LEARNING MODULE

THE NOTRE DAME OF MASIAG, INC.

SY 2020-2021

CHRISTIAN MORALITY
Quarter 1

Name ______________________________________________

Section ______________________________________________

Subject Teacher ______________________________________________

Class Adviser ______________________________________________

FOR PRIVATE USE

in the Notre Dame of Masiag, Inc.
Strictly not for Public Circulation
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Foreword to Parents and Students

Welcome to Notre Dame of Masiag, Inc. Modular Learning Modality for school year 2020-2021. This Module
was prepared for use in the Archdiocesan Notre Dame Schools of Cotabato (ANDSC) system. Whenever necessary and
appropriate, the Subject Teacher made some revisions in order to best suit the needs of your particular school.
This set of Modules will be used with an accompanying official textbook available for sale or rental from the
school. For the schools that do not use a textbook, the subject teacher will provide another set of texts or excerpts that will
serve as Substitute of the textbook, which is called Appendix Text. On a regular basis, the student will be directed to do
some activities in his/her Activity/Assessment Notebook. Make sure you have these 3 sets of Materials for your classes: 1)
Modules; 2) Textbook or Appendix Texts; and 3) Activity/Assessment Notebook.
For our Blended Learning, the school will use online technologies to support our Modular Learning Delivery: the
use of online classrooms, links, video presentations, social media, emails, live calls, webinars, etc. Furthermore, the
students are highly encouraged to find supplementary ways of learning like reading materials, multimedia, online
resources, and the aid of the people in the homes. It goes without saying that the parents are the best partners of the school
in the education of their children. Now, more than ever, your children need your support in the delivery of learning.
We are hopeful that despite its few disadvantages, this new approach to education will yield the most for our
students. We also hope that this pandemic will soon end and we can see you face to face. At the beginning of this school
year, may I introduce to you the Vision-Mission and Core Values to be adapted by all the ANDSC schools starting this
school year 2020-2021. Our Module Designers have tried their best to incorporate these treasures in the Modules.
Thank you for choosing Notre Dame.
Rev. Fr. Arnold L. Fuentes, DCC
Director/Superintendent

VISION STATEMENT
Notre Dame of Masiag, Inc. a member of the Archdiocesan Notre Dame Schools of Cotabato, providing quality education
rooted in the gospel values and Marian ideals, envisions to be a center of excellence in the holistic development of human persons,
equipped with knowledge and life-enriching skills who are successful and responsible citizens contributing to the transformation of
society.
MISSION STATEMENT
We commit ourselves to provide innovative programs for dynamic learning experiences in a safe and conducive
environment; foster a culture of peace, understanding and solidarity; develop leadership and exercise social responsibility;
participate in nation building and promote love for country; and collaborate with the local church in its mission of evangelization.

CORE VALUES – N.O.T.R.E. D.A.M.E.

N Noble A Notre Damean demonstrates high moral principles that embody nobility of character
especially honesty and integrity.
O Obedient A Notre Damean exemplifies fidelity to God and loyalty to country; follows school policies,
rules and regulations; and practices desirable family values.
T Transformed A Notre Damean displays positive disposition in life and an acceptable level of self-confidence
and maturity, and shows capacity for teamwork, collaboration and solidarity.
R Respectful A Notre Damean shows high esteem and regard to oneself, others, the community, country,
nature, environment, and other faiths and cultures.
E Enlightened A Notre Damean demonstrates academic excellence, critical and reflective thinking, and guided
by one’s conscience, makes good decisions and actions based on wise judgment.
D Disciplined A Notre Damean wills and obliges to do what is right and expected, and exercises self-control in
one’s dealings with the world and others.
A Accountable A Notre Damean displays commitment and responsibility in performing one’s tasks, and shows
leadership capacities and sense of volunteerism and initiative.
M Marian A Notre Damean emulates Mary’s virtues especially faith in God, generosity, humility,
prayerfulness, purity, simplicity, and service.
E Empathetic A Notre Damean shows sensitivity and understanding of the feelings, ideas, beliefs, cultures,
traditions, and experiences of others; and shows compassion, friendship, kindness and love.
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Overview of the Module

This Course makes senior high school students aware of the developmental stage that they are in, for them to better
understand themselves and the significant people around them as they make important career decisions as adolescents.
The course consists of modules, each of which addresses a key concern in personal development. Using the experiential
learning approach, each module invites students to explore specific themes in their development. Personal reflections,
sharing, and lectures help reveal and articulate relevant concepts, theories and tools in different areas in psychology.

