Introduction To Power BI v2 PDF

Speed
Data source: Microsoft and IDC, April 2014

We now face a world of connected data
CONNECTED
DIGITAL
ANALOG
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

From data to decisions and actions
What Why did it What will What should

happened? happen? happen? I do? Insight
Interactive Predictive Recommendations

Reports
Dashboards Models & Automation
• Identify objects, people and • Infer emotions and reactions
Cognitive actions
Understanding • Hear and recognize language • Develop deeper context &
understanding over time
• Natural language • Intelligent Bots powered by

Conversation conversational UI data & the cloud
as a platform • On any canvas e.g. Skype, • Accessible through personal
Slack, Facebook, etc. digital assistants
Retail &
Consumer Goods
Discrete
Manufacturing
Government &
Education
Healthcare
Banking &
Financial Services
Professional
Services
Introducing Cortana Intelligence Suite
Transform data into intelligent action
Data
People
Sources
Apps Apps
Sensors
& Automated
Devices
Cortana Intelligence systems
Data Intelligence Action

Using exclusive, advanced intelligence technologies
Preconfigured Solutions
Dashboards and Visualizations

Intelligence
Machine Learning and Analytics Cognitive
Services
Bot
Big Data Store Framework
Cortana
Information Management
And incorporating industry-leading Microsoft solutions
Information Big Data Stores Machine Learning Intelligence
Data Management and Analytics
People
Sources
Machine Cognitive
Data Factory Data Lake Store
Learning Services
SQL Data Data Lake Bot Web

Data Catalog Warehouse Analytics Service
Apps Cosmos DB Mobile

Event Hubs HDInsight Cortana
Apps
IoT Hub
Stream Analytics Bots
Dashboards &
Azure Analysis Visualizations
Services
Sensors Automated
and Power BI Systems
devices Azure Databricks
Data Intelligence Action

Keep a pulse on your business with live, interactive dashboards
Stream Analytics
Dashboards &
Visualizations
Event Hubs
Power BI
Machine Learning
Storage Power BI
SQL Database
HDInsight
• Analytics for everyone, even non-data experts • Drive consistent analysis across your organization
• Your whole business on one dashboard • Embed visuals in your applications
• Create stunning, interactive reports • Get real-time alerts when things change
Example: Data and Service Architecture
Data Sources Ops/Monitoring Security/Identity Governance Users
Ingest Store Interact Pilots
Engineering
Analyze
Operations
Analyst Scientist
Example: Data and Service Architecture
Data Sources Ops/Monitoring Security/Identity Governance Users
Op / App Insights Active Directory
Data Catalog
Azure Key Vault
Security Center
MFA
Ingest Store Interact Pilots

Data Factory SQL Server
PowerBI
HDInsight Data Lake Store
App Services
Event Hubs
SQL Data Warehouse
Logic App Azure Search
{} Cosmos DB
Batch
Engineering
Analyze
Machine Learning
Microsoft R
Data Lake Analytics
Spark
Operations
Analyst Cognitive Services Scientist
Any data, any way, anywhere
Power BI benefits by role
Whatever the role, Power BI brings all data together
Business user
▪ Import data from SaaS sources, and work with dashboards and reports
Business analyst
▪ Import, reshape and model data
▪ Create compelling reports and visualizations
▪ Create content packs to share insights
BI professional
▪ Connect to live Azure data services
▪ Connect to on-premises Analysis Services databases
▪ Empower colleagues to create their own reports
Developer
▪ Integrate applications with Power BI
▪ Create real-time dashboards
▪ Develop custom visuals
Power BI product portfolio
Free companion authoring tool for the Power BI service
Get Data
Easily connect, clean, and mashup data
Analyze
Build powerful models and flexible measures
Visualize
Create stunning interactive reports
Publish
Share insights with others
Collaborate
Empower your organization with self-service analytics
Power BI service
Cloud-based SaaS solutions
Get started quickly
Secure, live connection to your data sources,

on-premises and in the cloud
Auto insights and intuitive data exploration using

natural language query
Pre-built dashboards and reports for popular SaaS

solutions
Live, real-time dashboard updates
Deliver insights through other services such as

SharePoint, PowerApps and Teams
Power BI Premium
Dedicated resources in the cloud
Power BI service – Contoso organization
Greater scale and performance Premium capacity – P1
Premium capacity – P2
My workspace
Premium capacity – P3 User 2
Flexibility to license by capacity
App workspace My workspace
Sales User 3
My workspace
App workspace
User 1
Extending on-premises capabilities Marketing
APIs
Custom app
Power BI Premium
Power BI Report Server
On-premise reporting solution

Power BI reports and SSRS report on-premises
Connect to data
Over 70+. Data can be imported, queried directly or live connection to SSAS
Power BI reports
Fully interactive reports on-premises to visualize your data and gain
insights
SSRS reports
Precisely formatted operational reports
Consume in multiple ways

Mobile Apps, Web Portal, Embedded in your organizational apps
Power BI Embedded
Embed stunning, fully interactive reports and visuals into your applications
Spend time focusing on your product instead of

building visual analytic features from scratch
Connect to countless data sources so that you can

expose insights to your customers
Take advantage of our existing Custom Visual library

or dream up the right visual for your customers
Embed consistent, easy-to-navigate visualization

experiences across any device
Leverage other familiar services like Visual Studio,

Azure Web Aps and other Azure services
Encourage customers to review the pricing and feature matrix
https://powerbi.microsoft.com/en-us/pricing/
Power BI Pro trial license can be obtained for 60 days
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Noisy neighbor isolation
Enhance performance by moving workspaces to dedicated hardware
Larger datasets
Import a dataset up to 10 GB in size
Faster data refresh rates

Up to 48 times per day per model
Increased storage
Total storage size up to 100 TB
Evaluate Power BI Report Build, test and demonstrate Use this edition of Power BI
Server capabilities in your your BI solution using this full Report Server to deploy in
non-production environment featured Power BI Report production BI solutions and
with this full-featured edition Server edition analytics workloads
Free Free. Use rights with purchase of

Installation expires after 180 Not for production Power BI Premium
days environments or for use with or
production data as SA benefit through SQL
Server EE + SA per core
licenses
No additional user No additional user Power BI Pro license required

subscription license required subscription license required to publish Power BI reports to
Power BI Report Server for
further distribution.
Consuming any report type
from the report server is
covered by your server license
My organization wants an on- My organization wants an on- My organization wants a
premises solution to generate premises solution for self- managed Software-as-a-Service
precisely-formatted operational service BI as well as (SaaS) solution for next-
reports operational reporting generation, business user-led
BI, complete with Apps, real-
time Dashboards, Q&A,
and more
SQL Server Reporting Services Power BI Report Server Power BI service

