Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila

Introduction to World
Religions & Belief
Systems
Worldviews ,Belief
Systems & Religion

Quarter 1- Week 1
Module 1
Most Essential Learning Competency:
Differentiate the concept, elements and characteristics of
belief system, world view, religion, and spirituality
.
 HOW TO USE THIS MODULE

Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will disturb
you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to successfully
enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of
this module.
2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Writing enhances
learning, that is important to develop and keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the answer key card.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

PARTS OF THE MODULE

• Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the module.
• Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.
• Looking Back to your Lesson - This section will measure what learnings
and skills did you understand from the previous lesson.
• Brief Introduction - This section will give you an overview of the lesson.
• Discussion - This section provides a short discussion of the lesson. This
aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and skills.
• Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform with a partner.
• Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the
lessons.
• Check your understanding - It will verify how you learned from the lesson.
• Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
module.

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 EXPECTATIONS

You will differentiate the concept, elements and characteristics of

belief system and world view religion.
Specifically, this module will help you to:
• understand the dynamics of the different elements and characteristics of the
belief system, world view and religion.
• appreciate the importance of one’s own beliefs and views as a believer of God
and;
• apply these beliefs in your interaction with your fellowmen, the world, nature
and God.

Let us start your journey in learning more on belief system,

world view and religion. I am sure you are ready and excited
to answer the Pretest. Smile and cheer up!

PRETEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer and write it on a separate sheet of
paper.

_____1.A worldview is similar to_____________________________.

A. understanding about life C. opinion
B. belief system D. both a & b

____ 2. Which statement is not a belief system?

A. I believe I can fly.
B. “An unexamined life is not worth living for.” (Socrates)
C. “Si Malakas at si Maganda” the Filipino version of Creation story.
D. The West Philippine sea belongs to Filipinos as affirmed by an as
arbitrary tribunal in Hague, Netherland.

3. Identify the statement that does NOT describe a spiritual person.

A. A person who sees God always in all things.
B. A person who always goes to church on Sundays.
C. A person who experiences “Bodhi ” or “Enlightenment.”
D. A person who feels the force of nature and become one with it.

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4. Since time immemorial, belief to a divine being is practiced by people in
different cultural milieu and traditions. There are even those who worship
animals like the golden calf in in the Old Testament as their God. Other
culture even consider millions of small gods like the Hindus. How do you call
the people who believe in one God?
A. Polytheists C. Pantheists
B. Monotheists D. Atheists

5. As individuals we use different lenses in seeing things and realities around

us. Conflicts sometimes arise in defense of their point of view. Our pluralistic
society has also varied belief systems. What statement best described what a
belief system is?
A. A particular way of ordering the realities of the world.
B. The religious preferences of a person or group
C. Anything that we do and think about all the time.
D. A speculative thinking and ritualistic habit of different people.

Great, you finished answering the questions. You may request your
facilitator to check your work. Congratulations and keep on learning!

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 LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON
Call-a-Friend

Since this is our first lesson I would like you to do the following;

Directions:
1. Interview your parents and write their answers in a separate sheet of
paper.
2. Ask them the following questions?
a. What is the most important thing in their life? Let them explain
briefly.
b. What values (ex. honesty, simplicity, God-fearing, etc) they would
like you to follow? Why?
c. Ask them about their idea of God?

BRIEF INTRODUCTION
The lesson will guide you in understanding the relationship of the following
concepts namely; Worldview, Belief Systems and Religion.

Theology

Source:Dreamstime.com
The above illustration shows the dynamics of worldview, belief system and religion.
You must be aware how these concepts play an important role in your daily life
especially in your relationship with the divine.

