Reading Ability of the Grade 11 Students in Dumingag

Technological Training School

________________

A research Paper
Presented to
The Committee of Oral Examiners
DUMINGAG TECHNOLOGICAL TRAINING SCHOOL
Dumingag, Zamboanga Del Sur

________________

In Partial fullfilment
Of the requirements for the subject
Practical Research 2

By
Bitacura Kate Angel D.
Delos Pobres, Giann T.
Duma-og, Jenny E.
Entrina, Kaycee R.
Espartero, Krissamie B.
Espiritu, Marinella D.
Nibla, Roselle O.

March 2019
 Chapter 1
Introduction
This chapter presents the background of the study,
thoeritical/conceptual framework of the study, statement of the
problem, hypothesis, importance of the study, scope and
delimitation of the study, definitions of terms and other
variables.
Background of the study
Reading is one of the important skills in English and it
gives many benefits on us. Reading is the window of the world. By
reading, people can get more knowledge and information from
books, magazines, newspapers and others. Reading is the most
important component in learning process and social interaction
because, first, reading is an indispensable communication tool in
a civilized society. Second, reading materials produced in any
period of time in history most influenced by social background.
Third, developments that over the period of the recorded history
of reading led to two different poles. (Grey in Tarigan, 1973).
Reading is bringing and getting meaning from printed or
written material. (Finochiano and Bonomo in Tarigan, 1973).
Through the reading activity, the students can enlarge their
knowledge and it can also make them wise and respectful. Students
reading ability must be developed. Teachers have duties to
develop their skill and ability. Everything teachers do in
reading class should be designed to build students ability to
understand increasingly complex content of the text. A good
method can be an effort of students reading ability better. By
developing good method, students are expected to be able to have
an active learning. Active learning can make the students
interested in the raeding lesson that given to them, not only
silent or passive in the teaching and learning process.
There are three skills in learning process: listening,
speaking and reading. Raeding is the important subject to be
taught in school. In reading learning process the students must
understand what the content of the text to get the information
from it. Reading is the process to transfer the science from book
to brain from writer to reader, and this information will not
received with the readers if they did not understand what the
content of the text. Other problem in reading is lack of
vocabularies and pronounciation.
Theoretical/conceptual framework
Foshay, et al (2003) states that the cognitive-
constructivist view of reading stresses that reading is a process
in which the reader actively searches for meaning in what he or
she reads. This view also emphasizes that his exploration for
meaning depend very profoundly on the reader’s having an existing
and obtainable store of knowledge or “schemata” that he or she
draws on in that search for meaning, and that active contribution
of the reader is significant enough to justify the assertation
that the reader actually constructs the meaning he or she arrives
at. There are basically three topics that describe three key
components of the cognitive-constructivist model- the cognitive
orientation, schemata, and construct.
Reading has different definition base on different people.
Acoording to Sutari (2000) “reading is a process of getting the
meaning of something written of printed by interpreting its
characters or symbols. Reading is a second language that defined
as process of grasping full linguistics meaning in the new
language through the symbol used to represent it.
On the other hand, Harris (2000) said that “reading is the
meaningful interpretation of printed of written verbal symbols
which also involves sensing, perceiving, achieving meaning,
learning reacting in variety of ways. From these definitions, it
can be said that reading is an effort from the students to get or
transfer the meaning and information from the text by
understanding, grasping, translating, and giving meaning to the
written form. Therefore, it can be concluded that reading is not
only looking at word in the form of graphic symbols but also
getting meaning from word to word to understand the content of a
text and to get information from the text.
The teacher taught the learners according to his/her own way
of understanding, and after the lesson he/herself knew. Reading
is important to define it and closely examine.
According to (Urquhart and Weir, 1998) cognitive theory
reading is the cognitive activity, and being so, it mainly takes
place in mind; the other physical manifestations such as eye
movement, subvocalization etc. are, to them, comparatively
superficial. Reading is not just an act of going through the
text. It invloves certain attitudes and reactions towards the
text the reader as reading. (Grellet, 1996) reading is
contstaantly involves guessing, predicting, checking and asking
oneself questions.
Purpose of the study
This study aim to determine the reading Ability of the
Students in Dumingag Technological Training School for us to help
the youth of Dumingag Technological Training School and to know
their reading level.
Figure 1 elucidates the independent and dependent varaibles
in the study. The profile of the student-respondents is the
independent variable. The dependent variable is the level of the
reading ability.
 Students-respondents profile
• Age