Capacity based SKUs for ISVs and developers through Azure
ISV/Developer offering
Allows ISVs to embed stunning visuals and analytics directly within their app, where
decisions are made.
Sold by capacity
Hourly meters
Purchased via Azure portal
If you are embedding for your organization, you only need to let people know how to get to your application.
Free users can consume content that is embedded from an app workspace (group), if that workspace is backed by
capacity. List the Free user as a member of app workspace (group), otherwise you receive a 401 unauthorized error. The
following table lists the available Power BI Premium SKUs available within Office 365.
Purchase a capacity that fits your needs. You can use the table below to understand which Power BI Embedded
capacity SKU you may need.
The recommendation of Microsoft is that enterprises buy Power BI Premium, an
enterprise-grade, self-service cloud BI solution, and ISVs buy Power BI Embedded,
cloud-powered embedded analytics components. However, there are no restrictions on
which product a customer can buy.
There may be some cases where an ISV (typically large) wants to use a P SKU to get the
additional benefits of the pre-packaged Power BI service within their organization as
well as embed in their applications. And of course, some Enterprises may decide to use
A SKUs in Azure if they are only interested in building line of business applications and
embedding analytics into them and are not interested in using the pre-packaged Power
BI service.
Introducing Power BI Desktop
User experience: Getting data
A query is defined by “getting data”

▪ Source types include All, File, Database, Azure, Online Services and Other
Data can be simply and quickly loaded “as is”

▪ Typically: Select type ► Define connection ► Authenticate ► Load
▪ Optionally, the Query Editor can be used to transform queries
User experience: Three views
User experience: Report view
Work in Report View to create any number of report pages with

visualizations
▪ It provides a very similar design experience as the Power BI service
▪ A report will have at a blank page to start, and any number of pages can be added
▪ Pages appear, and can be managed, in the navigator pane
User experience: Report view: Continued
The intent of the application is to land the user on the report

canvas as quickly as possible
▪ Built-in intelligence will often infer relationships, and detect data types and categories
▪ Evidence suggests that most schemas are relatively simple, and so the optimized path
is: Load data ► Visualize
User experience: Report view: Continued
Many model transformations can be applied while working in

Report View
▪ Change data types, formats, calculation formulas
▪ Rename fields
▪ Sort columns
▪ Manage relationships
User experience: Data view
Work in Data View to inspect, explore, and understand data in the
model
▪ It is a different experience from how you can view tables, columns, and data in Query
Editor
▪ This is a view of the data after it has been loaded into the model
User experience: Relationships view
▪ Work in Relationships
View to view all tables,
columns, measures and
relationships in the
model
Complex schemas: Development methodology
In contrast to the simple and quick “get then visualize” approach,

more complex schemas may follow this methodology:
1. Create queries and use the Query Editor to filter, cleanse and reshape data
2. Configure/refine relationships to establish the foundations of a model
3. Enrich the model with calculation logic and formatting
4. Design interactive reports with a broad range of modern data visualizations

5. Publish solutions directly to the Power BI service
Create Configure Enhance the Design Publish to

queries relationships model reports Power BI
Creating queries
Queries can be edited before loading into the model

Once created, each query:
▪ Is referenced by a unique name
▪ Defines query steps by using the language “M” (Power Query)
▪ Most query step logic does not require writing formulas
▪ Advanced logic can be written, and even exposed as functions
▪ Is used to load data into a model table

Power BI Desktop Data sources
Over 80+ data sources and growing
Creating queries
DirectQuery mode
Connections made to
supported data sources can
connect directly by using
DirectQuery:
▪ SQL Server
▪ Azure SQL Database
▪ Azure SQL Data Warehouse
▪ SAP HANA
▪ Oracle Database
▪ Teradata Database
▪ Amazon Redshift (Preview)
Creating queries
DirectQuery mode: Continued
When published to the Power BI Service:

▪ Until credentials are supplied, opening a published report or exploring a dataset
created with a DirectQuery connection to an online service results in an error
▪ For on-premises data sources that use DirectQuery, an On-Premises Data Gateway
must be installed and the data sources must be registered to establish a data
connection
Benefits:
▪ Allows building visualizations over very large datasets
▪ Reports always use current data
Creating queries
DirectyQuery mode: Continued
Limitations:
▪ All tables must come from a single database
▪ The Query Editor query cannot be overly complex
▪ DAX formula are restricted to a subset of the DAX functions
▪ Relationship filtering is limited to a single direction, rather than both directions
▪ If enabled, a preview feature allows cross filtering in both directions
▪ The data type of a column cannot be changed

▪ Q&A is not supported
▪ Quick Insights are not available
Creating queries
Defining query steps
The Query Editor can be used to filter,

cleanse and reshape data into the desired
result
▪ Steps can easily be produced by applying column filters,
and by using the commands available from the ribbon,
or the query and column context menus
▪ It is possible to select a step and preview the data at that
step
▪ Steps can be removed – but take care not to remove a
step that downstream steps depend on
▪ Step formulas can be viewed or edited in the formula bar
Creating queries
Defining query steps: Commands
Numerous commands are available on the Query Editor ribbons

and context menus to:
▪ Manage columns
▪ Reduce rows, including removing errors
▪ Transform
▪ Split
▪ Add columns, by using formulas
As the editor experience is WYSIWYG, users can easily experiment

and rollback changes
Creating queries
Defining query steps: Combining queries
New queries can be created by:

▪ Merging two queries (joining on a common column)
▪ Appending two queries (union)
Merge join options include:

Configuring relationships
Relationships enable filters on one table to appropriately

propagate filter to other tables
▪ Note: Relationships are not foreign key (integrity) constraints
They can be defined between any two tables, regardless of their

data connection or source type
▪ However, they must be based on single columns with matching data types
▪ There is no support for self-referencing relationships
Advanced options
It is possible to define multiple relationship paths between two

tables
▪ One relationship must be active, and will be used by default during model browsing
▪ The remaining relationships are inactive, and can be used explicitly in model
calculations
Advanced options: Continued
Configure relationship advanced
options to set:
▪ Cardinality
▪ Cross filter direction