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DISCUSSIONS

Lesson Worldview,
Belief Systems
1 and Religion
World View and Belief Systems

Since childbirth there are rules or traditions that are imposed to you by your
parents and society where you belong. “Do this because this is right.” “Be good to
others!” “Huwag kang gumawa ng masama kung ayaw mong ma-karma.”. These are
simple reminders of our parents. When you are brought to the school for your
education, same values or beliefs are being strengthened. In some period in your
life you became a member of a religious organization or perhaps by tradition. The
beliefs and values that you learned from your parents and school are reinforced by
the teachings of that specific religion. All that you have learned from your parents,,
school, religious affiliation and other influences became your belief system and
your worldview. Carol Hill describes worldview, as
“By worldview (or belief system) I mean the basic way of interpreting things and
events that pervades a culture so thoroughly that it becomes a culture’s concept of
reality-what is good, what is important, what is sacred, what is real. It is more than
culture, even though the distinction between the two can sometimes be subtle. It
extends to perceptions of time and space, of happiness and well-being. The beliefs,
values, and behaviors of culture stem directly from its worldview.” (Hill, 2007)

Often times you are not conscious of your own worldview unless it is
challenged or dared by other belief system. A very simple definition of a “worldview”
is given by Matt Slick. According to him a worldview is a set of beliefs used to
understand the world. Everyone has a set of principles by which to judge right
and wrong and which guides them in everyday living. You stop at a red light and go
at a green. ( Cornejo, et al, 2019).
Google has a simple definition, it says, ”Belief systems are the stories we tell
ourselves to define our personal sense of ‘reality’ (the way things actually
exist). Every human being has a belief system that he/she utilizes and it is
through this mechanism that we individually “make sense” of the world
around us.” It could be a set of beliefs or a philosophy of life. Belief system
shapes your worldview about the world, your existence, and relationships with your
fellowmen. In other words, “ a worldview whether religious or nonreligious, is a
personal insight about reality and meaning, often termed a “life understanding”
which I may call a product of belief systems. Most often worldviews are shaped by
religions. Inside the box are worldviews about man’s perspective of God.
(Serapio,2016).

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 1. Naturalism (e.g. Atheism, Agnosticism, Existentialism). It denies the
existence of God. The material universe is all that exist.
2. Pantheism ( e.g. Hinduism, Taoism, Buddhism; much New Age
Consciousness. They believe that only the spiritual dimension exists. All
else is illusion. Man is spiritual and eternal.
3. Theism (e.g. Judaism, Christianity, Islam). They believe that an infinite,
personal God exists. God created the real world. People are created in the
image of God.
4. Spiritism. The world is inhabited by spirit beings who govern earthly
activities. Man is created by gods like the rest of the creatures on earth.
Material things are real but they have spirits associated with them.
5. Polytheism: This is the belief in many gods or deities. The culture of
Ancient Greeks and Romans depict this kind of beliefs.

Worldviews are not all about God, but these are also about our views about
reality, man, truth and values. There are also economic, political and social
worldviews.