References:

https://www.signedmarco.com/saysay-husay-sarili-shs-teaching-framework

https://www.lauraltonhall.org/uploaded/Academics/20172018_Courses/RELIGION_DEPARTMENT_program
of_studies_2018-_2019.pdf

https://odnmedia.s3.amazonaws.com/files/Topic%2027-Morality%20of%20Human%20Acts.pdf

https://www.archspm.org/faith-and-discipleship/catholic-faith/what-are-the-basic-elements-of-christian-
morality/

https://www.slideshare.net/dhelchen/types-of-portfolio

Sibs Christian Life Education

Called to Follow Christ in True Freedom
Noel P. Miranda
Philip S. Javier III

Vibal Integrated Values Christian Living Series

The Commitment for Salvation
Carmen Cabato Lourdes M. Ribo
EngraciaSuratos Herman Rochester
Sonia Pulvinar Camila Gonzales

Vibal Christian Living Series

We Celebrate God’s Love (Jesus Calls Us to Service and Renewal)
Apolinario A. Bocar Pilar I. Romero, Ph.D.
Rodel M. Aguire Author-Editor
Maria Lowella I. Calderon
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Definition of Terms

Absolute Freedom –the erroneous notion that freedom means doing as one pleases, without regard for the good of others.
It is the exercise of freedom without responsibility or moral obligations.

Act of Humans – an instinctive o involuntary human bodily process such as digesting or breathing, which is considered
neither morally good nor evil.

Authentic (or true) freedom – it is doing the good. It is the capacity to do what we should do as persons-in-community.
Authentic freedom is experienced as (a) freedom from everything that opposes
our true self-becoming with others in community, and (b) freedom from growing as full
persons and children of God, sharing in the life of Christ our Liberator, through his spirit.

Beatitudes– the blessings found in Matthew 5:3-12 that begin Christ’s Sermon on the Mount, revealing to us what it
means to be truly Christ-like. These blessings that run counter to worldly values present to us the
values of the kingdom of God and sketch for us what it means to be conformed in Christ’s love.

Freedom for –an understanding of freedom or something directed toward a goal or purpose. In the context of authentic
freedom, it refers to sharing in Jesus’ life through the Holy Spirit.

Freedom from –an understanding of freedom as an absence of restraints or impediments. In the context of authentic
freedom, it is the absence of everything that opposes our true good as persons-in-community.
Human Act – a consciously and freely chosen act.

Law – the objective norm of morality.

Natural Law –The universal moral law grounded in our very nature as human persons, discernible through human reason.

Object (or nature) of the act –the aspect of the moral act that refers to what one has actually done or is thinking of doing.
It answers the fundamental question “What is the act involved?”

Relational Being –refers to our being created by, with, and for others. It means that the human person is a social being or
a person-in-community.

Sacred Scripture –the Bible. It is the Book of the people of God. The Bible is the privileged source of God’s revelation.

Triune God – the Blessed Trinity.

Virtue – an operative good habit or the capacity of doing good with ease, pleasure, and consistency. Natural virtues are
acquired through repeated acts, while other virtues are ‘infused’ by God’s Grace.
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Module Learning Competencies

GRADE : 12
SEMESTER : FIRST SEMESTER
SUBJECT TITLE : CHRISTIAN MORALITY
NO. OF HOURS/SEMESTER : 80 HOURS/SEMESTER
PRE-REQUISITE : NONE

FIRST QUARTER: EIGHT WEEKS

Q/WK  No. of Module Topics Sub Topics No. Of

Sessio No. Activity
ns Sheets
Q1 4 1 I. Introduction to  Meaning  
W1 Christian Morality  Bases
a. Scripture
b. Church Tradition and Teachings
Q1 c. Laws of Morality
W2  Divine Law
 Natural Law
 Church Law
 Civil Law
Q1 5 2 II. The Human Person:  Human Dignity
W3 Agent of Morality  The nature of human person
a. Moral Being
b. Spiritual Being
c. Social Being
Q1 d. Rational Being
W4  Human Freedom
Q1  Conscience
W5 a. Type of Conscience
b. Formation of Human
Conscience
Q1 3 3 III. Basic Principles of  Human Act  
W6 Christian Morality a. Classification (Moral, immoral, amoral)
Q1 5 3 b. Components/Elements of Human  
W7 b.1. intellect and will
b.2. freedom
b.3. voluntariness
Q1 c. Determinants/Sources of Morality
W8 c.1. the object of morality
c.2. end of morality
c.3. the circumstances of the act
d. The modifiers/ obstacles of human act
5 4 IV. SIN  Meaning  
 Types of Sin
 Four-fold effects of Sin
V. Important Elements  Agent in Designing
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of Decision-making  Virtues and Character

 The process of making a Moral Decision
a. Discernment
b. Demand or Moral Norm
c. Judgement or Decision
Q1 5   VI. Living the  Loving God  
W7 Kingdom Values  Loving Family and Neighbour
 Valuing life
 Respecting Human Sexuality
 Promoting Justice and Peace
 Respecting the Liberating Truth
Q1 VII. Grace and  Repentance and Conversion
W8 Conversion  Celebrating the Sacrament of
Reconciliation
Q1 REVIEW FOR MODULE 1-4
W9 SUMMATIVE
ASSESSMENT
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Christian Morality
I: Introduction to Christian Morality

Topic/Lesson Name:
Meaning/Bases (Scripture, Church Tradition and Teachings)

Objectives: The learners will be able to:

1. Enumerate and discuss the bases of Christian Morality
2. Illustrate the significance of moral laws as bases for decision-making
3. Compare and contrast the different moral laws
4. Create a self-made poem in view of Christian Morality

  Date by week No. of Module Topics Sub Topics No. Of

Session No. Activity
s Sheets
Q1 AUGUST 4 1 I. Introduction to  Meaning  
W1 24-28, 2020 Christian Morality  Bases
a. Scripture
b. Church Tradition and Teachings
Q1 SEPTEMBER c. Laws of Morality
W2 7-11, 2020  Divine Law
 Natural Law
 Church Law
 Civil Law

Introduction

Draw out from the students the understanding of the personal and social context of our everyday moral struggles.

