Design 3.00 M Slab Culvert

Construction of 4.
00mts span culvert at Illaparru drain at

Illaparru
Name of the work:-
Providing BT to the Road from Anaparthi to meet SR road at

Tossipudi (via) Koppavaram in Anaparthi (M), East Godavari
District
Design Philosophy
The design of 1V-- 4.0m right span culvert is carried as per the procedure out
lined below:-
Step1:-
The design discharge was fixed after arriving discharge based on the following methods:-
a. As per the hydraulic particulars furnished by the Irrigation department
b. By Area-Velocity method using Manning's equation for arriving at the flow velocity
and area by considering actual cross-section of the channel.
Step2:-
a. Hydraulic particulars like HFL, OFL are obtained from Irrigation department.
b. Bottom of deck level was fixed based on HFL and road formation levels on both sides.
The vertical clearence and afflux are verified.
c. Ventway calculations are done for fixation of ventway.
d. Normal scour depth with reference to HFL was calculated using Lacey's equations
e. After arriving at the Maximum scour depth,bottom level of the foundation was fixed
below the maximum scour depth
Step3:-
After arriving at bottom of deck level, bottom of foundation level and

required ventway, the dimensions of the bridge are finalised.
The structural components are desined in the following manner:-
a. As per the recommendations of IRC 6:2000, IRC class A live load required for bridges
and culverts of medium importance is selected.
b. Load combination is selected as per IRC 6:2000
c. Based on the trial pit particulars and soil test reports, type of foundation was selected.
d. The structural components like Abutment,raft foundation are designed as per the guide
lines given in relevent IRC codes.
e. The deck slab is proposed as per the MOST drawing Nos.BD 3-74&BD 4-74
f. The dirt wall is proposed as per the drawings given in Plate No.7.25 of IRC:SP20-
2002 (Rural roads manual).
Superintending Engineer Executive Engineer Dy. Exe. Engineer Asst. Exe.Engineer

PR, Kakinada PIU Dvn, Kakinada PIU Sub-Dvn, Kakinada PIU Sub-Dvn, Kakinada
Design of Abutments
Name of the WorK : Providing BT to the Road from Anaparthi to meet SR road at Tossipudi (via) Koppavaram in
Anaparthi (M), East Godavari District
1.0 Design Parameters
Clear Right Span = 4.00m

Deck slab length = 4.740m
Width of the carriage way = 7.50m
Thickness of deck slab as per MOST Dg.BD 1-74 = 0.320m
Thickness of wearing coat = 0.075m
Height of railing = 0.845m
Thickness of dirt wall = 0.30m
Sectional area of dirt wall = 0.300sqm
Thickness of RAFT footing = 0.50m
Height of abutments = 2.601m
(As per hydralic calculations)
Top width of abutments = 0.690m
Bottom width of abutments = 1.80m
Sectional area of abutment section = 3.238sqm
Bank side batter of abutment = 1.110m
Stream side batter of abutment = 0.000m
Width of 1st footing = 2.10m
Thickness of 1st footing = 0.30m
Canal side offset of 1st footing wrt abutment = 0.15m
Bank side offset of 1st footing wrt abutment = 0.15m
Width of 2nd footing = 2.25m
Thickness of 2nd footing = 0.30m
Canal side offset of 2nd footing wrt abutment = 0.30m
Bank side offset of 2nd footing wrt abutment = 0.15m
Width of 3rd footing = 0.00m
Thickness of 3rd footing = 0.00m
Canal side offset of 3rd footing wrt abutment = 0.00m
Bank side offset of 3rd footing wrt abutment = 0.00m
Width of VRCC RAFT footing = 9.05m
Thickness of VRCC RAFT footing = 0.60m
Type of bearings = No bearings proposed
Unit weight of RCC (yrc) = 25KN/cum
Unit weight of PCC (ypc) = 24KN/cum
Density of back fill soil behind abutments (y) = 18KN/Cum
Unit weight of water (yw) = 10KN/Cum
Angle of shearing resistance of back fill material(Q) = 30
Angle of face of wall supporting earth with horizontal(In = 66.92
Slope of back fill (b) = 0
Angle of wall friction (q) = 15
Height of surcharge considered (h3) = 0.80m
Road crest level (RTL) = 4.440m
Low bed level (LBL) = 6.410m
High flood Level (HFL) = #REF!
Bottom of foundation level (BFL) = #REF!
Safe Bearing Capacity of the soil (SBC) = 6.00t/sqm
Compressive strength of concrete for RCC Raft footing (fck) = 25.00N/sqmm
Yield strength of steel (fy) = 415.00N/sqmm
Cover to reinforcement = 50.00mm
II)General loading pattern:-

As per IRC:6---2000,the following loadings are to be considered on the bridge or slab
culvert:-
1.Dead load
2.Live load
3.Impact load
4.Wind load
5.Water current
6.Tractive,braking effort of vehicles&frictional resistance of bearings
7.Buoyancy
8.Earth pressure
9.Seismic force
10.Water pressure force
As per clause 202.3,the increase in permissible stresses is not permissible for the
above loading combination.
III)Loading on the slab culvert for design of abutments:-
1.Dead Load:-
i)Self wieght of the deck slab = 142.20KN
ii)Self wieght of dirtwall over abutment = 56.25KN
iii)Self weight of wearing coat = 33.33KN
231.78KN
There is no need to consider snow load as per the climatic conditions
Self wieght of the abutments upto bottom most footing based on the preliminary
section assumed:-
iv)Self wieght of the abutment section = 582.84KN
v)Self wieght of top footing = 113.40KN
vi)Self wieght of 2nd footing = 121.50KN
vii)Self wieght of 3rd footing = 0.00KN
viii)Self wieght of 4th footing = 0.00KN
817.74KN
W1 W1
ix)Calculation of eccentricity of self weight of abutment w.r.t base of abutment
S.No Description Load in KN Distance of centroid of load from toe Moment

of abutment
1 Back 259.8399 1.06 275.43

batter(W1)
2 Centre 323.0442 0.345 111.45

portion(W2)
3 Front 0 0 0
batter(W3)
582.8841 386.88
Location of resultant from toe of abutment = 0.66m
Eccentricity wrt centre of base of abutment = 0.240m
x)Calculation of eccentricity of self weight of abutment&1st footing w.r.t bottom of 1st footing

of 1st footing
1 Back batter 259.8399 1.21 0.15 314.41
2 Centre portion 323.0442 0.495 0.15 159.91
3 Front batter 0 0 0 0
4 1st footing 113.40KN 1.05 1.05 119.07
696.2841 593.39
Eccentricity wrt centre of 1st footing= 0.200m
xi)Calculation of eccentricity of self weight of abutment,1st&2nd footings w.r.t bottom of 2nd footing
of 2nd footing
1 Back batter 259.8399 1.36 353.38

