`bÿg nIqvq Gi mvnv‡h¨ Pvl Ki‡j fwel¨‡Z K„wl Drcv`b h‡_ó cwigv‡b evo‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv hvq|
2| gvbm¤§Z exR Drcv`b: evsjv‡`‡k †hme ex‡Ri mvnv‡h¨ Pvl Kiv nq †m¸‡jv †ivM I KxUcZ½ cÖeY;
ZvQvov †m¸‡jv jeYv³ gvwU‡Z Ges eb¨vq I Livq Pvl Kiv hvq bv| G Ae¯’ vq cvigvbweK c×wZ‡Z Ggb exR
D™¢veb Kiv m¤¢e hv jeYv³Zv eb¨v I Liv mwnòz| GiKg ex‡Ri mvnv‡h¨ cÖw ZK~j cwiw¯’wZ‡ZI h‡_ó cwigvb
Drcv`b Kiv m¤¢e|
3| km¨ †ivM I KxUcZ‡½i AvµgY †iva: evsjv‡`‡k cÖw ZeQi kZKiv cÖvq 10 fvM km¨ †ivM I
†cvKvgvK‡oi Avµg‡b webó nq| G Ae¯’vq Mvgv iwk¥i mvnv‡h¨ cwi‡kvwaZ †ivM I KxUcZ½ cÖw Z‡ivax ex‡Ri
Pvl Ki‡j Zv km¨‡ivM I KxUcZ½ †_‡K dmj‡K iÿv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
4| cvwb I mv‡ii myôz eënvi: K…wl Kv‡R hZUzKy mvi I cvwbi cÖ‡ qvRb ZZUzKz eënvi Ki‡j Zvi AcPq †iva
nq I Drcv`b e¨q Kg _v‡K| G †ÿ‡Î cvigvbweK c×wZi mvnv‡h¨ Rwg‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq mvi I cvwbi cwigvY
wba©viY Ki‡Z cvi‡j GKw`‡K mvi I cvwbi AcPq †iva Ges Ab¨w`‡K Drcv`b e¨q Kg n‡e|

5| exR msiÿY: mbvZb c×wZ‡Z kmëxR †ewk w`b msiÿY Kiv hvq bv; cvigvbweK wewKi‡Yi mvnv‡h¨
Dw™¢vweZ Dbœ Zgv‡bi kmëxR h_vh_ fv‡e K‡qK eQi msiÿY Kiv hvq| ZvB Ggb ex‡Ri mvnv‡h¨ Pvlvev` Ki‡j
fwel¨‡Z exRvfv‡e K…wlKvR wewNœZ n‡e bv|
K…wl‡Z ev‡qv‡UK‡bvjwR c×wZi ¸iæZ¡
1| †ivM-cÖwZ‡ivax Dw™¢` Drcv`b I Mevw` cï cÖRbb: evsjv‡`‡k cÖ vqB KxU-cZ½ I km¨-‡iv‡Mi ìyb dmj
webó nq Ges wewfbœ †iv‡M AvµvšÍ n‡q Mevw` cïi g„Zz¨ N‡U| G Ae¯’vq ˆRe cÖhy w³i mvnv‡h¨ wb‡q ivM I
KxUcZ½ we‡ivax Dw™¢ ` Drcv`b I †ivM-cÖw Z‡ivax Mevw` cï cÖRbb Kiv hvq| GgbwU n‡j K…wl Drcv`‡b SuywKi
gvÎv Kg‡e Ges K…lKiv nVvr K‡i mg~n ÿwZi m¤§ywLb n‡e bv|
2| AwaK Drcv`bÿg cÖR vwZi Dw™¢` Drcv`b I Mevw`cï cÖRbb: evsjv‡`‡k Drcvw`Z A‡bK dmj
wb¤œgv‡bi; Mevw` cï `ye©j; gvsk I `ya Kg †`q| G Ae¯’ vq ˆRe cÖhyw³i mvnvh¨ wb‡q Ggb Dw™¢` Drcv`b Kiv
hvq hv AwaK dmj/dj †`q Ges Ggb Mevw` cï cÖRbb Kiv hvq hv AwaK gvsm I `ya †`q| GgbwU n‡j
fwel¨‡Z wewfbœ km¨, dmj, `ya I gvs‡mi †hvMvb h‡_ó cwigv‡Y evo‡e|
K…wl †ÿ‡Î AvBwmwUi eënvi I Zvi ¸iæZ¡