Motivation (Unwired)

R e a d t h e G o s p e
What kind of relationship do I have with Jesus Christ at present? What experience
have I had that is similar to the experience of the rich young man in the Gospel.

The Rich Young Man

(Mt 19:16-21; cf Mk 10:17-22; Lk 18:18-23)

Now someone approached [Jesus] and said, ‘Teacher, what good must I do to gain eternal life?”. He answered
him, “Why do you ask me about the good? There is only One who is good. If you wish to enter into life, keep the
Commandments.” He asked him, “Which ones?” And Jesus replied. “You shall not kill; you shall not commit adultery;
you shall not steal; you shall not bear false witness; honor your father and your mother; and you shall love your neighbor
as yourself.” The young man said to him, “All of this I have observed, what do I still lack?” Jesus said to him, “If you
wish to be perfect, go, sell what you have and give to (the) poor, and you will have treasure in heaven. Then come, follow
me.”

Instruction
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Like many of us, the rich young man had been looking for someone who could answer one of life’s most
important questions: What good must I do to gain eternal life? When the young man posed his question to Jesus, it
seemed he was asking for the very meaning of life itself. What kind of life, indeed, should one lead to attain eternal life?
Like the rich young man, sometimes we have similar hopes: There must be more to life than our accomplishments,
possessions, or reputation!
As followers of Christ, we need to turn to what God has revealed to us in Sacred Scriptures, as well as its faithful
interpretation through the Tradition of the Church.
Our daily following of
Jesus Christ as His
What is Christian Morality?
disciples, strengthened by
the Holy Spirit Helps the individual grow
in the knowledge and love
of God to enable the
person to become Christ-
like as possible

Christian morality is our belief in God who created all things

and in Jesus who taught us even better how to live. We believe
we are created in God’s image and that we, and all creation,
are basically good. 

 Christian Morality entails being true to our relationship with God.

Jesus answered the rich young man’s question by saying, “Why do you ask me about the good?
There is only One who is good.” This directs our relationship with the Father.
 Christian Morality entails keeping the commandments.
“If you wish to enter into life, keep the commandments,” Jesus said. The young man promptly
asked, “Which ones?” Patiently, Jesus enumerated some of the Commandments. Clearly, His
purpose was to draw the connection between our salvation and our keeping of God’s Law. What
must we do to gain eternal life? Keep the Commandments.
 Christian Morality is Following Christ.
At first, Jesus’ demand seems impossibly difficult. But we remember how Christ’s first disciples-
Peter, Andrew, James, John-all simple fishermen, were able to leave behind their nets and their
families to follow Christ (Mt 4:18-22). We are called to become loving persons in the fullness of
life with others in the Christian community by following Jesus Christ, our Savior, through his
indwelling Spirit within us.

Scripture

 Scripture is a collection of ancient writings that Christians believe are inspired by God to reveal Him to us.
Christians believe that the Holy Spirit inspired the many different individual human authors of
the Sacred Scriptures.
 The Scriptures are divided into individual books. The books written prior to Christ are known as the Old
Testament and the books written about Jesus Christ are known as the New Testament.
 The message of the Old Testament is that God created the world and has a plan for it through the People of
Israel.Specifically, God plans to save the world from sin and death.
 The message of the New Testament is that God has saved the world through His Son, Jesus Christ.

Church Traditions and Teachings

 Sacred Tradition comes from Christ. It’s the full, living gift of Christ to the Apostles, faithfully handed down
through each generation. It is through Tradition that the Holy Spirit makes the Risen Lord present among
us, offering us the very same saving Word and Sacraments that he gave to the Apostles!
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 The word “tradition” actually means handing down something to another person. Scripture testifies to this
meaning of Catholic Tradition as the normal mode of transmitting the Faith.
 It is the true Faith itself, given to the Apostles by Christ and faithfully transmitted to each new generation.
(Catechism, 77-78).
LAW OF MORALITY

What is a Just Law?

A good or just law protects and promotes the true freedom of a
community and its individual members. Hence, we are obliged to understand
and obey just laws. But what are the characteristics of a truly just law?

A just law is an ordinance A just law is properly

of reason or must be promulgated. For any law
reasonable. It must be a to be effective, it must be
product of careful and clearly communicated to all
serious deliberation. people concerned.

