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Outline
Flow planning and analysis
Plant arrangement
Process arrangement
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1. Flow planning and analysis
Factors to be considered flow planning process
Analysis of material movement
Planning flow patterns
Determination of departmental locations
Dependency of one area to another
Volumes of movement between area
Some techniques used for flow planning process
Assembly chart
Operation process chart
Flow process chart
Activity relationship chart etc
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2. Plant & Process arrangement
Plant arrangement is a system composed of interacting individual
departments.
o Production control,
o Administrative office
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3. SPACE PLANNING AND AREA ALLOCATION
1. SPACE PLANNING
For a proper layout it is necessary to analyze space available,
required, or to be allocated to each activity or function of the
enterprise.
For this, first task is to identify the production, service and auxiliary
activities necessary for the enterprise.
Activity Centers
Main activity centers for various types of facilities are :
1. Production
Work stations, Receiving, storage, Warehousing, shipping, Scrap and
waste disposal
Production control: Industrial/Garment engineering and Quality
control.
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Activity Centers cont…
2. Administrative 4. Colony
General manager. Residences.
Sales, Purchasing and marketing. Parks, landscaping etc.
Finance, Accounting and HR Rest rooms.
Reception, data processing community halls.
Library, Time keeping and etc. Shopping complex.
3. Welfare (Happiness and Safety) Power generation.
Medical, Education facilities.
o An existing building,
1. Production rate
2. Equipment requirements
3. Employee requirements
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1. OFFICES
Offices for the purpose of plant layout means administrative and
personnel services, and includes work-space and space required for
other services and amenities.
Requirements for office layout planning are
o Electrical needs,
o Direction of natural light,
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The office space includes:
• Work-place. • Canteen.
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(a) Receiving.
Receiving is concerned with the receipt of materials
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(3) PRODUCTION
Space requirement for production mainly
depends on the sum of the areas of individual
work-places. An allowance is added to this,to
provide aisles and other non-productive areas.
Total production space is determined after
determining the areas for all work-places,
machines and operators engaged for each
operation or activity.
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While designing work-place, designer should
follow the principles of motion-economy and
work-place design.
It should consider the following factors:
• Direction of flow of material or activity.
• Items to be kept in the workplace e.g., machine,
bench, stock containers, and conveyors.
• A sketch be prepared indicating the equipment,
direction of material flow
• Waste and scrap disposal route.
• Path of material handling equipment indicating the
area needed.
• Distances between items in the workplace be
indicated on the sketch drawn as mentioned above.
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(4) TOOL ROOM (workshops)
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Following factors should be considered while
planning for tool rooms:
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(5) PARKING
With the improvements in living standards, it is
becoming an increasingly difficult problem to
provide an adequate parking space.
These should be regulated both from the
ecological and appearance point of view.
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Since rate of manufacturing and demand of
goods is not the same, warehousing has become
necessary for serving as cushion for holding
goods until they are demanded .
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Factors considered for planning the space requirement
for a warehouse
• Type ,and quantity of goods.
• Turnover of goods.
• Weight ,Volume, shape and stackability of goods.
• Method of storing (bulk, racks, bins, etc.),
• Inventory policy.
• Material handling methods, and handling equipments.
• Areas required for services and facilities.
• Flexibility and expansion requirements, and long range
plans.
• Order picking area.
• Packing area requirement.
• Area requirement for loading and shipping.
• Investment required, return on investment and cost
of land .. 20
(7) SHIPPING
Shipping is concerned with the,
(i ) disposition of stock selected
to fill the orders,
(ii) packing of items for
shipment, and
(iii) loading them, onto a vehicle
for delivery.
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Due to close interrelationship between
receiving, warehousing, and shipping, these
must be considered together in the layout
planning. The shipping activity is the reverse
of the receiving activity.
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For determining shipping requirement, following
factors are considered:
1. Physical characteristics of the items to be
handled.
2. Determination of amount of workload;
(a) Number of shipments per unit oftime ;
(b) Pieces per shipment.
(c) Volume of truck or rail.
3. Design of docks and related equipment.
4. Handling methods and equipment.
5. Location of shipping area.
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Service activities of an appropriate size to the
amount of work/utility should also be planned.
These service activities are:
• Preventive maintenance.
Repair work.
• Medical services .
• Lavatory, drinking water space, canteen etc.
• Recreation facilities. Etc.
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Total number of product units Qf = PQ
Total number of parts produced npf = PQnp
Total number of operations nof = PQnpno
where
P = Product variety
Q = Product quantity
np = Number of parts in product
no = Number of operations in product
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2.2: The ABC Company is planning a new product line and will build a
new plant to manufacture the parts for a new product line. The
product line will include 50 different models. Annual production
of each model is expected to be 1000 units. Each product will
be assembled of 400 components. All processing of parts will
be accomplished in one factory. There are an average of 6
processing steps required to produce each component, and each
processing step takes 1.0 minute (includes an allowance for
setup time and part handling). All processing operations are
performed at workstations, each of which includes a production
machine and a human worker. If each workstation requires a
floor space of 250 m2, and the factory operates one shift
(2000 hr/yr), determine (a) how many production operations,
and (b) how many workers ,and how much floors pace will be
required in the plant,.
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(a) nof = PQnpno = 50(1000)(400)(6) =
120,000,000 operations in the factory per
year.
(b) Total operation time = (120 x 106
ops)(1min./(60 min./hr)) = 2,000,000 hr/yr.
At 2000 hours/yr per worker, w = = 1000
workers.
(c) Number of workstations n = w = 1000.
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Considering the data given in the table below,
develop the most appropriate layout.
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