2 Centre portion 323.0442 0.645 208.36
3 Front batter 0 0.3 0
4 1st footing 113.40KN 1.200 136.08
5 2nd footing 121.50KN 1.125 136.69
817.7841 834.51
Eccentricity = 0.105m
xii)Calculation of eccentricity of self weight of abutment,1st&2nd footings w.r.t bottom of 2nd footing

of 3rd footing
1 Back batter 0 1.36 0.715 0

2 Centre portion 0 0.645 0.345 0
3 Front batter 0 0.3 -0.6 0
4 1st footing 0 0.90 0.075 0
5 2nd footing 0 0.83 0.825 0
6 3rd footing 0 0.00 0
0 0
2.Live Load:-
As per clause 201.1 of IRC:6--2000,the bridges and culverts of medium importance

are to be designed for IRC Class A loading.
GENERAL IRC Class-A loading Pattern
1.10 3.20 1.20 4.30 3.00 3.00 3.00

6.8t
6.8t
6.8t
11.4t
6.8t
2.7t
2.7t
11.4t
1.80
1.80
2.7t
2.7
11.4t
11.4
6.8
6.8
6.
6.
The IRC Class A loading as per the drawing is severe and the same is to be considered as per
clauses 207.1.3&207.4
Y
475
11.4t
11.4t
Portion to be loaded
with 5KN/m² live
load
10000 11380
6.8t
6.8t
7500
5500
5
X
2925 5 3525
The ground contact area of wheels for the above placement,each axle wise is
given below:-
Axle load Ground Contact Area

(Tonnes) B(mm) W(mm)
11.4 250 500
6.8 200 380
0 0 0
Assuming 0.475m allowance for guide posts/kerbs and the clear distance of vehicle from
the edge of guide post being 0.15m as per clause 207.1,the value of 'f' shown in the figure will
be 0.625m
Hence,the width of area to be loaded with 5KN/m2 on left side is (f) = 0.625m
Similarly,the area to be loaded on right side (k) = 5.525m
6.15m
The total live load on the deck slab composes the following components:-
1.Wheel loads----Point loads 296.00KN
2.Live load in remaing portion(Left side)----UDL 14.81KN
2.Live load in remaing portion(Right side)----UDL 130.94KN
441.76KN
Resultant live load:-
Eccentricity of live load w.r.t y-direction(Along the direction of travel of vehicles)
Taking moments of all the forces w.r.t y-axis
S.No Wheel Distance from Y-axis Moment

Load/UDL in
KN
1 57 0.875m 49.88KNm
2 57 0.875m 49.88KNm
3 57 2.675m 152.48KNm
4 57 2.675m 152.48KNm
9 14.8125 0.313m 4.63KNm
10 130.9425 5.688m 744.74KNm
373.755 1154.06KNm
Distance of centroid of forces from y-axis
= 3.088m
Eccentricity of live load w.r.t x-direction(At right angle to the travel of vehicles)
Taking moments of all the forces w.r.t x-axis
S.No Load in KN Distance from X-axis Moment
1 57 4.005m 228.29KNm
2 57 4.005m 228.29KNm
3 57 2.805m 159.89KNm
4 57 2.805m 159.89KNm
9 14.81KN 2.190m 32.44KNm
10 130.94KN 2.190m 286.76KNm
373.755 1095.54KN
2.805
Distance of centroid of forces from x-axis
= 3.637m
Y
Location of Resultant
2631
10000 11380
5.262
7131
5500
X
Calculation of reactions on abutments:-
Reaction due to loads Ra = 234.78KN 234.900
Reaction due to point loads = Rb = 138.98KN
Hence,the critical reaction is Ra = 234.8KN
The corrected reaction at obtuse corner = 234.78KN
Assuming that the live load reaction acts at the centre of the contact area on the abutment,
300
185
300
815
815
740
The eccentricty of the line of action of live load at bottom of abutment = 0.715m
----do----on top of 1st footing = 0.715m
----do----on top of 2nd footing = 0.640m
The eccentricity in the other direction need not be considered due to high section modulus in transverse
direction.
3.Impact of vehicles:-
As per Clause 211 of IRC:6--2000,impact allowance shall be made by an increment
of live load by a factor 4.5/(6+L)
Hence,the factor is 0.419
Further as per clause 211.7 of IRC:6--2000,the above impact factor shall be only
50% for calculation of pressure on piers and abutments just below the level of bed block.There
is no need to increase the live load below 3m depth.
As such,the impact allowance for the top 3m of abutments will be 0.2095
For the remaining portion,impact need not be considered.
4.Wind load:-
The deck system is located at height of (RTL-LBL) -1.97m
The Wind pressure acting on deck system located at that height is considered for design.
As per clause 212.3 and from Table .4 of IRC:6---2000,the wind pressure at that
hieght is=
59.48 Kg/m2.
Height of the deck system = 1.595
Breadth of the deck system = 5.38
The effective area exposed to wind force =HeightxBreadth =
Hence,the wind force acting at centroid of the deck system = 2.54KN

(Taking 50% perforations)
Further as per clause 212.4 of IRC:6---2000 ,300 Kg/m wind force is considered to be
acting at a hieght of 1.5m from road surface on live load vehicle.
Hence,the wind force acting at 1.5m above the road surface = 22.50KN
The location of the wind force from the top of RCC raft footing = 5.40m
5.Water current force:-