AAjust
justlaw
lawought
must be
to decreed
be for by
the sake of common good.Only
competent authority.
persons with legitimate
authority have the power to
create and implement laws for
their respective communities.

DIFFERENT LAWS, DIFFERENT GOALS

There are different laws with different purposes. Though varied, laws are important in forming our conscience and
guiding us to understand what is authentically morally good. Laws may be classified under four heading.

1. Natural Law – The universal moral law grounded on our human nature and knowable through human reason ( Veritatis
Splendor 79). It is the set of rights and obligations that arise from our basic dignity as persons. It
does not mean “the law of nature,” which includes scientific law, but rather “the law of our human
nature.”

What you do not wish others to do to you, do not do to them. (The

Golden Rule)

2. Divine law – From Sacred Scripture, we discover moral laws revealed to us by God. Throughput
history and at various significant moments, God provided men and women
with the grace to discern His will and thereby formulate laws and codes according
on His plan.
a. Old Testament: Moses and the Ten Commandments – as Christians, the Ten Commandments
remain for us afundamental moral law.
b. New Testament: Jesus’ Law of Love and the Beatitudes – Christ is the “end of the law”
because His coming ushered in a new understanding of God’s Law.
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3. Church Law – these are expressions of Christ’s laws of love in the particulars circumstances of Christian living. For
many centuries, the Catholic Church has handed down Sacred Scripture and the apostolic tradition to each new
generation of Christians, interpreting an applying Christ’s teachings to each new age and culture. Most people understand
Church law to mean the precepts of the Church that express the minimum level of participation expected of us as
Christ’s followers. These are the following:

1. You shall attend Mass on Sundays and on holy days of obligation and rest from service labour.
2. You shall confess your sins at least once a year.
3. You shall receive the Sacrament of the Eucharist at least during the Easter season
4. You shall observe the days of fasting and abstinence established by the Church.
5. You shall help to provide for the needs of the Church.

4. Civil Laws – are human-made decrees that are binding to all citizens of a nation. They are often particular applications
of the natural law and are made by duly elected or assigned officials for the welfare of society. For our country, the most
important civil is the Philippine Constitution.

“The State recognizes the sanctity and shall protect and strengthen the family as a basic
autonomous social institution. It shall equally protect the life of a mother and the life of the
unborn from conception. The natural and primary right and duty of parents in the rearing of the
youth for civic efficiency and the development of moral character shall receive the support of
the Government.”

Practice
Student Activity (Understanding God’s Goodness)
Individual work: look for at least two passages or narratives in Sacred Scripture (Bible) that strike you as
powerful illustrations of God’s love and goodness. Indicate the book, chapter, and verses of these passages. For each
scriptural passage, answer the following questions on your activity/assessment notebook. You will be guided by the
following rubrics. Construction of Ideas – 5 Grammar and Sentence Construction – 5

1. What does this passage say about the goodness of God?

2. In this passage, how does God reveal what it means to be a good person?

Enrichment

Student Activity (Draw me into your Friendship)

The following prayer by Joseph Tetlow, S.J. beautifully summarizes the meaning of what it means to follow Christ. Find
some quiet time to reflect on these words and say this prayer from your heart:

Lord Jesus, from the start,

You invite ordinary people to come, You welcome them
And call them to labor and rejoice with You.
You are the most beautiful among all men,
And I hardly believe You want me for Your friend. You are powerful, Lord.
Draw me more and more into Your friendship
And lead me along the way You took with friends.

Values Integration

Values: Obedience
Biblical Text:(Mt 22:37-39) “God is not the God of the dead, but of the living. Jesus said unto him,
“Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind.” This is the
first and great commandment. And the second is like unto it, thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself
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Evaluation (Unwired)

Student Activity

Journal Writing (Praying With Scripture)

1. Choose a song or a poem that captures the meaning of this line: “We live in the best of time and the worst of times.”
Write a short reflection on your Activity Notebook.
2. Identify three significant things you did recently that demonstrate your being a true person-for-others. How could your
Christian faith have helped in your decision? Write your answer in your Activity Notebook.

Christian Morality
II: The Human Person; Agent of Morality

Topic/Lesson Name: Human Dignity/The Nature of Human/Human Freedom/Conscience

Objectives: The learners will be able to:

1. Explain the basis of Human Dignity
2. Evaluate the knowledge about human dignity
3.Describe the human person as a moral being
4. Distinguish authentic from misconceptions of human freedom
5. Develop ways on how to effectively form human conscience

QUARTER/WEEK  No. of Modul Topics Sub Topics No. Of

Sessions e No. Activity
Sheets
Q1 5 2 II. The Human Person:  Human Dignity
W3 Agent of Morality  The nature of human
person
a. Moral Being
b. Spiritual Being
c. Social Being
Q1 d. Rational Being
W4  Human Freedom
Q1  Conscience
W5 a. Type of Conscience
b. Formation of Human
Conscience

Introduction

Enable a question that will reflect the students about knowing oneself.
WHO AM I? In this chapter, we will reflect on these basic human
questions: “Who am I? What does it mean to be a human person?”
Motivation (Unwired)
Student Activity
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KNOW THYSELF!
For us Filipinos, the word Tao is rich with meaning. It can be used to refer simply to a human person. As a person,
we possess our own unique strengths and weaknesses. Have you already know your own strengths and weaknesses?
Ahoy! Then, let’s do some self-adventure!
Reflect yourself for 3 minutes and list down at least five (5) strengths and five (5) weaknesses that you think you
possessed. Write it on your activity/assessment notebook.