•Sex

Level of Reading Ability

• Fast Reader
• Moderate Reader
• Slow reader

Ability employed by the

students-respondents in
reading

Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of the Study

Statement of the problem
 This study will be conducted to determine the reading
ability of the selected 30 students in Dumingag Technological
Training School San Pablo, Dumingag Zamboanga Del Sur School year
2019-2020.
Specifically it seeks to answer the following questions:
1. What is the profile of the reading ability of the student-
respondents in term of age and sex?
2. What is the level of the reading ability of the student-
respondents?
3. What is the ability employed by the student-respondents in
reading?
4. Is there a significant differences of the level of reading
ability between male female respondents?

Hypothesis
Ho: There is no significant differences of the level of reading
ability between the male and female respondents?
Importance of the study
The outcomes of this study will be beneficial to the
following:
Teacher. This study will guide the teachers in choosing an
appropriate reading activity that answer the needs of the
students.
Students. This study will help the students in improving their
reading ability.
Parents. This study will help the parents to give their students
a moral support of the study in reading ability.
Future Researcher. This study will serve as a guide for the
future researcher in doing their own research.

Scope snd Delimitation of the study

This study will be aimed to determine the reading ability
of the selected 30 students in Dumingag Technological Training
School, San Pablo Dumingag Zamboanga del Sur school year 2019-
2020.
 The study only treated the following variables: profile
of the student-respondents as to age, and sex; their ability of
reading competency level; the significant difference between the
male and female students-respondents reading ability.

Definition of Terms
Ability. The quality of being able to do something, especially
the physical, mental, financial, or leagl power of knowledge of
skills through experience, study or being taught.
Communication. A process by which information is exchange between
individuals though a common system of symbols, sign or behavoir.
Reading Ability. Is the complex cognitive process of decoding
symbols to derive meaning.It is a form of language processing.
Reading. The action or skill of reading written printed matter
silently or aloud. An occasion of which poetry or other pieces of
literature are read aloud to an audience. An interpretation, a
figure or amount shown by a meter or other measuring instrument.
Skills. A skill is the ability to carry out a task with
determined result often within a given amount of time, energy, or
both.