AvBwmwU Gi gva¨‡g K…l‡Kiv Zv‡ì Kw¤úDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ N‡i e‡mB K„wl Drcv`b I K…wl m¤úwK© Z me©‡kl wewfbœ
Z_¨ I Ávb jvf Ki‡Z Ges D™¢ vweZ Kjv‡KŠkj I Zvi cÖ‡qvM m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cv‡i| wb‡¤œ evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl‡Z
AvBwmwU Gi eënvi I ¸iæZ¡ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv:
K. evsjv‡`‡k K…wl‡ÿ‡Î AvBwmwU Gi eënvi

evsjv‡`‡k K…lK‡ì K…wl Drcv`b I K…wl m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ wel‡q mnvqZv Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ AvBwmwU eënv‡ii †ÿ‡Î
B‡Zvg‡a¨ h‡_ó AMÖMwZ n‡q‡Q| wb‡P Zvi weeiY †Ìqv n‡jv:
1| K…wl Z_¨ mvwf©m: evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii K…wl gš¿Yvj‡qi Aaxb¯’ K…wl Z_¨ mvwf©m cÖwZôvbwU AvBwmwU Gi
mvnv‡h¨ K…lK‡ì‡K K…wlmsµvšÍ Z_¨ I cÖhyw³ Rvb‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q| cÖw ZôvbwU †`‡ki wewfbœ AÂ‡j wm‡bgv
f¨v‡b K‡i Z_¨ I cÖhyw³ wbf©i we‡bv`bg~jK K…wl Abyô vb cÖP vi Ki‡Q| G‡ÿ‡Î we‡bv`b jv‡fi mv‡_ mv‡_ K…lKiv
K…wl Drcv`b m¤úwK© Z wewfbœ welq Rvb‡Z cvi‡Q| cÖwZôvbwU I‡qemvB‡Ui gva¨‡g Zviv
K…wl Drcv`‡bi mv‡_ RwoZ wewfbœ mgm¨vi mgvavb †c‡Z cv‡i|
2| B›Uvi‡bU: AvRKvj evsjv‡`‡ki wkwÿZ K… l‡Kiv B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g K…wl-Drcv`b I cY¨ wecYb m¤úwK© Z
wewfbœ welq Rvb‡Z cv‡i| K…wl Z_¨ mvwf©m MÖ vg ch©v‡q K…wl Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM †K›`ª ¯’vcb K‡i Zvi gva¨‡g K…wl
Z_¨ n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii eë¯’v K‡i| GLb †`‡k K…wl Z_¨ cvIqvi Rb¨ KZ¸‡jv I‡qemvBU i‡q‡Q G¸‡jv nj:
BZ¨vw`| Gme I‡qemvB‡Ui gva¨‡g K…lKiv K…wl Drcv`b
msµvšÍ †h‡Kvb mgm¨vi mgvavb †c‡Z Ges c„w_exi wewfbœ †`‡ki K…wl Drcv`b eë¯’vi mv‡_ cwiwPZ n‡Z cv‡i|
3| wUwf P¨v‡bj: K…lK I K…wli DbœwZi Rb¨ K…wl Z_¨ cÖ`v‡bi e¨vcv‡i evsjv‡`‡ki wUwf P¨v‡bj ¸‡jv h‡_ó
Zrci |G cÖm‡½ P¨v‡bj AvB. Gi ü`‡q gvwU I gvbyl, êkvLxi K…wl I Rxeb, evsjvwfk‡bi k¨vgj Qvqv, wRwUwfi
meyR evsjv, BZ¨vw` D‡jøL‡hvM¨| Gme Abyô v‡bi gva¨‡g K„lKiv ¯^P‡ÿ K…wli wewfbœ welq Ae‡jvKb K‡i h‡_ó
Ávb AR© b I cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cv‡i|
4| †gvevBj †dvb : eZ©g v‡b †gvevBj †dvb eënvi K‡iI K…lKiv K…wlKvR Dc‡hvMx Z_¨ I civgk© †c‡Z
cv‡i | †gvevBj †Kv¤úvwb evsjv wjsK- Gi wRÁvmv 7676 b¤îwU K…wl mswkøó †mev`v‡bi Rb¨ Db¥y³ †i‡L‡Q |
K…lKiv MÖvgvÂ‡j ,miKvwi I †emiKvwi D‡`¨v‡M cwiPvwjZ K…wl Kj †m›Uvi¸‡jv‡Z Kj K‡i mivmwi AwfÁ
e¨w³‡ì KvQ †_‡K K…wl welqK wewfbœ mgm¨vi mgvavb †c‡Z cv‡i |
Gfv‡e †`Lv hvq, AvBwmwU eënvi K‡i K…lKiv mn‡RB †`k I †`‡ki evB‡ii K…wl welqK wewfbœ Z_¨ I
DcvË Rvb‡Z Ges Zvi mvnv‡h¨ myôz fv‡e K„w lKvR cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cv‡i |

A_©bxwZ 2q cÎ
L. evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl‡Z AvBwmwU eënv‡ii ¸iæZ¡