Instruction

WHO AM I?
When making important decisions, the ancient Greeks used to consult oracles, individuals they believed possess
the power to see into the future. Outside the Temple of Delphi, where the Oracle of Apollo, prophesied, is an inscription:
“Know thyself.” It was an important reminder to all that our acts and decisions are shaped by how we answer these
questions: “Who am I? What does it mean to be human person?”

HUMAN DIGNITY

-Human dignity originates from God and is of God because we are made in God’s
own image and likeness
(Gn 1:26-27).
- Human life is sacred because the human person is the most central and clearest
reflection of God among us. Human beings have transcendent worth and value
that comes from God; this dignity is not based on any human quality, legal
mandate, or individual merit or accomplishment.

Where does this teaching on Human Dignity come from?

• Biblical source: Scripture— rooted in scripture
• Moral source: Tradition— the use of reason and reflection based in the Catholic tradition.
• Ecclesial source: Church teaching— expressed in the Popes’ Encyclical letters, Apostolic letters, Synod documents,
Apostolic exhortations, and the bishops’ Pastoral letters, which respond to the issues of the
day.

THE NATURE OF HUMAN PERSON

1. Moral Being - capable of conforming to the rules of right conduct.

- God created the human being and placed him and her above all material creation.

God creates the living Creature (Gen 1:26-26)

Learning the message:
God saw how good it was. The world is a good and holy place.
Let them have dominion. Order is something that must first be established. Having been established, it must be
continually cherished and maintained. That is what God does. He creates order from disorder, harmony from
chaos, then places the human being in charge.
The great harmony. As faithful stewards of the earth, men and women work for harmony, a harmony, not only with
people but also with the rest of creation. This means that all life—whether of an animal or of people—should be
respected.

Doing the message:

God gave us the responsibility of taking care of His creation and continuing His creative work. How do we
respond to that responsibility? Do we use His gifts wisely?
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In all probability, our answer will be in negative. Through carelessness neglect, accident, or plain lack of concern, we
have misused our natural resources. How well we solve these problems will determine the kind of life we and the
succeeding generations will have. It also determines how well we have responded to our responsibility

2. Physical and Spiritual Being – humans are embodied spirits, not persons with bodies and spirits. Or bodies and
spiritual gifts of intellect and will are inextricably linked and integral to our being human.

The creation of man (Gen 2:4-7)

Learning the message:
The nature of the human being. After creating the world, God makes the first human being. He makes the human
body from the minerals and chemicals of the earth. But the human body has more to it than just its material
nature. The human being is a marvellous combination of soul and body.
Special Gifts. God shows his greatness by giving the human being a spiritual and physical nature to help him become a
whole person.

Doing the message:

What are the marks of a physically and spiritually wholesome person?

*Integrity -means honesty in word and honesty in action.

*A sense of responsibility – carry out satisfactorily and on time, a job that has been given to us.
*Submission to God-given authority – “If we learn to obey our parents, it will be easier to earn to obey God.
*Reverence for God and respect for others – respect people and their property.
*Self-control and self-discipline – the answers to violence, laziness, lack of ambition, lack of perseverance.
*Competence and Confidence –develop or skills and talents.
*Happy outlook of life – our outlook in life triggers a chain of reaction. A cheerful attitude attracts friends.
*Good physical and mental health

3. Social Being – alone, we are insufficient. We are social beings or person-in-community always by, with, and for others

The Majesty of God and the Dignity of Man (Ps 8:2-10)

Learning the message:
Created by God. Man and woman are God’s created beings.
Man’s Origin. You are dust, and to dust you shall return (Gen3:19)

Doing the message:

The best way to live harmoniously with everyone is to respect life. To show that we respect life, we can do the
following:
1. Strive for mental, physical, and emotional well-being.
2. Follow the Fifth Commandment of God: You Shall Not Kill.
3. Show sympathy and understanding for the underprivileged and those who have physical and mental defects.

4. Rational Beings – the image of God describes a unique intellectual capacity, perhaps for rational thought, creativity or
communication.

In the Image of God (Gen 1:27-30)

Learning the message:

The likeness to God’s image. The word image means shadow or likeness of a figure. The word likeness means the
resemblance of that shadow to the figure.
A Rational Being. Since we are created in God’s likeness, we, too, are rational, meaning, we have reason or intelligence
—the capacity to think, know, understand, love, give, and forgive.

Doing the message:

What can we do to help ourselves make better choices and live as God wants us to live?
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1. Remember that God is always with us.