Water pressure considered on square ended abutments as per clause 213.2 of
IRC:6---2000 is
P = 52KV2 = #REF! Kg/m2.
(where the value of 'K' is 1.5 for square ended abutments)
For the purpose of calculation of exposed area to water current force,only 1.0m
width of abutment is considered for full hieght upto HFL
Hence,the water current force = #REF!
Point of action of water current force from the top of RCC raft footing = #REF!
6.Tractive,braking effort of vehicles&frictional resistance of bearings:-
The breaking effect of vehicles shall be 20% of live load acting in longitudinal
direction at 1.2m above road surface as per the clause 214.2 of IRC:6--2000.
As no bearings are assumed in the present case,50% of the above longitudinal
force can be assumed to be transmitted to the supports of simply supported spans resting on
stiff foundation with no bearings as per clause 214.5.1.3 of IRC:6---2000
Hence,the longitudinal force due to braking,tractive or frictional resistance of
bearings transferred to abutments is
44.18KN
The location of the tractive force from the top of RCC raft footing = 5.10m
7.Buoyancy :-
As per clause 216.4 of IRC:6---2000,for abutments or piers of shallow depth,the

dead weight of the abutment shall be reduced by wieght of equal volume of water upto HFL.
The above reduction in self wieght will be considered assuming that the back fill
behind the abutment is scoured.
For the preliminary section assumed,the volume of abutment section is
i)Volume of abutment section = 24.29Cum
ii)Volume of top footing = 4.73Cum
iii)Volume of 2nd footing = 5.06Cum
iv)Volume of 3rd footing = 0.00Cum

v)Volume of 4th footing = 0.00Cum
34.07Cum
Reduction in self wieght = 340.73KN
8.Earth pressure :-
As per clause 217.1 of IRC:6---2000,the abutments are to be designed for a
surcharge equivalent to a back fill of hieght 1.20m behind the abutment.
The coefficient of active earth pressure exerted by the cohesion less back fill on
the abutment as per the Coulomb's theory is given by
'2
Ka = Sin(a+Q)
sina sin(a-q) sin(Q+q)sin(Q-b)
sin(a+b)
Sin(a+Q) = SIN[3.14*(62.46+30)/180] = 0.999

Sin(a-q) = SIN[3.14*(62.46-15)/180] = 0.737
Sina = SIN[3.14*(62.46)/180] = 0.886
Sin(Q+q) = SIN[3.14*(30+15)/180] = 0.707
Sin(Q-b) = SIN[3.14*(30-0)/180] = 0.5
Sin(a+b) = SIN[3.14*(62.46+0)/180] = 0.886
From the above expression,
Ka = 0.51
The hieght of abutment above GL,as per the preliminary section assumed = 2.601m
Hence,maximum pressure at the base of the wall Pa = 23.88KN/sqm
The pressure distribution along the height of the wall is as given below:-
Surcharge load = 7.34 KN/sqm
7.34
2.601
23.88 7.34
Area of the rectangular portion = 19.09

Area of the triangular portion = 31.06
50.15
Taking moments of the areas about the toe of the wall
S.No Description Area Lever arm Moment
1 Rectangular 19.09 1.3005 24.826545

2 Triangular 31.06 0.867 26.92902
50.15 51.755565
Height from the bottom of the wall = 1.03m
The active Earth pressure acts on the abutment as shown below:-
0.69
38.08
2.601m
1.03m
66.92
1.80
0.44
Total earth pressure acting on the abutment P = 376.10KN
Horizontal component of the earth pressure Ph = 296.13KN
Vertical component of the earth pressure Pv = 231.86KN
Eccentricity of vertical component of earth pressure = 0.46m
9.Siesmic force :-
As per clause 222.1 of IRC:6---2000,the bridges in siesmic zones I and II need not be
designed for siesmic forces.The location of the slab culvert is in Zone-I.Hence,there is no need to
design the bridge for siesmic forces.
10.Water pressure force:-
The water pressure distribution on the abutment is as given below:-
HFL #REF!
#REF!
BFL #REF!
#REF!
Total horizontal water pressure force = #REF!
The above pressure acts at height of H/3 = #REF!
IV)Check for stresses for abutments&footings:-
a)Load Envelope-I:-(The Canal is dry,back fill scoured with live load on span)
i)On top of RCC raft
The following co-ordinates are assumed:-
a)x-Direction-----At right angle to the movement of vehicles
b)y-Direction-----In the direction of movement of vehicles
Vertical forces acting on the abutment (P) composes of the following components
S.No Type of load Intensity in Eccentricty about x- Eccentricty about y-

KN axis(m) axis(m)
1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 231.78KN -0.640 0.00
2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 817.78KN 0.105 0.000
3 Reaction due to live load with impact factor---(Wheel 333.15KN -0.640 0.000
loads+UDL)
4 Impact load 0.00 0.00 0.00
1382.72
Horizontal forces acting/transferred on the abutment (H) composes of the following components
S.No Type of load Intensity in Direction x or y Location(Ht.from the

KN section considered).
(m)
1 Wind load 22.50KN x-Direction 5.40

2 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 44.18KN y-Direction 5.10
3 Water current force #REF! x-Direction #REF!
Check for stresses:-
About x-axis:-
Breadth of 2nd footing b = 8.15m
Depth of 2nd footing d = 2.25m
Area of the footing = A = 18.3375 m2
Section modulus of bottom footing (1/6)bd2 = 6.88 m3

about x-axis --Zx =
For M15 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 4N/mm2
i.e, 4000KN/sqm
For M15 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2N/mm2
i.e, -2000KN/sqm
S.No Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity/Lever Stress at heel

KN (P) arm P/A(1+6e/b)
Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)

3 Reaction due to live load with impact factor 333.15KN -0.640 9.61
4 Impact load 0.00KN 0.000 0
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
5 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 44.18KN 5.10 -32.76
31.57
S.No Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity Stress at toe

KN (P) P/A(1+6e/b)

1 Reaction due to dead load from super structure 231.78KN 0.640 18.6
2 Self wieght of abutment&footings 817.78KN -0.105 41.15
3 Reaction due to live load with impact factor 333.15KN 0.640 26.73
5 Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings 44.18KN 5.10 32.76
119.24
Stress at heel = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 31.57 KN/Sqm>-2000KN/sqm.
Hence safe.
Stress at toe = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = 119.24 KN/Sqm<4000KN/sqm
Hence safe.
About y-axis:-
Breadth of 3rd footing b = 2.25m
Depth of 3rd footing d = 8.15m