Chapter 2
Review and Related Literature
This chapter presents the related literature and related studies
which are related to the present study gathered by the researcher
through their readings on the subject.
Related Literature
According to Patel (2008) reading is the most useful and
important skill. It is a source of joys and good reading keeps
students regular in reading which provide them pleasure and
profit. Reading makes students enjoy their learning process and
gives several advantages and finding some information is needed.
It is unlimited area that makes students know everything, such as
education, politic, social, culture, region, health and etc. all
of that information can be obtain by reading.
W.S Gray (2008) reading is a form of experience. It brings
students in contact with the minds of great authors, with the
written accounts of their experiences. Reading is necessary in
language learning. It is not only a source of information and a
pleasurable activity but also a means of consolidating and
extending one’s knowledge of the language.
The teaching of reading has undergone significant change in
the 20th century as result of experiments with new approaches to
education in general. In the beginning of the 20th century, the
personal interest and needs in reading were ignored. Experts
mused over it and during the late (1920s and 1930s) there was a
push for emphasizing individual needs in instruction. It was not
until (1960s and 1970s) when some fruitful thesis came into
light. (Goodman, 1977) and others posited a psycholinguistic view
of reading in which reading is viewed as an interactive process
between language and thought.
According to the new critism, reading is just a process of
‘recreating’ in our mind the mental condition of the authors or
the writer (Eagleton, 1996). The psychoanalysts consider reading
as the proper means to reach the psychology or, more precisely,
the unconscious of the author and to know the personality of the
author, his/her surroundings and hidden desires.
According to (Rauch and Weinstein, 1968). “Reading
improvement is possible and probable provided you work at it.
There are no short cuts, gimmicks, or panaceas that will cure all
reading problems. Frankly, reading improvement is hard work, “but
they assure that it is ‘gratifying’. In short, the more one
reads, the better they will read, and the better one reads, the
faster they will read (op. cit).n to be effective reader. Are
should make a logical link between the language of the text and
his mental perception. Therefore, the language should suit the
level and perception of the reader and, “should enable a student
to enter inner worlds which become real to the perceive.”(Rolaff,
1973) these inner worlds’ of the reader and of the texture and
their structure play vital role in understanding the text.
Related Studies
Reading is one of four important language skills that should
be mastered by students. It is one of the ways for getting
knowledge that cannot separated from every learning process and
it is does not only happen in educational field but also in our
daily life. For getting knowledge and information, people read
books, magazines, newspapers, advertisement and etc. nation
states that reading is a source of learning and enjoyment. It can
help students learn and new vocabulary and grammar. It also makes
them enjoy the reading. They can learn more and more by reading
(Routledge 2009).
According to Richard (2002) reading means perceiving a
written text in order to understand its content. This can be done
silently (silent reading). It is a particular way in which the
readers understand texts, passages, paragraphs even books and an
ability to understand and find out the information presented in a
form of written text. Goodman in Majdis Abdullah Ahmad (2005)
defines reading as a receptive process of written communication.
According to him reading begins with a linguistic surface
expression encoded by a writer and ends with meaning in which the
reader decoded.
On the other hand, Grebe (2009) states that reading is not
merely a receptive process of picking up information from the
page in a verbatim manner but it is a selective process which is
characterized is an active process of comprehending. Reading can
be seen as an “interactive” process between a reader and a text
which leads to automaticity. It is a dynamic process in which the
reader works actively to construct meaning form the material. In
the process, the reader interacts dynamically with the text as he
or she tries to elicit the meaning.
Therefore, students must be able to adjust their reading to
fit the type of material being presented. Effective readers are
involved in the process of reading and look for meaning actively.
In effective readers play a passive role during reading.They do
not connect the text material with their prior knowledge.
 Chapter 3
Research Methodology
 This chapter present the research design, respondents of the
study, research instrument, sampling design and data gathering
procedure.
Research Design
This study will be employed the descriptive-survey method of
research. The data will be gathered using a researcher-made
questionnaire-checklist.
Research Setting
This study will be conducted in Dumingag Technological
Training School San Pablo, Dumingag Zamboanga Del Sur during the
School Year 2019-2020.
Bajaj is one of the common means of transportation for students
to reach the campus. It has an estimated distance of 200 meters
from the poblacion.
Research Respondents
This study will be intended to test the reading ability of
the selected 30 students in Dumingag Technological Training
School San Pablo, Dumingag Zamboanga Del Sur School Year 2019-
2020.
Sampling Design
In determining the total number of respondents who were
involved in this study the researcher utilized the total
enumeration method, which include 30 grade 11 students in
Dumingag Technological Training School San Pablo, Dumingag
Zamboanga Del Sur School Year 2019-2020.
Research Instrument
The instrument that will be used in the study will composed
of the following parts:
Part I.A checklist about the student-respondents’ profile which
included their sex and age.
Part II. Contain the self-mode questionnaire which the students-
respondents of level of reading ability.
Part III. Deals with the questionnaire-checklist which employed
by the student-respondents in reading.
Data Gathering Procedure
 In conducting this research, first the researchers will be
coordinate ton the School Administrator to ask permission in
gathering the data needed for this endeavor. The researchers
secured all appropriate communications from the school, teachers
and students of Dumingag Technological Training School.
Statistical Technique
The descriptive statistics will be employed in order to
arrive at the correct interpretation of the data gathered.
Frequency counts and percentage will be used to determine the
distribution of the respondents; percentage will be employed to
as certain responses of the respondents in each level; and the
weight Arithmetic of the students in Dumingag Technological
Training School.
In determining the significant difference of the level of
Reading Ability between the male and female respondents, z-test
of independence will be used.

X 1−X 2
Z-test= 1 1
√
ơ
+
n1 n2

Where:
X1= Mean of the first sample
X2= Mean of the second sample
n1= Number of the respondents in the first sample
n2= Number of the respondents in the second sample
ơ= Population standard deviation