2. Follow the Ten Commandments

HUMAN FREEDOM

What is freedom? Freedom means our capacity to make choices on our actions and the
way we manage our lives.As we mature, we grow in our awareness of what freedom means.
We realize, however, that growing in freedom means so much more than “having more
options”. Being truly free also means growing in our capability to act responsibly.

Our human freedom is God’s gift. Because of this gift, we can choose to heed God’s call to be truly happy by
following Jesus Christ in our everyday moral living.

Absolute Freedom - the erroneous notion that freedom means doing as one pleases, without regard for the good of others.
It is the exercise of freedom without responsibility or moral obligations.

Authentic (or true) freedom – it is doing the good. It is the capacity to do what we should do as persons-in-community.
Authentic freedom is experienced as (a) freedom from everything that opposes
our true self-becoming with others in community, and (b) freedom from growing as full
persons and children of God, sharing in the life of Christ our Liberator, through his spirit.

Freedom in the Old Testament

 Freedom and God’s Law – true freedom and prosperity are promised to all who keep God’s commands.“Hear
then, Israel, andbe careful to observe [these commandments], that you may grow and prosper the more,
in keeping with the promise of the Lord, the God of your fathers, to give you a land flowing with
milk and honey” (Dt 6:3)
 Freedom is Relational – our true freedom is always lived in community before God as person-in-community, our
freedom is always relational. This idea is better understood with this examples:
1. By freely picking up the pieces of paper and trash in our classroom or corridors, we gain the freedom to
enjoy a clean and orderly school environment.
2. When we drive a vehicle responsibly, the lives of both the passengers and pedestrians are both
safeguarded.
 True freedom is “doing good” –the Ten Commandments do not only “prohibit” but, more importantly. Express
what we should do to be truly free.

Freedom in New Testament

 Freedom from– true freedom is freedom from everything that opposes our true good as persons-in-community,
and not “freedom” from moral obligations. True freedom is our freedom from acts, conditions, attitudes,
and people that hinder us from what is truly good.
 Freedom for – authentic freedom does not mean merely the absence of obstacles. True freedom has a purpose: our
freedom is for growing as full persons and disciples of Jesus, sharing in his life through His Spirit.
 Freedom grounded in truth – “If you remain in my word, you will truly be my disciples, and you will know the
truth, and the truth will set you free.” (Jn 8:31-32). From these words, we understand that the basic
condition of true freedom is truth.

CONSCIENCE
What is human conscience?
Conscience is a person's moral sense of right and wrong, viewed as acting as a guide to one's
behaviour. Conscience judges the morality of an action, how it is performed, and its consequences.
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Following Christ in true freedom entails the duty to form and follow our Christian conscience.

Types of Conscience:
 correct conscience
- tells us when something is a good choice or a bad choice and that this decision is in agreement with
what that thing actually is according to the objective law
 erroneous conscience
- judges something incorrectly, when something is bad you think its good and when its good you
think its bad
 certain conscience
- convinced without any doubt that an action is good or bad
 doubtful conscience
- when you cannot choose between good and bad choices
 lax conscience
- when you see no sin where there actually is sin
 scrupulous sin
- a conscience that judges that there is sin where there really is no sin, or that judges that something is
a mortal sin when it is only a venial sin
 delicate conscience
- judges correctly and with careful attention concerning the acts that are about to be performed

CONSCIENCE MORALLY OBLIGES US

The Subjective Dimension of Human Conscience – the person’s norm of judging moral good or evil. An individual’s
conscience has a unique role that nothing or no one else can perform: It judges what one must do or avoid by
creatively applying objective moral laws to concrete moral acts.
The Objective Dimension of Human Conscience –we are all person-in-community. As such, our conscience has objective
dimension or quality. Our conscience, while intimately ours, is formed by the universal values and norms we
learn from others.

Formation of Human Conscience

Conscience must be informed and moral judgment enlightened. A well-formed conscience is upright and
truthful. It formulates its judgments according to reason, in conformity with the true good willed by the wisdom of
the Creator. The education of conscience is indispensable for human beings who are subjected to negative influences
and tempted by sin to prefer their own judgment and to reject authoritative teachings.

Practice
Let Your Conscience Be Your Guide
It’s not always easy to choose to do what is right, but if you listen to your conscience, you will usually know
what choice you should make. For each of the following items, describe the choice you should make. Write your
answers on your activity/assessment notebook.

Temptation If I Follow My Conscience

1. My mom caught me in a lie. 1. __________________________________
I can lie again to cover up my first lie. __________________________________

2. My friends want me to help 2. __________________________________

them cheat on a test. __________________________________

3. The cashier at the store gave me back 3. __________________________________

an extra twenty pesos with my change. __________________________________
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4. My friends are spreading a rumour 4. __________________________________

about one of our classmates.
__________________________________

5. My parents told me not to go to a party that 5. __________________________________

I really want to go to. I can do it anyway; __________________________________
they’ll never know.

Enrichment

My freedom prayer
Write a short prayer asking Jesus for the grace to grow in true freedom. Make this
your morning prayer this coming week. Do this on your activity/assessment
notebook.