eZ©gvbKv‡j djcÖm~ Dcv‡q K…wlKvR cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ AvBwmwUi eënv‡ii weKí †bB| wb‡P evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl‡Z
AvBwmwU eënv‡ii ¸iæZ¡ Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj:
1| AvevnvIqv msµvšÍ Z_¨ cÖ vwß: K…wlKv‡R AvenvIqv AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡ c~Y©| mgq g‡Zv exR ecb, Pviv ˆZwi,
†ivcb, KxUbvkK cÖ‡qvM BZ¨vw` †ÿ‡Î AvMvg AvenvIqv welqK Z_¨ Rvbv GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRb| AvenvIqvi mv‡_
mvgÄm¨ weavb K‡i km¨ I grm¨ †ÿ‡Î KZMy‡jv cwic~iK I cÖwZ‡ivag~jK Kvh©µg MÖnb Kiv hvq|
ZvQvov,K…wlKvR myôziƒ‡c cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ K…lK‡ì‡K Rjevqy cwieZ©b RwbZ mgm¨v I mgvavb,cÖvK…w ZK `~‡h© v‡Mi
c~e©vfvm BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K©I AwewnZ n‡Z nq|
2| DbœZ DcKi‡Yi Z_¨ msMÖn: AvRKvj K…wl Drcv`‡bi gvb I cwigvb e„w×i Rb¨ †`‡k †`‡k DbœZZi exR,
mvi I KxUbvkK D™¢ vweZ n‡”Q| Gi mv‡_ i‡q‡Q bZzb bZzb K…wl hš¿cvwZi e¨cviI| gvbm¤§Z me©vwaK K…wldjb
cvIqvi Rb¨ me©Ëg K…wl DcKiY I †UKmB cÖhyw³i wbe©vPb cÖ‡qvRb| G †ÿ‡Î h_v_© Z_¨ `ª æZ †c‡Z n‡j
AvBwmwUi eënvi Avek¨K|
3| K…wl DcKiY mg~n eënv‡ii wbqg-Kvbyb: K…wl Drcv`b e„w×i j‡ÿ¨ DbœZ I AvaywbK K…wl hš¿cvwZ I
DcKiY msMÖ‡ni mv‡_ mv‡_ Zvi eënv‡ii wbqgKvbyb Rvbv AZ¨vek¨K| G‡ÿ‡Î B›Uvi‡b‡Ui wewfbœ I‡qemvBU
eënvi K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq welq mn‡RB Rvbv hvq|
4| K…wl Drcv`b me©vwaK Kivi †ÿ‡Î : K…wl-Drcv`b me© vwaK Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY mg~n mgqg‡Zv I
cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigv‡Y msMÖn Kiv ìKvi| G‡ÿ‡Î AvBwmwU eënv‡ii gva¨‡g me ai‡bi Z_¨ cvIqv †h‡Z cv‡i|
5| †ivMevjvB `gb: bZz D™¢vweZ exR eënvi Ki‡Z wM‡q ÿwZKi e¨vK‡Uwiqv, fvBivm BZ¨vwì Avµg‡b
dmj bó nIqvi AvksKv _v‡K| G‡ÿ‡Î †ivM-evjvB `g‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq eë¯’v MÖn‡bi Rb¨ AvBwmwUi
eënvi Kiv Avek¨K|
6| wewfbœ Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ mgš^q mvab: K…wlKvR K‡i Avkvbyiƒc dj †c‡Z n‡j Drcv`‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ cwiPvwjZ
mKj Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ mgš^q mvab Riæwi| G‡ÿ‡Î we‡klÁ‡ì civgk© I w`K wb‡`©kbv †c‡Z n‡j AvBwmwUi eënvi
Kiv Avek¨K|
myZivs ejv hvq,K…wlLvZ‡K AwaK Drcv`bÿg Ki‡Z n‡j Avgv‡ì K…lK‡ì‡K ax‡i ax‡i AvBwmwUi eënv‡i
Zrci n‡Z n‡e|
evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl‡Z DbœZ ex‡Ri D™¢ ve‡bi cÖfve:

DbœZ ai‡bi D™¢ vweZ exR m¤úwK©Z cÖhyw³ †Kv‡bv GKK ev wew”Qbœ cÖhy w³ bq,eis GwU K‡qKwU cÖhyw³i mgš^‡qi
cÖKvk| G cÖhyw³i cuvPwU cÖ‡ qvRbxq Dcv`vb n‡jvÑ(1) Dbœ Z exR,(2) AvaywbK †mP myweav, (3) ivmvqwbK mvi,
(4) KxUbvkK I (5) cÖvwZôvwbK K…wl FY| evsjv‡`‡k DbœZ ai‡bi D™¢ vweZ exR m¤úwK© Z cÖhyw³i djvdj h‡_ó
Drmvne¨ÄK|
DbœZ D™¢vweZ exR Gi cÖhyw³ eënv‡ii d‡j km¨ Drcv`‡b jÿYxq cwieZ©b Gm‡Q| Av‡Mi †P‡q Kg cwigvb
Rwg‡Z c~‡e©i Zyjbvq Drcv`b A‡bK †ewk cvIqv hv‡”Q| mvgwMÖK fv‡e Lv‡`¨vrcv`b evovq Zv †`‡ki wekvj
R‡bvMóxi ewa©Z Lv`¨-Pvwn`v c~iY Z_v Lv`¨ wbivcËv AR©‡b mnvqK n‡”Q| Dbœ Z ai‡bi D™¢ vweZ exR eënv‡ii
d‡j Pv‡li wbweoZv †e‡o‡Q I k‡mï eûgyLxKiY NU‡Q| GLb DËg Dcv‡q f~wg Kl©Y,Dchy³ cwigv‡b cvwY †mP
I mvi cÖ‡qvM K‡i GKB m‡½ GKvwaK dmj Avev` Kiv hv‡”Q|`xN© weiwZ Qvov GKi ci GK km¨ Avev` wKsev
G‡Ki m‡½ Ab¨ km¨ Pvl Kiv m¤¢e n‡”Q| ZvQvov cwi‡ek `~ lY,‰ewk¦K DòZv e„w × I Sievqy cwieZ©‡bi ÿwZKi
cÖfve †gvKv‡ejvq A_©vr Awf‡hvR‡bi Kv‡R DbœZ D™¢vweZ exR h‡_ó mnvqK n‡”Q| G‡ÿ‡Î eZ©g v‡b eëüZ
jebv³Zv mwnòz webv-8 I weª- 47,jeYv³Zv cÖe Y GjvKvi Rb¨ weª-avb-53 I 54,eb¨vcÖeY GjvKvi Rb¨ weª avb-
51 I 52 BZ¨vw` DbœZ ex‡Ri K_v D‡jøL Kiv hvq|
DbœZ ai‡bi D™¢vweZ exR eënv‡ii d‡j mvgwMÖK Kg©ms¯’v‡bi DbœwZ n‡q‡Q| †Kbbv Drcv`b †ÿ‡Î
eë¯’vcYv,Mfxifv‡e f~wg Kl©Y,mvi cÖ`vb,cvwY †mP Ges Avbylw½K cÖ wZwU Kv‡Ri ewa©Z kÖ‡gi cÖ‡qvRb nIqvq