Section modulus of bottom footing about = (1/6)bd2 = 24.91 m3

y-axis--Zy =
i.e, 4000KN/sqm
i.e, -2000KN/sqm
S.No Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity/Lever Stress at upstream

KN (P) arm edge
P/A(1+6e/b)

5 Wind load 22.50KN 5.40 -4.88
6 Water current force #REF! #REF! #REF!
#REF!
S.No Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity/Lever Stress at D/S edge


5 Wind load 22.50KN 5.40 4.88
#REF!
Stress at up stream side P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = #REF! KN/Sqm>-2000KN/sqm.

edge =
Hence safe.
Stress at down stream side P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = #REF! KN/Sqm<4000KN/sqm

edge =
Hence safe.
i)On top of 2nd footing

Vertical load acting on the abutment (P) composes of the following components

KN axis(m) axis(m)
2 Self wieght of abutment&cut waters 696.28KN 0.200 0.000

4 Impact load 0.00 0.000 0.00
Horizontal load acting/transferred on the abutment (H) composes of the following components

(m)

About x-axis:-
Breadth of 1st footing b = 8.15m

Depth of 1st footing d = 2.10m
Section modulus of base of abutment (1/6)bd2 = 5.99 m3

about x-axis--Zx =
i.e, 4000KN/sqm
i.e, -2000KN/sqm


25.59

KN (P) P/A(1+6e/b)

118.65
Hence safe.
Hence safe.
About y-axis:-


about y-axis--Zy =
i.e, 4000KN/sqm
i.e, -2000KN/sqm

KN (P) arm edge
P/A(1+6e/b)

5 Wind load 22.50KN 5.10 -4.94
#REF!


5 Wind load 22.50KN 5.10 4.94
#REF!
Stress at up stream side

edge of abutment = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = #REF! KN/Sqm>-2000KN/sqm.
Hence safe.
Stress at down stream side
edge of abutment = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = #REF! KN/Sqm<4000KN/sqm
Hence safe.
i)On top of 1st footing


KN axis(m) axis(m)
4 Impact load 0.00 0.000 0.00

(m)

About x-axis:-
Breadth of abutment b = 8.15m

Depth of abutment d = 1.80m

about x-axis--Zx =
i.e, 4000KN/sqm
i.e, -2000KN/sqm


16.7

KN (P) P/A(1+6e/b)

136.66
Hence safe.
Hence safe.
About y-axis:-
Breadth of abutment b = 1.80m

Depth of abutment d = 8.15m

about y-axis--Zy =
i.e, 4000KN/sqm
i.e, -2000KN/sqm

KN (P) arm edge
P/A(1+6e/b)

5 Wind load 22.50KN 4.80 -5.42
#REF!


5 Wind load 22.50KN 4.80 5.42
#REF!

Hence safe.
Hence safe.
b)Load Envelope-II:-(The Canal is full,back fill intact with no live load on span)
i)On top of RCC Raft footing

KN axis(m) axis(m)
Self wieght of abutment&cut waters 817.78KN
Reduction in self weight due to buoyancy -340.73KN
2 Net self weight 477.06KN 0.105 0.000
3 Vertical component of earth pressure 231.86KN 0.460 0.000

(m)

4 Horizontal load due to earth pressure 296.13KN y-Direction 1.63
5 Water pressure force #REF! y-Direction #REF!
About x-axis:-
Breadth of bottom footing b = 8.15m

Depth of bottom footing d = 2.55m

about x-axis --Zx =
i.e, 4000KN/sqm
i.e, -2000KN/sqm


2 Net self wieght of abutment&footings 477.06KN 0.11 24.73
3 Vertical component of Earth pressure 231.86KN 0.46 14.93
4 Horizontal load due to earth pressure 296.13KN 1.63 -54.72
5 Water pressure force #REF! #REF! #REF!
#REF!

KN (P) P/A(1+6e/b)
2 Net self wieght of abutment&footings 477.06KN -0.11 21.18
3 Vertical component of Earth pressure 231.86KN -0.46 7.38
4 Horizontal load due to earth pressure 296.13KN 1.63 54.72
#REF!
Stress at heel = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = #REF! KN/Sqm>-2000KN/sqm.
Hence safe.
Stress at toe = P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z = #REF! KN/Sqm<4000KN/sqm
Hence safe.
About y-axis:-
Breadth of bottom footing b = 2.55m

Depth of bottom footing d = 8.15m

about y-axis --Zy =
i.e, 4000KN/sqm
i.e, -2000KN/sqm
S.No Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity/Lever Stress at U/S Edge


4 Wind load 22.50KN 5.40 -4.3
#REF!
S.No Type of load Intensity in Eccentricity Stress at D/S edge

KN (P) P/A(1+6e/b)

#REF!

Hence safe.
Hence safe.
ii)On top of 2nd footing

KN axis(m) axis(m)
Self wieght of abutment&footings 817.78KN


(m)
About x-axis:-
Breadth of 2nd footing b = 8.15m

Depth of 2nd footing d = 2.40m

about x-axis --Zx =
i.e, 4000KN/sqm
i.e, -2000KN/sqm


#REF!

KN (P) P/A(1+6e/b)

#REF!
Hence safe.
Hence safe.
About y-axis:-


about y-axis --Zy =
i.e, 4000KN/sqm
i.e, -2000KN/sqm


4 Wind load 22.50KN 5.10 -4.32
#REF!

KN (P) P/A(1+6e/b)

#REF!

Hence safe.
Hence safe.
iii)On top of 1st footing

KN axis(m) axis(m)
Self wieght of abutment&cut waters 696.28KN

(m)

About x-axis:-


about x-axis --Zx =
i.e, 4000KN/sqm
i.e, -2000KN/sqm


#REF!

KN (P) P/A(1+6e/b)
#REF!
Hence safe.
Hence safe.
About y-axis:-


about y-axis --Zy =
i.e, 4000KN/sqm
i.e, -2000KN/sqm


4 Wind load 22.50KN 4.80 -4.65
#REF!

KN (P) P/A(1+6e/b)

#REF!