Values integration

Values: Respect
Biblical Text: (Titus 2:7) “Show yourself in all respects to be a model of good works, and in your teaching show
integrity, dignity”

Evaluation

Reflecting on Conscience
1. Cut out a print ad or picture that depicts an individualistic conscience, one that portrays the thinking “it’s
between me and my conscience.” In your activity/assessment notebook, write a short essay about
how such a view is contrary to the truth that we are always persons-in-community . You will be
guided by the following rubrics. Creativity – 15 points, Neatness and Organization – 15 points.

Christian Morality
III: The Basic Principle of Christian Morality

Topic/Lesson Name: Human Act

Objectives: The learners will be able to:

1. Enumerate and describe the classification of the human act
2. Identify the components of Human Act
3. Discover the factors that affect the essential elements of human act
4. Design a creative map of crossroads in view of human act.

QUARTER/ No. of Module Topics Sub Topics No. Of

WEEK  Sessions No. Activity
Sheets
Q1 3 3 III. Basic Principles  Human Act  
W6 of Christian Morality a. Classification (Moral, immoral,
amoral)
Q1 5 3 b. Components/Elements of Human Act  
W7 b.1. intellect and will
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b.2. freedom
b.3. voluntariness
Q1 c. Determinants/Sources of Morality
W8 c.1. the object of morality
c.2. end of morality
c.3. the circumstances of the act
d. The modifiers/ obstacles of human act

Introduction

Given the question, “What determines an action as good or evil?” enable the students to recall a recent
activities they had done and let them determine the results of their actions, labelling it as good or bad.

Motivation Student Activity

At the Crossroads
1.1 What have been the most significant crossroads in your life thus far? Reflect on the important
moral decisions you have made that have, in some way, shaped the kind of person you are today. List them in
your activity/assessment notebook.
1.2. At the end of this lesson, creatively represent your decisions by drawing a map of theses
crossroads. Carefully arrange them from the earliest ones to the most recent. Draw your map in a short bond
paper and attach it to your activity/assessment notebook. Use the space marked “legend” to indicate figures that
symbolizes important “helps” in making your decision: close friends, parents, an unexpected turn of events,
your own initiative, etc. indicate the relative importance of each decision to the kind of person you are at
present by drawing smaller, narrower streets or esquinitasfor less important decisions and highways and big
roads for major ones. Label the streets and avenues in your map. To help your teacher and classmates
understand your personal journey, write a short explanation in your map.

Instruction
HUMAN ACT – (ActusHumani) are actions that proceed from insight into the nature and purpose of one’s
doing and from consent of free will.
- The term humn act has a fixed technical meaning. It means an act (thought, word, deed, desire,
omission) performed by a human being when he is
responsible; when he knows what he is doing and wills to
do it. An act is perfectly human when it is done with full
knowledge and full consent of the will, and with full and
unhampered freedom of choice. It the act is hampered in
any way, it is less perfectly human; if it is done without
knowledge and consent is called an act of a person but not
a human act. In the terminology of classical realistic
philosophy, a human act is ActusHumani.

Classification of Moral Act

1. Moral -“Humanacts, that is, acts that are freely chosen in consequence of a judgment of
conscience, can be morally evaluated. They are either good
or evil” (Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1749). “Acting is
morally good when the choices of freedom are in conformity
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with man’s true good and thus express the voluntary ordering of the person towards our
ultimate end: God himself.” The morality of human acts depends on: the object chosen;
— the end sought or the intention the circumstances of the action.

2. Immoral – These are actions which are not in conformity with the
norm of morality.

There are many examples of immoral act, immorality is a particular character

or behaviour that is dangerous or unacceptable by the society, it can also be
called a bad habit, example are, cultism, smoking, drinking alcohol, laying,
stealing etc.

3. Amoral –action which stand neutral in relation to the norm of morality-those

which are neither good nor bad.
-it can also be used to describe decisions made without conside
of moral actions.

Elements of Human Acts

1. Intellect and will –a person is not responsible for an act done in ignorance, unless the ignorance is the person’s
own fault, and is therefore willed (evincible ignorance), in which case he has knowledge that he
is in ignorance and ought to dispel it. Thus, in one way or another, knowledge is necessary for
responsible human activity.

2. Freedom– a person is not responsible for an act over which he has no control, unless he deliberately surrender
such control by running into conditions and circumstances which rob him of liberty. Thus, in one way
or another, freedom is necessary for every human act.

3. Voluntariness – of the three elements of human acts, it is voluntariness that requires the presence of the two other
elements (knowledge and freedom). This means that the voluntary act is synonymous with human
act. A human act is a willed act. It proceeds from the will, following the knowledge and judgment of
the mind or intellect. Since what refers to the freewill is usually described as moral, a human act is
moral act. Since the will is free. Perhaps, an illustration can help us understand better the interrelation
and distinction of the constituents of human acts.

 Perfect Voluntariness – is present in a person who fully knows and fully intend an act.
 Imperfect Voluntariness – is present in a person who acts without fully realizing what the means to do, or without
fully intending an act.