Worldviews and belief systems are necessary for religions in order to protect
and spread their own particular belief as a way of “keeping the faith” through
generations. Catholic Christians keep in their hearts the “Apostles’ Creed”, the
Muslims practice “the five pillars of Islam”, the Shinto reveres the dead ancestors or
“Kami”, the Confucians hold dearly the necessity of past traditions, and the Taoists
embrace the importance of being close to nature.(Cornejo et al, 2019). Your beliefs
shape your worldviews but your beliefs and worldviews are oftentimes shaped by
religion. There is a complex interplay between religion, belief and worldview.
Religions have different elements and characteristics which are non-negotiable.
Members should follow or undergo the process to become a genuine believers. The
elements of religions written by Maria Perpetua Arcilla-Serapio lay-down these
basic characteristics at least for the major religions. They are;
1. Belief in supernatural powers: the power which is beyond human powers. The
human sufferings enable human being to seek God’s help for their problems.
2. Belief in the holy or sacred: This is the heart of every religion. Every religion
has sacred books or texts. For example, Scriptures and the Bible are sacred for
the Jews and so with the Christians, Qur’an for Muslims, and Tripitaka for
Buddhists and Vedas for Hindus. But something sacred is not just books but
also places, symbols, animals, rocks and many more. Hindus for example
believes that cows are sacred because of their beliefs in reincarnation.
3. Systems of rituals: these are the different ways each religions expresses their
faith. Catholic Christians have the seven sacraments which include ceremonies
and rituals. For example, Baptism. A child must be baptized at an early age in
the church with the presence of parents, God parents, priest as celebrator and
the community that supports the child. The most important symbol of baptism is
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 –water. It symbolizes cleansing from sin. The child also has to wear white dress
to symbolize purity.
4. Sinful acts : usually a violation of the laws established by God which each
members has to follow. For example the Ten Commandments for Judaism and
Christians and the Five Pillars of Islam which when violated the believer
commits a grievous sin.
5. The Method of salvation: the belief in the afterlife or the idea of heaven
and hell. If you are a good believer you will go to heaven but if not, you will go to
hell. Islam went further by believing that if one’s life is sacrificed against the
enemies of Islam, their soul go straight to heaven.
6. Mode of worship: each religions has different expressions of worship which
include praying, kneeling, dancing, singing to name a few.
7. Liturgy and Ideology: Liturgy is described as public worship. It is a gathering of
believers with ceremonies such as wedding ceremonies, worship services or bible
studies.
8. Place of worship: Each religion has holy places which they believe God is
present such as churches, temples, mosques and other sacred places.

The elements or characteristics of religions mentioned above are necessary for a

particular religion to perpetuate their worldviews and belief systems.

ACTIVITIES
Activity 1.
Song Analysis
Objective: Analyze the nature of God presented in the Song.
Directions:
1. Listen or read the song “Who Am I.”
2. Prepare a separate paper for your answer.
3. Answer the questions below?

Who Am I ( I am Yours)
Casting Crowns
Who am I that the Lord of all the earth Still you hear me when I’m calling
Would care to know my name, Lord you catch me when I’m falling
Would care to feel my heart? And you told me who am I
I am yours.
Who am I, that the bright and morning star
Would choose to light the way Who am I, that the eyes that seen my sin
From my ever wondering heart? Will look on me with love
And watch me rise again?
Not because of who am I
But because of what you’ve done Who am I the voice that calm the sea
Not because of what I’ve done, but because Will call out to the rain
of who you are And calm the storm in me?

I am a flower quickly fading Whom shall I fear, whom shall I fear?

Here today and gone tomorrow I am yours
A wave tossed in the ocean
A vapor in the wind

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Critical Thinking Questions:
1. What does the song “Who am I?” say about who we are as a person?
2. What kind of God is presented in the song? Why?
3. How does faith in God provide answers to life’s questions? Give example
from your concrete experiences.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

SINO AKO! A STRANGER FROM OUTER SPACE

Directions: Think of what these factors (worldview, belief systems, religion, values)
would help you in your direction towards life. You can present their influences
through a semantic web as shown below; For example you can start by writing,
“Religion makes me a better person.”

"ME" AS A
HUMAN BEING

Critical Thinking Questions:

1. What did you discover after accomplishing the task?
2. What did you feel when you encountered these situations? Which
specific part of our discussion did you apply in your situation?
3. As a student, how does your own belief system help you to become
who you are at the moment?

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 REMEMBER

• Worldview – worldview is a set of beliefs used to understand the world. The

basic way of interpreting things and events that pervades a culture so
thoroughly that it becomes a culture’s concept of reality-what is good, what
is important, what is sacred, what is real.
• Belief system - are the stories we tell ourselves to define our personal sense
of ‘reality’ (the way things actually exist)
• Religion- Etymologically, the word came from ‘Religare’ - a Latin word which
means to bind fast or hold together, to secure, to bind,to fasten together, to
create a system of attitudes and beliefs.
• Naturalism- denies the existence of God. All that exist is the material
universe.
• Deism- believes that God or gods created the universe but God or gods no
longer actively involved in the continuous process of creation.
• Theism- It means that God or gods created the Universe and continued to
actively participate of the world’s activities and in human history.
• Panentheism- means that God or gods are the inner spiritual essence of
everything in the Universe.
• Monotheism- a belief in one God.
• Polytheism - a belief in many gods
• Sacred – something that possesses holiness.
• Religious Rituals – religious rites," which are the sacred, customary ways of
celebrating a religion or culture

POST TEST
Directions: Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer and write it on a
separate sheet of paper.