MÖvgvÂ‡j Kg©ms¯’vb †e‡o‡Q| Ddwm cÖhyw³i d‡j K…wl‡Z Aweivg Pvl c×wZ cÖe wZ©Z nIqvq MÖ vgvÂ‡j †gŠmywg
†eKviZ¡ n«vm †c‡q‡Q| ZvQvov eQ‡i c~‡e©i GKev‡ii RvqMvq `yB/wZb evi DcKiY I dmj Avbv †bIqv Kvi‡b
MÖv‡g iv¯Ív NvU wbk© vY I Nb Nb ms¯‹vi Ki‡Z n”Q| G me Kv‡R A‡bK †jvK wb‡qvwRZ n‡Z cvi‡Q| bZzb ai‡bi
D™¢vweZ ex‡Ri mvnv‡h¨ Pvlvev‡ì d‡j K…wl Kv‡Ri mv‡_ mswkøó mK‡ji Avq evovq MÖvgxY RxebhvÎvi gvb DbœZ
n‡”Q|
DbœZ ai‡bi D™¢vweZ exR m¤úwK©Z cÖhyw³ eënv‡ii d‡j K…wl‡Z Aek¨ wKQz †bwZevPK cÖfve jÿ Kiv hv‡”Q|
DbœZgv‡bi exR,mvi,KxUbvkK,cÖ vwZôvwbK FY BZ¨vw` `wi`ª K…l‡Ki †P‡q awb K…lKivq †ewk msMÖn Ki‡Z cvivq
ZvivB Zzjbvg~jK fv‡e †ewk jvfevb n‡”Q| Gi d‡j MÖvgÂ‡j abx I `wi`ª K…lK‡ì g‡a¨ Avq êlg¨ †e‡o‡Q|
ZvQvov DbœZ exR Pvlvev‡ì ìæb k‡mï †`kxq cÖR vwZmg~‡ni wejywß NU‡Q| ivmvqwbK mvi eënv‡ii Kvi‡Y Rwg
µ‡gB k³ I Abye©i n‡q ci‡Q| Mwfi bjK~‡ci mvnvh¨ e¨cKfv‡e cvwY †m‡Pi d‡j f~Mf©¯’ cvwYi ¯Íi µ‡gB
wb‡P †b‡g hv‡”Q|Gme QvovI bZzb D™¢ vweZ exRPv‡li Kvi‡Y K…w Îg mvi I KxUbvkK eënv‡ii d‡j b`-
b`x,cyKzi-cy ®‹wibx I Lvj-ex‡ji cvwY µ‡gB `~wlZ nIqvq gvQ Pvl KwVb n‡q c‡o‡Q Ges h‡_”Qv KxUbvkK
eënv‡ii d‡j k‡mï AevwÃZ †ivMevjvB evo‡Q|
mvgwMÖK wePv‡i Aek¨ G K_v ejv hvq, bZzb D™¢vweZ ex‡Ri Pvlvev‡ì ìæY m„ó †bwZevPK cÖfve b~¨bZg
ch©v‡q ivL‡Z cvi‡j Gi mvnv‡h¨ Pvlvev` AvMvgx‡Z mydj e‡q wb‡q Avm‡e|
cwi‡ek `~lY, êwk¦K DòZv I Rjevh~ cwieZ©b RwbZ cwiw¯Íw Zi mv‡_ Awf‡hvR‡bi Dcvq eY©b v :
wek¦ Dòvq‡bi Rb¨ †Kv‡bvfv‡eB `vqx bv nIqv m‡Ë¡I Rjevqyy cwieZ©‡bi weiƒc cÖ fv‡ei wkKvi evsjv‡`k| G
mgm¨v †gvKv‡ejvq Awf‡hvRb Z_v ciewZ© Z cwiw¯’w Zi mv‡_ Lvc LvIqv‡bvi Kvh©µ‡g miKvi B‡Zvg‡a¨
AvšÍR©vwZK I †`kxq ch© v‡q wewfbœ eë¯’v MÖnb K‡i‡Q| Gm‡ei mv‡_ G‡ÿ‡Î mvaviY wKQz eë¯’v MÖnb cÖ‡qvRb|
wb‡P Gme welq Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv:
AvšÍR©vwZK ch© v‡q M„nxZ eë¯’v