Hence safe.
Hence safe.
V)Check for stability of abutments:-
a)Load Envelope-III:-(The Canal is dry,back fill intact with live load on span)

KN axis(m) axis(m)
2 Self wieght of abutments 582.84KN 0.240 0.000
4 Vertical component of Active Earth pressure 231.86KN 0.460 0.00
1379.64KN

(m)
3 Horizontal Active Earth pressure force 296.13KN y-Direction 1.03
362.80KN
Check for stability against over turning:-
Taking moments of all the overturning forces about toe of the abutment wrt x-axis,
Moment due to tractive,braking&frictional resistance of bearings = 212.04Kn-m

Moment due to active earth pressure force = 305.61Kn-m
Total overturning moment = 517.65Kn-m
Taking moments of all the restoring forces about toe of the abutment wrt x-axis,,
Moment due to self weight of abutment = 664.44Kn-m
Moment due to live load reaction on abutment = 538.04Kn-m
Moment due to super structure load reaction on abutment = 374.32Kn-m
Moment due to vertical component of active earth pressure = 315.34Kn-m
Total Restoring moment = 1892.14Kn-m
Factor of safety = 3.65521724 > 2.0 Hence safe

(As per clause 706.3.4 of IRC:78-2000)
Check for stability against sliding:-
Total vertical load acting on the base of the abutment Vb = 1379.64KN
Total sliding force,ie,horizontal load on the abutment Hb = 362.80KN
Coefficient of friction between concrete surfaces = 0.80
Factor of safety against sliding Fs = 3.04219083 > 1.5 Hence safe

b)Load Envelope-IV:-(The Canal is running upto HFL with no live load on span)

KN axis(m) axis(m)
Self wieght of abutments 582.84KN

2 Net self wieght 339.94KN 0.240 0.000
3 Vertical component of Active Earth pressure 231.86 0.460 0.00

(m)
3 Active Earth pressure force 296.13KN y-Direction 1.03

4 Force due to water pressure #REF! y-Direction #REF!
Check for stability against over turning:-
Taking moments of all the overturning forces about toe of the abutment wrt x-axis,
Moment due to tractive,braking&frictional resistance of bearings = 0.00Kn-m
Moment due to active earth pressure force = 305.61Kn-m
Total overturning moment = 305.61Kn-m
Taking moments of all the restoring forces about toe of the abutment wrt x-axis,
Moment due to self weight of abutment = 387.53Kn-m
Moment due to water pressure force on the abutment = #REF!
Moment due to super structure load reaction on abutment = 374.32Kn-m
Moment due to vertical component of active earth pressure = 315.34Kn-m
Total Restoring moment = #REF!
Factor of safety = #REF! > 2.0 Hence safe

Check for stability against sliding:-
Total vertical load acting on the base of the abutment Vb = #REF!
Total sliding force,ie,horizontal load on the abutment Hb = 296.13KN
Coefficient of friction between concrete surfaces = 0.80

Factor of safety against sliding Fs = #REF! > 1.5 Hence safe
Assistant Executive Engineer, Deputy Executive Engineer, Executive Engineer, Executive Engineer,
PR (PIU), Palakol PR (PIU), Palakol PIU Dvn, Eluru PIU Circle, Eluru
DESIGN OF RAFT FOR THE SLAB CULVERT
Name of the work:-Slab culvert on Kotalaparru Drain at Kamadhenulanka village
Abutment
Abutment
Length of the Raft:- = 8.20m
Width of the Raft:- = 9.05m
Total load on the Raft:-
Dead Load:-
Wt.of Deck slab = 284.40Kn
Wt.of wearing coat = 66.66Kn
Wt.of bed blocks over abutments = 112.50Kn
Wt.of abutments
Footing-I = 226.80Kn
Footing-II = 243.00Kn
Wt.of abutments = 1165.68Kn
Total 2099.04Kn
Dead load stress = 28.29Kn/Sqm
Live Load:-
Taking IRC Class-A loading
Wheel width in the direction of movement =0.2+0.2+0.25/2 = 0.625m
11.4 11.4 6.8 6.8

1.2 4.3 3.275
0.625
8.20m
Centre of gravity of loading from 1st 11.4t load =

= 4.33m
Centre of gravity from the end of raft = 4.955m
Stress due to live load = 1xP(1+6e/b)

(Taking single lanes) A
Max.stress = 8.94Kn/Sqm
Min.stress = 2.08Kn/Sqm
Total stress due to dead load and live load
Max.Stress = 37.23Kn/Sqm
Min.Stress = 30.37Kn/Sqm
Assuming the depth of raft as 75cm
Stress due to self weight of raft = 15.00Kn/Sqm
Stress due to wieght of base concrete = 7.20Kn/Sqm
Hence,the Max.stress on the soil = 59.43Kn/Sqm
Which is less than 6t/sqm(Soil testing report)
Hence safe.
Net Max.upward pressure acting on Raft = 37.23Kn/Sqm
Net Min.upward pressure acting on Raft = 30.37Kn/Sqm
The design stress = 33.80Kn/Sqm
Hence,the UDL on the raft = 33.80Kn/m
Design of Raft:-
The raft will be analysed as a continuous beam of 1m width with the loading
as shown below:-
1.200 4.80 1.200
UDL of 33.80Kn/m
After analysis the bending moment diagram is as given below:
91.7
78.6
Max.Negative bending moment Mu = 91.70KNm
Max.Positive bending moment Mu = 78.60KNm
Effective depth required d = Mu/0.138fckb = 163.03mm
Over all depth provided = 400.00mm
Effective depth provided(Assuming 50mm cover) d = 337.50mm
Top steel:-
Mu/bd2 = 0.805
From table 3 of SP 16,percentage of steel required = 0.2181
Area of steel required = 736.09sqmm
Bottom steel:-
Mu/bd2 = 0.69
From table 3 of SP 16,percentage of steel required/Minimum steel = 0.2181
Hence provide 12mm dia HYSD bars@ 150mm c/c spacing at bottom
and top
Hence Ast provided at top = 2512.00sqmm
Hence Ast provided at bottom = 1130.40sqmm
Provide distribution reinforcement of 0.12% both at top and bottom
Area = 480.00sqmm
Adopting 10mm dia bars,the spacing required is = 235.50mm
Hence provide 10mm dia bars @ 150mm c/c spacing at top& bottom
DESIGN OF FLY WINGS
Data:-
Height of Fly wing wall = 3.201m