____1. A worldview is similar to_____________________________.

A. understanding about life C. belief system
B. opinion D. A & B
____ 2. Which statement is not a belief system?
A. I believe I can fly.
B. “An unexamined life is not worth living for.” (Socrates)
C. “Si Malakas at si Maganda” the Filipino version of Creation story.
D. The West Philippine sea belongs to Filipinos as affirmed by an as
arbitrary tribunal in Hague, Netherland.

9
_____3. Identify the statement that does NOT describe a spiritual person.
A. A person who sees God always in all things.
B. A person who always goes to church on Sundays.
C. A person who experiences “Bodhi ” or “Enlightenment.”
D. A person who feels the force of nature and become one with it.
_____4. Since time immemorial, belief to a divine being is practiced by people in
different cultural milieu and tradition. There are even those who worship
animals like the golden calf in in the Old Testament as their God. Other
culture even considers millions of small gods like the Hindus. How do you
call the people who believe in one God?
A. Polytheists C. Pantheists
B. Monotheists D. Atheists
_____5. As individuals we use different lenses in seeing things and realities around
us. Conflicts sometimes arise in defense of their point of view. Our
pluralistic society has also varied belief systems. What statement best
describes what a belief system is?
A. A particular way of ordering the realities of the world.
B. The religious preferences of a person or group
C. Anything that we do and think about all the time.
D. A speculative thinking and ritualistic habit of different people.
_____6. Etymologically it comes from a Latin word, “Religare” which means “ to
bind or to tie.”
A. Spirituality C. Culture
B. Religion D. Theology
_____7. According to Deepak Chopra, “Religion is a belief to someone else’s
experience. Spirituality is having your own experience.” It means?
A. Spirituality answers the question, “Where do I find meaning?” while for
religion the question is “Where do I belong?’
B. Spirituality focus is what is right or wrong, while religion talks about
sacraments and rituals.
C. Spirituality it is about the question of true or false while religion is about
obedience to the laws.
D. Spirituality asks what rites, sacraments, or rituals should we follow while
Religion ask what are our values?
_____8. From the given statements below, consider the most appropriate behavior
or attitude if one is a member of a religious group?
A. Argue that his/her God is the real one.
B. Criticize other Religious beliefs.
C. Respect the freedom of Religion.
D. Proselytize and convert other people to join your religion
_____9. identiy which statement does not distinguish between Religion and
Spirituality?

A. Religion makes us vow, Spirituality set us free.

B. Religion shows us fear, Spirituality shows us courage
C. Religion tells the truth, Spirituality allows us to discover the truth.
D. Religion is real Spirituality is metaphysical.

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_____10. It is defined as broader than religion. It goes beyond religious affiliation
that strives for inspiration, reverence, awe, meaning and purpose even to
those who do not believe in God.
A. Animism C. Spirituality
B. Theology D. Philosophy

Lesson
Religion, Spirituality &
2 Theology

EXPECTATIONS

You will distinguish the characteristics of religion, spirituality and

theology.
Specifically, this module will help you to:
• broaden your knowledge of the concepts presented above;
• appreciate the uniqueness of each concepts; and
• observe their effects in your relationships with yourself, others and God.