Sources of Morality

It’s an error to judge the morality of human acts by considering only

the intention that inspires them, writes Cathal Barry.

Freedom, according to the Church, makes man a moral subject.

“When he acts deliberately, man is, so to speak, the father of his acts,”
the Catechism of the Catholic Church states.
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“Human acts, that is, acts that are freely chosen in consequence of a judgment of conscience, can be morally evaluated.
They are either good or evil,” the key teaching document says. The morality of human acts, according to the Church,
depends on:

 the object or nature of the act;

 the end in view or the intention;
 the circumstances of the action.

a. the object or nature of the act concerns the fundamental

question “What is the act involved?” the object refers to
what one has actually done or is considering doing.

b. one’s intention for dong the act is its interior, subjective

aspect. It is important to ask, “Why are you doing the act?”
or “Why did you commit the act?” The intention is the
person’s goal in committing the act. While the object of the
act has a built-in intention—to malign, to steal, or to commit
adultery—the intention we refer to here is the motive or
reason for doing the act.

c. circumstances of the act by asking “What are the other important factors involved in the act?” several other
questions are often related to the circumstances of the act: who, where, with what means, how, and
when (Pescke, 1996).
 The Modifiers of Human Act

Ignorance

Ignorance in
its object

Law

Fact

Penalty
Ignorance in
its object

Vincible
Ignorance

Invincible
Ignorance

The Modifiers of Human Act

Ignorance in
its result

Antecedent
Ignorance

Concomitant
Ignorance

Consequent
Ignorance
The Modifiers of Human Act

Concupiscenc
e

Antecedent
Concupiscence

Consequent
Concupiscence
Fear

With Fear

From Fear
Violence

Verbal
Violence

Physical
Violence

Emotional
Violence

Sexual
Violence

- Refers to the things that affect man’s knowledge, freedom and voluntariness in the
performance of an act, making them less perfectly.

n
I
h
u
v
s
e
d
t
a
r
o
g
I
l
b
c
n
i
V
"
Habit

Vices

Virtue

- Also called obstacles of human act that affects or prevent a clear knowledge of the object of
the act or impair the coming about of a human act in its roots by diminishing or preventing the
consent of free will.

1. Ignorance – refers to one’s lack of knowledge of moral being which human beings should have; absence of
intellectual knowledge.
20
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2. Concupiscence – these are strong human impulses or tendencies toward the possession of something good or
avoidance of something evil; Passions are neither good nor evil but indifferent (without bias).

3. Fear – special kind of concupiscence; disturbance of the mind caused by the thought of a threatening evil;
unpleasant feeling of anxiety or apprehension caused by the presence or anticipation of hunger.

4. Violence – is an impulse from without tending to force the agent to act against his choice. In so far as the
violence, is irresistible, we are not responsible for the external act, application of external force on a
person by another free agent on another with free will, to compel the former to do something against
his will.

5. Habit – readiness for doing a certain thing acquired by regularly and persistently doing the same act; synonymous
to addiction, dependency fixation, obsession, weakness, custom, routine, practice, tradition, convention,
pattern.

Practice

At the Crossroads
Connect to the motivational activity and do the drawing of your crossroads map! This Rubrics will guide you.
Creativity – 15 points Connectivity to the topic – 5 points Neatness – 5 points. Write your answer in
your Activity Notebook.
Enrichment

At the Crossroads with Christ

Compose a poem about journeying with Christ at life’s crossroads. Write your answer in your
Activity Notebook.
Values Integration

Values: Transformed
Biblical Text: John 16:33“These things I have spoken to you, that in me you might have peace. In the
world you shall have tribulation: but be of good cheer; I have overcome the world.”

Evaluation
Journal Activity

Make a Reflection paper about the three most significant life events and decisions that have made you who
you are today. Relate your choices to the topic HUMAN ACT. You will be guided by the following rubrics below.
Write your answer in your Activity Notebook.
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RUBRICS
Description Score Score Obtained
Content provided are correct and appropriate 15
Sufficient elaboration of key ideas and examples are provided 15
The essay is clear and organized 10
Grammar and usage are correct 10
TOTAL

INTRODUCTION: As an individual, we will always look back on the past experiences that we’ve gone through. For
others who are very sentimental, they tend to keep things which are having values for them. They collect things
that remind them of every lesson they have learned even in the most difficult time. With this, let us do some work
with our past experiences.

G.R.A.S.P

GOAL

 The goal is to creatively design a Process Portfolio in view of Christian Morality.

ROLE

 A teacher and a facilitator

AUDIENCE

 The learners

SITUATION

 The learners should design a purposeful collection of student work that documents their growth as
an individual in a morally upright manner. They will have to collect works from past lessons and
activities in this quarter.

PRODUCT

 The end product is the Process Portfolio exemplifying their virtues and values as Christian (even in
non-Christian learners). Write your answer in your Activity Notebook.

Module Designer: Ms. Jenny Rose G. Gomisong