▪ The Both option enables many-to-many
analysis
▪ Active/inactive
Enhancing the model
Model tables can be extended with hierarchies, calculations, and may be

hidden (i.e. not available for reporting)
Model column properties can be set:
▪ Data type
▪ Format
▪ Categorization
▪ Spatial types, or web URLs
▪ Sort order, based on another column from the same table
▪ Default summarization (numeric, text and date columns)
▪ Visibility
Enhancing the model
Hierarchies
Hierarchies can be added to a table, enabling navigation between

columns (in the one-to-many direction)
Enhancing the model
Calculations
There are three different types of calculations, and each are defined by using
DAX:
▪ Calculated columns
▪ Calculated tables
▪ Measures
DAX = Data Analysis EXpressions (DAX), consisting of:

▪ Excel functions (~80 functions)
▪ Table functions
▪ Aggregate functions
▪ Relationship navigation functions
▪ Context modification functions
▪ Time Intelligence functions
Enhancing the model
Calculations: Calculated columns
Define Calculated Columns to add new columns to tables

Column values for each row are materialized and stored in the
model
▪ If possible, to reduce the model size, avoid creating them
Column values are recalculated when:

▪ The table is refreshed
▪ Formula dependencies are refreshed
Enhancing the model
Calculations: Calculated tables
Define Calculated Tables to add new tables to the model, based

on existing data from other tables
▪ Calculated tables are generally best for intermediate calculations of data stored in the
model, rather than calculated on the fly
▪ Calculated tables appear in Relationship View, and relationships can be defined with
other tables
▪ If possible, to reduce the model size, avoid creating them
▪ Calculated tables are recalculated in the same circumstances as calculated columns
Enhancing the model
Calculations: Measures
Define Measures to add aggregation logic to the model

Values are not materialized in the model
▪ Formulas are evaluated at query time
Common aggregate functions:

▪ SUM
▪ COUNT, DISTINCTCOUNT, COUNTROWS
▪ AVERAGE, MEDIAN
▪ MIN, MAX
Enhancing the model
Tuning the model
The model design can be tuned to improve its usefulness and

Q&A response accuracy
▪ Set appropriate column data types, formats and categorization
▪ Ensure relationships are configured
▪ Ensure table and columns are visible/hidden
▪ Ensure table, column and measure names are
unique and concise
▪ Define synonyms (in Relationships view)
for tables, columns, and calculations
▪ Editing Q&A linguistic schemas
Securing the model
It is possible to restrict data access to datasets for given users
▪ Filters restrict data at the row level, and are assigned to roles
▪ Users are also assigned to roles
Roles are defined in Power BI Desktop: Adding Row-level-security (RLS)

▪ Using the username() or userprincipalname() DAX function
▪ You can use them within expressions in Power BI Desktop. When you publish your model, it will be used
within the Power BI service.
▪ Within Power BI Desktop, username() will return a user in the format of DOMAIN\User and
userprincipalname() will return a user in the format of user@contoso.com.
▪ Within the Power BI service, username() and userprincipalname() will both return the user's User Principal
Name (UPN). This looks similar to an email address.
Users are assigned in the Power BI service

Securing the model
Row-level security: Continued
Limitations:
▪ Only imported data and DirectQuery connections are supported
▪ Q&A and Cortana are not supported
▪ Analyze in Excel is not supported
▪ External sharing is not supported
Designing reports
Reports can be designed based on the visible model interface

The design experience is almost the same as is available in the
Power BI online service
▪ Text boxes, images and shapes can be added
▪ Text boxes can contain hyperlinks
▪ Buttons
▪ Buttons let you create an app-like experience with interactive elements in your report.
Designing reports
Enhance visuals with:

▪ Binning
▪ Groups
▪ Conditional formatting
▪ Clustering
▪ Forecasting
Designing reports
Custom visuals
Custom visuals are created by developers, using the custom visuals SDK, to enable business users to see their
data in a way that fits the business best. Report authors can then import the custom visuals files into their
reports and use them as any other Power BI visuals.
Custom visuals can be imported to extend beyond the out-of-the-box visualizations
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/power-bi-custom-visuals
Designing reports
Custom visuals
Custom visuals can be in the form of 3 deployment channels:
• Custom visual files: Custom visuals are packages that include code for rendering the data that is served to
them. Anyone can create a custom visual and package it as a single .pbiviz file, that can be imported into a
Power BI report.
• Organization visuals: Power BI admins can deploy custom visuals into their organization, so that report
authors can easily discover and use the custom visuals that the admin has approved to use inside of the
organization. This gives the admin the control to choose specific custom visuals to deploy in the organization,
as well as an easy way to manage (i.e. update version, disable/enable) those visuals. For the report author, it is
an easy way to discover visuals that are unique to the organization, as well as a seamless support for updating
those visuals.
• Marketplace visuals: Members of the community, as well as Microsoft, have contributed their custom visuals
to the benefit of the public and published them to AppSource marketplace. These visuals can be downloaded
and added to Power BI reports. All of these custom visuals have been tested and approved by Microsoft for
functionality and quality.
Designing reports
Custom visuals: R-powered Visuals
The Power BI service supports viewing and interacting with visuals created with R scripts. Visuals created with
R scripts, commonly called R visuals, can present advanced data shaping and analytics such as forecasting,
using the rich analytics and visualization power of R.
Once the report is created in Power BI Desktop,

you can publish the report containing one or
more R visuals to the Power BI service. R visuals
currently can only be created in Power BI
Desktop, and then published to the Power BI
service.
R visuals that are created in Power BI Desktop, and

then published to the Power BI service, for the
most part behave like any other visual in the Power
BI service; you can interact, filter, slice, and pin
them to a dashboard, or share them with others.
Publishing to Power BI
The Power BI Desktop file can be uploaded to

the Power BI service, or published directly
▪ Publish directly to your workspace or a group
Publishing to Power BI
Continued
Note, if overwriting an existing dataset:

▪ If there are two or more datasets with the same name, remove one, or rename the
Power BI Desktop file
▪ Renaming columns or measures can break existing reports or dashboard tiles
If row-level security roles have been defined, once published,

assign users to roles
Describing additional capabilities
▪ Query parameters
▪ Power BI template files
▪ Running R scripts
▪ Generating R visuals
▪ Shape maps (Preview)
Query parameters
With the Query Parameters feature, users can easily define one or
multiple parameters to be used in their queries, Data Model and
report layers in Power BI Desktop.
Parameters are defined in terms of:
▪ Name, Description, Type, Accepted Values, Default Value and Current Value
Parameters are like other queries, and can be referenced from

queries and loaded to the data model
Query parameters: Continued
In addition to Data Source dialogs, parameters can also be

referenced from the “Filter Rows” dialog and the “Replace Values”
dialog.
Power BI template files
Templates allow users to export the definition of a Power BI