PRETEST

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer and write it on a separate sheet of
paper.
_____1. Science claims that God cannot be observed because God has no physical
attributes. However, religion is also claiming that God can be studied
through His manifestations and revelations. In fact St. Thomas Aquinas
suggested Five Ways in knowing God in his Summa Theologiae. What
specific discipline studies the nature of God and its manifestations?
A. Spirituality C. Theology
B. Philosophy of Religion D. Theocracy

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_____2. English words came from different origins like Latin, Spanish, French and
old English terms. The choices below are no exceptions. Etymologically it
came from a Latin word, “Religare” which means “to bind or tie.” Which of
the words below refers to “religare”?
A. Religion C. Culture
B. Spirituality D. Theology

_____3. It is defined as broader than religion. It goes beyond religious affiliation that
strives for inspiration, reverence, awe, meaning and purpose even to those
who do not believe in God. We can even attain this status even if we don’t
belong to a specific religion. What is this term called?
A. Spirituality C. Animism
B. Theology D. Philosophy

______4. While there are many people who believe in God, others who also do not
believe in God. This belief was highlighted during the scientific age when
the saying, “To see is to believe” was foremost in the minds of people. If
nothing can be seen or observed or experimented then it does not exist.
God cannot be observed therefore God does not exist. What do you call the
persons that do not believe in God.
A. Buddhists C. Atheists
B. Pantheists D. Monotheists

______5. One of the statements reflects the beliefs of the Filipinos before
Christianity was introduced?
A. Filipinos are polytheistic.
B. Filipinos are monotheistic?
C. Filipinos are animistic?
D. Filipinos are polytheistic, monotheistic and animistic?

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

Guess What!
To prove your understanding of the past lesson, you should be ready to accomplish
this task. You may do the following.
Directions:
1. Answer the questions below based on your own worldview (pananaw).
2. What kind of worldview or belief systems do you have in your mind?

Question Worldview/ Belief System

1. Does God exist?

2. Is the world created by God

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3. Is there such thing as life after
death?

4. Are there many gods or one God?

5. Is it necessary to pray?

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

Human beings since time immemorial continue to raise questions that have
been asked again and again such as Does God exists? Why are you here? Where
did you come from? Who created us? And where are we going? Our longing for
answers enable human beings to depend for a divine power or supernatural being
hopeful for some answers to the riddles of life. In the process, a person searching
for profound answers is the beginning of his encounter with the divine. Hence
religion was born.

Religion does not happen in a vacuum it develops in a certain space and time.
In this lesson we are going to explore the interconnectedness of geography and
culture as the grounds for the development of religion.

DISCUSSIONS
Religion and Spirituality
When you become a member of a religious organization, you normally
sacrificed your personal worldview in favor of the religious world view or set of
beliefs offered by that organization. Religion invites a person into a spiritual
relationship with some divine entity. This spiritual relationship stemmed from the
belief that there is a life after this world which is more important than
physical life. Hence it is the role of religion to invite all persons to believe in God
for them to be saved from this world.

Religion, etymologically is defined as coming from the Latin world, “religare” or

which means “to bind” or “ to tie. “However, Oxford English Dictionary points out
though that the etymology of the word is doubtful. Early writers like Cicero
connected the term with “relegere” which means “to read all over again.” (Cornejo et
al, 2019). Some persons even gave a negative definition of religion like Karl Marx,
the founder of Communism. He said the religion is the opium of the people. It
means we become so dependent with God that we rely everything to him and we
undermine our capabilities as human beings.

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 Popular view holds that you should become a member of a religious
organization to cultivate your spiritual life. Their views lead to the
misunderstanding between Religion and Spirituality. The question is: Is religion
the same as spirituality? Can you become a spiritual person without being a member
of a religious organization? What is the difference between being religious and being
spiritual?

Deepak Chopra has a very interesting differentiation between religion and

spirituality. He said, “Religion is a belief to someone else’s experience while
Spirituality is having your own experience.”

Let us take a look at this illustration below to emphasize their differences by

starting with questions. (taken from the book, “Fundamentals of World Religions”
authored by Cornejo,Nigel,Ebia, Erlito and Ferrer, Paciano, 2019.p16)

Religion
For religion the questions are:
What is true or false? What is right or
wrong? Where do I belong? What
rituals, sacraments should I do?
Spirituality
For spirituality the questions are:
Where do I find meaning? What is my
purpose? Where do I find my direction
in life? What are my values?