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi ÿwZKi cÖfve †gvKv‡ejvq evsjv‡`k AvšÍR©vwZK D‡`¨v‡M GKvZ¥Zv †Nvlbv K‡i‡Q| evsjv‡`k
G ch©šÍ cwi‡ek msµvšÍ cÖvq 28wU Pzw³, Kb‡fbkb I cÖ‡UvK‡j ¯^ vÿi`vb K‡i‡Q| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨
n‡jv Rjevqy cwieZ©b msµvšÍ Kb‡fbkbÑ G‡RÛv-21, KgeÜ †WRvwU©wd‡Kkb, mgy`ª`~l Y Kb‡fbkb BZ¨vw`|
GQvov i‡q‡Q wek¦ e¨vwc Kve©Y wbM©gb Kwg‡q Avbvi Rb¨ †Kv‡cb‡n‡Mb mg‡SvZv Pzw³, 2009; Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi
Rb¨ `vqx DbœZ †`k¸‡jvi KvQ †_‡K b¨vh¨ wnm¨v Av`v‡qi Rb¨ K¬vB‡gU †PÄ †b‡Mvwk‡qkb wUg MVb,Rjevqy
cwieZ©‡bi weiƒc cÖfve †iv‡a I Awf‡hvRb Kvh©µ‡g MwZkxjZv Avbq‡bi Rb¨ KvbKzb Rjevqy m‡¤§jb, 2010
wK‡qv‡Uv cÖ‡UvKj Wvievb Rjevqy m‡¤§jb, 2011 †`vnv Rjevqy m‡¤§jb, 2012; Iqvik m‡¤§jb cÖ f…wZ|
†`kxq ch© v‡q M„n xZ Kvh©µg

cwi‡ek `~l‡Yi mv‡_ mv‡_ Awf‡hvR‡bi Rb¨ evsjv‡`k miKvi B‡Zvg‡a¨ bxwZ wba©viY I K‡qKwU AvBb cÖYqb
Ki‡Q| GMy‡jvi g‡a¨ RvZxq cwi‡ek bxwZ (1992), RvZxq cwi‡ek G¨vKkb cø vb (1992), eb bxwZ (1994)
ebvqb gv÷vi cø vb (1993-2012) BZ¨vw` cÖ avb| D‡jøL‡hvM¨ AvB‡bi g‡a¨ AviI i‡q‡Q grm¨ msiÿY AvBb
(1989) BZ¨vw`| Gme AvBb wewfbœ fv‡e K…wl‡ZI cwi‡ek `~ lY †iv‡a mnvqK| Rjevqy cieZ©bRwbZ SuywK
†gvKv‡ejv I Awf‡hvRb Kg©m~wP Z¡ivwš^Z Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ miKvi wbR¯^ Znwe‡ji gva¨‡g wewfbœ cwiKíbv ev¯Í evqb
Ki‡Q|
evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl †ÿ‡Î Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi weiƒc cÖ fve †gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨ M„nxZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ c`‡ÿç‡jv
n‡jv-
1| cwiewZ©Z Rjevqy Dc‡hvMx avbwfwËK cª hyw³ D™¢ veb I m¤úªm viY cÖKí|
2| Rvgvjcyi I †kicyi †Rjvi Pi GjvKvi bvRyK K…lK‡ì Lv`¨ wbivcËv I Lvgv‡ii Drcv`b e„w× cÖKí|