Height of wall above G.L= 3.201m
Height of wall below G.L= 0.00m
Density of back fill soil&material in toe portion = 1800Kg/Cum
Grade of concrete = M25
Grade of steel = Fe415
Ground water Table level =
Angle of shearing resistance of back fill material&material at toe portion(Q) = 30
Angle of face of wall supporting earth with horizontal(a)(In degrees) 90
(in clock wise direction)
Slope of back fill(b) = 0
Angle of wall friction (q) = 15
Surcharge over the back fill in terms of height of back fill = 0.60m
Undrained Cohesion ( c) =
Permissible compressive stress in bending for M20 Concrete (c)= 25N/sqmm
Permissible tensile stress in bending for Fe 415 steel (t)= 415N/sqmm
Length of the wing wall proposed = 2.50m
Dimensions of the Fly wing(Assumed for preliminary design):-
Thickness of wing at support = 0.50m

Thickness of wing at end = 0.20m
Coefficient of active earth pressure by Coulomb's theory

2
Ka = Sin(a+Q)
sina sin(a-q) sin(Q+q)sin(Q-b)
sin(a+b)
From the above expression,
Ka = 0.3
Hence,maximum pressure at the bottom of the wall Pa = 1728.54Kg/sqm
The pressure distribution along the height of the wall is as given below:-
Pressure due to
Surcharge load = 324
324
3.201m
1728.54
Total Active earth pressure force = 3803.65
Height from the bottom of the wall = 1.21m
The active earth pressure acts on the wall as shown below:-
0.50
15
1.21m
3.201
90
0.50
Horizontal component of the earth pressure Ph = 3674.17Kg/m
Vertical component of the earth pressure Pv = 983.97Kg/m
Design of wall :-
Factored bending moment Mu = 17222.69Kgm
Effective depth required d = Mu/0.138fckb = 223.43mm
Over all depth provided = 500.00mm
Effective depth provided(Assuming 40mm cover) d = 452.00mm
Mu/bd2 = 0.345
From table 2 of SP 16,percentage of steel required = 0.346
Hence provide 16mm dia HYSD bars@ 125mm c/c spacing
Hence Ast provided = 1607.68sqmm
Check for shear:-
Percentage of tension steel = 0.36
Maximum shear force on the member = 91.85KN
Factored Design shear force = 137.78KN

Nominal shear stress tv =Vu/bd = 0.30 N/sqmm <2.8 N/sqmm(As per
Table
20 of 1S 456)
Hence section is safe from shear strength point of view
The design shear strength of concrete for the above steel percentage from
Table 19 of IS 456 is
0.42 N/sqmm > 0.42
Hence,no shear reinforcement is required.
Provide temperature re inforcement @ 0.12%
Area required = 420.00sqmm
Provide 10mm dia @ 150mm c/c on earthen side
Provide 10mm dia @ 150mm c/c on other side in both directions
The reinforcement detailing is shown in the drawing
Check for serviceability:-
For cantilever walls,the span to effective depth ratio is 7
From Fig.4 of IS:456-2000, fs = 0.58fy x Area of cross-section of steel required

Area of cross-section of steel provided
The stress level is 234.15N/sqmm
For percentage of tension steel provided is 0.36
The modification factor for ratio of span to effective depth is 1.5
Hence,the ratio is 10.5
The effective depth required = 0.24 <0.452 (Actually provided)
Design of Abutments
Name of the WorProviding BT to the Road from Anaparthi to meet SR road at Tossipudi (via)
Koppavaram in Anaparthi (M), East Godavari District.
1.0 Design Parameters
Clear Span = 4.000 m
Deck slab length = 4.750 m
Width of the carriage way = 7.500 m
Thickness of deck slab as per MOST Dg.BD 1-74 = 0.320 m
Thickness of wearing coat = 0.075 m
Height of railing = 0.845 m
Thickness of dirt wall = 0.300 m
Sectional area of dirt wall = 0.303 m2
Thickness of RAFT footing = 0.500 m
Height of abutments (As per hydralic calculations) = 2.601 m
Top width of abutments = 0.690 m
Bottom width of abutments = 1.800 m
Sectional area of abutment section = 3.238 m2
Bank side batter of abutment = 1.110 m
Stream side batter of abutment = 0.000 m
Width of 1st footing = 2.100 m
Thickness of 1st footing = 0.300 m
Canal side offset of 1st footing wrt abutment = 0.150 m
Bank side offset of 1st footing wrt abutment = 0.150 m
Width of 2nd footing = 2.250 m
Thickness of 2nd footing = 0.300 m
Canal side offset of 2nd footing wrt abutment = 0.300 m
Bank side offset of 2nd footing wrt abutment = 0.150 m
Width of 3rd footing = 0.000
Thickness of 3rd footing = 0.000

Canal side offset of 3rd footing wrt abutment = 0.000
Bank side offset of 3rd footing wrt abutment = 0.000
Width of VRCC RAFT footing = 9.050 m
Thickness of VRCC RAFT footing = 0.600
Type of bearings = No bearings proposed
Unit weight of RCC (yrc) = 25.000 kN/m3
Unit weight of PCC (ypc) = 24.000 kN/m3
Density of back fill soil behind abutments (y) = 18.000 kN/m3
Unit weight of water (yw) = 10.000 kN/m3
Angle of shearing resistance of back fill material(Q) = 30.000
Angle of face of wall supporting earth with horizontal(In degrees)(in clock wise direction) (a)
= 66.89 oC
Slope of back fill (b) = = 0.000 oC
Angle of wall friction (q) = 15.000 oC
Height of surcharge considered (h3) = 0.800 m
Road crest level (RTL) = 7.691 m
Low bed level (LBL) = 4.440 m
High flood Level (HFL) = 6.141 m
Bottom of foundation level (BFL) = 2.696 m
Safe Bearing Capacity of the soil (SBC) = 60.000 T/m3
Compressive strength of concrete for RCC Raft footing (fck) = 25.000 N/mm2
Yield strength of steel (fy) Fe = 415 N/mm2
Cover to reinforcement = 50.000 mm
2.0 Loading on the slab culvert for design of abutments:-