From the questions above you can deduce

that religion and spirituality have different
concerns. Spirituality is more of a personal
experience concerns with what are the
essentials in life while religion focuses more
on membership, rituals, right and wrong or
truth and falsity. Religion is more legalistic in
terms of practice of beliefs while spirituality
entails more freedom in exercising what they
believed.

For Dejan Davchevski, religion and spirituality

are two different phenomena
( lifecoachcode.com)

Religion Spirituality
Religion makes us vow Spirituality sets us free
Religion shows us fear Spirituality shows courage
Religion tells us the truth Spirituality allows us to discover the
truth
Religion separates from other religions Spirituality unites them
Religion makes us dependent Spirituality makes us independent
Religion applies discipline Spirituality applies destiny or faith
Religion makes us follow its journey Spirituality allows us to create our own
personal journey.

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 Going back to the question, “Can you become a spiritual person without
becoming a member of a religious organization? Definitely the answer is ,”Yes.” The
line between what is spiritual or religious may not be always clear or distinct
depending on the interpretation. (Serapio, 2016). At this point, I think you can now
describe the characteristics between religion and spirituality.

The descriptions above are not exclusive for each other. In fact, religion and
spirituality can blend harmoniously as Serapio expressed. The kernel of religion is
spirituality, and the essence of spirituality is God or the Supreme Being (Serapio,
2016). She added that Spirituality is:
1. Beyond all religions yet containing all religions.
2. Beyond all science yet containing all science.
3. Beyond all philosophy yet containing all philosophy

Religion and Theology

Most often theology and religion brought confusion in terms of meaning and
practise. Theology also believes about God just like religion but it utilizes more the
intellect to understand everything about God rather than faith alone. Theology is a
systematic study of God just like other disciplines such as philosophy, psychology,
sociology and other sciences. The priests, pastors, ministers or even lay people
must undergo theological trainings before they are ordained to become a priest or
pastor or minister. Theology is normally taken in the Seminaries or theological
schools as an academic subject. A priest who is a major in theology should
undertake a four-year course to get an AB Theology degree. Then he proceeds his
masters and doctoral degree in theology to become full pledge theologian. There is
a saying that most theologians lost their faith in God because they use only their
mind in knowing God more than faith.

Philosophical theology: Philosophy uses reason to explain the essence or the

ultimate reasons why things exist and where they come from. Philosophical
theology uses reason alone in knowing about God. A famous theologian in the
Catholic Church in the 13th century, St. Thomas Aquinas exemplify this approach.
His work is called the “Summa Theologiae” wherein one summa is devoted to the
“Five Ways of Knowing God.” Here the existence of God can be proven in five ways
using logical argumentation.

ACTIVITIES
Activity 1.1. Draw-out
Objective: Ponder on the difference between a religious person and a spiritual
person through a sketch.

Directions:
1. Sketch an image of a person who is “religious” but not spiritual” and a
person who is not religious but a “spiritual” person.
2. Use separate coupon bonds (short) in your illustration and then answer the
following guide questions below the illustration.

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Critical Thinking Questions:
1. How did you feel after accomplishing the task?
2. What important realization/s did you encounter while doing the task?
3. Why is it important to distinguish the characteristics of these two concepts?

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

RELIGIOUS UKAY-UKAY

How are you now? Are you ready to continue?. At this point let us focus on
your own religion. Regardless of what religion you belong, there are symbols,
rituals which convey meanings. Hence you will discover what are these symbols,
rituals and their meanings found in your religion.

Directions:
1. Depending on what is your religious affiliation, interview a priest, minister,
imam, rabbi, or guru about what is the most important symbols, rituals in their
respective religions or if they are not available any believer of the mentioned
religions.
2. Collate the religious ukay-ukay gathered.
3. Arrange the symbols and their meanings in a portfolio for submission.