Desktop report as a template (PBIT file) without including the
actual data, meaning a Power BI Report template includes
everything that a Report file includes, with the exception of the
data itself.
▪ Power BI Desktop file = query definitions + data model + report + parameters (if any)
▪ Users can easily instantiate a template by using Power BI Desktop, which will ask them
for parameter values (if required) and create a new Power BI Desktop report (PBIX file)
based upon the content in the template file (PBIT file)
Running R Scripts: Short overview
R scripts can be run directly in Power BI Desktop, and the resulting

datasets can be imported into a Power BI Desktop data model
▪ R must be installed on the local machine
▪ Only data frames are imported
▪ Columns typed as Complex and Vector are not imported
▪ Can be refreshed with a gateway
Running R Scripts: Continued
▪ Installing R: R can be downloaded and installed for free from many locations, including
the Revolution Open download page, and the CRAN Repository. The current release of
R scripting in Power BI Desktop supports Unicode characters as well as spaces (empty
characters) in the installation path.
▪ R scripting in Power BI Desktop now supports number formats that contain decimals (.)
and commas (,).
▪ To run an R script in Power BI Desktop, the script has to be created in a local R
development environment, and first it has to run successfully there meaning it has to
run successfully in a new and unmodified workspace: All packages and dependencies
must be explicitly loaded and run. Source() can to be used to run dependent scripts.
▪ When preparing and running an R script in Power BI Desktop, there are a few
limitations:
▪ Only data frames are imported: So make sure the data you want to import to Power BI is represented
in a data frame
▪ Columns that are typed as Complex and Vector are not imported, and are replaced with error values
in the created table
▪ Values that are N/A are translated to NULL values in Power BI Desktop
▪ Any R script that runs longer than 30 minutes times out
▪ Interactive calls in the R script, such as waiting for user input, halts the script’s execution
▪ When setting the working directory within the R script, you must define a full path to the working
directory, rather than a relative path
▪ Running an R script and importing Data: In

Power BI Desktop, the R Script data connector
is found in Get Data. To run the R Script, select
Get Data > More..., then select Other > R
Script as shown here in the picture
▪ If R is installed on the local machine,

the latest installed version is selected
as R engine. Simply copy your script
into the script window and select OK.
▪ If R is not installed, or is not identified, or

if there are multiple installations on the
local machine, expand R Installation
Settings to display installation options, or
to select which installation you want to
run the R script with.
▪ If R is installed, but not identified, you
can explicitly provide its location in the
text box provided when you expand R
Installation Settings. In the image to the
left, the path C:\Program Files\R\R-3.2.0
is explicitly provided in the text box.
▪ R installation settings are centrally located in

the R Scripting section of the Options dialog.
To specify your R installation settings, select
File > Options and settings and then Options
> R Scripting. If multiple installations of R are
available, a drop-down menu appears that
allows you to select which installation to use.
▪ Select OK to run the R Script. When the
script runs successfully, you can then choose
the resulting data frames to add to the
Power BI model.
▪ You can refresh an R script in Power BI
Desktop. When you refresh an R script,
Power BI Desktop runs the R script again in
the Power BI Desktop environment.
Creating R Visuals: Short Overview
R visuals render from R script, accepting input fields

Benefits:
▪ Leverage the voluminous and growing number of out-of-the-box plots available in R
▪ Easily customize R visuals by developing the script
▪ Combine advanced analytics in visuals
▪ Interact with R visuals in Power BI Desktop (filter, and cross-filter are supported)
Creating R Visuals: Continued
After specifying the R installation

the machine is ready to begin
creating R Visuals:
▪ Select the R Visual icon in the
Visualizations pane, as shown in the image
on the left, to add an R visual.
When adding an R visual

to a report, Power BI
Desktop does the follo-
wing:
▪ A placeholder R visual image
appears on the report canvas
▪ The R script editor appears along
the bottom of the center pane
▪ Next, add fields you want to consume in your R script to the Values section in the
Fields well, just as you would with any other Power BI Desktop visual
▪ Only fields that have been added to the Fields well are available to your R script, and
you can add new fields, or remove unneeded fields from the Fields well while working
on your R script in the Power BI Desktop R script editor
▪ Power BI Desktop automatically detects which fields you have added or removed
▪ Note: The default aggregation type for R visuals is do not summarize
▪ Now you can use the data you selected to create a
plot. As you select fields, the R script editor
generates supporting R script binding code based
on your selections in the gray section along the top
of the editor pane
▪ As you select or remove additional fields,
supporting code in the R script editor is
automatically generated or removed accordingly
▪ In the example shown in the image on the left,
three fields were selected: hp, gear, and drat. As a
result of those selections, the R script editor
generated the following binding code:
▪ A dataframe called dataset was created
▪ That dataframe is comprised of the different fields selected by the
user
▪ The default aggregation is do not summarize
▪ Similar to table visuals, fields are grouped and duplicate rows only
appear once
▪ With the dataframe automatically generated by the
fields you selected, you are ready to write R script
that results in plotting to the R default device.
When the script is complete, select Run from the R
script editor title bar (Run is on the right side of the
title bar)
▪ When Run is selected, Power BI Desktop identifies
the plot and present it on the canvas. Since the
process is executed on your local R installation,
make sure required packages are installed
▪ Power BI Desktop replots the visual when any of
the following events occur:
▪ Run is selected from the R script editor title bar
▪ Whenever a data change occurs, due to data refresh, filtering, or
highlighting
▪ The image on the left shows an example of the

correlation plot code, and plots the correlations
between attributes of different types of cars.
▪ To get a larger view of the visualizations, you can

minimize the R script editor.
▪ Like other visuals in Power BI Desktop, you can
cross filter the correlation plot by selecting only
sport cars in the donut visual (the round visual on
the right, in the example image).
▪ You can also modify the R script to customize the

visual, and take advantage of the power of R by
adding parameters to the plotting command.
▪ The original plotting command was the following:
▪ corrplot(M, method = "color", tl.cex=0.6, tl.srt = 45, tl.col =
"black")
▪ With a few changes in the R script, the command is

now the following:
▪ corrplot(M, method = "circle", tl.cex=0.6, tl.srt = 45, tl.col =
"black", type= "upper", order="hclust“)
▪ As a result, the R visual now plots circles, only

considers at the upper half, and reorders the matrix
to cluster correlated attributes, as shown in the
image on the left
▪ When executing a R script that results in an error,

the R visual is not plotted and an error message is
displayed on the canvas.
▪ For details on the error, select See details from the
R visual error on the canvas
▪ To add a word to R scripts security: R visuals are
created from R scripts, which could contain code
with security or privacy risks. When attempting to
view or interact with an R visual the first time, a
user is presented with a security warning message.
Only enable R visuals if you trust the author and
source, or after you review and understand the R
script.
R Visuals in Power BI Desktop has a few limitations:

