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c) What 6 things did the prophet warn Eli god would do because of his wayward sons? (6 mks)
d) state 6 consequences fo the defeat of the Israelites as the lord had warned Samuel about ?
(6mks)
e) what peculiar lesson do the responses of 1(b) and (c) above teach us about God ? (1mks)
total 20mks
(total = 20mks )
2)
a) describe the transfiguration (5 mks)
b) state a significance (1mks)
c) state 7 accusations of jessus against the Pharisees and the teachers of the
law (7mks)
d) list 3 reactions that followed these accusations (3mks)
e) what direct lessons can be draw from the following characters of the
“parable of the Good Samaritan”
i)a priest iii)Samaritan
ii) levite iv)innkeeeper
4.
a) using the suggested annotations, translate the following argumenst into symbols:
i. only acts that promote the general happiness are morally obligatory.not all acts
that promote the general happiness are socially acceptable. Therefore, at least
one act that is socially acceptable is not morally obligatory (Ax:x is an act; Px:x
is promotes the general happiness;Mx:x is morally obligatory );Sx:x is socially
acceptable
ii. all jesters are knaves. No knaves are foolish persons. Therefore, no jesers are
foolish persons. (Jx:x is a jester; Kx:x is knave;Fx:x is a foolish person )
iii. No vegetarians are slim persons. Some drivers are vegetarians. Therefore ,
some drivers are not slim persons. Vx:x is vegetarian; Sx:x is a slim person ;Dx is
driver )
b) Construct proofs to show the following symbolic arguments valid :
i) 1. ͠ (J v K)
2. ͠ J • ͠ K
3. ͠ K / .. ͠ K
ii) 1. R • (R• T )
2. (R• S) • T
3. R • S
4. S • R /.. S • R
iii) 1. ͠ Mv ( ͠ N v ͠ O )
2. ( ͠ Mv ͠ N) v ͠ O
3. ͠ (M•N)v ͠ O
i) if the rain falls ( R), then the farmers will plan their seeds (F); while if the storm subsides (S), then
the farmers will plan seeds. Either the rain falls or the storm subsides .therefore, the farmers will
plan seeds
ii) ojong marres alieh (O) and ngwo marries enanga (N) if and only if Papa accepts (P). Papa does not
accept. Therefore, neither ojong marries alieh nor ngwo marries enanga
5) Is it true to say that God is the cause of evil in the universe ? (25mks)
What then will be true? Perhaps, just the single fact that nothing is cerain .but how do I know there is
not semthing else, over and above all those things that I have just reviewed,concerning which there
is not even the slightest occasion for doubt? Is there not come God,or by whatever name I might call
him, who instils these thoughts? But why would I think that, since I myself could perhaps be the
author of these thoughts? Am I not then at least something ? but I have already denied that that I
have any senses and any body. Still I hesitate; for what follows from this? Am I so tied to body and to
the senses that I cannot exist without them? But I have persuaded myself that there is absolutely
nothing in the world: no sky, no earth, no something. But there is some deceiver or other who is
supremely powerful and supremely sly and who is always deliberately deceiving me. Then too there
is doubt that I exist, if he is deceiving me. And let him do his best at deception, he will never bring it
about that I am nothing so long as I shall think that I am something. Thus, after everything has been
most carefully weighed, it must finally be established that this pronouncement : “Iam , Iexist “ is
necessarily true every time I etter it or conceive it in my mind.
Questions
a) Indicate the main theme of the rtest above and its logical structure
b) Explain the following :
i) “hiw do I know there is not something else … concerning which there is not even the
slightest occasion for doubt? “
ii) “this pronouncement : “I am, I exist”, is necessarily true every time I utter it or
conceive it in my mind”
iii) What, according to Descartes, is the significance if the analogy of the evil genius?
iv) State any two reasons why the Cartesian doubt is useful
v) Why does Descartes think that we should not make a direct pronouncement on the
immortality of the soul?
vi) Is Cartesian subjectivity of any relevance to the philosophical enterprise ?
The first societies were governed by the aristocratic form of government .the family heads discussed
public matters among themselves, and the youths yielded without reductance to the authority of
experience.hence,the nemes of priests, elders, senators, and gerontes . the savages of north America
are still governed like this till date and they are very well governed
But as the inequality produced by institutions prevails over natural inequality, weath and power were
preferred to age, and the aristocrary became elective. Finally, the power transmitted with the
property of the father to the children, made thr families to become patrician, produced a hereditary
government, and introduced senators of twenty years old.
There are therefore, three types of aristocracy: the natural, the elective and the hereditary. The first
is suited only to simple peoples; the third is the worst of all governments. The second, which is true
aristocracy, is the best.
Questions
a) Give the central theme and the logical articulations of the text above (5mks)
b) Explain the following
i) “youths yielded without reluctance to the authority of experience.”
ii) “inequality produced by institutions prevails over naturals inequality “ (4 mks)
c) Why does the author think that elective aristocracy is the best ? (4 mks)
d) Explain why rousseau thinks that a democratic form of government is not suitable to men (4
mks)
e) State any two reasons why the aristocratic form of government is better off than the
democratic form of government (3mks)
f) Can aristocracy benefit the present cameroonain society in any way? (5 mks)
Section A : structural
1.
A)
i) differentiate a modus ponens form a modus tollendo ponens (3mks)
ii) give any two synonyms of symbolic logic (2mks )
B)
i) indicate any two rules of definition (2mks)
ii) state the components of categorical proposition (2mks)
iii) what is the function of copula in a proposition? ( 1mk )
C)
i) distinguish opposition form education (3mks)
ii) state the rules of distribution in categorical syllogism (2mks)
2.
A)
ii) state the distribution of terms in this proposition : “some animals are not pigs “
(2 x 2 marks)
B)
(2 x 2 marks)
i) Logical connectives
ii) Parentheses
(2 x2 marks)
c)
i) outline any three fallacies of definition. (3marks)
ii) Distinguish between the figure and mood of a syllogism (3marks)
iii) What is an a informal fallcy? (2marks)
3. a) distinguish between :
i) the laws of thought and the operations of the mind
ii) descriptive definition and ostensive definition
(2 x 3marks)
(4 x1 marks)
Mado : “ I heard that logic has been introduced as a subject in the first cycle “
Mado :”oh that is nice! Imagine I met an upper sixth student, a tall, long-haired and
beautiful girl, who could not identify terms and define a proposition. That is quite
unacceptable “.
Oscar : “the principal addressed the first cycle students in our school on Monday
and in his speech, he said : “if logic is taught in the firdt cycle, then advanced level
philosophy will be improved “
One of the students in the crowd turned to hos friend and said: “principals always
say the truth”.for students should be intelligent or foolish”
Questions
5.
6.