Critical Thinking Questions:

1. Based from the activity, what is/are your realizations?
Note: (Your answer should be included in your portfolio.)

REMEMBER

• Religion- etymologically came from the Latin word ‘religare’ which means “to
bind” or “to tie” or some authors use the word ‘relegere’ meaning to read
again.
• Spirituality – tends to be more personal compared to religion which is more
organized and institutional.
• Theology- Is defined as the systematic study of the nature of the Divine and,
more broadly, of religious belief.
• Philosophical Theology – is the study of knowing God through the use of
logical reasoning.
• Sacred – something that possesses holiness. It could refer to things, places,
symbols or divine entity,

16
 • Religious Rituals – religious rites," which are the sacred, customary ways of
celebrating a religion or culture.
• Animism - is defined as the belief in numerous spiritual beings concerned
with human affairs and capable of helping or harming human interests

POST TEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer and write it in the space provided.

_____1. Science claims that God cannot be observed because it has no physical
attributes. However, religion is also claiming that God can be studied
through His manifestations and revelations. In fact St. Thomas Aquinas
suggested Five Ways in knowing God in his Summa Theologiae. What
specific discipline that studies the nature of God and its manifestations?
A. Spirituality C. Theology
B. Philosophy of Religion D. Theocracy
_____2. English words came from different origins like Latin, Spanish, French and
old English terms. The choices below are no exceptions. Etymologically it
came from a Latin word, “Religare” which means “to bind or tie.” Which of
the words below refers to “religare”?

A. Religion C. Culture
B. Spirituality D. Theology
_____3. It is define as broader than religion. It goes beyond religious affiliation that
strives for inspiration, reverence, awe, meaning and purpose even to those
who do not believe in God. We can even attain this status even if we don’t
belong to a specific religion. What is this term called?

A. Spirituality C. Animism
B. Theology D. Philosophy
______4. While there are many people who believe in God, there are others who also
do not believe in God. This belief was highlighted during the scientific age
when the dictum, “To see is to believe” was foremost in the minds of
people. If nothing can be seen or observed or experimented then it does
not exist. God cannot be observed therefore God does not exist. How do
you call the persons that do not believe in God.

A. Buddhists C. Atheists
B. Pantheists D. Monotheists
______5. One of the statements reflects the beliefs of the Filipinos before
Christianity was introduced?
A. Filipinos are polytheistic.
B. Filipinos are monotheistic?
C. Filipinos are animistic?
D. Filipinos are polytheistic, monotheistic and animistic?

17
______6. Jesus Christ and Buddha are spiritual persons. If they are considered
spiritual persons, then each one of us could also attain the same status in
some stages of our journey towards life. Identify what statement does NOT
describe a spiritual person below.
A. A person who sees God always in all things.
B. A person who always goes to church on Sundays
C. A person who experiences “Bodhi ” or “Enlightenment.”
D. A person who feels the force of nature and become one with it.
______7. Our relationship of the divine is always described as religious and
spiritual. However, being religious is not always spiritual and being
spiritual is not always religious. There are people who are religious but not
spiritual and vice versa. What phrase below best describes the
relationship between religion and spirituality?

I. Religion makes us vow, Spirituality set us free.

II. Religion shows us fear, Spirituality shows us courage
III. Religion tells the truth, spirituality allows us to discover
the truth.
IV. Religion is complex, Spirituality is paradoxical.

A. I C. I, II & III
B. I & II D. I, II, III & IV
______8. This is a Filipino pre-Spanish belief that was considered pagan by the
Spaniards. Normally when we pass by a big tree in the forest we must say ,
“tabi-tabi po,” as a sign of respect to other beings around. This is part of
our culture and it is defined as the belief in numerous spiritual beings
concerned with human affairs and capable of helping or harming human
interests. What is this belief?