▪ Data size limitations – data used by the R visual for plotting is limited to 150,000 rows. If more than 150,000 rows are selected,
only the top 150,000 rows are used and a message is displayed on the image
▪ Calculation time limitation – if an R visual calculation exceeds 5 minutes the execution times out, resulting in an error
▪ Relationships – as with other Power BI Desktop visuals, if data fields from different tables with no defined relationship between
them are selected, an error occurs
▪ R visuals are refreshed upon data updates, filtering, and highlighting. However, the image itself is not interactive and cannot be
the source of cross-filtering
▪ R visuals respond to highlighting other visuals, but you cannot click on elements in the R visual in order to cross filter other
elements
▪ Only plots that are plotted to the R default display device are displayed correctly on the canvas. Avoid explicitly using a different
R display device
▪ In this release, RRO installations are not automatically identified by the 32-bit version of Power BI Desktop, so you must manually
provide the path to the R installation directory in Options and settings > Options > R Scripting
Use an external R IDE with Power BI
▪ With Power BI Desktop, you can use an external R IDE
(Integrated Development Environment) in order to
create and refine R scripts. Then use those scripts in
Power BI.
▪ You can specify which R IDE you would like to use, and
have it launch automatically from within Power BI
Desktop.
▪ To use this feature, you need to install an R IDE on your
local computer. Power BI Desktop does not include,
deploy or install the R engine, so you must separately
install R on your local computer
Use an external R IDE with Power BI: Continued
▪ If you have multiple R IDEs installed, you can specify which will be launched by
selecting it from the Detected R IDEs drop-down in the Options dialog.
▪ By default, Power BI Desktop will launch R Studio as the external R IDE if it's installed
on your local computer; if R Studio is not installed and you have Visual Studio 2015
with R Tools for Visual Studio, that will be launched instead. If neither of those R IDEs
is installed, the application associated with .R files is launched.
▪ And if no .R file association exists, it's possible to specify a path to a custom IDE in the
Browse to your preferred R IDE section of the Options dialog. You can also launch a
different R IDE by selecting the Settings gear icon beside the Launch R IDE arrow icon,
in Power BI Desktop.
▪ To launch an R IDE from Power BI
Desktop, take the following steps:
▪ Load data into Power BI Desktop.
▪ Select some fields from the Fields pane that you want
to work with. If you haven't enabled script visuals yet,
you'll be prompted to do so.
▪ When script visuals are enabled, you can

select an R visual from the Visualizations
pane, which creates a blank R visual that's
ready to display the results of your script.
The R script editor pane also appears.
▪ When script visuals are enabled,

you can select an R visual from
the Visualizations pane, which
creates a blank R visual that's
ready to display the results of
your script. The R script editor
pane also appears.
▪ Now you can select the fields you

want to use in your R script.
When you select a field, the R
script editor field automatically
creates script code based on the
field or fields you select. You can
either create (or paste) your R
script directly in the R script
editor pane, your you can leave it
empty.
▪ Note: The default aggregation
type for R visuals is do not
summarize.
▪ You can now launch your R IDE

directly from Power BI Desktop.
Select the Launch R IDE button,
found on the right side of the R
script editor title bar, as shown on
the left.
▪ Your specified R IDE is launched by Power BI

Desktop, as shown on the left (in this image, RStudio
is the default R IDE).
▪ Any script you created in the R script editor pane of
Power BI Desktop appears starting in line 4 in your R
IDE. At this point you can create your R script in the R
IDE. Once your R script is complete in your R IDE,
you need to copy and paste it back into the R script
editor pane in Power BI Desktop, excluding the first
three lines of the script that Power BI Desktop
automatically generated. Do not copy the first three
lines of script back into Power BI Desktop, those lines
were only used to import your data to your R IDE
from Power BI Desktop.
Clustering
▪ In November 2016 a new analytical
feature was added in Power BI:
Clustering
▪ Clustering lets you quickly find
groups of similar data points in a
subset of your data.
▪ You can use clustering on your
scatter chart by clicking the “...” and
then selecting ‘Automatically find
clusters’.
Clustering: Continued
▪ When you select this command, a dialog

opens where you can decide how many
clusters you want to find. If you leave it
blank, automatically the number of
clusters will be found that makes the
most sense with the available data.
▪ After the clustering algorithm runs, a
new categorical field with the different
cluster groups in it will be created. This
new field will be adding to your scatter
chart’s legend field well bucket, which
you can now use as a source of cross
highlighting like any other legend field.
You can also find it in your field list and
use it in new visuals just like any other
field.
▪ You can ▪ In this dialog,

select Edit you can
clusters in rename the
the field field, name
list menu each of the
to con- clusters, or
figure it adjust the
further. number of
clusters you
want us to
find.
▪ If you want to find clusters

using more than two
measures, you can use a
table to add all the fields you
want to use and run the
clustering algorithm using
the same process.
▪ The new field and the field

list to use in other charts will
be added to the table.
▪ One way to use newly created cluster field

is a couple of custom visuals to do further
analysis and evaluate the clusters. For
example, you could use the cluster column
and each of the associated measures in a
radar chart to see the aggregate of each
measure for each cluster. You could also use
the cluster column and one of the
measures in a box and whiskers plot to see
the distribution of values for that measure
in each cluster. This can help you determine
the min, max, and median values for that
measure within each cluster.
▪ Since this is a preview feature, you will need
to enable it in the Preview Features tab in
the File-Options and settings-Options
dialog.
Shape maps (Preview)
A Shape Map visual can be used to show relative comparisons of

regions on a map by applying different colors to different regions
▪ In contrast to the Map visual, Shape Map cannot show precise geographical locations
of data points on a map
▪ Instead, its main purpose is to show relative comparisons of regions on a map by
coloring them differently
▪ The Shape Map visual is in Preview, and must be enabled in Power BI Desktop. To
enable Shape Map, select File > Options and settings > Options > Preview Features,
then select the Shape Map Visual checkbox. You'll need to restart Power BI Desktop
after you made the selection.
Shape maps (Preview): Continued
Custom maps with Shape

