EXTRA PRACTICE

 Ratio & Proportion

 Averages, Mixtures & Alligation
 Percentage
 Profit, Loss & Discount

01. A completely filled container has milk contaminated by 5% water. What fraction of
the mixture should be taken out and replaced by pure milk, so that it now contains
99% milk?

8 4 3 9 19
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
9 5 4 10 20

02. A health club had 60% boys. When a new club with better facilities opened in the
area, 30% of the club members switched. If the new club had 80% girls, what was the
ratio of “switching rate” for girls to that for boys?
 People who switch 
 Switching Rate  
 Total no of people 

(A) 3:1 (B) 8:1 (C) 6:1 (D) 9:2 (E) 4:1

03. Henry purchased 3 items during a sale. He received a 20 percent discount off the
regular price of the most expensive item and a 10 percent discount off the regular
price of each of the other 2 items. Was the total discount of these three items greater
than 15 percent of the sum of the regular prices of the 3 items?

(1) The regular price of the most expensive item was $50, and the regular price of the
next most expensive item was $20

(2) The regular price of the least expensive item was $15
04. A bottle contains honey and sugar syrup in the ratio 8:1. Another bottle with twice
the capacity of the first having certain ratio of the same ingredients was emptied along
with the first in a larger bottle. If the final mixture had honey and sugar syrup in the
ratio 5:1, what was the ratio of honey and sugar syrup in the second bottle?

(A) 29:7 (B) 4:1` (C) 7:2 (D) 13:5 (E) 19:5

05. A sum of Rs. 427 is to be divided among A, B and C such that 3 times A’s share, 4
times B’s share and 7 times C’s share are all equal. The share of C is

(A) 84 (B) 140 (C) 196 (D) 240 (E) 250

06. A is directly proportional to the square root of B and inversely proportional to the
square of C. If C is increased by 20% then the percentage by which B must be
changed in order to keep A constant is closest to

(A) 10% (B) 44% (C) –50% (D) 107% (E) –30%

07. By selling an article at 80% of its marked price, a merchant makes a loss of 12%.
How much profit (P) or loss (L) will the merchant make if the article is sold at 95% of
its marked price?

(A) 5% P (B) 1% L (C) 10% P (D) 3% L (E) 4.5% P

08. Starting from a certain mixture of milk and water, 10% mixture was removed and
replaced by pure milk. The same process was repeated by successively removing and
replacing 20%, 30% and 40% of the mixture with pure milk. If the ratio of milk to
water in the final mixture is 68:7 then the initial ratio was

(A) 11:4 (B) 56:25` (C) 18:7 (D) 16:9 (E) 15:9

09. The floor dimensions of a cubical room are increased by 20% and 30% but its
height is decreased so that the total exterior surface area of the room, excluding the
floor remains constant. The required percentage decrease in height is closest to

(A) 36% (B) 42% (C) 31% (D) 53% (E) 27%
10. In a company, the sales in Dec equaled the total sales from Jan to May – five
months during which the average sale was 50% less than the average annual sale. The
average sale during June and July was 20% less than the annual average sales. The
sale from Aug through Nov represents what percentage of the total annual sales?

(A) 30% (B) 35% (C) 40% (D) 45% (E) 50%

11. An apparel store marks up its new arrivals by 60% and sells one-fourth stock in
the no sale period. During the first phase of sale period, a flat 25% discount is offered
when further one-fourth stock gets sold, and the remaining gets sold during the 40%
sale offer. What was the overall profit made by the store?

(A) 20% (B) 32% (C) 15% (D) 36% (E) 18%

12. Four retailers A, B, C and D got the same item at the same cost price. Retailer A
put a 50% markup and offered 20% discount on the list price. Retailer B had a 100%
markup and offered successive discounts of 25% and 20%. Retailer C marked up by
20% but eventually sold at 20% discount on that price. Retailer D sold the item at
cost. Which of the following is the correct order of the retailers, as per their profits?

(A) A > B > D > C

(B) A > B > C = D

(C) A = B > C = D

(D) A = B > D > C

(E) A = B > C > D

13. In a company, 46% workers are male. 60% workers involve in union and 70% of
them are male. The fraction of female workers who don't involve in union is

1 2 4 1 3
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
4 3 9 3 4

14. If selling price of an item is increased by 400% then the profit percentage on that
sale increases by 1400%. What was the initial profit percentage earned on the item?

(A) 20% (B) 35% (C) 25% (D) 40% (E) Cannot be determined
15. If p, q and r are positive integers such that p is q% of r, then p + q + r = ?

(1) q is r% of p

(2) r is p% of q

16. A gas station contaminates petrol with kerosene to earn extra profit, which costs
one-third of petrol and contributes only 20% to mileage. The mileage of a motorist
dropped from 20 to 16 after filling up his tank which was almost empty. If the gas
station initially earned 12.5% profit on pure petrol sale, what is the additional profit
percentage being earned due to contamination?