A. Monism C. Theism
B. Animism D. Henotheism
______9. A common behavior of a member of any religious group is religious
protectionism which means that one’s religion is better than others.
Religious founders who even have no intention of founding a religion could
be puzzled by this attitude. What appropriate behavior should be
displayed if you are a member of a religious group?
A. Prove that your God is the real one.
B. Criticize other Religious beliefs and traditions.
C. Respect the freedom of Religious preferences.
D. Proselytize and convert other people to join your religion.
_____10. This term is often misunderstood as the same as believing in God. It is
defined as the systematic study of the nature of the Divine and, more
broadly, of religious belief. It is taught as an academic discipline, typically
in universities.
A. Philosophy C. Theology
B. Teleology D. Archaeology

18
 REFERENCES
Online Sources
https://www.etymonline.com/word/religion

(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_and_geography#cite_note-Kong2010-9)

Books:
McKinney, Laurence O. (1994). Neuroethology: Virtual Religion in the 21st Century
retrieved from https://www. Amazon.com>Nuerotheology-Virtual-2

Ramos, Christine Carmela R. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human

Person.Rex Bookstore.2016

Cornejo, Nigel L., et al. Fundamentals of World Religions. MaxCor Publishing House,
Inc., 2019

Serapio, Maria Perpetua Arcilla. Introduction to World Religions for Senior High
School. Mindshapers Co., Inc. 2016

Vega, Violeta A. et al. Social Dimensions of Education. Lorimar Publishing Inc.,

2009

Ramos, Christine Carmela, PhD. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human

Person. Rex Bookstore.2016

Newberg, Andrew (2010). Principles of Neurotheology. Retrieved from

www.npr.org>2010/12/15>neurotheology-where-religi...

Acknowledgements

Writers: Paciano B. Ferrer-MT II

Editors: Amalia C. Solis - EPS
Reviewers: Gener Irinco, Aldrin Alac, Paciano B. Ferrer
Management Team: Maria Magdalena M. Lim-Schools Division
Superintendent-Manila, Aida H. Rondilla-Chief Education Supervisor
Lucky S. Carpio-EPS and Lady Hannah C. Gillo, Librarian II-LRMS

19
 ANSWER KEY

Lesson 1
PRETEST POSTTEST
1.d 1.d
2.a 2.a
3.b 3.b
4.b 4.b
5.c 5.c
6.b
7.d
8.c
9.d
10. c

Lesson 2
PRETEST POSTTEST
1.C 1.C
2.A 2.A
3.A 3.A
4.C 4.C
5.C 5.C
6.B
7.C
8.B
9.C
10.C

20
 REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET
Name ____________________________________________ Grade and Section ___________
School: ______________________ Date: _____________ Subj. Teacher: _______________

Quarter: 1 Module No.: I Week No.: 1

MELC: *Differentiate the concept, elements and characteristics of belief
system and world view, religion.
Objectives: Strengthen your relationship with God by recognizing that belief
systems, worldview and religion are part of our being human.
Topic: Worldview, Belief Systems and Religion

Directions:

1. Reflect and write briefly your concept about “Religion” using the title below.

My Idea of Religion
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

21
 REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET
Name ____________________________________________ Grade and Section ___________
School: ______________________ Date: _____________ Subj. Teacher: _______________

Quarter: Module No.: I Week No.: 2

MELC: Differentiate the characteristics of religion, spirituality and
theology.
Objectives: Express respect in each beliefs about God whether personal or
institutional through journal entry.
Topic: Religion, Spirituality and Theology

Directions: Read and analyze each question. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. Loving and respecting all religions does not mean you have to agree in all the
beliefs and rituals. If you are going to choose a religion which you want to
join, what will you choose? Explain briefly?

2. In the midst of our experience of the Covi-19 pandemic, how can you
strengthen your relationship with God?

3. Karl Marx, the founder of Communism commented that “Religion is the

opium of the people. Which means we become very dependent to God in our
daily needs. Can you give at least 3 rebuttals why Karl Marx is wrong?

22