A_©bxwZ 2q cÎ
3| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡b Pig ûgwKi g~‡L cÖwZK~j cwi‡e‡k Ae¯’vbKvix bvix I wkïi Rb¨ my‡cq cvwb mieivn
I mvgvwRK myiÿvKiY cÖK í|
4| Rjvf~wg, eb cybiy× vi I Rxe êwPÎ msiÿY cÖKí|
5| DcK~jxq GjvKvq ebvqb cÖKí|
6| †cvìvi 5 Gi †ewo eva I AeKvVv‡gv wbg© v‡Yi gva¨‡g Rjevqy cwieZ©‡ bi cÖfve †gvKv‡ejv cÖKí|
7| gvwëcvicvm mvB‡K¬vb †m›Uvi wbg©vY cÖKí|
8| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡ bi ÿwZKi cÖ fve †gvKv‡ejvq ( ) Rjvf~wgi eb cybiæ×vi I Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ msiÿY cÖKí
Ges ( ) DcK~j xq GjvKvq ebvqb cÖKí|
D‡jøL¨ K„wl‡Z cwi‡ek `~l‡Yi mv‡_ Awf‡hvR‡bi Rb¨ wKQy Kvh©Ki eë¯’ vI MÖnb Kiv hvq| G¸‡jv wb¤œiƒc:
Ñ cwi‡ekMZ mgm¨v m¤ú‡K© K…lK‡ì‡K m‡PZb Ges cwi‡ek msiÿ‡Y Askx`vwiZ¡ g~jK Kvh©µ‡g Ask MÖnb
Ki‡Z DØy× Kiv|
Ñ we`¨gvb `y‡h©vMMÖ¯’ I `y‡h©vMcÖeb AvÂj¸‡jv‡Z mZK© bRi`vwi|
Ñ Avmbœ `y‡ h©vM cwiw¯’ wZ, ciewZ© Pvwn`v I eë¯’vcbv †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© c~e© vfvm cÖ `vb hv wech©‡qi ÿqÿwZ n« v‡m
mnvqK|
Ñ K…wl‡Z cwi‡ek `~lY I ÿwZKi cÖ fve m¤ú‡K© K…lK‡ì‡K AewnZ I m‡PZb K‡i †Zv‡j|
Ñ Mevw` cï cvj‡bi ga¨ w`‡q AwaK †Mvei mvi m„wó I Zv eënvi Ki‡Z K… lK‡ì‡K DrmvwnZ Kiv|
Ñ †Mvei mvi, †Mv-g~Î, QvB BZ¨vwvZ Øviv ˆRe KxUbvkK Drcv`b|
Ñ Av‡m©wbKgy³ cvwb mieivn|
Ñ ivmvqwbK mvi I KxUbvk‡Ki wbqwš¿Z eënvi|
Ñ gRv I cwiZ¨³ cyKzi ms¯‹vi I Zvi iÿvYv‡eÿ‡Yi eë¯’ v MÖnb|
Ñ MÖvgvÂ‡j fivU n‡q hvIqv b`x¸‡jv cybiƒ×vi I Lbb|
Ñ Rjve×Zv `~i|
ÑAvay wbK Pvl c×wZ‡Z K…lK‡ì‡K DrmvwnZ Kiv| G j‡ÿ¨ D”P ZvcgvÎv mnbkxj, jeYv³ gvwU‡Z Pvl Kiv hvq
I evjvB cÖ wZ‡ivaÿg Ggb k‡mï RvZ D™¢ veb Ges fvmgvb c×wZ‡Z KPzwicvbvi Dci mewR Pvl|
Ñ eb¨vi cvwb †_‡K wbivc` _vKvi Rb¨ emZ wfUv DuPz Kiv|
Ñ eb¨vcÖeY ev AwaK e„wó hy³ AÂ‡j cyKz‡ii cvi DuPz K‡i evav|
Ñ Rjve× cvwb‡Z cwiKwíZ Dcv‡q gvQ Pvl|
Ñ cyK‡y i mvevb w`‡q Kvco KvPv eÜ Kiv |
wkÿv_©xi KvR
1| evsjv‡`‡ki K…wli Dbœq‡b cvigvbweK kw³, ev‡qv‡UK‡bvjwR c×wZ Ges AvBwmwU eënv‡ii ¸bMZ cwieZ©b
DbœZ we‡k¦i Av‡jv‡K ch©‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
2| DbœZ ex‡Ri D™¢veb wKfv‡e NwUZ nq Ges evsjv‡`‡ki K…w l‡Z Zvi cÖfve eY©b v Ki‡eb|
3| cwi‡ek `~l‡Yi KviY¸‡jv wK wK ej‡eb| êwk¦K DòZvi cÖfve eb©bv Ki‡eb| Rjevqy cwieZ©b RwbZ
cwiw¯’wZ mv‡_ Awf‡hvR‡bi cÖwµqv eY© bv Ki‡eb|

mvims‡¶c
 K„wl‡Z cvigvbweK c×wZ/cÖhyw³ eëüZ n‡”Q Zvi g‡a¨ cvigvbweK I ev‡qv‡UK‡bvjwR c×wZ/cÖhyw³
Ab¨Zg|
 K…wl‡ÿ‡Î cvigvbweK kw³ wewKiY‡K wbqwš¿Z Dcv‡q Kv‡R jvMv‡bvB n‡jv cvigvbweK K…wl
c×wZ/cÖhyw³|