(A) 7.5% (B) 10% (C) 5% (D) 17.5% (E) 22.5%

17. On Day 1, a fruit juice vendor mixes fruit concentrate with freely available water in
the ratio 1:2 and earns 50% profit after selling his total purchase. On Day 2, he buys
fruit concentrate at the same rate but now mixes it with water in the ratio 2:5. If his
selling price per unit is still the same, the profit earned on Day 2 is

(A) 60% (B) 75% (C) 66.67% (D) 80% (E) 72%

18. A toy was put in a retail store after a certain markup on its cost, on which certain
discount was offered. The ratio of selling price to the cost was 7:4, and the ratio of
discount offered to profit earned was 4:9. The discount percentage was

(A) 12% (B) 20% (C) 10% (D) 16% (E) 25%

19. A 20% alcohol solution is mixed with Solution X with unknown concentration in
the ratio 1:4 by volume. The resulting solution is again mixed with 20% alcohol
solution of same volume. The solution is finally mixed with solution X of same volume.
If the final solution has 48% alcohol concentration, then concentration of Solution X is

(A) 80% (B) 60% (C) 75% (D) 56% (E) 90%

20. An engineering college has total 5 different branches, such that each is allocated
to contain at least one-eighth the total college students. After Round 1 of counseling,
there remained exactly 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% seats vacant in the different
branches. If total vacant seats are P % of the college intake, then the range of P is

(A) 10% (B) 6% (C) 7.5% (D) 9% (E) 12%

21. A shopkeeper sets 20% markup for the price of rice per kg, but offers 10%
discount at the time of sale to customer. To further augment his profit, he uses a
faulty balance so that he buys 1.1 kg when the actual price is paid for only 1 kg, and
sells 0.9 kg when the customer actually pays for 1 kg. The effective profit percentage is

(A) 15% (B) 18% (C) 32% (D) 36% (E) 24%

22. Three articles priced at $X, $Y and $Z were sold at profits of 10%, 15% and 20%
respectively. If overall profit was 14%, which of the following is definitely false?

(A) Z > X (B) Z > Y (C) X > Y (D) X < Y (E) Z > Y

23. The average weight of a group of 25 people is 67 kg. Did the average weight of the
group decrease after two people; Mark and Noel leave the group?

(1) One amongst Mark and Noel weighs 10 kg more than the other

(2) Noel weighs 63 kg

24. The average weight of a group of 25 people is 67 kg. Did the average weight of the
group decrease after two people; Mark and Noel leave the group?

(1) Mark is the heaviest person in the group

(2) Noel weighs the same as Mark

25. The average weight of a group of 25 people is 67 kg. Did the average weight of the
group decrease after two people; Mark and Noel leave the group?

(1) Mark is the heaviest person in the group

(2) Noel is the lightest person in the group

26. A trader sells two items for the same price. But one is sold at a profit of 25% and
the other is sold at a loss of 20%. The overall profit (P) or loss (L) made by the trader in
the entire transaction is nearest to

(A) 0 (B) 1% L (C) 2% P (D) 2.5% L (E) 5% P

27. The average speed of a train varies directly as the square of the voltage supplied to
its engine, and inversely as the square root of the number of coaches. If the coaches
are increased from 12 to 16, then the percentage increase in voltage required to reach
a certain destination in 8 hours instead of 10 hours is closest to

(A) 15% (B) 12% (C) 30% (D) 20% (E) 24%

28. The profits from a certain investment were to be distributed among three people A,
B and C in the ratio 4:5:6 but instead got erroneously distributed as 6:9:5. The person
who gained the most due to this disproportionate distribution, saw a percentage
increase in his earnings of

(A) 35% (B) 16% (C) 27% (D) 40% (E) 24%

29. There are 500 cars on a sales lot, all of which have either two doors or four doors.
There are 165 two-door cars on the lot. There are 120 four-door cars that have a
back-up camera. Eighteen percent of all the cars with back-up cameras have
standard transmission. If 40% of all the cars with both back-up cameras and
standard transmission are two-door cars, how many four-door cars have both back-up
cameras and standard transmission?

(A) 18 (B) 27 (C) 36 (D) 45 (E) 54

30. Company M has two divisions – X and Y. Each division has exactly two types of
employees – clerks and managers. Is the ratio of clerks to managers greater for
division X than for division Y?

(1) Division X has 20% managers.

(2) Company M has 15% managers.

 ANSWER KEY

01. B

02. C

03. A

04. A

05. A

06. D

07. E

08. B

09. C

10. D

11. E

12. D

13. B

14. D

15. C

16. E

17. B

18. D

19. B

20. C

21. C

22. A

23. E

24. C

25. E
26. D

27. D

28. A

29. B

30. C