Map can be used, if they are
in the TopoJSON format
Possibilities:
▪ Geographical maps
▪ Theater seat bookings
▪ Supermarket store layouts
DAX Formula Language
▪ The DAX Formula Language is a collection of functions, operators, and constants that can be used in a
formula, or expression, in order to calculate and return one or more values. In other words, DAX helps
you create new information from data already in your model.
▪ Of course, it is quite easy to create a new Power BI Desktop file and import some data into it. You can
create reports that show valuable insights without using any DAX formulas at all. But, what if you need
to analyze growth percentage across product categories and for different date ranges? Or, you need
calculate year-over-year growth compared to market trends? DAX formulas provide this capability and
many other important capabilities as well.
▪ Learning how to create effective DAX formulas will help you get the most out of your data. When you
get the information you need, you can begin to solve real business problems that affect your bottom
line. This is the power in Power BI, and DAX will help you get there.
DAX Formula Language: Continued
Prerequisites:
▪ Even if you have no experience with Excel formulas, the DAX concepts will
help you get started creating DAX formulas and solving real-world BI
problems
▪ However you should already be familiar with Power BI Desktop, importing
data, adding fields to a report
▪ You should also be familiar with fundamental concepts of Measures and
Calculated columns
Measures: Calculated Columns:

In Power BI Desktop, With calculated columns, you can
measures are created and add new data to a table already in
used in Report View or your model. But instead of
Data View. Measures you querying and loading values into
create yourself appear in your new column from a data
source, you create a Data Analysis
the Fields list with a
Expressions (DAX) formula that
calculator icon. You can
defines the column’s values.
name measures whatever
you want, and add them Calculated columns you create
to a new or existing appear in the Fields list just like
visualization just like any any other field, but they have a
other field. special icon showing its values are
the result of a formula. You can
name your columns whatever you
want, and add them to a report
visualization just like other fields.
For a better understanding of DAX there are three fundamental concepts:

▪ Syntax:
The DAX formula syntax includes the various elements that make up a formula, or more simply, how the formula is
written.
▪ Functions:
Functions are predefined formulas that perform calculations by using specific values, called arguments, in a
particular order or structure. Arguments can be other functions, another formula, expression, column references,
numbers, text, logical values such as TRUE or FALSE, or constants.
▪ Context:
Context is one of the most important DAX concepts to understand. There are two types of context in DAX: Row
context and Filter context.
▪ Row context is most easily thought of as the current row. It applies whenever a formula has a function that applies filters to identify a single row
in a table.
▪ Filter context is a little more difficult to understand than row context. You can most easily think of filter context as: One or more filters applied in
a calculation that determines a result or value.
The DAX Formula Syntax: Here is an example for a simple DAX formula for a measure:
This formula includes the following syntax elements:
A. The measure name Total Sales.
B. The equals sign operator (=) indicates the beginning of the

formula. When calculated, it will return a result.
C. The DAX function SUM adds up all of the numbers in the

Sales[SalesAmount] column.
D. Parenthesis () surround an expression containing one or more

arguments. All functions require at least one argument. An
argument passes a value to a function.
E. The referenced table Sales.
F. The referenced column [SalesAmount] in the Sales table. With

this argument, the SUM function knows on which column to
aggregate a SUM.
The DAX Functions:
▪ Functions are predefined formulas that perform calculations by using specific values, called arguments, in a particular order or
structure. Arguments can be other functions, another formula, expression, column references, numbers, text, logical values such
as TRUE or FALSE, or constants.
▪ DAX includes the following categories of functions: Date and Time, Time Intelligence,Information, Logical,Mathematical,
Statistical, Text, Parent/Child and Other functions. If you’re familiar with functions in Excel formulas, many of the functions in DAX
will appear similar to you. Please note:
▪ A DAX function always references a complete column or a table. If you want to use only particular values from a table or column, you can add
filters to the formula.
▪ If you need to customize calculations on a row-by-row basis, DAX provides functions that let you use the current row value or a related value
as a kind of argument, to perform calculations that vary by context.
▪ DAX includes many functions that return a table rather than a value. The table is not displayed, but is used to provide input to other functions.
▪ DAX includes a variety of time intelligence functions. These functions let you define or select date ranges, and perform dynamic calculations
based on them.
▪ Excel has a very popular function, VLOOKUP. DAX functions don’t take a cell or cell range as a reference like VLOOKUP does in Excel. DAX
functions take a column or a table as a reference. Keep in-mind, in Power BI Desktop, you’re working with a relational data model. Looking up
values in another table is really quite easy, and in most cases you don’t need to create any formula at all.
A. The measure name Store Sales.
The DAX Context: B. The equals sign operator (=) indicates the
beginning of the formula.
C. The CALCULATE function evaluates an

expression, as an argument, in a context that is
modified by the specified filters.
D. Parenthesis () surround an expression containing one or more arguments.
E. A measure [Total Sales] in the same table as an expression. The Total Sales measure has the formula:
=SUM(Sales[SalesAmount]).
F. A comma (,) separates the first expression argument from the filter argument.
G. The fully qualified referenced column, Channel[ChannelName]. This is our row context. Each row in this column
specifies a channel: Store, Online, etc.
H. The particular value, Store as a filter. This is our filter context.

Summary:
▪ Using this basic understanding of the most important concepts in DAX, you can begin creating DAX formulas for
measures on your own. DAX can indeed be a little tricky to learn, but there are many resources available to you.
▪ After experimenting with a few of your own formulas, you can learn more about other DAX concepts and formulas
that can help you solve your own business problems. A most important resource is the Data Analysis Expressions
(DAX) Reference.
▪ DAX has been around for several years in other Microsoft BI tools such as Power Pivot and Analysis Services Tabular
models, so there’s a lot of great information out there. You can find more information in books, whitepapers, and
blogs from both Microsoft and leading BI professionals. The DAX Resource Center Wiki on TechNet is also a great
place to start.
▪ In the technical attached ZIP-File “Contoso Sales for Power BI Desktop.zip” you will find these two files; following the
instructions inside the DOCX-File you will create a measure formula, based on the sample PBIX-File
▪ Creating a Measure Formula.docx
▪ Contoso Sales for Power BI Desktop.pbix

Power BI service
Cloud-based SaaS solutions
Get started quickly
Secure, live connection to your data sources,

Auto insights and intuitive data exploration using

natural language query
Pre-built dashboards and reports for popular SaaS

solutions
Live, real-time dashboard updates
Deliver insights through other services such as

Sharing and collaboration of dashboards, reports & datasets
SharePoint, PowerApps & Teams
Secure, live connection to your data sources
Keep your data anywhere