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1| G‡`‡k c~e© †_‡KB Rwgi gvwjKvbv cwievi wcQz KZ weNv wba© viY Kiv n‡q‡Q?
K) 60 weNv L) 80 weNv M) 90 weNv N) 100 weNv
2| evsjv‡`‡k eZ©gv‡b †Kvb ai‡bi f~wg¯^ Z¡ eë¯’ v cÖPwZ i‡q‡Q?
K) Rwg`vwi cÖ_v L) gnjIqvwi cÖ_v M) iqZIqvwi cÖ_v N) eM©v`vwi cÖ_ v
P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ:
1| iwng wgqv ivRkvnx †Rjvi GKRb Mwie Pvwl| Zvi mvgvb¨ Rwg Av‡Q| wZwb mbvZb c×wZ‡Z Pvlvev` K‡ib|
wKš‘ Zvi cwiwPZ Ab¨vb¨ K…l‡Kiv K…wl e¨vsK †_‡K Fb wb‡q Avay wbK c×wZ‡Z Pvlvev` K‡ib| d‡j Drcv`b e„w×
K‡i AvqI e„w× K‡i‡Q| Gme †`‡L iwng wgqvI K…wl e¨vsK †_‡K FY wb‡q bZz b c×wZ‡Z Pvlvev` Kiv ïiæ
K‡ib|
K) K…wlKvR Kx?
L) mbvZb c×wZ‡Z Pvlvev` ej‡Z Kx ey Svq?
M) iwng wgqv K… wl e¨vsK †_‡K FY wb‡q Kx ai‡bi AvaywbK cÖhyw³ eënvi K‡i Drcv`b e„w× Ki‡Z cv‡ib?
N) evsjv‡`‡k iwng wgqvi g‡Zv K…lK‡ì fvM¨ cwieZ©‡bi mgevq mwgwZi f~wgKv g~j¨vqb Kiæb|
2| iwng wgqv GKRb eyw×gvb K„lK| wKš‘ h‡_ó cwikÖg Kiv m‡Ë¡I Zvi Rwg‡Z Avkvbyiƒc dmj Drcvw`Z nq bv
d‡j dmj evRviRvZKi‡bi e¨vNvZ N‡U| GKw`b GKwU K…wl welqK †mwgbv‡i AskMÖnb K‡ib,gvwëwgwWqvi wKQz
cÖgvb¨ wPÎ †`‡L Aby cÖvwYZ nb Ges bZzb DÏ¨‡g K…wl KvR K‡ib|
K) K…wl evwbwR¨wKKiY ej‡Z Kx ey Svq?
L) K…wl evwbwR¨wKKi‡b mgm¨v Kx?
M) iwng wgqv wKfv‡e evwbwR¨wKKi‡Y mdj nj|
N) evsjv‡`‡k myóz K…wlcY¨ wecb‡Y wK civgk© w`‡e?
3| iwng I Kwig `yB eÜz| Zviv D”P wkwÿZ hyeK| `xN©w `b †Póv K‡iI †Kv‡bv fv‡jv PvKwi bv †c‡q Zv‡ì Avi
GK eÜzi civg‡k© hye Dbœqb Awa`ßi †_‡K cÖ wkÿY †bq| Gici D³ ms¯’v †_‡K FY wb‡q Zv‡ì MÖ v‡gi cyKz‡ii
mgwš^Z gvQ I nuv‡mi Pvl ïiæ K‡i| Avi cyKz‡ii cv‡o K‡i bvm© vwi| Zv‡ì dv‡g© eZ©g v‡b 20 Rb wkwÿZ hyeK
KvR K‡i| iwng I Kwig ïay wb‡R‡ì †eKvi mgm¨vi mgvavbB K‡iwb eis ch©vß gyb vdv AR©‡bi gva¨‡g †`‡ki
A_©bxwZ‡ZI ¸iæZ¡ c~Y© Ave`vb ivL‡Q|
K) iwng I Kwig †h c×wZ‡Z wb‡R‡ì Kv‡Ri eë¯’ v K‡i‡Q Zv‡K A_©bxwZ‡Z Kx e‡j?
L) Giƒc Kg©ms¯’v‡bi GKwU ¸iZ¡c~Y© myweav eY©b v Kiæb|
M) iwng I Kwi‡gi AwfÁZvi Av‡jv‡K Avcbvi wbR GjvKvi wkwÿZ †eKvi †ì ¯^Kg©ms¯’v‡bi Dcvq e¨vL¨v Kiæb|

A_©bxwZ 2q cÎ
N) evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl‡ÿ‡Î AvZ¥Kg©ms¯’ v‡bi gva¨‡g †eKvi mgm¨v `~i Kiv m¤¢e-G Dw³wUi h_v_©Zv g~j¨vqb Kiæb|
4| †mwjg, iwng, Kwig wZb Mixe K…lK| Z‡ì Rwgi cwigvb LyeB Kg| †Kvb iK‡g Miy jvOj w`‡q Pvlvev`
K‡i| GKw`b Zviv wmÜvšÍ wbj Zv‡ì Rwg GKÎ K‡i Uªv±i †mP I DbœZ exR eënvi Ki‡e| †m Abyh vqx
Pvlvev‡ì d‡j Drcv`b e„× †cj Ges cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Avq A‡bK e„ w× †cj| ciewZ©‡ Z Ab¨vb¨ K…lKivI Zv‡ì
AbymiY K‡i Zv‡ì Avq e„w×‡Z mÿg n‡jv|
K) K…wl †RvZ Kx?
L) K…wl‡RvZ I K…wl Lvg‡ii g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †`Lvb|
M) †mwjg, iwng I Kwig Kxfv‡e Zv‡ì fvM¨ Dbœqb Ki‡Z mÿg nj? e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
N) †mwjg, iwng,Kwig Gi AwfÁZvi Av‡jv‡K evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl †RvZ I K…wl Lvgv‡ii ¸bMZ cwieZ©b G‡b
†`‡ki K…lK‡ì Avw_©K Avq e„w× Kiv hv‡e? e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
5| Rvgvj wgqv GKRb mvaviY K„lK| h‡_ó cwikÖg Kiv m‡Ë¡I Zvi Rwg‡Z Avkvbyiƒc dmj Drcvw`Z nq bv|
nVvr wZwb GKwU K…wl welqK †mwgbv‡i AskMÖn b K‡ib Ges bvbv iKg K…wl welqK Dc‡`k I Ávb jvf K‡ib|
†mwgbv‡i gvwëwgwWqvq wKQz cÖvgvb¨ wPÎ †`‡L AbycÖvwYZ nb Ges bZzb D‡`¨v‡M K… wlKvR ïiæ K‡ib|
K) K…wl KvR Kv‡K e‡j?
L) evwYwR¨K Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ K…wlKvR ej‡Z Kx ey‡ Sb?
M) Rvjvj wgqvi Rwg‡Z Avkvbyiƒc dmj Drcv`b bv nIqvi KviYwU e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
N) †mwgbv‡i Ask †bIqvi c‡i Rvjvj wgqvi K…wl Drcv`b †Kb e„w× cv‡e e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib|
DËigvjv
cvV 2.1: 1| K 2| M 3| L 4| M 5| M 6| M 7| M 8| K 9| L
cvV 2.2: 1| M 2| L
cvV 2.3: 1| N 2| N
cvV 2.4: 1| M 2| L 3| M
cvV 2.5: 1| M 2| L 3| N 4| K 5| M
cvV 2.6: 1| N 2| N 3| K 4| L 5| L
cvV 2.7: 1| K 2| N