As per IRC:6---2000, the following loadings are to be considered on the bridge or slab culvert
1. Dead load
2. Live load
3. Impact load
4. Wind load
5. Water current
6. Tractive, braking effort of vehicles & frictional resistance of bearings
7. Buoyancy
8. Earth pressure
9. Seismic force
10. Water pressure force
As per clause 202.3, the increase in permissible stresses is not permissible for the above loading
combination.
2.1 Dead Loads
Self wieght of deck slab = 4.75 x 7.5 x 0.32 x 25 / = 142.500 kN
Self wieght of dirtwall over abutment = 0.303 x 7.5 x 25 = 56.813 kN
Self wieght of wearing coat = 4.75 x 7.5 x 0.075 x 25 / = 33.398 kN
Dead load of deck slab = 232.711 kN
Self wieght of abutment section = 7.5 x 3.238 x 25 = 607.125 kN
Self wieght of 1st footing section = 7.5 x 2.1 x 0.3 x 25 = 118.125 kN
Self wieght of 2nd footing section = 7.5 x 2.25 x 0.3 x 25 = 126.563 kN
Self wieght of 3rd footing section = 7.5 x 0 x 0 x 25 = 0.000 kN
Total dead load on abutment = 1084.524 kN
W1 W1
a. Calculation of eccentricity of self weight of abutment w.r.t base of abutment

Sl. Distance of centroid of load Moment in
Description Load in KN
No from toe of abutment kNm
1 Back batter (W1) 1/2 x 7.5 x 2.601 x 1.11 x 25 0.69 + 0 + (1.11/3) 270.667 x 1.06
= 270.667 = 1.060 m = 286.907
2 Centre portion (W2)7.5 x 0.69 x 2.601 x 25 0 + (0.69/2) 336.504 x 0.345
= 336.504 = 0.345 m = 116.0939
3 Front batter (W3) 1/2 x 7.5 x 1.8 x 0 x 25 (0 x 2/3) 0x0
= 0.000 = 0.000 m = 0
Total 607.171 403.001
Location of resultant from toe of abutment = 403.0009 / 607.171

= 0.664 m
Eccentricity wrt centre of base of abutment = 1.8/2 - 0.664

= 0.236 m
b. Calculation of eccentricity of self weight of abutment&1st footing w.r.t bottom of 1st footing
1 Back batter (W1) 1/2 x 7.5 x 2.601 x 1.11 x 25 0.69+0+(1.11/3)+0.15 270.667 x 1.21
= 270.667 = 1.210 m = 327.5071
2 Centre portion (W2)7.5 x 0.69 x 2.601 x 25 0 + (0.69/2)+ 0.15 336.504 x 0.495
= 336.504 = 0.495 m = 166.5695
3 Front batter (W3) 1/2 x 7.5 x 1.8 x 0 x 25 (0 x 2/3)+ 0.15 0 x 0.15
= 0 = 0.150 m = 0
4 1st Footing 7.5 x 2.1 x 0.3 x 25 (2.1 /2) 118.125 x 1.05
= 118.125 = 1.050 m = 124.0313
Total 725.296 618.108

= 0.852 m

= 0.198 m
c. Calculation of eccentricity of self weight of abutment&1st footing w.r.t bottom of 2nd footing
1 Back batter (W1) 1/2 x 7.5 x 2.601 x 1.11 x 25 0.69+0+(1.11/3)+0.3 270.667 x 1.36
= 270.667 = 1.360 m = 368.1071
2 Centre portion (W2)7.5 x 0.69 x 2.601 x 25 0 + (0.69/2)+ 0.3 336.504 x 0.645
= 336.504 = 0.645 m = 217.0451
3 Front batter (W3) 1/2 x 7.5 x 1.8 x 0 x 25 (0 x 2/3)+ 0.3 0 x 0.3
= 0 = 0.300 m = 0
4 1st Footing 7.5 x 2.1 x 0.3 x 25 (2.1 /2)+(0.3-0.15) 118.125 x 1.2
= 118.125 = 1.200 m = 141.75
5 2nd Footing 7.5 x 2.25 x 0.3 x 25 (2.25 /2) 126.563 x 1.125
= 126.563 = 1.125 m = 142.3834
Total 851.859 869.286

= 1.020 m

= 0.105 m
2.2 Live Loads

As per clause 201.1 of IRC:6--2000, the bridges and culverts of medium importance are to be designed for
IRC Class A loading.
GENERAL IRC Class-A loading Pattern
1.10 3.20 1.20 4.30 3.00 3.00 3.00

6.8t
6.8t
6.8t
11.4t
6.8t
2.7t
11.4t
2.7t
1.80
The IRC Class A loading as per the drawing is severe and the same is to be considered as per clauses
207.1.3 & 207.4.
Y
475
11.4t
11.4t
Portion to be loaded
with 5KN/m² live
load
10000 11380
6.8t
6.8t
5500
X
2925 3525
The ground contact area of wheels for the above placement, each axle wise is given below:-
Ground Contact
Axle load (Tonnes) Area
B(mm) W(mm)
11.40 250 500

6.80 200 380
2.70 150 200
Assuming 0.475m allowance for guide posts/kerbs and the clear distance of vehicle from the edge of guide
post being 0.15m as per clause 207.1, the value of 'f' shown in the figure will be 0.625m.
Hence, the width of area to be loaded with 5KN/m2 on left side is (f) = 0.625
Similarly, the area to be loaded on right side (k) = 3.525
4.150 m
The total live load on the deck slab composes the following components:-
1. Wheel loads----Point loads = 296.000 kN
2. Live load in remaing portion(Left side)----UDL = 14.844 kN

kN
2. Live load in remaing portion(Right side)----UDL = 83.719 kN
394.563 m
Resultant live load:-
Eccentricity of live load w.r.t y-direction (Along the direction of travel of vehicles)
Taking moments of all the forces w.r.t y-axis
Sl.
Wheel Load/UDL in KN Distance from Y-axis Moment in kNm
No
1 11.4 x 10/2 0.625 + 0.25 = 57 x 0.875