Scheduled refresh/
Live connection/
DirectQuery
Secure live connections to your data Power BI service

Secure through Azure Service Bus
Keep your data fresh

Scheduled refresh/ Live connection/ DirectQuery
Access and refresh the data via

• Direct Query to cloud and on-premises data sources
• Live connectivity to Analysis Services
• Import, with scheduled refresh
• REST APIs to stream data
Power BI Publishing
.
1. In Power BI Desktop > File > Publish
> Publish to Power BI or click Publish
on the ribbon
2. Sign in to Power BI.
When complete, you'll get a link to

open your report in your Power BI site.
Re-publish Power BI Desktop file
.When you re-publish your Power BI Desktop file, the dataset in your Power BI site will be replaced with the
updated dataset from the Power BI Desktop file.
Things to Remember
• If you already have two or more datasets in Power BI with the same name as the Power
BI Desktop file, publish could fail.
• Don’t rename or delete a column or measure
• Power BI ignores some format changes of existing columns
• Sign in new data source when republishing prior to next scheduled refresh
Creating and exploring reports
Creating reports
Use reports to layout visualizations across

one or more pages
Rich, interactive reports can be created,
updated and explored in the web browser
experience
▪ A report is based on a single dataset
▪ Reports consist of one or more pages
▪ Each page can be named, and consists of visualizations
and shapes
Creating reports
Dataset fields are used to layout a

visualization
▪ Visualization type and format can be adjusted to suit
Filtering can be applied at report, page or

visualization level
Sorting can be set at visualization level
Creating reports: Visualization types
Choose from numerous modern

visualization types:
▪ Filter data:
▪ Slicer
▪ Display numeric values:

▪ Card, Multi Row Card, Table, Matrix, KPI
▪ Graphically visualize data:

▪ Bar, Column, Line, Combo, Scatter, Waterfall, Pie, Donut, Funnel,
Treemap, Gauge, R Script
▪ Spatially visualize data:
▪ Map, Filled map, Shape map (preview)
Exploring reports
Reports are either in Reading View or Editing View

▪ In both views, report pages can be opened in Full Screen Mode, or individual visualizations can be
popped out/in to see them zoomed in/out
In Reading View:
▪ Users cannot change the report definition
▪ Users can interact by changing filters or sorting
▪ Users can highlight values in one visualization to filter other page visualizations
▪ Shared reports can only be opened in Reading View
In Editing View:
▪ Users can interact, as in Reading View
▪ Users can also update the report (add/remove/reorder pages or visualizations)
Assembling dashboards
Dashboards display tiles in a

single canvas
▪ A tile is sourced by “pinning” either a
report, report visualization, or a Q&A
response
▪ A dashboard can be based on one or
more datasets
▪ Tiles can be resized and repositioned,
and their titles/subtitles can be
updated
▪ Tiles can be sized to 1-5 units wide/high
Continued
Tiles can be opened in

In-Focus Mode, filling the
dashboard space
▪ The data last updated date is
displayed
▪ Not available for tiles sourced
from Q&A questions
Data can also be

exported
Continued
Additionally, non data-related

tiles can be added to a
dashboard, using:
▪ Web content
▪ Images
▪ Text boxes
▪ Videos
Continued
Dashboards enable interactivity

▪ By default, clicking on a tile will drill through to its source
▪ However, a custom link (URL) can be set to override this default behavior
Dashboard tiles can reflect live, real-time data

▪ For non real-time datasets, tile thumbnails are automatically cached every 15 minutes
Dashboards can be displayed in Full Screen Mode

▪ Additionally, all tiles can be
displayed by using Fit to Screen
Automatically generate data insights
Automatically generate visualizations based on your

data
Build a dashboard quickly
Find insight in your data you may have missed
Built on a growing set of advanced algorithms

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/service-insight-types
Quick insights
Quick Insights with Power BI
.
1. In the left navigation pane, under Datasets select the ellipses (...) and choose
Quick Insights.
2. Within seconds, your insights are ready. Select View Insights to display
visualizations.
Quick Insights with Power BI
. How does Quick Insights work?
Power BI quickly searches different subsets of your dataset while applying a set of sophisticated algorithms to
discover potentially-interesting insights. Power BI scans as much of a dataset as possible in an allotted amount
of time.
1. Majority (Major factors)

2. Category outliers (top/bottom)
3. Time series outliers
4. Overall trends in time series
5. Seasonality in time series
6. Steady share
7. Correlation
8. Change points in a time series
Analyze in Excel
There are times when you may want to use Excel to view and interact
with a dataset that you have Power BI. With Analyze in Excel, you can do
just that, and access PivotTable, chart, and slicer features in Excel based
on the dataset that exists in Power BI.
Analyze in Excel
Requirements
1. There are a few requirements for using Analyze in Excel: - Analyze in Excel is
supported for Microsoft Excel 2010 SP1 and later.
2. Excel PivotTables do not support drag-and-drop aggregation of numeric fields.
3. Your dataset in Power BI must have pre-defined measures
When you open the file in Excel, an empty PivotTable and Fields list appears with the
tables, fields, and measures from the Power BI dataset. You can create PivotTables, charts,
and analyze that dataset just as you would work with a local dataset in Excel.
Analyze in Excel is very useful for datasets and reports that connect to Analysis Services Tabular or
Multidimensional databases, or from Power BI Desktop files or Excel workbooks with data models that have
explicit measures created using Data Analysis Expressions (DAX).
Analyze in Excel
Get started with Analyze in Excel
In Power BI, select the ellipses menu

beside a report or dataset (the ... beside
the report or dataset name), and from
the menu that appears, select Analyze
in Excel.
Analyze in Excel
Install Excel updates
When you first use Analyze in Excel,

you need to install updates to the Excel
libraries. You’ll be prompted to
download and run Excel updates
Analyze in Excel
Sign in to Power BI
you may be asked to

sign in to Power BI
with your Power BI
account. This
authenticates the
connection from
Excel to Power BI.
Analyze in Excel
Analyze with
your Power BI
dataset. Just
as with other
local
workbooks,
Notification
Set data alerts in Power BI service
• Set alerts to notify you when data in your dashboards changes beyond limits you set. Alerts work
for numeric tiles featuring cards, KPIs, and gauges.
• Only you can see the alerts you set, even if you share your dashboard.
• not available for Power BI Desktop