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BDwbU

BDwbU mgvwßi mgq BDwbU mgvwßi m‡ev©”P mgq 7 w`b

cvV 2.1 K…wli KvVv‡gv I ˆewkó¨

BDwbU `yB c„ôv-46

BDwbU `yB c„ôv-47

evsjv‡`‡ki K„wli ˆewkó¨mg~n

BDwbU `yB c„ôv-48

evsjv‡`‡ki K„wli DcLvZmg~n

BDwbU `yB c„ôv-49

wRwWwc‡Z K…wli DcLvZ mg~‡ni Ae`vb

BDwbU `yB c„ôv-50

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 2.1

BDwbU `yB c„ôv-51

cvV 2.2 K„wl Lvgvi I K… wl‡RvZ

evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl Lvgvi:

K…wlLvgv‡ii cÖK vi‡f`

Pvlvev‡`i cÖvK…wZK I AvqZ‡bi wfwË‡Z Drcv`‡bi aib we‡ePbvq gvwjKvbvi wfwË‡Z

BDwbU `yB c„ôv-52

BDwbU `yB c„ôv-53

evsjv‡`‡k K…wl Lvgv‡ii ¯^iƒc

evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl †RvZ

BDwbU `yB c„ôv-54

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 2.2

BDwbU `yB c„ôv-55

cvV 2.3 K…wlc‡Y¨i wecYb I mgm¨v

evsjv‡`‡k K…wl cY¨ wecY‡b mgm¨vmg~n

BDwbU `yB c„ôv-56

K…wlc‡Y¨i wecYb mgm¨v mgvav‡b miKv‡ii f~wgKv:

BDwbU `yB c„ôv-57

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 2.3

BDwbU `yB c„ôv-58

cvV 2.4 K…wl Lv‡Z cwieZ©‡bi MwZaviv

BDwbU `yB c„ôv-59

10 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009--10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

mviwY‡Z Mevw` cï I nuvm gyiwMi Drcv`b (jÿ)

BDwbU `yB c„ôv-60

grm¨ Lv‡Zi wewfbœ Drm n‡Z gv‡Qi Drcv`b

gv‡Qi †iby I †cvbv Drcv`b

BDwbU `yB c„ôv-61

grm¨ n¨vPvwi †Z Drcvw`Z †iYy/ †cvYv Drcv`b

RvUKv msiÿY Kg©m~wP

BDwbU `yB c„ôv-62

BDwbU `yB c„ôv-63

Mevw` cÖvwYi K…wÎg cÖRbb

cÖwZ‡ivaK wUKv I wPwKrmv cÖ`vb

Gwfqvb Bbd¬‡z qÄv/evW© d¬z

K…wl Lv‡Zi ev‡RU

BDwbU `yB c„ôv-64

gvQ I wPswo Pv‡l cwieZ©‡ bi aviv

gv‡Qi Drcv`b (Af¨šÍixY) jÿ †g. Ub

gvkiƒg Pv‡l cwieZ©‡bi aviv

BDwbU `yB c„ôv-65

eb I bvm©vwi ¯’vc‡bi cwieZ©‡bi aviv

BDwbU `yB c„ôv-66

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 2.4

BDwbU `yB c„ôv-67

cvV 2.5 K…wl FY I K…wl DcKiY weZiY

evsjv‡`‡k K…wl F‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv

BDwbU `yB c„ôv-68

evsjv‡`‡k K…wl F‡Yi Drm I Zvi mgm¨vi mgvavb|

AcÖvwZôvwbK Drm cÖvwZôvwbK Drm

1.AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb I eÜz evÜe 1.evsjv‡`k K…wl e¨vsK|

BDwbU `yB c„ôv-69