= 57.00 = 0.875 m = 49.875
2 11.4 x 10/2 0.625 + 0.25 = 57 x 0.875
= 57.00 = 0.875 m = 49.875
3 11.4 x 10/2 0.875 + 1.80 = 57 x 2.675
= 57.00 2.675 m 152.475
4 11.4 x 10/2 0.875 + 1.80 = 57 x 2.675
= 57.00 = 2.675 m 152.475
5 2.7 x 10/2 0.625 + 0.25 = 13.5 x 0.875
= 13.50 = 0.875 m 11.813
6 2.7 x 10/2 0.875 + 1.80 = 13.5 x 2.675
= 13.50 = 2.675 m 36.113
7 0.625 x 5.00 x 4.75 0.625/2 14.844 x 0.313
= 14.844 = 0.313 m 4.646
8 3.525 x 5.00 x 4.75 2.925 + 3.525/2 83.719 x 4.6875
= 83.719 = 4.688 m 392.433
Total 353.563 849.705
Distance of centroid of forces from y-axis = 849.705 / 353.563

= 2.403 m

= 0.822 m
Eccentricity of live load w.r.t x-direction(At right angle to the travel of vehicles)
Taking moments of all the forces w.r.t x-axis
Sl.
Wheel Load/UDL in KN Distance from Y-axis Moment in kNm
No
1 11.4 x 10/2 57 x 4.005

= 57.00 = 4.005 m = 228.285
2 11.4 x 10/2 57 x 4.005
= 57.00 = 4.005 m = 228.285
3 11.4 x 10/2 4.005 - 1.20 = 57 x 2.805
= 57.00 2.805 m 159.885
4 11.4 x 10/2 4.005 - 1.20 = 57 x 2.805
= 57.00 = 2.805 m 159.885
5 0.625 x 5.00 x 4.75 14.844 x 2.19
= 14.84 = 2.190 m 32.508
6 3.525 x 5.00 x 4.75 83.719 x 2.19
= 83.72 = 2.190 m 183.345
Total 326.563 992.193
Distance of centroid of forces from x-axis = 992.193 / 326.563

= 3.038 m

= 1.652 m
2.3 Calculation of reactions on abutments:-
Reaction due to loads Ra = 198.233 kN
Reaction due to point loads Rb = 128.330 kN
Hence, the critical reaction is Ra = 198.233 kN
Assuming that the live load reaction acts at the centre of the contact area on the abutment,
300 185
300
ia)
oment in
kNm
667 x 1.06
286.907
504 x 0.345
116.0939
403.001
oment in
kNm
667 x 1.21
327.5071
504 x 0.495
166.5695
0
125 x 1.05
124.0313
618.108
oment in
kNm
667 x 1.36
368.1071
504 x 0.645
217.0451
0
125 x 1.2
141.75
563 x 1.125
142.3834
869.286
signed for
uses
e of guide

Design 3.00 M Slab Culvert

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Design 3.00 M Slab Culvert

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Construction of 4.

00mts span culvert at Illaparru drain at

Name of the work:-

Providing BT to the Road from Anaparthi to meet SR road at

a. As per the hydraulic particulars furnished by the Irrigation department

c. Ventway calculations are done for fixation of ventway.

After arriving at bottom of deck level, bottom of foundation level and

The structural components are desined in the following manner:-

b. Load combination is selected as per IRC 6:2000

Superintending Engineer Executive Engineer Dy. Exe. Engineer Asst. Exe.Engineer

1.0 Design Parameters

Clear Right Span = 4.00m

II)General loading pattern:-

III)Loading on the slab culvert for design of abutments:-

i)Self wieght of the deck slab = 142.20KN

ii)Self wieght of dirtwall over abutment = 56.25KN

iii)Self weight of wearing coat = 33.33KN

There is no need to consider snow load as per the climatic conditions

iv)Self wieght of the abutment section = 582.84KN

v)Self wieght of top footing = 113.40KN

vi)Self wieght of 2nd footing = 121.50KN

vii)Self wieght of 3rd footing = 0.00KN

viii)Self wieght of 4th footing = 0.00KN

ix)Calculation of eccentricity of self weight of abutment w.r.t base of abutment

S.No Description Load in KN Distance of centroid of load from toe Moment

1 Back 259.8399 1.06 275.43

2 Centre 323.0442 0.345 111.45

Location of resultant from toe of abutment = 0.66m

Eccentricity wrt centre of base of abutment = 0.240m

S.No Description Load in KN Distance of centroid of load from toe Moment

1 Back batter 259.8399 1.21 0.15 314.41

2 Centre portion 323.0442 0.495 0.15 159.91

Location of resultant from toe of abutment = 0.85m

Eccentricity wrt centre of 1st footing= 0.200m

1 Back batter 259.8399 1.36 353.38

Location of resultant from toe of abutment = 1.02m

S.No Description Load in KN Distance of centroid of load from toe Moment

1 Back batter 0 1.36 0.715 0

Location of resultant from toe of abutment = 0.00m

As per clause 201.1 of IRC:6--2000,the bridges and culverts of medium importance

GENERAL IRC Class-A loading Pattern

1.10 3.20 1.20 4.30 3.00 3.00 3.00

Axle load Ground Contact Area

1.Wheel loads----Point loads 296.00KN

2.Live load in remaing portion(Left side)----UDL 14.81KN

2.Live load in remaing portion(Right side)----UDL 130.94KN

Resultant live load:-

Eccentricity of live load w.r.t y-direction(Along the direction of travel of vehicles)

Taking moments of all the forces w.r.t y-axis

S.No Wheel Distance from Y-axis Moment

Distance of centroid of forces from y-axis

S.No Load in KN Distance from X-axis Moment

Reaction due to loads Ra = 234.78KN 234.900

Reaction due to point loads = Rb = 138.98KN

Hence,the critical reaction is Ra = 234.8KN

The corrected reaction at obtuse corner = 234.78KN

----do----on top of 1st footing = 0.715m

----do----on top of 2nd footing = 0.640m

As per Clause 211 of IRC:6--2000,impact allowance shall be made by an increment

of live load by a factor 4.5/(6+L)

Hence,the factor is 0.419

As such,the impact allowance for the top 3m of abutments will be 0.2095