Notification
Set data alerts in Power BI service
1. Start on a dashboard. From a dashboard tile, select the

ellipses
2. Select the bell icon to add one or more alerts for
3. To start, ensure the slider is set to On, and give your

alert a title. Titles help you easily recognize your alerts.
Notification (Manage Alerts)
Three ways of setting alerts
1. Dashboard tile itself

2. Power BI Settings menu
3. individual tile
1. Dashboard tile itself
• If you need to change or remove an alert for a tile, re-open the

Manage alerts window by selecting the bell icon . All the alerts that
you've set for that tile are displayed.
Notification (Manage Alerts)
2. Power BI Settings menu
3. Individual tile
From the tile itself you can switch on and switch off the alert
Collaborate: Empower your organization
How should I collaborate and share in Power BI?
• Collaborating with coworkers to create meaningful reports and
dashboards in app workspaces.
• Bundling those dashboards and reports into apps and publishing them
to a larger group or your whole organization.
• Sharing dashboards or reports with a few people, from the service or
the Power BI mobile apps.
• Publishing to the web, where anyone can see and interact with them.
• Printing.
No matter which option you choose, to share a dashboard you need a Power BI Pro license, or the
content needs to be in a Premium capacity. License requirements vary for the colleagues who view your
dashboards, depending on the option you choose.
Collaborate with coworkers to create an app
An app is a collection of dashboards and reports built to deliver
key metrics for your organization.
To create an app, you need a app
workspace, with your teammates as
members. Think of the app
workspace as a staging area where
you and they can collaborate on
your Power BI dashboards and
reports. All of you can create reports
in Power BI Desktop and publish
those reports to the app workspace,
and all of you need Power BI Pro
licenses.
Manage your app workspace in Power BI and Office 365
In Power BI you can:

• Add or remove app workspace members, including making a workspace member an admin.
• Edit the app workspace name.
• Delete the app workspace.
In Office 365 you can:

• Add or remove your app workspace's group members, including making a member an admin.
• Edit the group name, image, description, and other settings.
• See the group email address.
• Delete the group.
Publish your app to a broad audience
Say you want to distribute your
dashboard to a broad audience. You
and your coworkers have created an
app workspace, then created and
refined dashboards, reports, and
datasets in the app workspace. Now
you select the dashboards and
reports you want and publish them
as an app — either to members of a
security group or distribution list, or
to your whole organization.
Share dashboards and reports
You need a Power BI Pro license to share your content, and those you share it with
do too, or the content needs to be in a Premium capacity. When you share a
dashboard or report, they can view it and interact with it, but can't edit it. They see
the same data that you see in the dashboard and reports unless row-level security
(RLS) is applied to the underlying dataset. The coworkers you share it with can
share with their coworkers, if you allow them to.
You can share with people

outside your organization,
too. They can view and
interact with the dashboard
too, but can't share it.
Annotate and share from the Power BI mobile apps
In the Power BI mobile apps for iOS and
Android devices, you can annotate a tile,
report, or visual and then share it with anyone
via email.
You're sharing a snapshot of the tile, report, or

visual, and your recipients see it exactly as it
was when you sent the mail. The mail also
contains a link to the dashboard or report.
Publish to the web
You can publish Power BI reports to the whole Internet by embedding interactive
visualizations in blog posts, websites, social media, and other online
communications on any device. Anyone on the Internet can view your reports, and
you have no control over who can see what you've published. They don't need a
Power BI license. Publishing to the web is available only for reports that you can edit.
You can't publish reports to the web if they're shared with you or if they're in an app.
Ask questions of your data – the way you
would ask a person
Type questions in plain language – Power BI Q&A will

provide the answers
Q&A will provide suggested questions, terms and

visuals for your dataset
Q&A intelligently filters, sorts, aggregates, groups, and

displays data based on the question
Pin the answers to your dashboard

Natural Language Queries (Q&A)
Begin by asking “Show…”
▪ For example:
▪ Show <table>
▪ Show <aggregate function><numeric column>
▪ Show <measure> by <column>
▪ Show <column> where <column> is before <date value>
▪ Show <measure> where <column> is before <date value> sorted by <measure>
▪ Show <measure> where <datetime column> is [this | last] [year | month | hour | minute | second]
Optionally, Q&A responses can be:

▪ Customized by using the Visualizations or Fields pane
▪ Pinned to the dashboard

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Speed

Data source: Microsoft and IDC, April 2014

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

What Why did it What will What should

Interactive Predictive Recommendations

• Natural language • Intelligent Bots powered by

Data Intelligence Action

Dashboards and Visualizations

SQL Data Data Lake Bot Web

Apps Cosmos DB Mobile

Data Intelligence Action

Ingest Store Interact Pilots

Ingest Store Interact Pilots

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Secure, live connection to your data sources,

Auto insights and intuitive data exploration using

Pre-built dashboards and reports for popular SaaS

Live, real-time dashboard updates

Deliver insights through other services such as

Greater scale and performance Premium capacity – P1

On-premise reporting solution

Consume in multiple ways

Spend time focusing on your product instead of

Connect to countless data sources so that you can

Take advantage of our existing Custom Visual library

Embed consistent, easy-to-navigate visualization

Leverage other familiar services like Visual Studio,

Faster data refresh rates

Free Free. Use rights with purchase of

No additional user No additional user Power BI Pro license required

SQL Server Reporting Services Power BI Report Server Power BI service

A query is defined by “getting data”

Data can be simply and quickly loaded “as is”

Work in Report View to create any number of report pages with

The intent of the application is to land the user on the report

Many model transformations can be applied while working in

In contrast to the simple and quick “get then visualize” approach,

3. Enrich the model with calculation logic and formatting

4. Design interactive reports with a broad range of modern data visualizations

Create Configure Enhance the Design Publish to

Queries can be edited before loading into the model

▪ Is used to load data into a model table

When published to the Power BI Service:

▪ The data type of a column cannot be changed

The Query Editor can be used to filter,

Numerous commands are available on the Query Editor ribbons

As the editor experience is WYSIWYG, users can easily experiment

New queries can be created by:

▪ Appending two queries (union)

Merge join options include:

Relationships enable filters on one table to appropriately

They can be defined between any two tables, regardless of their

It is possible to define multiple relationship paths between two

▪ Cross filter direction

Model tables can be extended with hierarchies, calculations, and may be

Hierarchies can be added to a table, enabling navigation between

DAX = Data Analysis EXpressions (DAX), consisting of:

Define Calculated Columns to add new columns to tables

Column values are recalculated when:

Define Calculated Tables to add new tables to the model, based

Define Measures to add aggregation logic to the model

Common aggregate functions:

The model design can be tuned to improve its usefulness and